Unit type dense full-mining full-filling coal mining method

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of green mining of coal mines, and particularly relates to a unit type dense full-mining full-filling coal mining method. The working face is arranged in an F-type roadway with two gate roadways for air inlet and one open-off cut roadway for air return. The two air inlet crossheads are respectively a main conveying crossheading and an auxiliary conveying crossheading; the main transportation crossheading is located in the middle of the working face, a left-wing working face and a right-wing working face on the two sides of the main transportation crossheading are mined in a face-pull mode, and after the left-wing working face and the right-wing working face are excavated, unit type filling is conducted on other areas with the width of an air return channel; the left-wing working face and the right-wing working face alternately perform mining and filling operation, mining and filling are performed in parallel in time and are separated and do not interfere with each other in space, and meanwhile, an air inlet roadway of the right-wing working face is not filled after air return for entry retaining and serves as an air inlet crossheading of the next working face; the problems of long roadway preparation period, airflow turbulence caused by local ventilation, complete separation of mining and filling and the like existing in traditional roadway type continuous mining and filling are solved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application belongs to the technical field of green coal mining, and particularly relates to a unit type dense full-mining full-filling coal mining method. BACKGROUND

[0002] The filling mining technology has been relatively mature after years of development, and gradually formed a comprehensive mechanized solid filling, paste filling, longwall lane-by-lane cemented filling, overburden isolation grouting filling, and "underground mining, selecting and filling + X" technical system, which provides a comprehensive technical approach for "three-under" mining (mining coal under buildings in towns, industrial buildings, railways, and water bodies is special mining, referred to as "three-under" mining, in order to protect the ecological environment of buildings in towns, industrial buildings, railways, etc., and prevent the roof of the "three-under" goaf from sinking, the filling method is generally used to manage the roof), and plays an important role in controlling ground subsidence, protecting the ecological environment, and disposing coal-based solid waste.

[0003] Coal mining needs to consider ecological environment protection and carbon reduction, and the filling mining technology has advantages in large-scale disposal and resource utilization of coal-based solid waste, underground carbon sequestration, etc., and helps to realize green and low-carbon coal mining. Although the longwall fully mechanized filling technology commonly used in China has the advantages of early start, wide application range, simple filling process, and mature equipment matching, the imbalance of mining and filling processes, inflexible working face layout, and uneconomical mining cost lead to an imbalance between mining capacity and filling capacity, a mismatch between filling cost and mining benefit, and obvious development bottlenecks, which restrict the development of filling mining technology. Although the roadway filling mining technology can solve the problems of imbalance between mining and filling processes, inflexible working face layout, and uneconomical mining cost faced by longwall fully mechanized filling, it has a long working face preparation period, many tunneling roadway processes, many workers, and uses local fans for ventilation, which makes it difficult to achieve full air pressure ventilation, separate mining and filling processes, and fully automated working face operation, greatly limiting the intelligent capacity and production capacity, and becoming a great hindrance to roadway continuous mining and filling. SUMMARY

[0004] The present application is to solve the problems of long roadway preparation period, airflow turbulence caused by local ventilation, and complete separation of mining and filling in traditional roadway continuous mining and filling technology.

[0005] The present application provides the following technical solution: a unit type dense full-mining full-filling coal mining method, the working face adopts an "F" type roadway layout with two intake airways and one open-off cut roadway returning air; the two intake airways are a main transport airway and an auxiliary transport airway; The main haulage gateway is located in the middle of the working face, the left wing working face and the right wing working face on both sides of the main haulage gateway are pull-type mining, the left wing working face and the right wing working face are excavated to leave a return air passage, and the remaining area is subjected to unit filling; the left wing working face and the right wing working face alternately perform mining and filling operations, the mining and filling operations are parallel in time and separate in space without interference, and meanwhile, the air inlet roadway of the right wing working face is left after the return air without filling to serve as the air inlet gateway of the next working face.

