Cavity separation device for ore draw shaft and separate mining and separate transportation method

Abstract

The invention discloses a cavity separation device for an ore draw shaft and a separate mining and separate transportation method, and relates to the technical field of non-coal mine mining, storage and transportation. The structure comprises a draw shaft body, a center supporting column, a separation adjusting assembly, an upper ore receiving gate, a lower ore discharging gate and a center control dispatching module. The separation adjusting assembly comprises a separation plate and a matched hydraulic push rod, the separation plate and the inner wall of the draw shaft form a high-grade independent cavity, a middle-grade independent cavity and a low-grade independent cavity in the draw shaft, and the hydraulic push rod drives the separation plate to adjust the volume of the cavities; according to the method, based on ore grade distribution determined before mining, block sections are divided for separate mining, target ores are accurately unloaded into corresponding cavities for storage, and ore removal gates are scheduled according to transportation priorities to carry out the ores. The mining preparation workload does not need to be increased, mixed mining and mixed transportation can be avoided, grade output differences of different chambers are adapted, a high-quality raw material basis is provided for subsequent dressing and smelting, and the comprehensive economic benefits of a mine are improved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of non-coal mine exploitation and storage and transportation, and particularly relates to a cavity separation device for ore chute and a separate mining and transportation method. BACKGROUND

[0002] In the field of non-coal mine exploitation, due to the influence of long-term geological structure movement, mineral deposition rule and other congenital geological occurrence conditions, there are natural differences in ore grade inside the ore body, which can be generally divided into high-grade ore, medium-grade ore and low-grade ore. As the key infrastructure for the transfer and transportation of mine ore, the chute is the core link connecting the mining of the mine and the underground transportation, and the structural design of the chute will affect the ore transportation efficiency, grade control effect and the basic quality of the material in the subsequent beneficiation process.

[0003] In the prior art, the chute used for non-coal mine room and pillar mining is mostly a single cavity structure, which lacks effective separation and classified storage function. The high-grade ore, medium-grade ore and low-grade ore mined need to be mixed and loaded into the chute for unified transportation, which not only reduces the final ore grade, but also increases the beneficiation and separation cost. Although the improved chute divides the cavity through a fixed partition plate to try to realize classified storage, the position of the partition plate is not adjustable and the cavity volume is fixed. When the yield of a certain type of grade ore in the mine room is much higher than that of other types, the corresponding fixed volume cavity is easy to be full, forcing the mining operation to be interrupted. The cavity corresponding to the low yield grade is idle for a long time, resulting in insufficient utilization of the overall space of the chute and failing to meet the dynamic storage demand under the large-scale mining of multiple mine rooms. At the same time, the prior art does not fully consider the cooperative adaptation of the stope separate mining operation and the chute storage and transportation, that is, even if the stope divides the high-grade, medium-grade and low-grade independent blocks through geological exploration and implements separate mining, the chute end still lacks the matching separate storage and transportation connection structure.

[0004] Therefore, in view of the working condition characteristics of non-coal mine room and pillar mining, it is of great significance to design a chute separation structure and separate mining and transportation method which can realize self-adaptive adjustment of cavity volume, classified storage of ore and unified scheduling of multiple chutes, to improve the ore grade and reduce the production cost. SUMMARY

[0005] In view of the problems of ore mixed transportation and unadjustable cavity volume in the prior art, the present application discloses a cavity separation device for ore chute and a separate mining and transportation method, which realizes classified storage of different grade ores in the mine room and self-adaptive adjustment of the volume, so as to improve the ore grade and reduce the production cost.

