Coal mine fluidized mining power disaster prevention and control method and system

Abstract

The application provides a coal mine fluidized mining dynamic disaster prevention and control method and system, and relates to the technical field of disaster prevention and control. The method comprises the following steps: establishing a risk atlas based on multi-field information of a mining area and setting an upper limit of a shock source intensity, a path attenuation target and an energy absorption displacement target, implementing in-situ modification to form a distributed micro-fracture network under the constraint of control indexes, calculating a residual dynamic load spectrum to weaken the shock source, constructing an artificial barrier with wave impedance mutation and an energy absorption zone according to the residual dynamic load spectrum to realize propagation energy reduction, configuring a flexible energy absorption protection system according to the residual dynamic load spectrum and a propagation attenuation coefficient, and monitoring microseismic, stress and displacement data in real time, and realizing parameter adaptive correction through threshold triggered linkage disposal. The method constructs a "source-path-field" integrated active prevention and control system, realizes dynamic regulation and control and closed-loop management of the fluidized mining process, and significantly improves the intrinsic safety and intelligent level of deep mining.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of disaster prevention and control technology, and in particular to a method and system for preventing and controlling dynamic disasters in coal mine fluidized bed mining. Background Technology

[0002] Deep coal resource development is evolving from traditional direct mining to in-situ modification and fluidized bed utilization. Typical forms include underground gasification, directional fracturing, supercritical medium fusion mining, and integrated processes of mining, beneficiation, charging, and thermal-electrical conversion. With increasing mining depth and intensity, mine pressure manifestations become more severe, and disasters such as rockbursts, mine tremors, and dynamic collapses exhibit a high-frequency, high-energy, and strongly coupled trend. Current prevention and control measures mainly rely on passive measures such as local reinforcement of the stope and roadways, pressure relief holes, and roof pre-fracturing, supplemented by microseismic monitoring and experience-based early warning.

[0003] For unmanned and intelligent mines, digital twin models that couple geology, engineering, and energy fields are gradually being applied to the optimization of mining schemes and safety decisions; multi-source sensor networks are evolving towards high density, real-time operation, and full coverage; in terms of materials and construction methods, grouting reinforcement and directional drilling to construct artificial impedance bands, as well as constant resistance large deformation energy-absorbing support, are gradually being engineered; rheologically adjustable smart materials are being used to dissipate dynamic loads; and safety management is shifting from post-event reinforcement to pre-event shaping, process control, and in-event linkage.

[0004] Existing methods often implement production processes and disaster prevention processes in isolation, failing to consider in-situ modification as the starting point for "source weakening." There is a lack of systematic wave resistance design and verification for controlling energy propagation paths, making it difficult to form a quantifiable and iterative barrier system. End-point support often relies primarily on rigid load-bearing, resulting in insufficient energy absorption and controllable collapse under residual dynamic loads. The closed-loop linkage between monitoring, assessment, and intervention is weak, and thresholds and instructions lack coordinated updates with the "source, path, and field" status. Therefore, it is difficult to achieve precise intervention throughout the entire process, from the source and propagation path to the protected area. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To overcome the shortcomings of existing technologies, the purpose of this invention is to provide a method and system for preventing and controlling dynamic disasters in coal mine fluidized bed mining. By constructing a three-in-one active prevention and control system of "source-path-field", it realizes dynamic control and closed-loop management of the entire process from seismic source incubation and energy propagation to end-point protection in deep coal mine fluidized bed mining, which significantly improves the inherent safety and intelligent level of deep resource development.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following solution:

[0007] A method for preventing dynamic disasters in fluidized bed mining of coal mines, comprising:

[0008] S1. Establish a risk map based on multi-field information of the mining area and set control indicators; the control indicators include the upper limit of the source intensity, the path attenuation target and the energy absorption displacement target of the field;

[0009] S2. Under the constraints of the control index, in-situ modification is carried out, and the source-level subset of the control parameter set is used for regulation. A distributed microfracture network is formed through in-situ modification, and microseismic and stress data are collected based on the distributed microfracture network. The residual dynamic load spectrum is calculated to characterize the source output. If the residual dynamic load spectrum does not meet the upper limit of the source intensity, the source-level subset is updated and step S2 is repeated.

[0010] S3. Based on the residual dynamic carrier spectrum, design the propagation path, use the radial subset of the control parameter set for regulation, construct an artificial barrier and energy absorption band that cause a sudden change in wave impedance and / or utilize a natural wave impedance body, obtain the propagation attenuation coefficient through test excitation, if the propagation attenuation coefficient does not reach the path attenuation target, update the radial subset and repeat step S3.

[0011] S4. Configure end protection based on the residual dynamic load spectrum and the propagation attenuation coefficient, use a field-level subset of the control parameter set for regulation, and accept the support energy absorption displacement. If the support energy absorption displacement does not reach the energy absorption displacement target of the field, update the field-level subset and repeat step S4; when the target is met, form the support acceptance result.

[0012] S5. Continuously acquire monitoring data in the source area, path area, and protection area, and update the residual dynamic load spectrum, propagation attenuation coefficient, and support energy absorption displacement in real time; when any control index triggers the threshold, execute the linkage action, and return to step S2 to update the source-level subset, return to step S3 to update the radial-level subset, or return to step S4 to update the field-level subset respectively; end when all control indexes are satisfied.

[0013] Preferably, the source-level subset includes the type and phase of the injected medium, injection pressure, injection flow rate, pulse rhythm, and well pattern parameters; the diameter-level subset includes the barrier location, thickness, extension range, and material level; and the field-level subset includes the type, quantity, spacing, and arrangement of constant resistance large deformation components, controllable collapse components, and buffer layers.

[0014] Preferably, step S1 includes:

[0015] Collect historical data on geostress, lithology, seepage, temperature, and microseismic activity in the target mining area, and construct a multi-field coupled database that includes geological structural units, energy accumulation zones, and seepage channels;

[0016] Based on the multi-field coupled database, spatial interpolation and feature clustering are performed to form the risk map describing the energy accumulation distribution and stress concentration degree;

[0017] Based on the energy density, stress gradient, and historical disturbance frequency of each region in the risk map, the boundaries of the source region, propagation region, and protection region are determined, and the safety factor of each region is calculated.

[0018] The control indicators are set according to the safety factor of each zone.

[0019] Preferably, step S2 includes:

[0020] Determine the source-level subset of the control parameter set based on the risk map and the control indicators;

[0021] Under the constraints of the determined source-level subset, in-situ injection modification is carried out on the target coal and rock mass to generate a continuously distributed network of microfractures in the coal and rock mass, so as to reduce local stress concentration and homogenize energy release.

[0022] Collect microseismic and stress data during the in-situ modification process, calculate the residual dynamic load spectrum, and determine whether the upper limit of the source intensity specified in the control indicators is met.

[0023] When the residual dynamic load spectrum does not reach the upper limit of the source intensity, the parameter values ​​of the source-level subset are corrected based on the microseismic and stress data, and in-situ modification is reimplemented until the source intensity meets the control index requirements.

