Fluidized separation device for construction waste particles
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202511246842.X
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Patents(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-09-02
- Publication Date
- 2026-09-25
- Estimated Expiration
- 2045-09-02
AI Technical Summary
这种分选方式的分选结果有很大的随机性,分选出来相同颗粒度的骨料难免是混凝土颗粒和砖石颗粒的混合物,纯度难以保证
(1)本发明能够分选出混凝土颗粒和砖石颗粒度,并对筛分出的骨料纯度有一定保障;
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Figure CN121042250B_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to the technical field of construction solid waste recycling, and in particular to a fluidized bed separator for construction waste particles. Background Technology
[0002] Construction waste particles include concrete particles and masonry particles; concrete particles have a much higher specific gravity than masonry particles. Concrete particles have higher strength and are suitable for structural concrete, high-strength mortar, and other applications requiring high strength; masonry particles have lower strength and are suitable for non-load-bearing structures, low-strength mortar, recycled bricks, and other applications requiring lower strength. Because of this difference in strength performance, current technology classifies particles that reach the target particle size in a single crushing operation as masonry particles, and those requiring multiple crushing operations as concrete particles. This sorting method results in a high degree of randomness; aggregates of the same particle size inevitably become a mixture of concrete and masonry particles, making it difficult to guarantee purity. Summary of the Invention
[0003] The purpose of this invention is to solve the above-mentioned problems and provide a fluidized bed separator for construction waste particles.
[0004] The technical solution of this invention is as follows: A fluidized bed separator for construction waste particles includes a separator box, a fluidized bed plate (left-low, right-high), and an air box; at the bottom of the separator box, on the left and right sides are a concrete particle funnel and a brick particle funnel, respectively used to discharge concrete particles and brick particles; the left end of the fluidized bed plate is connected to the right end of the concrete particle funnel, and the right end is connected to the upper part of the right inner wall of the separator box, forming a downward sliding channel from right to left; the construction waste particles falling onto the fluidized bed plate slide downward to the left using the downward sliding channel from right to left; the particle size of the construction waste particles is the same; the front and rear ends of the fluidized bed plate are respectively connected to the front and rear ends of the separator box. The inner walls are connected, covering the top of the brick particle funnel; the mixed particles do not directly enter the brick particle funnel; the fluidizing plate is divided into a central ventilation perforated plate and perforated screen plates set on the front and rear sides of the ventilation perforated plate; the ventilation perforated plate is densely covered with ventilation holes; the perforated screen plates are densely covered with sieve holes; the diameter of the ventilation holes < the outer diameter of the construction waste particles to be sorted < the diameter of the sieve holes; the ventilation perforated plate does not allow the construction waste particles to be sorted to pass through, but allows airflow; the perforated screen plates allow the construction waste particles to be sorted to pass through; the top of the fluidizing plate is connected to two partition plates and several herringbone plates; the partition plates are set along the boundary between the ventilation perforated plate and the perforated screen plates; the air box is equipped with Placed between the ventilation perforated plate and the brick particle funnel, the airflow is directed upwards, with the airflow range corresponding to the ventilation perforated plate. Construction waste particles are placed in the area between the two partitions on the right end of the fluidized bed. The partitions confine the construction waste particles above the ventilation perforated plate. The construction waste particles slide down the fluidized bed to the left. The airflow from the bellows separates the construction waste particles into layers: the lighter brick particles are in the upper layer due to the airflow; the heavier concrete particles are unaffected by the airflow and are in the lower layer. The tip of the herringbone plate faces right, with both feet crossing over the top of the partitions to connect with them. The herringbone plate holds the construction waste particles in the middle... The material is distributed to the front and back sides; during the distribution process, concrete particles descend to the lower layer; brick and stone particles rise to the upper layer; a gap is left between the bottom of the herringbone plate and the top surface of the fluidized bed; the concrete particles in the lower layer continue to move towards the concrete particle funnel through the gap; the brick and stone particles in the upper layer reach the top of the perforated plate along the guidance of the herringbone plate; the perforated plate does not expel air upwards, so the brick and stone particles can fall through the perforated plate and be discharged into the brick particle funnel; several herringbone plates can cleanly separate the brick and stone particles from the construction waste particles, leaving only concrete particles to enter the concrete particle funnel and finally be discharged.