[0006] A cavity separation device for ore chute is provided according to the purposes of the present application, comprising a chute body, a central support column is arranged in the center of the chute body along the axial direction of the chute body; a separation adjusting assembly for adjusting the cavity volume is further arranged in the chute body, so as to divide the chute body into three independent cavities, i.e., a high-grade ore cavity, a medium-grade ore cavity and a low-grade ore cavity; an upper ore receiving gate is arranged at the top of the chute body, and a ore discharge control assembly is arranged at the lower part of the chute body. The separation adjusting assembly comprises movable separation plates, a hydraulic push rod driving mechanism and a sealing member; the separation plates are arranged in three, and are all rotationally connected with the central support column; the height of each separation plate is consistent with the height of the chute body, and the width is consistent with the radius of the chute body; the hydraulic push rod driving mechanism is connected with the separation plates to drive the separation plates to rotate around the central support column to adjust the cavity size; the sealing member is arranged at the edge of the separation plate, and the displacement sensor is integrated on the hydraulic push rod driving mechanism; The upper ore receiving gate comprises three fan-shaped ore receiving gate plates, each of which is hinged to the central support column through a rotary hinge seat, and each fan-shaped ore receiving gate plate is provided with an independent ore receiving opening and closing driving device for driving the gate plate to rotate around the rotary hinge seat to open or close the upper opening of the corresponding cavity. The ore discharge control assembly comprises a lower ore discharge gate corresponding to the three cavities and a single ore discharge channel; the lower ore discharge gate comprises three ore discharge gate plates corresponding to the fan-shaped ore receiving gate plates, each of which is hinged to the central support column through a rotary hinge seat, and each fan-shaped ore discharge gate plate is provided with an independent ore discharge opening and closing driving device; the single ore discharge channel is located below the lower ore discharge gate, and is used for gathering ore and conveying it to the mine car. The central support column is clamped and fixed through the matching holes formed at the circumcenter of the upper ore receiving gate and the lower ore discharge gate. The cavity separation device further comprises a central control scheduling module, which is electrically connected with all the chute assemblies of the ore rooms, can receive the ore grade and cavity storage data of the ore chute of multiple ore rooms, and controls the movement of the separation plates of each chute and the opening and closing of the upper ore receiving gate and the lower ore discharge gate.

[0007] Preferably, the separation plates are rotationally connected with the central support column through rotary connecting pieces, the hydraulic push rod driving mechanism adopts a double-acting hydraulic push rod, one set of hydraulic push rod driving mechanism is arranged between each two separation plates, and the displacement sensor is integrated on the hydraulic push rod driving mechanism, which is linked with the central control scheduling module to realize closed-loop adjustment of the cavity volume and adapt to the yield fluctuation of different grade ores of each ore room.

[0008] Preferably, the ore receiving opening and closing driving device is a rotary oil cylinder, which can drive the gate plate to overturn 0-90° around the rotary hinge seat to realize the opening and closing of the upper opening of the cavity; the action direction of the ore discharge opening and closing driving device is opposite to that of the ore receiving opening and closing driving device, which is downward overturning 0-90°. Preferably, the single ore outlet channel is lined with wear-resistant steel lining plates and provided with convex ribs to prevent ore retention.

[0009] Preferably, the central control scheduling module adopts an industrial-grade PLC controller.

[0010] The application further discloses a method for separate mining and transportation using the cavity separation device for the ore chute. S1, installation and debugging of the cavity separation device and the matching components are completed, distribution areas and contents of high-grade, medium-grade and low-grade ores in each ore room are determined through geological exploration, ore hardness and corresponding roof hardness are detected, grade cavity volume adjustment reference parameters are set, and all ore chutes are connected with the central control scheduling module; S2, a separate layer mining sequence is determined according to the comparison result of the ore hardness and the roof hardness, if the ore hardness is greater than the roof hardness, upward mining of the lower separate layer is adopted, if the ore hardness is less than the roof hardness, downward mining of the upper separate layer is adopted, and meanwhile, independent block sections in the ore room are divided according to the distribution areas of the high-grade, medium-grade and low-grade ores to avoid mixed mining of cross-grade block sections; S3, mining operations of multiple ore rooms are started, single-grade block sections of target separate layers in the ore room are operated according to the determined sequence, ore volume of the current separate layer mining is calculated in real time through a mining measuring instrument during the mining process, ore quantity data are converted in combination with ore density, and the data are transmitted to the central control scheduling module; S4, the central control scheduling module instructs the hydraulic push rod driving mechanism of the corresponding ore chute to act according to the received ore quantity data, moves the separation plate to adjust the cavity volume matched with the current mining grade, so that the cavity volume is adapted to the calculated ore quantity to meet the storage and transportation requirements; after the volume adjustment is completed, the upper ore receiving gate of the corresponding grade is opened, so that the single-grade ore of the current separate layer is transported into the cavity with the adapted volume for storage; S5, when the central control scheduling module detects that the cumulative storage quantity of ore of a certain grade reaches a preset transportation threshold, the lower ore outlet gate of the cavity of all ore rooms storing the ore of the grade is opened according to the preset transportation priority, and the ore falls into the mine car through the single ore outlet channel; the lower ore outlet gates of the cavities of other grades are kept closed to avoid mixed transportation; S6, after the mining and transportation of the ore of the current separate layer are completed, steps S2-S5 are repeated, and separate mining and transportation operations of the next separate layer or the next grade are entered, until all separate layers and all grades of ores in the ore room are processed; after each shift operation is completed, the central control scheduling module automatically generates a report of separate layer mining quantity, cavity volume adjustment parameters and ore transportation quantity of each ore room.