[0024] Preferably, the formula for calculating the residual dynamic load spectrum is:

[0025] in, The residual dynamic load spectrum; For a moment The amount of energy released by micro-vibrations; The volumetric strain rate at the same moment; The average principal stress of the coal and rock mass; The moment the renovation began; To calculate the termination time.

[0026] Preferably, step S3 includes:

[0027] S31. Delineate the propagation path control region based on the residual dynamic carrier spectrum, extract the main propagation direction, dominant frequency band and energy density, and determine the set of channels to be controlled by the path;

[0028] S32. Determine the radial subset of the control parameter set, form an arrangement scheme for artificial barriers and energy-absorbing bands, and mark the joint boundary with the natural wave-damping body in the arrangement scheme;

[0029] S33. Construct the structure according to the layout plan, construct a wave impedance aberration body through directional drilling and zoned grouting, and incorporate the plastic rock layer or goaf into the joint wave impedance channel to complete the diameter control system.

[0030] S34. Conduct experimental excitation in the propagation path control area, obtain displacement or velocity time histories at measuring points in front of and behind the barrier, and calculate the propagation attenuation coefficient.

[0031] S35. Compare the propagation attenuation coefficient with the path attenuation target. If the target is not reached, update the path order subset based on the frequency band and directional response of the test excitation and repeat steps S32 to S34.

[0032] Preferably, the formula for calculating the propagation attenuation coefficient is:

[0033] in, The propagation attenuation coefficient; The velocity-time history Fourier amplitude spectrum of the measuring point in front of the barrier; The velocity time history Fourier amplitude spectrum of the measurement point behind the barrier; To test the distance from the excitation source to the measuring point in front of the barrier; To test the distance from the excitation source to the measurement point behind the barrier; This is the lower limit of the frequency band; This is the upper limit of the frequency band; The modulus of the complex amplitude; frequency band Determined based on the dominant frequency band of the residual dynamic carrier spectrum; distance factor and This is used to normalize the energy at the preceding and following measurement points under the assumption of spherical geometric diffusion, so as to quantify the net attenuation effect of the barrier and energy-absorbing band on energy propagation.

[0034] Preferably, step S4 includes:

[0035] S41. Based on the residual dynamic load spectrum and the propagation attenuation coefficient, the effective range of the end protection zone is defined, and the field-level subset of the control parameter set is determined.

[0036] S42. Determine the energy absorption capacity index and energy absorption displacement target of the end protection zone based on the residual dynamic load spectrum and propagation attenuation coefficient, allocate the energy absorption displacement target to each zone and each component, and form a field support configuration scheme.

[0037] S43. Complete the component installation and pre-tightening according to the configuration scheme, set up displacement and load monitoring points, carry out controlled excitation or use production disturbance to collect response data, and obtain the acceptance data of support energy absorption displacement and remaining load rate.

[0038] S44. Compare the acceptance data with the energy absorption displacement target. If the target is not reached, adjust the type, quantity, spacing and arrangement of the field-level subsets and repeat steps S42 and S43. When the target is reached, output the support acceptance result.

[0039] Preferably, step S5 includes:

[0040] Monitoring units are deployed in the source area, path area and protection area to continuously collect microseismic, stress and displacement data to form a real-time monitoring dataset.

[0041] Based on the real-time monitoring dataset, calculate the current values ​​and trends of the residual dynamic load spectrum, propagation attenuation coefficient, and support energy absorption displacement, and generate corresponding monitoring and judgment results;

[0042] The monitoring and judgment results are compared with the control indicators set in step S1. When any indicator exceeds the threshold, a linkage handling instruction is automatically generated based on the over-limit item.

[0043] When the exceeding item corresponds to the source index, execute the pressure reduction, mining stoppage, or unloading operation in the linkage response command, and return to step S2 to adjust the source-level subset; when the exceeding item corresponds to the path index, execute the flow restriction or denser barrier operation, and return to step S3 to adjust the diameter-level subset; when the exceeding item corresponds to the field index, execute the reinforcement or adjustment of support layout operation, and return to step S4 to adjust the field-level subset.

[0044] After the joint response is completed, record the response time, operation type, and monitoring results to form a response record.

[0045] A dynamic disaster prevention and control system for fluidized coal mining includes:

[0046] The multi-field risk modeling and index setting module is used to establish a risk map based on multi-field information of the mining area and set control indicators; the control indicators include the upper limit of the source intensity, the path attenuation target and the energy absorption displacement target of the field;

[0047] The in-situ source weakening and residual dynamic load calculation module is used to implement in-situ modification under the constraints of the control index. It uses a source-level subset of the control parameter set for regulation, forms a distributed microfracture network through in-situ modification, and collects microseismic and stress data based on the distributed microfracture network to calculate the residual dynamic load spectrum to characterize the source output. If the residual dynamic load spectrum does not meet the upper limit of the source intensity, the source-level subset is updated and the steps of the in-situ source weakening and residual dynamic load calculation module are repeated.

[0048] The path impedance design and attenuation evaluation module is used to design the propagation path based on the residual dynamic load spectrum, and to control it using a radial subset of the control parameter set. It constructs an artificial barrier and energy absorption band that causes a sudden change in wave impedance and / or utilizes a natural wave impedance body. The propagation attenuation coefficient is obtained through test excitation. If the propagation attenuation coefficient does not reach the path attenuation target, the radial subset is updated and the steps of the path impedance design and attenuation evaluation module are repeated.

[0049] The end-of-line energy absorption protection and support acceptance module is used to configure end-of-line protection based on the residual dynamic load spectrum and the propagation attenuation coefficient, to regulate it using a field-level subset of the control parameter set, and to accept the support energy absorption displacement. If the support energy absorption displacement does not reach the energy absorption displacement target of the field, the field-level subset is updated and the steps of the end-of-line energy absorption protection and support acceptance module are repeated; when the target is met, a support acceptance result is formed.

[0050] The full-domain monitoring linkage and closed-loop optimization module is used to continuously acquire monitoring data in the source area, path area and protection area, and update the residual dynamic load spectrum, propagation attenuation coefficient and support energy absorption displacement in real time. When any control index triggers the threshold, linkage action is performed, and the source-level subset, the radial-level subset or the field-level subset are updated respectively. The process ends when all control indexes are satisfied.

[0051] The present invention discloses the following technical effects:

[0052] This invention transforms the prevention and control of dynamic disasters in coal mine fluidized bed mining from the traditional passive reinforcement, pressure relief, and early warning methods to an active control model centered on the integrated "source-pathway-field" system. By utilizing in-situ modification to form a distributed microfracture network in the early stages of mining, it achieves pre-dispersion and slow release of energy in the seismic source area, completely changing the previous reactive approach of protection after a disaster occurs. This allows dynamic disasters to be mitigated and neutralized at their source. Technically, this method represents a leap from "post-event defense" to "process intervention," effectively reducing the probability of mine tremors and smoothing the energy release process, providing inherent safety guarantees for deep fluidized bed mining.