[0006] Further, the method comprises the following steps: S1: sequentially excavating the auxiliary haulage gateway, the open-off cut, the boundary return air gateway and the centralized return air gateway from the main haulage gateway opening until the main haulage gateway, the auxiliary haulage gateway and the return air gateway are connected; S2: excavating the main haulage gateway from the main haulage gateway opening according to the designed length of the working face until the main haulage gateway is connected with the open-off cut; S3: arranging the crushing and loading equipment in the main haulage gateway; S4: first excavating the left wing unit branch gateway towards the left wing working face from the main haulage gateway, then excavating the right wing unit branch gateway towards the right wing working face after the left wing working face is excavated to one stage, and filling the area outside the return air passage of the left wing working face in the left wing unit branch gateway during the excavation of the right wing unit branch gateway; excavating the left wing unit branch gateway towards the left wing working face again after the right wing working face is excavated to one stage, and filling the area outside the return air passage of the right wing working face and the self-remaining gateway on the right side in the right wing unit branch gateway during the excavation of the left wing unit branch gateway; The above steps are alternately and cyclically performed until the working face coal is completely recovered; S5: after the recovery of the previous working face is completed, the self-remaining gateway is used as the air inlet gateway of the next working face, and then the equipment is transferred to the next working face to continue excavating the main haulage gateway of the next working face.

[0007] Further, the step S4 specifically comprises: after the crushing and loading equipment in the main haulage gateway is arranged, the excavation, anchoring and protection equipment is used to excavate the left wing unit branch gateway in full section according to the designed width, the excavated coal is transferred to the crushing and loading equipment by the coal conveying equipment, the excavation, anchoring and protection equipment and the coal conveying equipment are withdrawn after the excavation of the left wing unit branch gateway is completed, and the right wing unit branch gateway is excavated according to the predetermined position and opened to the right side; The width of the left wing working face return air passage is left after the left wing unit branch roadway is excavated, and the filling and sealing support is installed in the left wing working face return air passage. The filling and sealing support and the existing structure form a filling mold cavity. The working face filling pipeline is connected to the filling mold cavity to form a unit filling body. At the same time, after the right wing unit branch roadway is excavated, the right side is left out of the self-retaining roadway space, the excavation and anchor protection equipment and the coal conveying equipment are withdrawn, the width of the right wing working face return air passage is left, and the filling and sealing support is installed in the right wing working face return air passage. The filling and sealing support and the existing structure form a filling mold cavity. The working face filling pipeline is connected to the filling mold cavity to form a unit filling body. At the same time, the excavation and anchor protection equipment continues to open from the left wing working face position, and the left wing unit branch roadway is continuously excavated. The above procedures are repeated until the working face coal body is completely recovered.

[0008] Further, full air pressure is used for air supply during working face excavation and filling, no extension air cylinder is hung in the roadway, fresh air is supplied from the main and auxiliary transport main roads, and the fresh air flows through the auxiliary transport gallery, the left wing open-off cut roadway, the right wing open-off cut roadway and the boundary return air roadway, and then flows to the return air main road from the centralized return air gallery.

[0009] Compared with the prior art, the advantages of the present application are that: (1) The preparation amount and preparation time of a single working face are effectively shortened, and the self-retaining roadway is formed by excavation and filling. Firstly, the rapid preparation mode of the roadway system is realized by excavating only one main transport gallery in a single working face. Secondly, the self-retaining roadway of the auxiliary transport gallery of the next working face is realized by excavation and filling of the unit branch roadway. The preparation efficiency of the working face is greatly improved, and the working face can be quickly formed.

[0010] (2) Full air pressure is used for air supply during the whole process of branch roadway excavation and branch roadway filling, and the air supply environment is effectively improved. During the excavation and filling of the whole working face, whether it is branch roadway excavation or branch roadway filling, fresh air flows back through the narrow return air passage left in the working face, and no traditional local ventilation facility extension is performed, which improves the air supply environment and greatly improves the safety hidden danger of harmful gases, thereby providing the possibility of unmanned mining.

