Wind power foundation cooling water pipe annular arrangement mode based on temperature field simulation

Abstract

The invention discloses a wind power foundation cooling water pipe annular arrangement mode based on temperature field simulation, and aims to solve the problems that existing cooling water pipe arrangement is poor in adaptation to a circular-truncated-cone-shaped wind power foundation, heat dissipation is low in efficiency, dynamic regulation and control are lacked, and temperature cracks are likely to be caused. According to the mode, a wind power foundation three-dimensional thermodynamic model is built through finite element software, a temperature field is simulated, an annular water pipe path is topologically optimized, water pipes are arranged in a layered mode, pipes are selected according to temperature area differentiation, and real-time monitoring and regulation are achieved in cooperation with a Pt100 sensor and a central control system. The device can stably control the internal and external temperature difference of the concrete within + / -2 DEG C, improves the cooling efficiency, reduces the construction and operation cost, and can also be popularized to temperature control of other mass concrete structures such as bridge bearing platforms.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of wind power equipment cooling, in particular to a wind power foundation cooling water pipe ring arrangement method based on temperature field simulation. BACKGROUND

[0002] The wind power foundation is a mass concrete structure, and a large amount of heat is released after pouring to form a significant temperature difference between the inside and the surface, that is, high temperature inside and low temperature on the surface. When the temperature difference exceeds the concrete cracking threshold of 25-30℃, temperature stress cracks are easily induced, which reduces the strength and durability of the foundation and even threatens the safe operation of the unit. The current mainstream temperature control means is to pre-bury cooling water pipes to dissipate heat.

[0003] However, the existing arrangement methods such as the serpentine, cross-shaped and plum blossom-shaped methods are not suitable for the circular truncated cone characteristics and temperature field distribution of the wind power foundation, and have the following obvious defects: 1. The path is linearized, which cannot match the temperature gradient of the circular truncated cone foundation with high core and low surface. The heat dissipation of the high temperature core area is insufficient, and additional measures such as pre-cooling and prolonged curing are required, which increases the cost and reduces the efficiency, and is also prone to displacement due to pouring impact; 2. The grid structure has poor adaptability to the circular truncated cone, and cooling dead angles are easily formed on the side surface. In addition, the positioning accuracy of the intersection nodes is high, and the construction is complex; 3. The pipe material usage is 20%-30% more than that of the serpentine method, the cost is high, the pipe angle and intersection point need to be accurately calculated, and the installation efficiency is low.

[0004] In addition, the existing system also has the following shortcomings: lack of temperature field simulation support, relying on experience design; poor sealing and simple fixation of the pipe connection, prone to water leakage or displacement; no real-time temperature monitoring and dynamic control, temperature difference abnormal response lag; single pipe material selection, no differentiated design for temperature difference areas, and heat exchange efficiency is only 60%-70% of the ideal value. SUMMARY

[0005] In view of the problems mentioned in the prior art, the existing cooling water pipe arrangement method cannot meet the high-precision and low-cost temperature control requirements of the wind power foundation, and a scientific arrangement scheme based on temperature field simulation is urgently needed to solve the temperature crack prevention and control problem.

[0006] To solve the above technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the present application is: A wind power foundation cooling water pipe ring arrangement method based on temperature field simulation, which comprises the following steps: S1, a three-dimensional thermodynamic model of the wind power foundation is constructed based on a finite element analysis software, and environmental parameters and material properties are input; a temperature field cloud picture is generated by numerically solving the non-steady-state heat conduction equation; isotherms are extracted and heat stress sensitive areas are identified; topological optimization is performed in combination with cement hydration heat and cooling water pipe heat dissipation to plan the optimal arrangement path of the ring-shaped cooling water pipe; S2. According to the optimal path planned in step S1, annular cooling water pipes are arranged in multiple layers inside the frustum-shaped wind turbine foundation. The cooling water pipes are connected by heat fusion and firmly fixed. S3. Temperature sensors are installed at the inlet and outlet of the cooling water pipes, radiators are arranged outside the cooling water pipes, and a connection is established with the central control system for real-time monitoring and dynamic adjustment.