[0053] This invention couples three levels—source weakening, path control, and field energy absorption—using control indices as the link, achieving a closed data chain of parameter linkage and state feedback. Residual dynamic load spectrum, propagation attenuation coefficient, and support energy absorption displacement are sequentially transmitted and updated in real time between steps, enabling the prevention and control system to automatically adjust source-level, radial-level, and field-level control parameters according to the energy transmission status, achieving synchronous evolution of disaster incubation, energy propagation, and protective response. This cross-level coupling mechanism overcomes the limitations of single-parameter or single-process control, forming a precise and collaborative control system driven by multi-physics field dynamic response.

[0054] This invention achieves adaptive control of dynamic disasters under complex geological conditions through hierarchical regulation and closed-loop feedback of control parameter sets. The method is independent of specific media, materials, or equipment, exhibiting good scalability and universality, and can be flexibly configured according to the stress structure and mining technology of different mining areas. Compared with traditional support reinforcement and single pressure relief methods, this invention significantly reduces prevention and control costs, improves system energy utilization efficiency and structural stability, and simultaneously achieves digitalization, real-time monitoring, and intelligentization of prevention and control measures, resulting in significant safety gains and economic benefits. Attached Figure Description

[0055] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0056] Figure 1 A flowchart of the method provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0057] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the system structure provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0058] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0059] The purpose of this invention is to provide a method and system for preventing and controlling dynamic disasters in coal mine fluidized bed mining. By establishing an integrated dynamic prevention and control system of "source-path-field", it realizes active regulation and closed-loop management of the entire process of dynamic disasters in coal mine fluidized bed mining from source incubation to energy propagation and then to end protection, which significantly improves the inherent safety and intelligent prevention and control level of deep mining.

[0060] To make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0061] Figure 1 The method flowchart provided in the embodiments of the present invention is as follows: Figure 1 As shown, the present invention provides a method for preventing and controlling dynamic disasters in coal mine fluidized bed mining, comprising:

[0062] S1. Establish a risk map based on multi-field information of the mining area and set control indicators; the control indicators include the upper limit of the source intensity, the path attenuation target and the energy absorption displacement target of the field;

[0063] S2. Under the constraints of control indicators, in-situ modification is carried out. The source-level subset of the control parameter set is used for regulation. A distributed microfracture network is formed through in-situ modification. Microseismic and stress data are collected based on the distributed microfracture network, and the residual dynamic load spectrum is calculated to characterize the source output. If the residual dynamic load spectrum does not meet the upper limit of the source intensity, the source-level subset is updated and step S2 is repeated.

[0064] S3. Based on the residual dynamic load spectrum, design the propagation path, use the radial subset of the control parameter set for regulation, construct an artificial barrier and energy absorption band that causes a sudden change in wave impedance and / or utilize the natural wave impedance body, obtain the propagation attenuation coefficient through test excitation, if the propagation attenuation coefficient does not reach the path attenuation target, update the radial subset and repeat step S3.

[0065] S4. Configure end protection based on residual dynamic load spectrum and propagation attenuation coefficient, use field-level subset of control parameter set for regulation, and accept support energy absorption displacement. If support energy absorption displacement does not reach the energy absorption displacement target of the field, update field-level subset and repeat step S4; when satisfied, form support acceptance result.

[0066] S5. Continuously acquire monitoring data in the source area, path area, and protection area, and update the residual dynamic load spectrum, propagation attenuation coefficient, and support energy absorption displacement in real time; when any control index triggers the threshold, execute the linkage action, and return to step S2 to update the source-level subset, return to step S3 to update the radial-level subset, or return to step S4 to update the field-level subset respectively; end when all control indexes are satisfied.

[0067] In step S1 of this embodiment, geostress gauges, pore pressure sensors, temperature sensors, and microseismic detectors are deployed in the target mining area to collect data on the triaxial components of geostress, lithological parameters, permeability, geothermal gradient, and historical microseismic records. Combined with geological logging and geophysical exploration results, a spatiotemporally integrated raw dataset is formed. Using a 25m grid size as the smallest unit and a time synchronization accuracy of 0.01s, various data types are normalized and registered to construct a multi-field coupled database. The "multi-field coupled database" refers to a database that structurally correlates the geostress field, seepage field, temperature field, and microseismic event response under a unified grid coordinate system. It is used to describe the coupling relationship between geological structural units, energy accumulation zones, and seepage channels in the mining area. The energy accumulation zone is defined as an area where the microseismic energy density is continuously higher than the regional average by more than 30% for a duration exceeding 48 hours.

[0068] This embodiment uses the Kriging interpolation method based on a multi-field coupled database to spatially interpolate geostress, pore pressure, and permeability to form a continuous field distribution. Then, it combines the distribution of microseismic events to calculate energy density and stress gradient, and extracts local features with a spatial search radius of 150m. Subsequently, an unsupervised clustering algorithm is used to cluster the feature vectors of each grid unit, with a minimum cluster size of 50 grids. Energy density, stress gradient, and pore pressure anomalies are used as the main features to generate risk level labels. The risk level results are mapped back to spatial coordinates to form a risk map. The "risk map" refers to a spatial distribution map of the risk of dynamic load disasters in each grid unit of the mining area, using color-coded levels. The energy density corresponding to high-risk areas is in the upper 10% of the overall distribution. This map serves as the quantitative basis for subsequent zoning and control index setting.

[0069] This embodiment determines the spatial distribution of the source zone, propagation zone, and protection zone based on the risk map: a risk level greater than 0.8 is defined as the source zone, between 0.4 and 0.8 as the propagation zone, and less than 0.4 as the protection zone. A safety factor is calculated for each zone, defined as the ratio of the rock mass compressive strength to the peak stress of dynamic disturbance. A safety factor less than 1.2 is considered a high-risk zone. Control indicators are set based on the calculation results: the upper limit of the source intensity in the source zone corresponds to a safety factor of no less than 1.2; the path attenuation target in the propagation zone corresponds to an energy ratio before and after the barrier of no more than 0.6; and the field energy absorption displacement target in the protection zone is set at 80–150 mm. Through this zoning and indicator setting, a quantitative closed loop from risk identification to safety constraints is achieved, ensuring that subsequent source weakening, path control, and field energy absorption steps have clear numerical boundaries and are feasible.

[0070] Specifically, in step S2 of this embodiment, the "source-level subset" is first determined based on the risk map and control indicators formed in step S1. The "source-level subset" refers to the set of adjustable control quantities used to form a network within the seismic source area, including the type and phase of the injected medium, injection pressure, injection flow rate, pulse rhythm, well network parameters, and stimulation azimuth. To match the direction of the maximum horizontal principal stress, the stimulation azimuth deviation is controlled within ±15 degrees; the well spacing is 20–50 meters; the segment length is 20–40 meters; the upper limit of the injection pressure does not exceed 90% of the formation fracturing pressure, with an initial field value of 12–35 MPa and fine-tuned in 5% increments; the injection flow rate is 5–40 liters per minute; and the pulse rhythm is 0.5–3 Hz. Regarding the medium phase, this embodiment, without limiting the specific type, prioritizes combinations that achieve permeability and fracture lubrication based on seepage capacity and safety, with a minimum holding time of no less than 10 minutes for phase switching.