[0011] (3) The mining and filling are separated in space and parallel in time, which greatly improves the mining efficiency. By opening the bow on the left and right sides, the mining operation and the filling operation are distributed on both sides of the main transport gallery, and the implementation equipment and the implementation process do not interfere with each other. The filling and sealing support effectively seals the filling slurry, and if the filling does not top once, the mold plate can be removed for secondary grouting, so that the filling body is more compact and fully topped. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0012] Figure 1 It is a unit dense full mining and full filling coal roadway system and equipment layout diagram. Figure 2 Layout for left wing unit entry mining; Figure 3 Layout for right wing unit entry mining.

[0013] In the figure: 1-main haulage roadway; 2-auxiliary haulage roadway; 3-return air roadway; 4-auxiliary haulage gate; 5-left wing open-off cut roadway; 6-right wing open-off cut roadway; 7-boundary return air roadway; 8-centralized return air gate; 9-main haulage gate; 10-self-retained roadway; 11-unitized filling body; 12-tunneling, anchoring and protecting equipment; 13-coal haulage equipment; 14-crushing and transloading equipment; 15-working face belt conveyor; 16-filling main pipeline; 17-main haulage belt; 18-working face filling pipeline; 19-filling closed support; 20-left wing unit entry; 21-right wing working face return air passage; 22-right wing filling slurry; 23-left wing filling slurry; 24-right wing unit entry; 25-left wing working face return air passage; 26-next working face. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0014] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments or prior art description. Obviously, the drawings in the following description only constitute some embodiments of the present application, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can also be obtained from these drawings without any creative effort.

[0015] As shown in Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 : a unitized dense full-mining full-filling coal mining method, the working face adopts an "F" type roadway layout of two gate entries for air intake and one open-off cut roadway for air return; the two air intake gate entries are a main haulage gate 9 and an auxiliary haulage gate 4; The main haulage gate 9 is located in the middle of the working face, the left wing working face and the right wing working face on both sides of the main haulage gate 9 are mined by the opposite drawing method, and the remaining area of the left wing working face and the right wing working face after the air return passage is left has unitized filling; the left wing working face and the right wing working face alternately perform mining and filling operations, the mining and filling operations are parallel in time and separated in space without interference, and meanwhile, the air intake roadway of the right wing working face is not filled after air return to leave a roadway as an air intake gate of the next working face.

[0016] The present application comprises the following steps: S1: In the pre-planned design of the mining area, first open from the main haulage roadway 1 to excavate the leftmost auxiliary haulage crossheading 4 of the mining area, after the auxiliary haulage crossheading 4 is excavated to the designed position, continue to excavate the cut roadway (including the left wing cut roadway 5 and the right wing cut roadway 6) to the right side, after the cut roadway is excavated, continue to excavate the boundary return air roadway 7 forward, after the boundary return air roadway 7 is excavated to the specified position, continue to excavate the centralized return air crossheading 8 of the mining area to the right side, until the centralized return air crossheading 8 is connected with the main haulage roadway 1, the auxiliary haulage roadway 2 and the return air roadway 3, thereby forming a full air pressure ventilation system of the whole mining area, and preparing for the ventilation and roadway system of the mining working face; S2: After the main system of the mining area roadway is formed, open from the main haulage roadway 1, excavate the main haulage crossheading 9 according to the designed working face length, until it is connected with the cut roadway, thereby forming the working face roadway system; S3: Arrange the working face belt conveyor 15 from the outside to the inside in the main haulage crossheading 9 to arrange the working face equipment, and arrange the crushing and transloading equipment 14 at the end of the working face belt conveyor 15; the excavated coal is crushed, uniformly transloaded to the working face belt conveyor 15 by the crushing and transloading equipment 14, and is transferred to the main haulage belt 17 of the main haulage roadway 1 by the working face belt conveyor 15, and is transported to the main haulage system of the mine by the main haulage belt 17; S4: After the crushing and transloading equipment 14 in the main haulage crossheading 9 is arranged, the excavation, anchoring and protection equipment 12 excavates the left wing unit branch roadway 20 in full section according to the designed width, the excavated coal is transferred to the crushing and transloading equipment 14 by the coal conveying equipment 13, after the left wing unit branch roadway 20 is excavated, the excavation, anchoring and protection equipment 12 and the coal conveying equipment 13 are withdrawn; excavate the right wing unit branch roadway 24 according to the predetermined position and open to the right side; After the excavation, the left wing unit branch roadway 20 is left with the width of the left wing working face return air channel 25, and the filling and sealing support 19 is installed in the left wing working face return air channel 25, the filling and sealing support 19 and the existing structure surround the filling mold cavity, the working face filling pipeline 18 is connected to the filling mold cavity to form the unit type filling body 11; at the same time, after the right wing unit branch roadway 24 is excavated in place, the right side is left with the self-retained roadway 10 space, the excavation, anchoring and protection equipment 12 and the coal conveying equipment 13 are withdrawn, the width of the right wing working face return air channel 21 is left, and the filling and sealing support 19 is installed in the right wing working face return air channel 21, the filling and sealing support 19 and the existing structure surround the filling mold cavity, the working face filling pipeline 18 is connected to the filling mold cavity to form the unit type filling body 11; at the same time, the excavation, anchoring and protection equipment 12 continues to open from the predetermined position of the left wing working face and continues to excavate the left wing unit branch roadway 21; repeat the above procedures until the working face coal body is completely recovered; S5: After the recovery of the last working face is completed, the self-retained roadway 10 is used as the air inlet crossheading of the next working face 26, and then the equipment is transferred to the next working face 26 to continue to excavate the main haulage crossheading 9 of the next working face 26.