[0007] In the preferred embodiment, step S1, the temperature field simulation and path planning specifically includes: S1.1 Input the base wind speed, ambient temperature and humidity, and solar radiation intensity as environmental parameters, and input the thermal conductivity and nonlinear thermal expansion coefficient of concrete and steel as material properties. S1.2 Solve the unsteady heat conduction equation using the implicit difference algorithm to generate a four-dimensional temperature field cloud map and extract isotherm clusters at 1℃ intervals; S1.3 Identify thermal stress-sensitive areas where the temperature gradient change rate exceeds 5℃ / m; S1.4. The Delaunay triangulation algorithm is used to discretize the dense isotherm region. Topology optimization is used to ensure that the planned annular cooling water pipe can cover the heat exchange interface of at least 3 isotherms per meter.

[0008] In the preferred embodiment, in step S2, the cooling water pipes are arranged in four layers, specifically as follows: The first layer of cooling water pipes is 0.5m from the bottom of the foundation and adopts a 4-in-4-out loop layout. The lengths of the single loops from the inside to the outside are 246.73m, 213.08m, 232.39m and 214.11m respectively. The second layer of cooling water pipes is 1.0m away from the first layer, and adopts a 2-in-2-out loop layout. The lengths of the single loops from the inside to the outside are 246.73m and 272m respectively. The third layer of cooling water pipes is 1.0m away from the second layer, and adopts a 2-in-2-out loop layout. The lengths of the single loops from the inside to the outside are 207m and 99m respectively.

[0009] In a preferred embodiment, the cooling water pipe has a diameter of 32mm and an inner diameter of 37mm; the horizontal spacing between the cooling water pipes of each layer on the plane is 1.0m, and the distance between the outermost water pipe and the side edge of the foundation is 1.5m. The cooling water pipe has a thermal conductivity greater than 1.6 kJ / (m·h·℃) and a pressure resistance greater than 1 MPa.

[0010] In the preferred embodiment, in step S2, differentiated pipe arrangements are made based on the temperature field simulation results: S2.1 In the core temperature control area where the isotherm spacing is less than 0.3m, 316L stainless steel reinforced heat exchange tube sections with a pitch of 0.5m are used. S2.2 In transition areas where the isotherm spacing is greater than or equal to 0.3m, HDPE energy-saving pipe sections with a pitch of 1.2m shall be used; S2.3 This arrangement keeps the Reynolds number of the cooling water in the pipe in a turbulent state of 3000-5000.

[0011] In the preferred embodiment, in step S2, the cooling water pipe is installed and fixed in the following manner: 6.1 The cooling water pipes are connected by heat fusion, and the joints are fitted with rubber sleeves and sealed with four iron wires in a staggered manner. 6.2. Support ribs shall be installed at the bottom of the cooling water pipes for support, with the spacing of the support ribs being 1.0m*1.5m. 6.3 The spacing between the pre-buried iron pipes used for centralized water supply shall be greater than 0.5m, and the distance between them and the template shall be greater than 0.5m.

[0012] In the preferred embodiment, step S2 also includes setting up a flow distribution system: the cooling water pipes of each layer are branched off from the main inlet by a water distributor, and independent control water valves and pressure reducing valves are set on the water distributor for each loop to achieve precise layered control of the cooling water flow of each layer.

[0013] In the preferred embodiment, step S3 specifically includes the monitoring and control system comprising: 8.1 The temperature sensor is a Pt100 digital temperature sensor, which is connected to the central control system via wireless communication; 8.2 The central control system collects and analyzes the water temperature data of the inlet and outlet in real time. When the internal and external temperature difference exceeds the threshold of ±2℃, it automatically triggers an alarm and starts the radiator. 8.3 The radiator is made of 6063-T5 aluminum alloy with anodized treatment, has an interlaced fin design, and is tightly attached to the surface of the cooling water pipe with thermal grease.

[0014] In the preferred embodiment, after the cooling water pipes are arranged in a ring, during the operation phase: After the concrete is poured but before the temperature peak is reached, cooling water is introduced at the maximum flow rate to reduce the temperature peak. After the temperature peak, the system switches to circulating water for cooling. By adjusting the inlet water temperature, the temperature difference between the inside and outside of the concrete is controlled within ±2℃, so that the overall cooling efficiency reaches more than 92%.