[0071] This embodiment employs a segmented, zoned injection sequence from the boundary to the center, using packers to isolate adjacent segments. Pre-replacement of 2-5 times the segment volume is performed before proceeding with the modification according to the pulse rhythm. To verify the formation of a "distributed microfracture network," two criteria are established: first, the spatial density uniformity of microseismic events within the source area grid, evaluated using the coefficient of variation of event counts within the grid; a coefficient of variation not exceeding 0.25 indicates uniformity; second, the stress reduction amplitude; a reduction in the average principal stress in the same area compared to before modification is considered effective. Both criteria are met simultaneously to confirm network formation. If only one is met, the segment length remains unchanged, the pulse duty cycle is increased by 10%, and the injection flow rate is increased by 10%, repeating the modification of that segment. If neither criterion is met, the injection pressure of that segment is reduced by 5%, and the detonation segment of the adjacent segment is changed to one farther from the structural boundary to avoid forming a large, continuous fracture.

[0072] In this embodiment, the time series and energy of microseismic events, as well as the dynamic responses of downhole stress gauges and pore pressure gauges, are collected in real time during the modification process. Volumetric strain changes over time are obtained using multi-point strain gauges. The calculation of the residual dynamic load spectrum uses the start time of modification as the integration starting point and the end time of the modification segment as the integration ending point. Microseismic energy, volumetric strain rate, and mean principal stress within the same time window are normalized and superimposed to obtain a monotonic cumulative quantity characterizing the source output. This cumulative quantity is compared with the upper limit of the source intensity in the control index: exceeding the upper limit indicates non-compliance, while falling below the upper limit indicates compliance. If non-compliance is not met, this embodiment performs source-level subset correction sequentially: firstly, the injection pressure is reduced by 5%–10%; without changing the safety boundary, the pulse frequency is reduced by 0.2–0.5 Hz or the duration of a single pulse is shortened by 20%; if necessary, the injection flow rate is reduced by 10%–30%; and in subsequent segments, the well spacing is increased by 5–10 meters or the modification azimuth is adjusted by 10–20 degrees to reduce the formation of penetrating macro fractures; if compliance is met, the next segment of construction begins. To ensure statistical stability, a sliding window of 10–60 seconds is used for calculation, with time synchronization error controlled within 0.01 seconds and microseismic location spatial error not exceeding 30 meters. The warning threshold for the residual dynamic load spectrum is set at the upper 10% of the historical distribution, and the prohibition threshold is set at the upper 5%. If the warning threshold is exceeded, parameter fine-tuning is triggered. If the prohibition threshold is exceeded, the modification of that segment is suspended and the segment is moved to a standby segment far away from the structure.

[0073] Further, in step S3 of this embodiment, based on the residual dynamic load spectrum obtained in step S2, the main propagation direction is identified based on the arrival time difference and energy distribution of the microseismic monitoring array, and a propagation path control zone is established with this direction as the axis. The "propagation path control zone" refers to a corridor band that encompasses the vast majority of dynamic load energy along the main propagation direction, used for path control parameter design and experimental excitation verification. In this embodiment, the initial corridor is a spatial range covering 80% of the cumulative energy, with a corridor width of 50-150 meters and a length of 200-800 meters; the main propagation direction is determined by inversion of the arrival time difference from no less than 3 measuring points, and the directional uncertainty is controlled within 10 degrees; the dominant frequency band is determined based on the cumulative spectral energy curve as a continuous frequency band containing 90% of the energy, typically ranging from 10 to 80 Hz; the energy density threshold is taken as the upper 20% of the regional distribution as the key control object.

[0074] This embodiment defines a "diameter-level subset," which refers to a set of adjustable parameters used to change the wave impedance structure of the propagation path. This includes barrier location, barrier thickness, barrier extension range, material layers, and combinations of energy-absorbing components, forming an arrangement scheme for artificial barriers and energy-absorbing bands. To improve efficiency, this embodiment introduces the concept of a "joint wave-damping channel," which refers to connecting artificial barriers and natural wave-damping bodies (such as plastic rock layers or old workings) into a continuous high-impedance band through geometric continuity and material transition. During arrangement, the angle between the barrier centerline and the main propagation direction is controlled within 10 degrees, and the nearest boundary to the key roadway is not less than 15 meters; the thickness of a single barrier is 2–6 meters, and the continuous extension length is 30–200 meters; when a natural wave-damping body exists, the barrier end is preferentially anchored to this natural body, with an overlap length of not less than 10 meters; the material layers adopt a sequential stacking method of high-modulus reinforcement layers and high-loss energy-absorbing layers, with the interlayer thickness ratio controlled at 1:1 to 2:1.

[0075] In this embodiment, directional drilling and sectional grouting forming are implemented according to the layout plan, with a rhythmic advancement in segments with a segment length of 10 - 30 meters. The forming quality is inspected through the backfill volume, the backpressure value, and the change in the acoustic wave velocity of the test hole. A sound velocity increase of not less than 20% is judged as qualified. To quantify the wave attenuation effect, test excitation is carried out in the propagation path control area. The excitation method selects a repeatable mechanical vibration source for frequency sweeping, with the frequency sweeping range covering the dominant frequency band, the frequency sweeping time not shorter than 10 seconds, and the excitation position not less than 20 meters from the closest point of the barrier to avoid near-field nonlinearity. Not less than 2 measuring points are arranged in front and behind the barrier, with the closest distances from the barrier being 15 - 30 meters and 20 - 40 meters respectively; the sampling frequency is not less than 500 Hz, and the recording duration is not shorter than 30 seconds. The data processing process is as follows: perform spectral transformation on the displacement or velocity time history of the measuring points in front and behind the barrier, and calculate the spectral energy integral within the dominant frequency band; to eliminate the influence of geometric diffusion, normalize the energy with the square of the distance from the excitation source to each measuring point; calculate the ratio of the normalized in-band energy behind the barrier to the corresponding energy in front of the barrier, and then obtain the propagation attenuation coefficient by subtracting this ratio from 1. To ensure robustness, take the median value of not less than 3 excitation results as the propagation attenuation coefficient of this path.

[0076] In this embodiment, the propagation attenuation coefficient is compared with the path attenuation target set in step S1. When the ratio is not higher than 0.6 (equivalent to the propagation attenuation coefficient not less than 0.4), it is judged as satisfied; when not satisfied, update the radial subset in sequence: first, increase the barrier thickness by 0.5 - 1.0 meters, second, extend the continuous length of the barrier by 10 - 30 meters, third, add a high-loss energy-absorbing layer on the incident side of the barrier and bias the interlayer thickness ratio towards the high-loss side by 0.5; when the natural wave impedance body is more than 20 meters away from the end of the barrier, move the barrier 5 - 15 meters along the main propagation direction to shorten the lap distance; after adjustment, repeat the test excitation and comparison. Record the excitation position, frequency sweeping range, barrier geometric parameters and material levels, energy and distance of the front and rear measuring points, propagation attenuation coefficient, and judgment results for each round of iteration, and complete the filing of the complete parameter-effect correspondence relationship to support subsequent end protection configuration and operation period review.