[0005] Preferably, the tip of the herringbone slab extends downward to form a blocking block; the right wall of the blocking block is set on the same side as the right wall of the tip of the herringbone slab; the tip of the herringbone slab is the first part of the herringbone slab to come into contact with the construction waste particles; the herringbone slab tip and the blocking block work together to squeeze the first concrete particles to come into contact with the concrete particles to the front and back sides, making it easier for the concrete particles and brick particles to separate into layers.
[0006] Furthermore, the left section of the partition plate has several steps arranged from low to high; the number of steps is equivalent to the number of herringbone plates; each step corresponds to a herringbone plate; the gaps under the herringbone plates arranged from right to left gradually narrow to reduce the possibility of brick and stone particles mixing into the concrete hopper.
[0007] Furthermore, adjusting plates A extend to the left from both feet of the herringbone plate; adjusting plate A has an adjusting elongated hole A parallel to the fluidizing plate; adjusting plate B extends upward from the left end of the step; adjusting plate B has an adjusting elongated hole B perpendicular to the fluidizing plate; this construction waste particle fluidized separation device also includes adjusting bolts and adjusting nuts; the adjusting bolts pass through adjusting elongated holes A and B, and are threadedly connected to the adjusting nuts, so that the herringbone plate is connected to the fluidizing plate by locking the positions of adjusting plates A and B; the position of the herringbone plate on the step can be changed through adjusting elongated holes A; the position of the herringbone plate on the step can be changed through adjusting elongated holes B. It can change the size of the gap, thereby altering the sorting effect between concrete and brick particles. It can find the optimal connection position between the herringbone plate and the partition plate for the best sorting effect. When adjusting the position of the herringbone plate, the aggregate discharged from the brick particle funnel is repeatedly fed into the fluidized bed separator for construction waste particles, while the concrete particle funnel discharges the fewest aggregate particles. The aggregate discharged from the concrete particle funnel is repeatedly fed into the fluidized bed separator for construction waste particles, while the brick particle funnel discharges the fewest aggregate particles. Only when both conditions are met simultaneously will the fluidized bed separator for construction waste particles achieve the best sorting effect.
[0008] Furthermore, the bottom of the two feet of the herringbone plate is provided with guide grooves that correspond to and match the steps; these guide grooves slide in conjunction with the steps to limit the position of the herringbone plate and improve the installation stability of the herringbone plate.
[0009] Furthermore, the leftmost blocking block is attached to the top of the ventilation panel; this is the state in which the herringbone panel best prevents brick and stone particles from mixing into the concrete hopper.
[0010] Preferably, a vibration motor is installed at the center of both the front and rear outer walls of the sorting box; the vibration motor drives the sorting box to vibrate synchronously, accelerating the stratification of construction waste particles on the ventilation plate.
[0011] Furthermore, the construction waste particle fluidized sorting device also includes a frame, mounting bases, and buffer springs; the number of mounting bases corresponds to the number of buffer springs, and they are installed on the side wall of the sorting box and connected to the upper end of the buffer springs; the lower end of the buffer springs is connected to the top of the frame; the frame supports the sorting box; the buffer springs transform this support into elastic support to buffer the impact brought by the vibrating motor.
[0012] Furthermore, there are four mounting bases and four buffer springs, distributed at the four corners of the sorting box, to increase the stability of the support.
[0013] Furthermore, the construction waste particle fluidized sorting device also includes a guide screw; the guide screw passes through the mounting base and the buffer spring in sequence and is threadedly connected to the top of the frame; the guide screw slides vertically with the mounting base to provide guidance for the vertical vibration of the sorting box, limit the vibration of the sorting box to vertical vibration, and ensure that the construction waste particles are stably separated into upper and lower layers.