[0011] Preferably, in step S4, the adjusted cavity effective volume is greater than or equal to the volume corresponding to the calculated ore quantity, and during the volume adjustment process, the displacement sensor feeds back the position data of the partition plate in real time, and the central control scheduling module controls the start and stop of the hydraulic push rod driving mechanism based on the data to ensure the volume adjustment accuracy.

[0012] Preferably, the preset transportation priority is dynamically adjusted according to the production plan, if the downstream ore dressing plant needs to process low-grade ore first, the central control scheduling module switches the transportation priority to low-grade ore first, and preferentially transports all low-grade ores of the ore room chute.

[0013] Preferably, in step S5, if the storage capacity of a certain cavity of a certain ore room chute reaches the threshold of the volume, the central control scheduling module triggers the full-bin warning and preferentially schedules the transportation of the corresponding grade ore of the ore room chute.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the cavity partition device for ore chute and the separate mining and transportation method have the following advantages: (1) The present application divides the high-grade ore cavity, the medium-grade ore cavity and the low-grade ore cavity into three independent cavities, and controls the opening and closing of the upper ore receiving gate and the lower ore discharging gate independently, so as to realize the physical isolation and storage of different grade ores, effectively reduce the mixed transportation of different grade ores, and optimize the material basis of the subsequent ore dressing process.

[0015] (2) The present application realizes the variable adjustment of the cavity volume through the linkage design of the partition plate and the hydraulic driving mechanism, which can adapt to the yield fluctuation of different grade ores in the room and pillar mining, help to improve the overall utilization rate of the chute, and meet the separate storage demand of multi-room simultaneous mining of multi-grade ores.

[0016] (3) The separate mining and transportation method disclosed by the present application determines the ore grade distribution and separate layer mining sequence based on geological exploration data, ensures the scientificity and pertinence of the mining field separate mining operation, and simultaneously links the chute volume adjustment and gate control through the central control scheduling module, accurately guides the single grade ore after separate mining into the cavity with adaptive volume, realizes the whole process cooperation of separate mining, storage partition and transportation of different products, and solves the problems of the connection fault between separate mining operation and chute storage and transportation in the prior art, and the problem that the separate mining advantage cannot be converted into actual ore quality improvement. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0017] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical scheme of the embodiments of the present application or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings needed to be used in the embodiment or prior art description. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and those skilled in the art can also obtain other drawings according to these drawings without creative labor.

[0018] Fig. 1This is a schematic diagram of an ore pass.

[0019] Fig. 2 This is a schematic diagram of the cavity partition device.

[0020] Fig. 3 This is a schematic diagram of the opening of the upper ore receiving gate of the cavity separation device.

[0021] In the diagram: 1-Ore pass body; 2-High-grade ore chamber; 3-Medium-grade ore chamber; 4-Low-grade ore chamber; 5-Divider plate; 6-Hydraulic push rod drive mechanism; 7-Displacement sensor; 8-Seal; 9-Central support column; 10-Upper ore receiving gate; 101-Ore receiving opening and closing drive device; 11-Lower ore discharge gate; 111-Ore discharge opening and closing drive device; 12-Single ore discharge channel; 13-Central control and dispatch module. Detailed Implementation

[0022] The specific embodiments of the present invention will be briefly described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are merely some, not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0023] Figs. 1-3 A preferred embodiment of the present invention is shown and analyzed in detail.