[0015] In the preferred embodiment, the specific steps of discretizing the dense isotherm region using the Delaunay triangulation algorithm and planning the path through topology optimization include: S1.4.1. Rasterize the dense isotherm regions in the temperature field cloud map, setting the raster resolution to 0.1m × 0.1m. Extract the three-dimensional coordinate data of each isotherm to form an isotherm set I = {I1, I2, ..., I...} k}, where I i Let be the sequence of coordinate points of the i-th isotherm; S1.4.2, at each isotherm I i Sampling points are collected uniformly at arc length intervals of 0.5m to generate a discrete point set P = {p1, p2, ..., p...}. n}, where p i = (x i ,y i , z i ), x i y i z i These are the three-dimensional spatial coordinates, and n is the total number of sampling points; S1.4.3. Based on the point set P, perform 3D Delaunay triangulation, satisfying the maximum and minimum angle criterion and the empty sphere property, i.e., the circumsphere of any tetrahedral element does not contain other discrete points, to generate a triangulated mesh T = {T1,T2, ...,T...}. m}, where T j For the j-th tetrahedral element; S1.4.4, Constructing a topology optimization model: Objective function of the topology optimization model: min F = ω1·L + ω2·(1 / η) + ω3·D; In the formula, L is the total length of the cooling water pipe (m), η is the isotherm coverage (η = C / L, where C is the number of isotherms covered by the water pipe), and D is the total curvature of the water pipe path (m). -1 ), ω1, ω2, ω3 are weighting coefficients and ω1+ω2+ω3=1; Constraints of the topology optimization model: η ≥ 3 lines / m (number of isothermal lines per linear meter); The radial distance between adjacent annular water pipes is ≥1.0m; Water pipe path curvature radius ≥ 5m; The water pipe should be at least 1.5m away from the side edge of the foundation. S1.4.5. The improved particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is used to solve the above model. The particle swarm is initialized as a random circular path. The particle position is updated iteratively by the fitness function F. The calculation stops when the F value fluctuates ≤0.01 in 50 consecutive iterations. The optimal circular arrangement path is output. S1.4.6. The optimized path is fitted with a B-spline curve to eliminate local inflection points and ensure the continuity and feasibility of water pipe laying.

[0016] A ring-shaped arrangement of cooling water pipes for wind turbine foundations based on temperature field simulation has the following beneficial effects: 1. Using finite element simulation as the core, a three-dimensional thermodynamic model is constructed and a temperature field cloud map is generated. Combined with topology optimization algorithm, the path of the ring water pipe is planned to ensure that the water pipe covers the high-temperature area as needed. At the same time, the heat dissipation needs of different temperature areas are adapted to the different pipe material layouts, so as to achieve precise control of "efficient heat dissipation in high-temperature areas and reasonable configuration in low-temperature areas". This balances the temperature field of concrete from the root, avoids temperature stress cracks caused by excessive internal and external temperature differences, and ensures the strength and durability of the foundation structure. 2. By optimizing the topology, water pipe routes can be planned on demand, reducing unnecessary pipe material consumption; simplifying the layout and installation process of water pipes, adopting standardized connection and fixing methods, eliminating the need for complex positioning tools, and reducing the difficulty of construction operations; at the same time, there is no need to add auxiliary measures such as concrete pre-cooling and extended curing, which reduces material and labor costs, shortens the construction cycle, and improves the overall construction efficiency. 3. The integrated temperature sensor and central control system monitor water temperature changes in real time and automatically trigger regulation, eliminating the need for frequent manual inspections and adjustments, thus reducing maintenance workload; during operation, the dynamic water flow strategy avoids secondary stress caused by excessively rapid cooling of concrete, ensuring long-term stable bearing capacity of the wind power foundation and extending the safe operating life of the unit. 4. The core design logic is not limited to frustum-shaped wind power foundations. By adjusting the model parameters, it can be directly applied to the temperature control of other large-volume concrete structures such as bridge abutments, nuclear power foundations, and water conservancy hub piers. The technical framework has strong versatility and high industrialization value. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the staggered binding of the cooling water pipe wires according to the present invention; Figure 2 This is a plan view of the first layer of cooling water pipes; Figure 3 This is a plan view of the second layer of cooling water pipes; Figure 4 This is a plan view of the third layer of cooling water pipes; Figure 5 This is a plan view of the fourth layer of cooling water pipes; Figure 6AA section view of the cooling water pipe layout; Figure 7 BB cross-sectional view of the cooling water pipe layout. Detailed Implementation