[0014] Preferably, a connecting plate A extends horizontally inward from the inner wall of the right end of the sorting box; a horizontal connecting plate B is provided at the right end of the fluidizing plate; the construction waste particle fluidized sorting device also includes a connecting screw; the connecting screw passes through the connecting plate A and is threadedly connected to the connecting plate B, connecting the fluidizing plate and the sorting box into one unit; the fluidizing plate and the sorting box form a detachable connection to facilitate the installation of the air box.
[0015] Furthermore, a ventilation pipe is provided at the bottom of the air box; the ventilation pipe passes through the right wall of the brick particle funnel and is connected to the ventilation hose; the ventilation pipe is connected to an external air source through the ventilation hose to provide airflow to the air box; the ventilation hose can adapt to the vibration of the sorting box.
[0016] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: The construction waste particle fluidized separation device of the present invention has the following effects: (1) The present invention can separate concrete particles and brick and stone particles, and can ensure the purity of the screened aggregate to a certain extent. (2) The tip of the herringbone plate of the present invention cooperates with the blocking block to squeeze the concrete particles that come into contact first to the front and back sides, so that the concrete particles and brick particles can be more easily separated into layers. (3) The herringbone plate of the present invention can change the connection position to find the connection position between the herringbone plate and the separator plate that provides the best sorting effect. Attached Figure Description
[0017] Figure 1 This is a top view of the construction waste particle fluidized sorting device of the present invention; Figure 2 yes Figure 1 AA section view; Figure 3 yes Figure 2 A magnified view of the I-shaped image; Figure 4 yes Figure 2 BB section view; Figure 5 yes Figure 4 II magnified view; Figure 6 This is a perspective view of the construction waste particle fluidized sorting device of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a 3D view of the screening plate; Figure 8 It is a 3D diagram of a herringbone panel; In the diagram: 1. Sorting box, 11. Concrete particle funnel, 12. Brick particle funnel, 13. Vibrating motor, 14. Connecting plate A, 15. Reinforcing cross brace, 2. Fluidizing plate, 21. Ventilation perforated plate, 211. Ventilation hole, 22. Screen perforated plate, 221. Screen hole, 23. Separator plate, 231. Step, 2311. Adjusting plate B, 23111. Adjusting elongated hole B, 232. Baffle, 24. Herringbone plate, 241. Blocking block, 242. Adjusting plate A, 2421. Adjusting elongated hole A, 243. Guide groove, 25. Through gap, 26. Connecting plate B, 3. Air box, 31. Ventilation pipe, 4. Frame, 5. Mounting base, 6. Buffer spring, 7. Guide screw, 8. Connecting screw, 91. Adjusting bolt, 92. Adjusting nut. Detailed Implementation
[0018] Example 1: See Figure 1-8A fluidized bed separator for construction waste particles includes a separator 1, a fluidized bed 2 (lower on the left and higher on the right), and a blower 3. At the bottom of the separator 1, on the left and right sides, are a concrete particle funnel 11 and a brick particle funnel 12, used to discharge concrete particles and brick particles respectively. The left end of the fluidized bed 2 connects to the right end of the concrete particle funnel 11, and the right end connects to the upper part of the right inner wall of the separator 1, forming a downward sliding channel from right to left. Construction waste particles falling onto the fluidized bed 2 slide downwards and to the left using the downward sliding channel. The particle size of the construction waste particles is uniform. The front and rear ends of the fluidized bed 2 connect to the front and rear inner walls of the separator 1, respectively, covering the area above the brick particle funnel 12. The particles do not directly enter the brick particle funnel 12; the fluidizing plate 2 is divided into a central ventilation perforated plate 21 and perforated screen plates 22 set on the front and rear sides of the ventilation perforated plate 21; the ventilation perforated plate 21 is densely covered with ventilation holes 211; the perforated screen plate 22 is densely covered with perforated screens 221; the diameter of the ventilation holes 211 is less than the outer diameter of the construction waste particles to be sorted and less than the diameter of the perforated screens 221; the ventilation perforated plate 21 does not allow the construction waste particles to be sorted to pass through, but allows airflow to pass through; the perforated screen plate 22 allows the construction waste particles to be sorted to pass through; the top of the fluidizing plate 2 is connected to two partition plates 23 and several herringbone plates 24; the partition plates 23 are set along the boundary between the ventilation perforated plate 21 and the perforated screen plate 22; the