[0077] Furthermore, in step S4 of this embodiment, based on the residual dynamic load spectrum of step S2 and the propagation attenuation coefficient of step S3, an end-protection zone is delineated around the critical roadway and working face along the energy propagation direction; the "end-protection zone" refers to the spatial zone where displacement needs to be controlled and load-bearing capacity maintained by energy-absorbing components. This embodiment defines a "field-level subset," which means a set of adjustable parameters used to configure the end-protection system, including the specifications of constant-resistance large-deformation anchor cables and anchor bolts, the yield stroke and trigger load of controllable collapse components, the material and thickness of the buffer layer, the number and spacing of components, the row spacing and arrangement, and the pre-tensioning and set load of components. The minimum clearance between the end protection zone and the equipment foundation and personnel passageway is 5 to 8 meters; the width of the protection zone is 20 to 50 meters; and the extension length along the direction is 80 to 200 meters. The spacing between anchor bolts and anchor cables is 1.5 to 2.5 meters, the row spacing is 2.0 to 4.0 meters, the preload of a single bolt is 80 to 150 kN, the set load of the constant resistance support is 0.8 to 1.2 MN, and the thickness of the buffer layer is 30 to 60 mm.

[0078] In this embodiment, the "energy absorption capacity index" is defined as the lower limit of energy that the support system needs to dissipate during a single dynamic load in the end-protection zone, and the "support energy absorption displacement" is defined as the control displacement range that the support system is allowed to undergo without causing instability under dynamic load. Based on the residual dynamic load spectrum and propagation attenuation coefficient, the total energy absorption requirement and target displacement range of the end-protection zone are determined, and the targets are allocated to zones and components: the leading edge zone, closest to the energy incident side, bears no less than 60% of the total energy absorption, the middle zone bears 30%, and the trailing edge zone bears 10%; constant resistance components bear 50-70% of the total energy absorption, collapse components bear 20-40%, and the buffer layer bears 10-20%; the support energy absorption displacement target is allocated in the range of 80-150 mm, with the upper limit of the target displacement range for the leading edge zone and the lower-middle range for the middle and trailing edge zones. Based on this, a field support configuration scheme is formed, and the placement, preload value, and trigger threshold of each component are clearly defined.

[0079] In this embodiment, the components are installed and pre-tightened according to the configuration scheme. The anchoring length and anchoring agent ratio are implemented according to the product technical requirements. The constant resistance components are verified and set with loads on-site based on the factory calibration. For controllable collapse components, disposable displacement identification tags are affixed to the trigger points for post-event verification. Displacement and load monitoring points are set up in the end protection zone. The displacement sensor range is not less than 200 mm and the resolution is not higher than 0.5 mm. The load sensor range is not less than 1.5 MN. Controlled excitation or production disturbance is used to carry out response acquisition. The sampling frequency is not less than 500 Hz, the single recording time is not less than 30 seconds, and the number of repeated tests is not less than 3. The support energy absorption displacement and residual load rate of each component and each zone are calculated. Compare the acceptance data with the assigned targets: When the support energy absorption displacement of any zone is lower than the target lower limit or the remaining bearing capacity is lower than 0.6, prioritize increasing the number of components in that zone by 10-30% or reducing the row spacing and line spacing by 10-20%. If necessary, increase the thickness of the buffer layer by 10-20 mm or reduce the trigger load of the collapse component by 10-20%. After the adjustment is completed, repeat the monitoring and comparison. When the support energy absorption displacement of all zones falls into the target range and the remaining bearing capacity is not lower than 0.6, output the support acceptance results and archive the parameters and test records.

[0080] Furthermore, in step S5 of this embodiment, monitoring units are first deployed in the source area, path area, and protection area. Each monitoring unit consists of a microseismic detector, a stress gauge, and a displacement sensor, used to continuously collect time-series data on microseismic events, surrounding rock stress, and support displacement, forming a "real-time monitoring dataset." The "real-time monitoring dataset" refers to a multi-source data set that is continuously accumulated according to a unified time benchmark and can be updated slidably, used for online calculation of three types of indicators. The monitoring point density is no less than 1 point per 100 square meters in the source area, no less than 0.5 points per 100 square meters in the path area, and no less than one cross-section every 10 meters in the protection area; the sampling frequency of the microseismic channel is no less than 2000 Hz, and the sampling frequency of the stress and displacement channels is no less than 100 Hz; the time synchronization error is controlled within 0.01 seconds; the continuous duration of a single data drop must not exceed 2 seconds, otherwise data re-collection or point inspection will be triggered.

[0081] This embodiment performs sliding window processing on the real-time monitoring dataset, with a window width of 10-60 seconds and a step size of 5-10 seconds. It updates the current values ​​and trends of the residual dynamic load spectrum, propagation attenuation coefficient, and support energy absorption displacement online, forming a "monitoring judgment result." The "monitoring judgment result" refers to the state judgment made for the three types of indicators, marked as source normal or source exceeding limits, radial normal or radial exceeding limits, and field normal or field exceeding limits, accompanied by an upward or downward trend indicator. To suppress false alarms, this embodiment adopts a dual-window confirmation and hysteresis band strategy: the same indicator is judged as exceeding limits only if it exceeds the threshold for two consecutive windows; exceeding limits is lifted only if it falls back to within the threshold and continues for three windows. Corresponding to the control indicators set in step S1, a residual dynamic load spectrum exceeding the warning threshold (top 10% of historical distribution) is marked as a source warning; exceeding the prohibition threshold (top 5% of historical distribution) is marked as a source exceeding limits; a propagation attenuation coefficient below 0.4 is marked as a radial exceeding limits; and support energy absorption displacement exceeding the target range of 80-150 mm or a remaining bearing capacity below 0.6 is marked as a field exceeding limits.

[0082] When any monitoring result exceeds the limit, this embodiment automatically generates a "joint response instruction." The instruction is executed in stages according to the scope of impact and the degree of urgency, and the response path and parameters are returned to the corresponding process for adjustment. When the source exceeds the limit, pressure reduction, production stoppage, or unloading operations are immediately performed. The pressure reduction is preferably 10% to 20% of the current value and must be completed within 120 seconds at the latest. After the response, return to step S2 and sequentially reduce the injection pressure by 5% to 10%, reduce the pulse frequency by 0.2 to 0.5 Hz, and reduce the injection flow rate by 10% to 30%. If necessary, increase the well spacing by 5 to 10 meters or adjust the azimuth by 10 to 20 degrees. When the diameter exceeds the limit, flow restriction or barrier densification operations are performed. The flow restriction is preferably 20% to 40%, and return to step S3 to increase the barrier thickness by 0.5 to 1.0 meter, extend the continuous length by 10 to 30 meters, or add a high-loss energy-absorbing layer on the incident side. When the natural wave impedance is more than 20 meters from the end of the barrier, the barrier is moved outward by 5 to 15 meters along the main propagation direction to shorten the overlap distance. When the limit is exceeded, prioritize increasing the number of components in the abnormal zone by 10-30%, or reducing the row spacing and column spacing by 10-20%. If necessary, increase the thickness of the buffer layer by 10-20 mm or reduce the trigger load of the collapse component by 10-20%, and return to step S4 to verify the configuration. To ensure personnel safety, if any limit exceeds the limit for more than two consecutive windows, personnel evacuation and power outage protection will be triggered simultaneously. The maximum allowable evacuation time for the entire area is 5 minutes.