[0024] like Figs. 1-3 The diagram shows a cavity separation device for ore chutes, applied in a room-and-pillar mining project in a non-coal mine. The mine uses room-and-pillar mining technology to mine bauxite. The ore chambers are designed to be 50-60m long × 12-14m wide × 3-8m high. Each pair of adjacent ore chambers corresponds to one ore chute, used to receive high-grade bauxite, medium-grade bauxite and low-grade bauxite mined from each ore chamber, realizing separate mining, separate storage and unified transportation.

[0025] The ore pass body 1 is constructed from C35-C40 reinforced concrete and has a cylindrical cavity structure. The inner wall of the ore pass body 1 is lined with 15-20mm thick NM450 wear-resistant steel plates. The plates are anchored to the inner wall of the ore pass using M20 high-strength bolts with a bolt spacing of 300-350mm to ensure that the plates do not fall off under the impact of ore. It should be noted that C35-C40 concrete is used for the ore pass body 1 to meet the load-bearing requirements underground, while the NM450 wear-resistant steel plates can effectively resist the wear of the well wall caused by long-term impact of ore and extend the service life of the ore pass.

[0026] The ore pass 1 is radially divided into three independent chambers: a high-grade ore chamber 2, a medium-grade ore chamber 3, and a low-grade ore chamber 4. Initially, the volume ratio of the three chambers is 1:1:1. The partition plate 5 of the partition adjustment component is adapted to the inner wall of the ore pass 1. It is made of Q690 high-strength wear-resistant steel with a thickness of 18-22mm. The outer side is attached to the inner wall of the ore pass, and the inner side is connected to the central support column 9 through a rotating connector and has a certain thickness of nitrile rubber buffer layer attached. A set of double-acting hydraulic push rods is configured between every two partition plates 5. The hydraulic push rod has a stroke of 1.2-1.5m and a rated thrust of 15-20kN. The push rod integrates a displacement sensor 7 with an accuracy of ±1mm. The displacement data is transmitted to the central control scheduling module 13 in real time via a wired cable. The sealing element 8 is an elastic wear-resistant rubber strip with a cross-sectional size of 6-8mm. It is fixed to the edge of the partition plate 5 with countersunk screws and fits tightly to the inner wall of the ore pass 1 after installation. It should be noted that the nitrile rubber buffer layer on the inner side of the partition plate 5 can buffer the direct impact of the ore on the partition plate 5 and prevent the partition plate 5 from deforming; the linkage design between the displacement sensor 7 and the central control scheduling module 13 can realize the precise control of the position of the partition plate 5, thereby ensuring the accuracy of cavity volume adjustment and meeting the adaptation needs of ore production fluctuations in different mines; the elastic wear-resistant rubber strip can effectively prevent ore particles in different cavities from moving around and ensure the independence of each cavity.

[0027] The central support column 9 is made of φ300mm seamless steel pipe, with a length consistent with the height of the ore pass body 1. Both ends pass through the matching holes at the center of the upper receiving gate 10 and the lower ore exit gate 11, respectively. It is fixed to the gate structure by a flange. A rubber sealing gasket is set on the contact surface between the flange and the gate to ensure the stability of the support and prevent ore from leaking out from the gap.

[0028] The upper receiving gate 10 is a disc-shaped structure coaxial with the ore pass, consisting of three sector-shaped receiving gate plates. Each gate plate corresponds to a grade cavity and is made of NM450 wear-resistant steel with a plate thickness of 20mm. The inner side of the gate plate is hinged to the top of the central support column 9 via a rotating hinge seat, and the edge is embedded in the gate plate groove in the ore pass wall. The groove is coated with grease to reduce opening and closing friction. Each sector gate plate is equipped with a CDZ100 rotary hydraulic cylinder as the receiving opening and closing drive device 101. The cylinder stroke can drive the gate plate to rotate 0 to 90° around the hinge seat, realizing the complete opening or sealing closure of the upper opening of the cavity. The opening and closing response time is 1 second.