air box 3. A ventilation box 24 is positioned between the ventilation perforated plate 21 and the brick particle funnel 12, with upward airflow and an airflow range corresponding to the ventilation perforated plate 21. Construction waste particles are placed in the area between the two partition plates 23 on the right end of the fluidized plate 2. The partition plates 23 can confine the construction waste particles above the ventilation perforated plate 21. The construction waste particles slide down to the left along the fluidized plate 2. The air box 3 discharges air, separating the construction waste particles into layers. The brick particles are lighter and are located in the upper layer due to the wind force. The concrete particles are heavier and are not affected by the wind force, located in the lower layer. The tip of the herringbone plate 24 faces right, with its two feet crossing over the top of the partition plate 23 and connecting with the partition plate 23. The herringbone plate 24 holds the construction waste particles located in the middle. The particles are distributed to the front and rear sides; during the distribution process, concrete particles descend to the lower layer; brick and stone particles rise to the upper layer; a gap 25 is left between the bottom of the herringbone plate 24 and the top surface of the fluidized plate 2; the concrete particles in the lower layer continue to move towards the concrete particle funnel 11 through the gap 25; the brick and stone particles in the upper layer reach the screen plate 22 above the screen plate 22 under the guidance of the herringbone plate 24; the screen plate 22 does not exhaust air upwards, so the brick and stone particles can fall through the screen plate 22 and be discharged into the brick particle funnel 12; several herringbone plates 24 can cleanly separate the brick and stone particles in the construction waste particles, leaving only concrete particles to enter the concrete particle funnel 11 and finally be discharged.
[0019] Compared with existing technologies, the present invention can separate concrete particles and masonry particles, and provides a certain guarantee for the purity of the screened aggregates.
[0020] A blocking block 241 extends downward from the tip of the herringbone slab 24; the right wall of the blocking block 241 is set on the same side as the right wall of the tip of the herringbone slab 24; the tip of the herringbone slab 24 is the first part of the herringbone slab 24 to come into contact with the construction waste particles; the tip of the herringbone slab 24 and the blocking block 241 work together to squeeze the first concrete particles to come into contact with the concrete particles to the front and back sides, so that the concrete particles and the brick and stone particles can be more easily separated into layers.
[0021] The left section of the partition plate 23 has several steps 231 arranged from low to high; the number of steps 231 is equivalent to the number of herringbone slabs 24; each step 231 corresponds to a herringbone slab 24; the gaps 25 below the herringbone slabs 24 arranged from right to left gradually decrease, reducing the possibility of brick and stone particles mixing into the concrete particle funnel 11. In this embodiment, there are three steps 231 and three herringbone slabs 24.
[0022] Both legs of the herringbone plate 24 extend to the left to form adjusting plates A 242; adjusting plates A 242 are provided with adjusting elongated holes A 2421 parallel to the fluidizing plate 2; adjusting plates B 2311 extend upward from the left end of the step 231; adjusting plates B 2311 are provided with adjusting elongated holes B 23111 perpendicular to the fluidizing plate 2; the construction waste particle fluidized separation device also includes adjusting bolts 91 and adjusting nuts 92; adjusting bolts 91 pass through adjusting elongated holes A 2421 and B 23111, and are threadedly connected to adjusting nuts 92, so that the herringbone plate 24 is connected to the fluidizing plate 2 by locking the positions of adjusting plates A 242 and B 2311; the adjusting elongated holes A 2421 can be used to change the position of the herringbone plate. The position of 24 on step 231; by adjusting the elongated hole 23111, the size of the gap 25 can be changed; thereby changing the sorting effect of concrete particles and brick particles, the connection position of the herringbone plate 24 and the partition plate 23 with the best sorting effect can be found; when adjusting the position of the herringbone plate 24, the aggregate discharged from the brick particle funnel 12 is repeatedly fed into the construction waste particle fluidized separation device, and the concrete particle funnel 11 discharges the least amount of aggregate particles; the aggregate discharged from the concrete particle funnel 11 is repeatedly fed into the construction waste particle fluidized separation device, and the brick particle funnel 12 discharges the least amount of aggregate particles; only when both conditions are met simultaneously, the sorting effect of the construction waste particle fluidized separation device is the best.