[0083] In this embodiment, after the coordinated response is completed, the response time, location, operation type, adjustment range of key parameters, and changes in three types of indicators within 5 minutes before and after the response are recorded to form a "Response Record". The "Response Record" is used to support subsequent parameter optimization and compliance review. The record must include the trigger threshold, number of confirmation windows, execution start and end times, and final judgment. The Response Record is archived to the project database within 24 hours and retained for at least 36 months. When the same type of response occurs 3 or more times within 24 hours, it is automatically classified as an abnormal condition and reviewed at the pre-shift meeting the following day. To avoid secondary disruptions to production caused by frequent start-stop operations, this embodiment sets a quiet period of 5-15 minutes. During the quiet period, only escalation of the response is allowed; downgrading or cancellation is not permitted. After the quiet period ends, if all three types of indicators meet the control criteria for three consecutive windows, the response is lifted and normal operation resumes.

[0084] Corresponding to the above methods, such as Figure 2 As shown, this embodiment also provides a dynamic disaster prevention and control system for fluidized coal mining, including:

[0085] The multi-field risk modeling and index setting module is used to establish a risk map based on multi-field information of the mining area and set control indicators; the control indicators include the upper limit of the source intensity, the path attenuation target and the energy absorption displacement target of the field;

[0086] The in-situ source weakening and residual dynamic load calculation module is used to implement in-situ modification under the constraints of the control index. It uses a source-level subset of the control parameter set for regulation, forms a distributed microfracture network through in-situ modification, and collects microseismic and stress data based on the distributed microfracture network to calculate the residual dynamic load spectrum to characterize the source output. If the residual dynamic load spectrum does not meet the upper limit of the source intensity, the source-level subset is updated and the steps of the in-situ source weakening and residual dynamic load calculation module are repeated.

[0087] The path impedance design and attenuation evaluation module is used to design the propagation path based on the residual dynamic load spectrum, and to control it using a radial subset of the control parameter set. It constructs an artificial barrier and energy absorption band that causes a sudden change in wave impedance and / or utilizes a natural wave impedance body. The propagation attenuation coefficient is obtained through test excitation. If the propagation attenuation coefficient does not reach the path attenuation target, the radial subset is updated and the steps of the path impedance design and attenuation evaluation module are repeated.

[0088] The end-of-line energy absorption protection and support acceptance module is used to configure end-of-line protection based on the residual dynamic load spectrum and the propagation attenuation coefficient, to regulate it using a field-level subset of the control parameter set, and to accept the support energy absorption displacement. If the support energy absorption displacement does not reach the energy absorption displacement target of the field, the field-level subset is updated and the steps of the end-of-line energy absorption protection and support acceptance module are repeated; when the target is met, a support acceptance result is formed.

[0089] The full-domain monitoring linkage and closed-loop optimization module is used to continuously acquire monitoring data in the source area, path area and protection area, and update the residual dynamic load spectrum, propagation attenuation coefficient and support energy absorption displacement in real time. When any control index triggers the threshold, linkage action is performed, and the source-level subset, the radial-level subset or the field-level subset are updated respectively. The process ends when all control indexes are satisfied.

[0090] This invention addresses the challenge of dynamic disaster prevention and control in deep in-situ fluidized bed mining processes by constructing a three-dimensional, proactive prevention and control system encompassing the entire process: source, path, and field. This system uses a risk map as its basic input and control indicators as unified constraints, spanning three levels: source weakening, propagation path energy reduction, and terminal energy absorption protection, forming a dynamic closed loop of "identification-design-implementation-feedback." By introducing a synergistic design of controllable fracture induction, path impedance reconstruction, and flexible energy absorption protection in the early stages of mining and modification, it achieves full-link control from the disaster source to energy propagation and protective response, providing a structured safety control framework for deep, unmanned fluidized bed mining.

[0091] In the source control stage, this invention establishes a risk map of the mining area through multi-field data fusion, identifies energy accumulation zones and high-stress concentration zones, and determines the source-level subset of the control parameter set accordingly. During in-situ modification, segmented injection and directional modification are implemented to induce a uniformly distributed microfracture network in the coal and rock mass, homogenizing the stress field and weakening the source intensity. By real-time acquisition of microseismic and stress data to calculate the residual dynamic load spectrum, the source energy release process is transformed into a measurable indicator, and the modification parameters are automatically corrected based on feedback, realizing the transformation of the source from "energy accumulation" to "energy regulation," achieving the technical effects of energy dissipation during the incubation period and stable control during the process.

[0092] In the energy propagation stage, this invention identifies the main propagation direction and dominant frequency band of stress waves based on residual dynamic load spectrum results, constructs a wave impedance aberration formed by an artificial barrier and an energy-absorbing band, and combines it with natural wave impedance bodies (such as mudstone layers or goaf areas) to form a combined wave-blocking channel. Precise construction is achieved through directional drilling and zoned grouting, and the energy ratio before and after the barrier is determined using test excitation response, the propagation attenuation coefficient is calculated, and the wave-cutting effect is verified. When energy cutting is insufficient, path-level dynamic optimization is achieved by adjusting the parameters of the diameter subset (including barrier thickness, continuous length, and material layer), thereby establishing a "multi-band, multi-level" energy dissipation mechanism along the propagation path.

[0093] In the end-of-line protection phase, this invention determines the protection zone range and field-level subset parameters based on the residual dynamic load spectrum and propagation attenuation coefficient, constructing a flexible energy-absorbing system composed of constant-resistance large-deformation anchor cables, controllable collapse components, and a buffer layer. By configuring the preload, yield load, and displacement targets of each component, the energy absorption capacity is distributed in space and among the components. The protection system maintains constant-resistance energy absorption and allows controllable displacement under impact, avoiding the brittle failure of traditional rigid supports. Response data is collected through controlled excitation or production disturbances, and the support energy absorption displacement is compared with the target. If the target is not met, the number of components, spacing, and trigger threshold are automatically adjusted, forming a verifiable and correctable end-of-line steady-state protection system.

[0094] In operation, this invention deploys high-precision microseismic, stress, and displacement monitoring units in the source zone, path zone, and protection zone to form a real-time monitoring dataset. It calculates the current values ​​and trends of residual dynamic load spectrum, propagation attenuation coefficient, and energy-absorbing displacement online. When any indicator exceeds a set threshold, the system generates a coordinated response command, automatically executing pressure reduction, current limiting, or reinforcement operations, and feeding back the adjustment results to the corresponding steps for parameter updates. Once the indicators return to a safe range, the system re-enters the monitoring cycle, forming a dynamic closed loop of "monitoring—judgment—response—feedback—reset." This mechanism achieves automation, real-time monitoring, and intelligence in dynamic disaster prevention and control under fluidized bed mining conditions, enabling the quantification, response, and correction of the disaster chain at each stage of its incubation, propagation, and impact, thereby constructing a safe and self-consistent system for deep resource development.