[0029] The ore discharge control assembly includes a lower ore discharge gate 11 and a single ore discharge channel 12. The lower ore discharge gate 11 is symmetrical in structure to the upper ore receiving gate 10. The three fan-shaped ore discharge gates are made of the same material and have the same thickness as the ore receiving gates. The ore discharge opening and closing drive device 111 is a rotary hydraulic cylinder opposite to the ore receiving direction, driving the gates to rotate downwards from 0 to 90 degrees to ensure the smooth falling of ore. The single ore discharge channel 12 is made of welded steel plate, with a 16mm thick NM450 wear-resistant lining plate on the inner wall. Every 500mm along the inner wall of the channel, a 25mm high anti-ore retention protrusion is installed, which is integrally welded to the lining plate to prevent ore from accumulating and blocking the channel.

[0030] The central control and scheduling module 13 uses a Siemens S7-1500 series industrial-grade PLC and connects via wired Ethernet to the hydraulic push rod drive mechanism 6, displacement sensor 7, ore receiving and opening / closing drive device 101, and ore output and opening / closing drive device 111 of each pass. The module incorporates a multi-ore grade priority scheduling algorithm, with a default transportation priority set as high-grade bauxite > medium-grade bauxite > low-grade bauxite. Staff can adjust the priority according to the production plan via a touchscreen or remote mobile terminal. The module can display the cavity volume, ore grade, gate opening / closing status, and mine car location information of each pass in real time. It supports storing nearly 30 days of operating data and can automatically generate daily, weekly, and monthly operating reports. It's worth noting that the remote access function of the central control and scheduling module facilitates real-time monitoring of the underground pass's operating status by management personnel on the surface, while the adjustable priority design enhances production flexibility and ensures efficient matching between mine production and downstream demand. The historical data storage and report generation functions provide data support for subsequent mining plan adjustments and equipment maintenance.

[0031] A method for separate sampling and transportation using the above-mentioned cavity separation device includes the following steps: S1. Complete the installation and commissioning of the corresponding ore pass 1 and supporting components for each ore chamber, ensuring smooth movement of the partition plate 5, flexible opening and closing of the upper and lower gates, and reliable sealing; determine the distribution area and content of high, medium, and low grade bauxite in each ore chamber through geological exploration methods, where high-grade bauxite is defined as Al2O3 content ≥70%, medium-grade as Al2O3 content 50%-70%, and low-grade as Al2O3 content 30%-50%, and the ore hardness is tested on-site using a mining rock hardness tester to be 85MPa, and the hardness of the corresponding ore chamber roof sandstone is 60MPa; set the reference parameters for adjusting the volume of each grade of bauxite according to the estimated output of each grade of bauxite in each ore chamber, with the initial state being that the central angle of the three cavities is 120°; set the reference parameters for adjusting the volume of each grade of cavities, and establish a stable connection between all ore passes and components and the central control scheduling module 13 to ensure real-time data transmission.

[0032] S2. Based on the comparison results that the hardness of the ore is greater than that of the roof, it is determined to adopt the upward mining method of mining the lower layers first. At the same time, according to the distribution area of ​​high, medium and low grade bauxite, independent blocks are divided in the stope. Isolation pillars are reserved between blocks and conventional anchor bolts are used for support to prevent cross-grade bauxite mining and ensure the purity of bauxite grade in each block.

[0033] S3. Simultaneous start of bauxite mining operations in multiple mining blocks: operations are carried out in a pre-set order in single-grade blocks of the target layer within each mining block to avoid mixing of bauxite of different grades due to cross-block operations. During the mining process, the volume of bauxite being mined in the current layer is measured in real time using mining measuring instruments. The bauxite ore quantity data is calculated by combining the conventional density of bauxite and transmitted to the central control and scheduling module 13 in real time to provide a basis for subsequent cavity volume adjustment.

[0034] S4. After receiving the ore quantity data of each ore compartment, the central control and scheduling module 13, based on the correspondence between the rotation angle of the partition plate and the cavity volume, instructs the hydraulic push rod drive mechanism 6 of the corresponding ore pass of each ore compartment to move the partition plates 5 on both sides to adjust the cavity volume to match the current mining grade of each ore compartment. The displacement sensor 7 provides real-time feedback on the rotation angle of the partition plate 5 to ensure that the adjusted cavity volume can adapt to the calculated bauxite ore quantity and meet the temporary storage and transportation needs of bauxite. After the volume adjustment is in place, the central control and scheduling module 13 controls the fan-shaped gate corresponding to the current grade in the ore receiving gate 10 at the top of each ore pass, which is driven by the CDZ100 rotary cylinder to rotate 90° around the rotating hinge seat to open, transporting the mined current grade ore into the corresponding grade ore cavity for storage.