[0018] Example 1: 1.5MW wind power foundation in temperate plains (conventional environment scenario); This embodiment is applied to the temperate plains region of North China. The wind power foundation is a standard frustum structure. The construction environment temperature is 20±5℃, the average wind speed is 3-6m / s, and the relative humidity is 55-65%. There are no special extreme environmental influences. The focus is on verifying the conventional applicability of the technical solution. S1. Temperature Field Simulation and Path Planning: S1.1. Using finite element analysis software, such as Midas FEA, construct a three-dimensional thermodynamic model of the wind turbine foundation. The model dimensions are set as follows: upper base diameter 6m, lower base diameter 12m, and height 3m. Input environmental parameters include foundation wind speed 5m / s, ambient temperature and humidity 60%, and solar radiation intensity 900W / m². Input material properties include concrete thermal conductivity 1.8kJ / (m·h·℃), steel reinforcement thermal conductivity 58.2kJ / (m·h·℃), and the nonlinear thermal expansion coefficient of concrete is set according to ASTM standards. S1.2. The unsteady-state heat conduction equation is solved using an implicit difference algorithm. The calculation time is set to 72 hours to cover the peak temperature cycle of concrete, generating a four-dimensional temperature field cloud map. Isotherm clusters with 1℃ intervals are extracted to identify thermal stress sensitive areas with a temperature gradient change rate exceeding 5℃ / m. These areas are mainly concentrated within a 2-4m radius of the foundation core. S1.3. For the core sensitive area, i.e., the area with isotherm spacing < 0.3m, the Delaunay triangulation algorithm is used for discretization. First, rasterization is performed with a raster precision of 0.1m × 0.1m. The three-dimensional coordinates of each isotherm are extracted to form set I, and then discrete point set P is collected at 0.5m arc length intervals. Based on point set P, three-dimensional Delaunay triangulation is performed. The triangulation process satisfies the empty sphere property to generate a triangulated mesh. A topology optimization model is constructed with the objective function min F = ω1·L + ω2·(1 / η) + ω3·D, where ω1 takes the value of 0.3, ω2 takes the value of 0.5, and ω3 takes the value of 0.2. Constraints include η ≥ 3 pipes / m and the spacing between adjacent water pipes ≥ 1.0m. An improved particle swarm optimization algorithm is used for iterative solution. The calculation stops when the F value fluctuates ≤ 0.01 for 50 consecutive generations. Finally, the optimal layout path of the four-layer annular cooling water pipes is output to ensure that each meter of water pipe covers at least 3 isotherms. S2. Layered layout and installation of cooling water pipes: S2.1 The ring-shaped cooling water pipes are arranged in four layers strictly according to the planned path. The first layer is 0.5m from the bottom surface of the foundation, using a 4-inlet, 4-outlet loop, with single-loop lengths of 246.73m, 213.08m, 232.39m, and 214.11m from the inside to the outside. The second layer is 1.0m from the first layer, using a 2-inlet, 2-outlet loop, with single-loop lengths of 246.73m and 272m respectively. The third layer is 1.0m from the second layer, using a 2-inlet, 2-outlet loop, with single-loop lengths of 207m and 99m respectively. The fourth layer is 1.5m from the top surface of the foundation, using a 1-inlet, 1-outlet loop, with a single-loop length of 150m. All water pipes have a diameter of 32mm and an inner diameter of 37mm, with a horizontal spacing of 1.0m. The outermost water pipe is 1.5m from the side edge of the foundation, and the water pipes have a thermal conductivity > 1.6kJ / (m·h·℃) and a pressure resistance > 1MPa. S2.2 The core temperature control zone, i.e. the area where the isotherm spacing is <0.3m, uses 316L stainless steel reinforced heat exchange tubes with a pitch of 0.5m; the transition zone, i.e. the area where the isotherm spacing is ≥0.3m, uses HDPE energy-saving tubes with a pitch of 1.2m to ensure that the cooling water Reynolds number is maintained in a turbulent state of 3000-5000. S2.3. Water pipes are connected by heat fusion, with rubber sleeves at the joints and sealed with four staggered iron wires. Supporting ribs are installed at the bottom of the water pipes, with a spacing of 1.0m × 1.5m. Embedded iron pipes are spaced >0.5m apart and >0.5m from the formwork. A flow distribution system is also installed, distributing water pipes to each floor via a manifold. The manifold is equipped with independent control valves and pressure reducing valves to achieve precise flow control at each floor level. S3. Monitoring and Operation Control: S3.1. Install one Pt100 digital temperature sensor at each water pipe inlet and outlet. The sensors are connected to the central control system via LoRa wireless communication to upload water temperature data in real time. Anodized 6063-T5 aluminum alloy radiators are attached to the outside of the cooling water pipes. These radiators feature a staggered fin design and the contact surfaces are coated with thermal grease. S3.2 From the time the concrete is poured until the temperature peak (approximately 24-48 hours after pouring), maximum flow of cooling water is introduced to quickly reduce the peak temperature rise. After the temperature peak, the system switches to circulating water cooling, dynamically adjusting the inlet water temperature through a central control system. When the internal and external temperature difference exceeds ±2℃, the system automatically triggers an alarm and activates the radiators. Ultimately, the internal and external temperature difference of the concrete is stably controlled within ±2℃, with an overall cooling efficiency exceeding 92%.