[0095] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0096] (1) This invention adopts an integrated "source-path-field" approach, incorporating fluidized bed mining itself into the prevention and control chain. At the source level, in-situ injection and plasticization form a network, resulting in continuous distribution of microfractures. This promotes the dispersed release of energy in time and space, significantly reducing high stress concentration and sudden energy accumulation. Compared with methods that rely solely on support reinforcement or post-disaster unloading, this invention achieves source passivation during the disaster incubation stage, reducing the possibility of large-energy events and improving the inherent safety level of deep mining.

[0097] (2) This invention uses control indicators as a guide to integrate three types of quantitative results—residual dynamic load spectrum, propagation attenuation coefficient, and support energy absorption displacement—through the source, radial, and field levels, forming a closed data chain of "identification—design—implementation—verification—iteration." The residual dynamic load spectrum output from the source level directly constrains path regulation, the propagation attenuation coefficient measured at the radial level is used to calibrate the end configuration, and the energy absorption displacement acceptance at the field level is fed back into the monitoring linkage, avoiding parameter mismatch caused by isolated optimization of each stage and significantly improving the synergy and predictability of the entire process.

[0098] (3) This invention constructs an impedance abrupt change system by using the geometric continuity and material stratification of artificial barriers and energy-absorbing zones at the diameter level, combined with plastic rock strata or goaf areas, and verifies the path attenuation effect by test excitation and comparison of measurement points before and after. This path engineering design realizes the synergistic effect of reflection, scattering and dissipation into a constructable and acceptable structural system, achieving targeted energy reduction in the advantageous frequency band, reducing the transmission of high-frequency and broadband impacts into the working space, and reducing the ultimate bearing capacity requirements and sudden displacement risk of end support from the source.

[0099] (4) This invention employs a coordinated arrangement of constant resistance large deformation and controllable collapse components at the field level, and uses a buffer layer to adjust the energy dissipation path, thereby achieving a protection mechanism of "controlled displacement - continuous energy absorption - avoidance of brittle fracture". By refining the energy absorption capacity and displacement target to components and areas through zoning quotas and acceptance thresholds, it not only prevents rigid instability caused by excessive local reinforcement, but also avoids chain damage caused by insufficient bearing capacity in weak areas, thereby improving the steady-state operation capability and recoverability of roadways and working faces.

[0100] (5) This invention does not limit the medium, materials, and equipment, and adapts to various geological types and production conditions through hierarchical control of the "control parameter set," exhibiting good portability. The monitoring linkage adopts a dual-window confirmation, hysteresis, and silent period strategy to reduce false alarms and secondary disturbances caused by frequent start-ups and shutdowns, balancing safety and production capacity. The entire process retains traceable records of parameters, responses, and disposals, supporting operation and maintenance optimization and compliance review, achieving a comprehensive improvement in safety, efficiency, and economy while reducing downtime losses and excessive reinforcement costs.

[0101] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, with each embodiment focusing on its differences from other embodiments. Similar or identical parts between embodiments can be referred to interchangeably. For the systems disclosed in the embodiments, since they correspond to the methods disclosed in the embodiments, the descriptions are relatively simple; relevant parts can be referred to the method section.

[0102] This document uses specific examples to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of the present invention. The descriptions of the above embodiments are only for the purpose of helping to understand the method and core ideas of the present invention. Furthermore, those skilled in the art will recognize that, based on the ideas of the present invention, there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scope. Therefore, the content of this specification should not be construed as a limitation of the present invention.

Claims

1. A coal mine fluidized mining power disaster prevention and control method, characterized in that, The method comprises the following steps: S1, establishing a risk atlas based on multi-field information of a mining area, and setting control indexes; the control indexes include an upper limit of a seismic source intensity, a path attenuation target, and an energy absorption displacement target of a field domain; S2, implementing in-situ modification under the constraint of the control indexes, using a source level subset of a control parameter set to perform regulation and control, forming a distributed micro-fracture network through in-situ modification, collecting microseismic and stress data based on the distributed micro-fracture network, and calculating a residual dynamic load spectrum to represent the output of a seismic source; if the residual dynamic load spectrum does not meet the upper limit of the seismic source intensity, the source level subset is updated and step S2 is repeated; S3, designing a propagation path according to the residual dynamic load spectrum, using a radial level subset of the control parameter set to perform regulation and control, constructing an artificial barrier and an energy absorption zone with a sudden change in wave impedance, and / or using a natural wave resistance body, and obtaining a propagation attenuation coefficient through trial excitation; if the propagation attenuation coefficient does not reach the path attenuation target, the radial level subset is updated and step S3 is repeated; S4, configuring a terminal protection according to the residual dynamic load spectrum and the propagation attenuation coefficient, using a field level subset of the control parameter set to perform regulation and control, and checking the energy absorption displacement of support; if the energy absorption displacement of support does not reach the energy absorption displacement target of the field domain, the field level subset is updated and step S4 is repeated; when the control indexes are met, a support acceptance result is formed; S5, continuously acquiring monitoring data in the seismic source area, the path area, and the protection area, and updating the residual dynamic load spectrum, the propagation attenuation coefficient, and the energy absorption displacement of support in real time; when any control index triggers a threshold value, a linkage treatment is performed, and the source level subset is returned to step S2, the radial level subset is returned to step S3, or the field level subset is returned to step S4; When all control indexes are met, the method ends; Step S2 comprises: determining a source level subset of a control parameter set according to the risk atlas and the control indexes; implementing in-situ injection modification on the target coal and rock mass under the constraint of the determined source level subset, so that the coal and rock mass generates a continuously distributed distributed micro-fracture network, thereby reducing local stress concentration and homogenizing energy release; collecting microseismic and stress data during in-situ modification, calculating a residual dynamic load spectrum, and determining whether the residual dynamic load spectrum meets the upper limit of the seismic source intensity specified in the control indexes; when the residual dynamic load spectrum does not reach the upper limit of the seismic source intensity, revising the parameter values of the source level subset according to the microseismic and stress data and re-implementing in-situ modification until the seismic source intensity meets the requirements of the control indexes; the calculation formula of the residual dynamic load spectrum is: wherein, is the residual dynamic load spectrum; is the time is the microseismic energy release at time is the volumetric strain rate at the same time; is the average principal stress of the coal rock mass; is the time when the reconstruction begins; is the time when the calculation ends.

2. The coal mine fluidized mining dynamic disaster prevention and control method according to claim 1, characterized in that, the source level subset includes injection medium type and phase state, injection pressure, injection flow rate, pulse rhythm, and well pattern parameters; the radial level subset includes barrier position, thickness, extension range, and material level; and the field level subset includes the type, number, spacing, and arrangement of constant resistance large deformation members, controllable collapse members, and buffer layers.

3. The coal mine fluidized mining dynamic disaster prevention and control method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step S1 comprises: collecting geo-stress, lithology, seepage, temperature, and microseismic historical data of a target mining area, and constructing a multi-field coupling database containing geological structure units, energy accumulation zones, and seepage channels; performing spatial interpolation and feature clustering based on the multi-field coupling database to form the risk atlas describing the distribution of energy accumulation and the degree of stress concentration; and According to the energy density, stress gradient and historical disturbance frequency of each region in the risk map, the partition boundary of the source area, the propagation area and the protection area is determined, and the safety factor of each partition is calculated; The control index is set according to the safety factor of each partition.