[0035] S5. When the central control scheduling module 13 detects that the cumulative storage of a certain grade of bauxite has reached the preset transportation threshold, it combines the preset bauxite transportation priority, usually in the order of high grade first, medium grade second, and low grade last, and instructs all the ore chutes storing that grade of bauxite to open the lower ore gate 11 of the corresponding cavity. The bauxite falls into the mine car through a single ore outlet channel 12 with wear-resistant protection and anti-stagnation structure on the inner wall. During this process, the lower ore outlet gate 11 of other grade cavities remains closed to avoid mixed transportation of bauxite of different grades.

[0036] S6. After the mining and transportation of the current layer or grade of bauxite is completed, repeat steps S2-S5 to sequentially proceed to the next layer or grade of bauxite for separate mining and transportation until all layers and grades of bauxite in the stope have been processed. After each shift, the central control scheduling module 13 automatically generates reports on the amount of bauxite mined in each stope, the cavity volume adjustment parameters, and the transportation volume of bauxite of each grade, providing data support for bauxite mining production management and subsequent process optimization.

[0037] The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables those skilled in the art to make and use the invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Therefore, the invention is not to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A cavity partitioning device for ore chutes, characterized in that, The ore pass includes a main body (1), and a central support column (9) is provided along the axial direction of the main body (1). The main body (1) is also equipped with a partition adjustment component for adjusting the volume of the cavity, which divides the interior of the main body (1) into three independent cavities: a high-grade ore cavity (2), a medium-grade ore cavity (3), and a low-grade ore cavity (4). The top of the main body (1) is equipped with an upper ore receiving gate (10), and the bottom is equipped with an ore discharge control component. The partition adjustment assembly includes a movable partition plate (5), a hydraulic push rod drive mechanism (6), and a seal (8); there are three partition plates (5), all of which are rotatably connected to the central support column (9). The height of each partition plate (5) is the same as the height of the chute body (1), and the width is the same as the radius of the chute body (1); the hydraulic push rod drive mechanism (6) is connected to the partition plate (5) to drive the partition plate (5) to rotate around the central support column (9) to adjust the size of the chamber; the seal (8) is located on the edge of the partition plate (5), and a displacement sensor (7) is integrated on the hydraulic push rod drive mechanism (6); The upper ore receiving gate (10) includes three sector-shaped ore receiving gates. Each sector-shaped ore receiving gate is hinged to the central support column (9) through a rotating hinge seat. Each sector-shaped ore receiving gate is equipped with an independent ore receiving opening and closing drive device (101) to drive the gate to rotate around the rotating hinge seat to open or close the upper opening of the corresponding cavity. The ore discharge control component includes a lower ore discharge gate (11) corresponding to the three cavities and a single ore discharge channel (12); the lower ore discharge gate (11) includes three ore discharge gates corresponding to the fan-shaped ore receiving gates, each fan-shaped ore discharge gate is hinged to the central support column (9) through a rotating hinge seat, and each fan-shaped ore discharge gate is equipped with an independent ore discharge opening and closing drive device (111); the single ore discharge channel (12) is located below the lower ore discharge gate (11) and is used to collect ore and transport it to the mine car; The central support column (9) is fixed by snapping through the adapter holes opened at the center of the upper ore receiving gate (10) and the lower ore discharge gate (11); The cavity separation device also includes a central control scheduling module (13), which is electrically connected to the ore pass components of all mines and can receive ore grade and cavity storage data of multiple mine passes, control the movement of each pass partition plate (5) and the opening and closing of the upper ore receiving gate (10) and the lower ore exit gate (11).

2. The cavity separation device for ore chutes according to claim 1, characterized in that, The partition plate (5) and the central support column (9) are rotatably connected by a rotating connector. The hydraulic push rod drive mechanism (6) adopts a double-acting hydraulic push rod, with a set configured between every two partition plates (5). The hydraulic push rod drive mechanism (6) integrates a displacement sensor (7), which is linked with the central control scheduling module (13) to realize closed-loop adjustment of the cavity volume, adapting to the production fluctuations of different grades of ore in each mine.