[0019] Example 2: 2.0MW wind power foundation in high-altitude and cold mountainous areas (low temperature and high wind scenario); This embodiment is applied to the high-altitude and cold mountainous areas of Northwest China, with an ambient temperature of -5 to 15℃, and the lowest winter temperature can reach -15℃. The average wind speed is 6-10 m / s. The wind power foundation has an upper diameter of 7m, a lower diameter of 14m, and a height of 3.5m. The key issues to be addressed are low-temperature frost heave and uneven heat dissipation in strong winds, demonstrating the adaptability of the technical solution to extreme environments. S1. Temperature Field Simulation and Path Planning: S1.1 The dimensions of the three-dimensional thermodynamic model are adjusted according to the basic design. When inputting environmental parameters, a low-temperature correction coefficient is added. At this time, the thermal conductivity of concrete is reduced by 10%, the surface convective heat transfer coefficient is increased by 15%, the wind speed is input at 8m / s, and the solar radiation intensity is input at 800W / m². This value takes into account the characteristics of weak solar radiation in mountainous areas. S1.2 When solving the unsteady-state heat conduction equation, the focus is on simulating the temperature difference amplification effect of "external low temperature and internal high temperature," thus expanding the range of the identified thermal stress-sensitive area, where the isotherm spacing is <0.4m. During topology optimization, anti-freezing constraints are added, meaning the water pipe path avoids the frost heave risk zone within 1m of the foundation edge, and the water pipe density in the core area is increased by 10% compared to Example 1. S2. Layered layout and installation of cooling water pipes: S2.1 The layer spacing is the same as in Example 1, except that the distance from the fourth layer to the top surface of the foundation is adjusted to 1.2m to reduce the impact of the low temperature at the top on the internal temperature field of the foundation. The HDPE pipes in the transition area are selected with low temperature resistance and can remain non-brittle in an environment of -20℃; all pre-embedded iron pipes are wrapped with 50mm thick polyurethane insulation cotton to prevent the pipes from freezing and cracking. S2.2 The spacing of the support reinforcement bars is adjusted to 0.8m × 1.2m to increase the fixing strength and prevent pipe shrinkage and displacement caused by low temperature. The rubber sleeves at the water pipe connections are made of cold-resistant nitrile rubber, and the iron wire is made of galvanized anti-rust iron wire to prevent low-temperature corrosion and breakage. S3. Monitoring and Operation Control: The S3.1 and Pt100 sensor housings are fitted with polytetrafluoroethylene insulation covers, and the central control system is equipped with a low temperature warning module. When the ambient temperature is < -5℃, the water pipe heating device is automatically activated to prevent water from accumulating and freezing inside the pipes. S3.2 The maximum flow rate before the temperature peak is extended to 72 hours because the concrete temperature peak occurs later in cold environments. After the temperature peak, the cooling rate is controlled within 0.5℃ / h to avoid cracking caused by a sudden increase in temperature difference. The circulating water adopts a warm water circulation method, and the inlet water temperature is controlled at 5-8℃ to prevent excessive temperature difference between the inside and outside of the pipe due to low temperature water.