[0017] During the working face excavation and filling, full air pressure is used for air supply, no extension air duct is hung in the roadway, the fresh air is supplied from the main haulage roadway 1 and the auxiliary haulage roadway 2, and the fresh air flows through the auxiliary haulage crossheading 4, the left wing open-off cut roadway 5, the right wing open-off cut roadway 6 and the boundary return air roadway 7, and then the dirty air flows to the return air roadway 3 from the centralized return air crossheading 8.

[0018] During the excavation and filling of the left wing unit roadway 20 and the right wing unit roadway 24 respectively, the fresh air flowing from the main haulage crossheading 9 flows through the left wing unit roadway 20 and the right wing working face return air passage 21 respectively, and then flows through the open-off cut roadway into the boundary return air roadway 7, and finally flows into the return air roadway 3 through the centralized return air crossheading 8, so as to discharge the dirty air. During the excavation and filling of the right wing unit roadway 24 and the left wing unit roadway 20 respectively, the fresh air flowing from the main haulage crossheading 9 flows through the left wing working face return air passage 25 and the right wing unit roadway 24 respectively, and then flows through the open-off cut roadway into the boundary return air roadway 7, and finally flows into the return air roadway 3 through the centralized return air crossheading 8, so as to discharge the dirty air.

[0019] The unit type dense full mining and full filling coal mining method solves the problems of long roadway preparation period, airflow disorder caused by local ventilation, complete separation of mining and filling and the like in the traditional roadway type continuous mining and continuous filling, only one main haulage crossheading 9 needs to be excavated in the whole working face, a mining system can be formed, and the other air inlet crossheading is left by the crossheading space filled by the branch roadway of the previous working face, the branch roadway excavation and filling operation is distributed on both sides of the main haulage crossheading 9 of the working face, and does not interfere with each other, and full air pressure is used for ventilation during the excavation and filling, and no extension air duct needs to be hung.

[0020] The above description of disclosed embodiments enables those skilled in the art to carry out or use the present application. Various modifications to these embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein can be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the application. Accordingly, the present application is not to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A unit-type dense full-filling coal mining method, characterized in that: The working face adopts an "F"-shaped roadway layout with two intake roadways and one return roadway; the two intake roadways are the main haulage roadway (9) and the auxiliary haulage roadway (4); The main haulage roadway (9) is located in the middle of the working face. The left and right working faces on both sides of the main haulage roadway (9) are excavated in a pull-type manner. After the left and right working faces are excavated, the width of the return air passage is left and the remaining area is filled in a unit-type manner. The left and right working faces are alternately excavated and filled. In terms of time, the excavation and filling are carried out in parallel and in terms of space, they are separated and do not interfere with each other. At the same time, the intake airway of the right working face is not filled after the return air and is left as the intake airway of the next working face.