3. A cavity separation device for ore chutes according to claim 1, characterized in that, The receiving ore opening and closing drive device (101) is a rotary hydraulic cylinder that can drive the gate to rotate 0-90° around the rotating hinge seat to realize the opening and closing of the upper opening of the cavity; the ore exiting opening and closing drive device (111) moves in the opposite direction to the receiving ore opening and closing drive device (101), which is to rotate downward 0-90°.

4. A cavity separation device for ore chutes according to claim 1, characterized in that, The inner wall of the single ore outlet channel (12) is lined with wear-resistant steel plates and has protruding ridges to prevent ore from getting stuck.

5. A cavity separation device for ore chutes according to claim 1, characterized in that, The central control and scheduling module (13) adopts an industrial-grade PLC controller.

6. A method for separate mining and transportation using the cavity separation device for ore chutes according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Complete the installation and commissioning of the cavity separation device and supporting components. Determine the distribution area and content of high, medium and low grade ore in each mine through geological exploration. Detect the hardness of the ore and the hardness of the corresponding mine roof. Set the adjustment benchmark parameters of the cavity volume of each grade. Establish a connection between all chutes and the central control scheduling module (13). S2. Determine the stratified mining sequence based on the comparison between ore hardness and roof hardness. If the ore hardness is greater than the roof hardness, adopt the upward mining method of first mining the lower layers; if the ore hardness is less than the roof hardness, adopt the downward mining method of first mining the upper layers. At the same time, divide the ore into independent blocks within the stope according to the distribution areas of high, medium and low grade ore to avoid cross-grade block mining. S3. Multi-room mining operation starts, and the target layer single-grade block is operated in the mining room in a determined order. During the mining process, the volume of the ore being mined in the current layer is measured in real time by mining measuring instruments, and the ore quantity data is converted by combining the ore density, and the data is transmitted to the central control and scheduling module (13). S4. The central control scheduling module (13) instructs the hydraulic push rod drive mechanism (6) of the corresponding ore pass to move the partition plate (5) to adjust the cavity volume to match the current mining grade, so that the cavity volume is adapted to the calculated ore quantity to meet the storage and transportation needs; after the volume is adjusted to the right, the upper ore receiving gate (10) of the corresponding grade is opened, so that the single grade ore of the current layer is transported into the cavity with the appropriate volume for storage. S5. When the central control scheduling module (13) detects that the cumulative storage amount of a certain grade of ore has reached the preset transportation threshold, it combines the preset transportation priority and instructs all the ore storage chutes of that grade to open the lower ore discharge gate (11) of the corresponding cavity, and the ore falls into the mine car through a single ore discharge channel (12); the lower ore discharge gate (11) of other grade cavities remains closed to avoid mixed transportation. S6. After the mining and transportation of the ore of the current layer grade is completed, repeat steps S2-S5 to enter the next layer or the next grade of sub-mining and sub-transporting operation until all layers and all grades of ore in the mine are processed; after each shift, the central control scheduling module (13) automatically generates reports on the mining volume of each mine layer, the cavity volume adjustment parameters and the transportation volume of each grade of ore.

7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that, In step S4, the effective volume of the adjusted cavity is greater than or equal to the volume corresponding to the calculated ore quantity. During the volume adjustment process, the displacement sensor (7) provides real-time feedback on the position data of the partition plate (5), and the central control scheduling module (13) controls the hydraulic push rod drive mechanism (6) to start and stop according to the data closed loop to ensure the accuracy of volume adjustment.

8. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that, In step S5, the preset transportation priority is dynamically adjusted according to the production plan. If the downstream concentrator needs to prioritize the processing of low-grade ore, the central control scheduling module (13) will switch the transportation priority to low-grade ore priority and prioritize the unified transportation of low-grade ore from all mine chutes.

9. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that, In step S5, if the storage capacity of a certain cavity of a mine chute reaches the volume threshold, the central control scheduling module (13) triggers a full warehouse warning and prioritizes the transportation of the corresponding grade ore from the mine chute.

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