[0020] Example 3: Coastal high humidity 3.0MW wind power foundation (high humidity corrosion scenario); This embodiment is applied to the southeast coastal area, where the ambient temperature is 25±3℃, the relative humidity is 75-85%, typhoons are common in summer with instantaneous wind speeds >15m / s, and the seawater has a high salinity. The wind power foundation has an upper diameter of 8m, a lower diameter of 16m, and a height of 4m. The key issues to be addressed are high humidity corrosion and construction stability during typhoons, demonstrating the adaptability of the technical solution to highly corrosive environments. S1. Temperature Field Simulation and Path Planning: S1.1 When inputting environmental parameters, a high humidity correction coefficient is added. In this scenario, the radiative heat transfer coefficient of the concrete surface decreases by 5%, and the release rate of cement hydration heat increases by 8%. The relative humidity is input as 80%. Considering that temporary work stoppages may occur during typhoon season, the wind speed is input as an average wind speed of 6 m / s. The temperature field simulation focuses on the phenomenon of reduced surface heat dissipation caused by high humidity. The isotherms are denser in the core sensitive area, and the isotherm spacing in this area is <0.25m. During topology optimization, the water pipe density in the core area is increased by 15% compared to Example 1. S2. Layered layout and installation of cooling water pipes: S2.1 All exposed pipes, including manifolds, valves, and sensor junction boxes, are made of 316L stainless steel to resist salt spray corrosion; the HDPE pipes in the transition area are selected to be UV-resistant. The distance between the embedded iron pipes and the formwork is adjusted to 0.8m, and the thickness of the concrete protective layer is increased to prevent seawater penetration and corrosion of the pipes. The rubber sleeves at the water pipe connections are made of salt spray-resistant EPDM rubber, and the iron wire is made of 304 stainless steel wire. S2.2 The reinforcing bars are welded and fixed to the main reinforcement bars of the foundation, rather than tied. During the typhoon season, the lower water pipes are installed first and a 500mm thick concrete is poured for fixation before the upper water pipes are installed to avoid the pipes shifting due to the typhoon. S3. Monitoring and Operation Control: S3.1 The sensor adopts an IP68 waterproof sealing design. The central control system adds a water quality monitoring module to regularly detect the salt content of the circulating water. When the salt content exceeds 500mg / L, the cooling water is replaced. S3.2 After the temperature peak, a low-flow, high-frequency circulation strategy is adopted, with the flow rate reduced by 20% and the circulation frequency increased by 30% compared to Example 1, in order to balance heat dissipation efficiency and pipeline corrosion protection requirements. The radiator surface is cleaned monthly to remove salt spray deposits and ensure heat dissipation effect.

[0021] Summary of Examples: The above three examples cover three typical wind power foundation application scenarios: "normal environment, low temperature and high wind, and high humidity and corrosion." All three examples achieved efficient temperature control through the core technology process of this invention, verifying the following: 1. The core processes—simulation, layout, and monitoring—remain unchanged; only parameter adjustments are needed to adapt to different scenarios; 2. Regardless of the scenario, the temperature difference between the inside and outside of the concrete can be controlled within ±2℃, achieving the required cooling efficiency; 3. The installation and operation strategies are optimized for specific scenarios, balancing construction feasibility and long-term stability, meeting actual engineering needs.