4. The coal mine fluidized mining dynamic disaster prevention and control method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step S3 comprises: S31, according to the residual dynamic load spectrum, the propagation path control area is divided, the main propagation direction, the dominant frequency band and the energy density are extracted, and the channel set to be implemented path regulation is determined; S32, the radial level subset of the control parameter set is determined, the arrangement scheme of the artificial barrier and the energy absorption band is formed, and the joint boundary with the natural wave resistance body is marked in the arrangement scheme; S33, according to the arrangement scheme, the wave resistance abruptness is constructed by directional drilling and partition grouting, and the plastic rock layer or mined-out area is included in the joint wave resistance channel to complete the radial level regulation system; S34, test excitation is carried out in the propagation path control area, displacement or velocity time history is obtained at the measuring point in front of the barrier and the measuring point behind the barrier respectively, and the propagation attenuation coefficient is calculated; S35, the propagation attenuation coefficient is compared with the path attenuation target, when the target is not reached, the radial level subset is updated according to the frequency band and directional response of the test excitation, and steps S32 to S34 are repeated.

5. The coal mine fluidized mining dynamic disaster prevention and control method according to claim 4, characterized in that, The calculation formula of the propagation attenuation coefficient is: wherein, is the propagation attenuation coefficient; is the velocity time history Fourier amplitude spectrum at the pre-barrier measurement point; is the velocity time history Fourier amplitude spectrum at the post-barrier measurement point; is the distance from the test excitation source to the pre-barrier measurement point; is the distance from the test excitation source to the post-barrier measurement point; is the lower frequency band limit; is the upper frequency band limit; is the modulus of the complex amplitude; frequency band is determined from the dominant frequency band of the residual dynamic load spectrum; distance factor is the distance from the test excitation source to the pre-barrier measurement point; is used to distance normalize the pre- and post-barrier measurement point energies under the assumption of spherical geometry diffusion to quantify the net attenuation effect of the barrier and energy absorbing band on energy propagation.

6. The coal mine fluidized mining dynamic disaster prevention and control method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step S4 comprises: S41, according to the residual dynamic load spectrum and the propagation attenuation coefficient, the action range of the end protection area is divided, and the field level subset of the control parameter set is determined; S42, according to the residual dynamic load spectrum and the propagation attenuation coefficient, the energy absorption capacity index and the energy absorption displacement target of the end protection area are determined, the energy absorption displacement target is distributed to each partition and each component, and the field support configuration scheme is formed; S43, according to the configuration scheme, the component installation and pre-tightening are completed, the displacement and bearing monitoring points are arranged, the response collection is carried out under controlled excitation or by using production disturbance, and the acceptance data of support energy absorption displacement and residual bearing rate are obtained; S44, the acceptance data and the energy absorption displacement target are compared, when the target is not reached, the type, number, spacing and arrangement of the field level subset are adjusted, and steps S42 and S43 are repeated, and when the target is reached, the support acceptance result is output.

7. The coal mine fluidized mining dynamic disaster prevention and control method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step S5 comprises: Monitoring units are arranged in the source area, the path area and the protection area, and microseismic, stress and displacement data are continuously collected to form a real-time monitoring data set; According to the real-time monitoring data set, the current value and the change trend of the residual dynamic load spectrum, the propagation attenuation coefficient and the support energy absorption displacement are calculated, and the corresponding monitoring judgment result is generated; The monitoring judgment result is compared with the control index set in step S1, when any index exceeds the threshold value, the linkage treatment instruction is automatically generated according to the over-limit item; When the over-limit item corresponds to the source index, the depressurization, stop mining or unloading operation in the linkage treatment instruction is executed, and step S2 is returned to adjust the source level subset; when the over-limit item corresponds to the path index, the flow limiting or encryption barrier operation is executed, and step S3 is returned to adjust the radial level subset; when the over-limit item corresponds to the field index, the reinforcement or adjustment of support arrangement operation is executed, and step S4 is returned to adjust the field level subset; After the linkage treatment is completed, the treatment time, operation type and monitoring change result are recorded to form a treatment record.

8. A coal mine fluidized mining power disaster prevention and control system, characterized in that, The method comprises the following steps: a multi-field risk modeling and index setting module is used to establish a risk atlas based on multi-field information of a mining area and set control indexes; the control indexes include a source intensity upper limit, a path attenuation target and an energy absorption displacement target of a field area; a source in-situ weakening and residual dynamic load calculation module is used to implement in-situ modification under the control of the control indexes, use a source level subset of a control parameter set to regulate, form a distributed micro-crack network through in-situ modification, collect microseismic and stress data based on the distributed micro-crack network, calculate a residual dynamic load spectrum to represent source output, and if the residual dynamic load spectrum does not meet the source intensity upper limit, update the source level subset and repeat the steps of the source in-situ weakening and residual dynamic load calculation module; a path wave resistance design and attenuation evaluation module is used to design a propagation path according to the residual dynamic load spectrum, use a radial level subset of the control parameter set to regulate, construct an artificial barrier and an energy absorption band with a sudden change in wave impedance and / or use a natural wave resistance body, obtain a propagation attenuation coefficient through trial excitation, and if the propagation attenuation coefficient does not reach the path attenuation target, update the radial level subset and repeat the steps of the path wave resistance design and attenuation evaluation module; a terminal energy absorption protection and support acceptance module is used to configure terminal protection according to the residual dynamic load spectrum and the propagation attenuation coefficient, use a field level subset of the control parameter set to regulate, and accept support energy absorption displacement, and if the support energy absorption displacement does not reach the energy absorption displacement target of the field area, update the field level subset and repeat the steps of the terminal energy absorption protection and support acceptance module; when the control indexes are met, a support acceptance result is formed; a global monitoring linkage and closed-loop optimization module is used to continuously obtain monitoring data in a source area, a path area and a protection area, and update a residual dynamic load spectrum, a propagation attenuation coefficient and support energy absorption displacement in real time; when any control index triggers a threshold value, perform linkage treatment, and update the source level subset, update the radial level subset or update the field level subset, respectively; when all control indexes are met, the method ends; the source in-situ weakening and residual dynamic load calculation module comprises the following steps: determine a source level subset of a control parameter set according to the risk atlas and the control indexes; implement in-situ injection modification on target coal and rock bodies under the constraint of the determined source level subset, so that the coal and rock bodies generate a continuously distributed distributed micro-crack network, to reduce local stress concentration and homogenize energy release; collect microseismic and stress data during in-situ modification, calculate a residual dynamic load spectrum and determine whether the residual dynamic load spectrum meets the source intensity upper limit specified in the control indexes; when the residual dynamic load spectrum does not meet the source intensity upper limit, correct the parameter values of the source level subset according to the microseismic and stress data and re-implement in-situ modification until the source intensity meets the control index requirements; the calculation formula of the residual dynamic load spectrum is: wherein, is the residual dynamic load spectrum; is the time is the microseismic energy release at time is the volumetric strain rate at the same time; is the average principal stress of the coal rock mass; is the time when the reconstruction begins; is the time when the calculation ends.

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