2. The unit-type dense full-filling coal mining method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1: Starting from the main haulage roadway (1), excavate the auxiliary haulage roadway (4), cut-in roadway, boundary return airway (7) and centralized return airway (8) in sequence until they connect with the main haulage roadway (1), auxiliary haulage roadway (2) and return airway (3); S2: Starting from the main haulage roadway (1), excavate the main haulage roadway (9) according to the designed working face length until the same cutting eye roadway is connected; S3: Arrange crushing and transfer equipment (14) in the main transport roadway (9); S4: Starting from the main haulage roadway (9), the left wing unit branch roadway (20) is excavated towards the left wing working face. After the left wing working face has completed one stage of excavation, the right wing unit branch roadway (24) is excavated towards the right wing working face. During the excavation of the right wing unit branch roadway (24), the area outside the left wing working face return air passage (25) in the left wing unit branch roadway (20) is filled. After the right wing working face has completed a stage of excavation, the left wing unit branch roadway (20) is excavated again towards the left wing working face. During the excavation of the left wing unit branch roadway (20), the area outside the right wing working face return air passage (21) and the right side self-retained roadway (10) in the right wing unit branch roadway (24) is filled. This alternating cycle continues until all the coal at the working face has been recovered. S5: After the previous working face is finished, the self-retained roadway (10) is used as the intake roadway of the next working face (26), and then the equipment is transferred to the next working face (26) to continue excavating the main haulage roadway (9) of the next working face (26).

3. The unit-type dense full-filling coal mining method according to claim 2, characterized in that, Step S4 specifically includes: After the crushing and transfer equipment (14) in the main haulage roadway (9) is arranged, the left wing unit branch roadway (20) is excavated in full cross section according to the design width using the tunneling and anchoring equipment (12). The excavated coal is transferred to the crushing and transfer equipment (14) via the coal transport equipment (13). After the excavation of the left wing unit branch roadway (20) is completed, the tunneling and anchoring equipment (12) and the coal transport equipment (13) are withdrawn. The right wing unit branch roadway (24) is excavated to the right side according to the predetermined position. After the excavation is completed, the left wing unit branch roadway (20) is left with the width of the left wing working face return air passage (25), and a filling and sealing support (19) is installed in the left wing working face return air passage (25). The filling and sealing support (19) and the existing structure form a filling mold cavity. The working face filling pipeline (18) is connected to the filling mold cavity for filling operations to form a unit filling body (11). At the same time, after the right wing unit branch roadway (24) is excavated to the position, a self-retained roadway (10) space is left on the right side, and the excavation and anchoring equipment (12) and coal transportation equipment (1) are removed. 3) Leave the width of the return air passage (21) of the right wing working face, and install the filling and sealing support (19) in the return air passage (21) of the right wing working face. The filling and sealing support (19) and the existing structure form a filling mold cavity. Connect the working face filling pipeline (18) to the filling mold cavity for filling operation to form a unit filling body (11). At the same time, the tunneling and anchoring equipment (12) continues to open from the predetermined position of the left wing working face and continues to tunnel the left wing unit branch roadway (21). Repeat the above procedures until all the coal body of the working face is recovered.

4. The unit-type dense full-filling coal mining method according to claim 2, characterized in that: During the excavation and filling of the working face, full-pressure air supply is adopted. No extended ventilation ducts are suspended in the roadway. Air is introduced from the main haulage roadway (1) and the auxiliary haulage roadway (2). Fresh air flows through the auxiliary haulage roadway (4), the left wing cut-eye roadway (5), the right wing cut-eye roadway (6), and the boundary return airway (7). Sewage air flows from the centralized return airway (8) to the return air roadway (3).

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