[0022] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above, and that the invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from its spirit or essential characteristics. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered in all respects as exemplary and non-limiting, and the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description. Thus, all variations falling within the meaning and scope of equivalents of the claims are intended to be included within the present invention; no reference numerals in the claims should be construed as limiting the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A ring-shaped arrangement of cooling water pipes for wind turbine foundations based on temperature field simulation, characterized in that, This arrangement includes the following steps: S1. Construct a three-dimensional thermodynamic model of the wind power foundation based on finite element analysis software, inputting environmental parameters and material properties; generate a temperature field cloud map by numerically solving the unsteady heat conduction equation; extract isotherms and identify thermal stress-sensitive areas; perform topology optimization by combining cement hydration heat and cooling water pipe heat dissipation, and plan the optimal layout path of the ring cooling water pipe. S2. According to the optimal path planned in step S1, annular cooling water pipes are arranged in multiple layers inside the frustum-shaped wind turbine foundation. The cooling water pipes are connected by heat fusion and firmly fixed. S3. Temperature sensors are installed at the inlet and outlet of the cooling water pipes, radiators are arranged outside the cooling water pipes, and a connection is established with the central control system for real-time monitoring and dynamic adjustment.

2. The ring-shaped arrangement of cooling water pipes for wind turbine foundations based on temperature field simulation as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In step S1, the temperature field simulation and path planning specifically include: S1.1 Input the base wind speed, ambient temperature and humidity, and solar radiation intensity as environmental parameters, and input the thermal conductivity and nonlinear thermal expansion coefficient of concrete and steel as material properties. S1.2 Solve the unsteady heat conduction equation using the implicit difference algorithm to generate a four-dimensional temperature field cloud map and extract isotherm clusters at 1℃ intervals; S1.3 Identify thermal stress-sensitive areas where the temperature gradient change rate exceeds 5℃ / m; S1.

4. The Delaunay triangulation algorithm is used to discretize the dense isotherm region. Topology optimization is used to ensure that the planned annular cooling water pipe can cover the heat exchange interface of at least 3 isotherms per meter.

3. The ring-shaped arrangement of cooling water pipes for wind turbine foundations based on temperature field simulation as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In step S2, the cooling water pipes are arranged in four layers, specifically: The first layer of cooling water pipes is 0.5m from the bottom of the foundation and adopts a 4-in-4-out loop layout. The lengths of the single loops from the inside to the outside are 246.73m, 213.08m, 232.39m and 214.11m respectively. The second layer of cooling water pipes is 1.0m away from the first layer, and adopts a 2-in-2-out loop layout. The lengths of the single loops from the inside to the outside are 246.73m and 272m respectively. The third layer of cooling water pipes is 1.0m away from the second layer, and adopts a 2-in-2-out loop layout. The lengths of the single loops from the inside to the outside are 207m and 99m respectively.

4. The ring-shaped arrangement of cooling water pipes for wind turbine foundations based on temperature field simulation as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The cooling water pipe has a diameter of 32mm and an inner diameter of 37mm; the horizontal spacing between the cooling water pipes of each layer on the plane is 1.0m, and the distance between the outermost water pipe and the side edge of the foundation is 1.5m. The cooling water pipe has a thermal conductivity greater than 1.6 kJ / (m·h·℃) and a pressure resistance greater than 1 MPa.

5. The ring-shaped arrangement of cooling water pipes for wind turbine foundations based on temperature field simulation according to claim 1 or 4, characterized in that, In step S2, differentiated pipe arrangements are made based on the temperature field simulation results: S2.1 In the core temperature control area where the isotherm spacing is less than 0.3m, 316L stainless steel reinforced heat exchange tube sections with a pitch of 0.5m are used. S2.2 In transition areas where the isotherm spacing is greater than or equal to 0.3m, HDPE energy-saving pipe sections with a pitch of 1.2m shall be used; S2.3 This arrangement keeps the Reynolds number of the cooling water in the pipe in a turbulent state of 3000-5000.

6. The ring-shaped arrangement of cooling water pipes for wind turbine foundations based on temperature field simulation according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S2, the cooling water pipe is installed and fixed in the following way: 6.1 The cooling water pipes are connected by heat fusion, and the joints are fitted with rubber sleeves and sealed with four iron wires in a staggered manner. 6.

2. Support ribs shall be installed at the bottom of the cooling water pipes for support, with the spacing of the support ribs being 1.0m*1.5m. 6.3 The spacing between the pre-buried iron pipes used for centralized water supply shall be greater than 0.5m, and the distance between them and the template shall be greater than 0.5m.

7. The ring-shaped arrangement of cooling water pipes for wind turbine foundations based on temperature field simulation according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step S2 also includes the setting of a flow distribution system: the cooling water pipes of each layer are branched off from the main inlet by a water distributor, and independent control water valves and pressure reducing valves are set on the water distributor for each circuit to achieve precise stratified control of the cooling water flow of each layer.

8. The ring-shaped arrangement of cooling water pipes for wind turbine foundations based on temperature field simulation according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S3, the monitoring and control system specifically includes: 8.1 The temperature sensor is a Pt100 digital temperature sensor, which is connected to the central control system via wireless communication; 8.2 The central control system collects and analyzes the water temperature data of the inlet and outlet in real time. When the internal and external temperature difference exceeds the threshold of ±2℃, it automatically triggers an alarm and starts the radiator. 8.3 The radiator is made of 6063-T5 aluminum alloy with anodized treatment, has an interlaced fin design, and is tightly attached to the surface of the cooling water pipe with thermal grease.

9. The ring-shaped arrangement of cooling water pipes for wind turbine foundations based on temperature field simulation according to claim 1, characterized in that, After the cooling water pipes are arranged in a ring, during operation: After the concrete is poured but before the temperature peak is reached, cooling water is introduced at the maximum flow rate to reduce the temperature peak. After the temperature peak, the system switches to circulating water for cooling. By adjusting the inlet water temperature, the temperature difference between the inside and outside of the concrete is controlled within ±2℃, so that the overall cooling efficiency reaches more than 92%.

10. The ring-shaped arrangement of cooling water pipes for wind turbine foundations based on temperature field simulation according to claim 2, characterized in that, The specific steps for discretizing dense isotherm regions using the Delaunay triangulation algorithm and planning paths through topology optimization include: S1.4.

1. Rasterize the dense isotherm regions in the temperature field cloud map, setting the raster resolution to 0.1m × 0.1m. Extract the three-dimensional coordinate data of each isotherm to form an isotherm set I = {I1, I2, ..., I...} k }, where I i Let be the sequence of coordinate points of the i-th isotherm; S1.4.2, at each isotherm I i Sampling points are collected uniformly at arc length intervals of 0.5m to generate a discrete point set P = {p1,p2,...,p}. n }, where p i = (x i ,y i , z i ), x i y i z i These are the three-dimensional spatial coordinates, and n is the total number of sampling points; S1.4.

3. Based on the point set P, perform 3D Delaunay triangulation, satisfying the maximum and minimum angle criterion and the empty sphere property, i.e., the circumsphere of any tetrahedral element does not contain other discrete points, to generate a triangulated mesh T = {T1,T2, ...,T...}. m }, where T j For the j-th tetrahedral element; S1.4.4, Constructing a topology optimization model: Objective function of the topology optimization model: min F = ω1·L + ω2·(1 / η) + ω3·D; In the formula, L is the total length of the cooling water pipe (m), η is the isotherm coverage (η = C / L, where C is the number of isotherms covered by the water pipe), and D is the total curvature of the water pipe path (m). -1 ), ω1, ω2, ω3 are weighting coefficients and ω1+ω2+ω3=1; Constraints of the topology optimization model: η ≥ 3 lines / m (number of isothermal lines per linear meter); The radial distance between adjacent annular water pipes is ≥1.0m; Water pipe path curvature radius ≥ 5m; The water pipe should be at least 1.5m away from the side edge of the foundation. S1.4.

5. The improved particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is used to solve the above model. The particle swarm is initialized as a random circular path. The particle position is updated iteratively by the fitness function F. The calculation stops when the F value fluctuates ≤0.01 in 50 consecutive iterations. The optimal circular arrangement path is output. S1.4.

6. The optimized path is fitted with a B-spline curve to eliminate local inflection points and ensure the continuity and feasibility of water pipe laying.

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