[0023] The bottom of the two feet of the herringbone plate 24 is provided with guide grooves 243 that correspond to and match the steps 231; the guide grooves 243 slide with the steps 231 to limit the position of the herringbone plate 24 and improve the installation stability of the herringbone plate 24.
[0024] The leftmost blocking block 241 is attached to the top of the ventilation plate; this is the state in which the herringbone plate 24 can best prevent brick and stone particles from mixing into the concrete particle funnel 11.
[0025] Vibration motors 13 are installed at the center of the front and rear outer walls of the sorting box 1. The vibration motors 13 drive the sorting box 1 to vibrate synchronously, accelerating the stratification of construction waste particles on the ventilation plate 21.
[0026] The construction waste particle fluidized sorting device also includes a frame 4, a mounting base 5, and a buffer spring 6; the mounting base 5 corresponds to the number of buffer springs 6, is installed on the side wall of the sorting box 1, and is connected to the upper end of the buffer spring 6; the lower end of the buffer spring 6 is connected to the top of the frame 4; the frame 4 supports the sorting box 1; the buffer spring 6 transforms this support into an elastic support to buffer the impact brought by the vibration motor 13.
[0027] There are four mounting bases 5 and four buffer springs 6, distributed at the four corners of the sorting box 1 to increase the stability of the support.
[0028] The construction waste particle fluidized sorting device also includes a guide screw 7; the guide screw 7 passes through the mounting base 5 and the buffer spring 6 in sequence, and is threadedly connected to the top of the frame 4; the guide screw 7 and the mounting base 5 slide vertically together to provide guidance for the vertical vibration of the sorting box 1, limit the vibration of the sorting box 1 to vertical vibration, and ensure that the construction waste particles are stably separated into upper and lower layers.
[0029] A connecting plate A 14 extends horizontally inward from the inner wall of the right end of the sorting box 1; a horizontal connecting plate B 26 is provided at the right end of the fluidizing plate 2; the construction waste particle fluidizing sorting device also includes a connecting screw 8; the connecting screw 8 passes through the connecting plate A 14 and is threadedly connected to the connecting plate B 26, connecting the fluidizing plate 2 and the sorting box 1 into one unit; the fluidizing plate 2 and the sorting box 1 form a detachable connection to facilitate the installation of the air box 3.
[0030] The top center of the sorting box 1 is provided with a front-to-back reinforcing cross brace 15; the end of the reinforcing cross brace 15 is fixed to the inner wall of the sorting box 1 to increase the structural strength of the sorting box 1 to adapt to the vibration of the sorting box 1.
[0031] The working process of this embodiment includes the following steps: ① Dispose of construction waste pellets Place the construction waste particles between the two partition plates 23 on the right end of the fluidized plate 2; the construction waste particles must not exceed the partition plates 23, and preferably be placed on the connecting plate 26. ② The upper and lower layers of concrete particles and brick particles When the vibrating motor 13 starts, it causes the construction waste particles on the fluidized plate 2 to gradually move to the left and slide down the ventilation hole plate 21. The air box 3 continuously blows air, which acts on the construction waste particles through the ventilation holes 211, causing the brick and stone particles to float up, while the concrete particles still move down along the ventilation hole plate 21, thus achieving upper and lower stratification. The mixed concrete particles and brick and stone particles are either dispersed due to the vibration of the vibrating motor 13 or due to the obstruction and guidance of the blocking block 241. The upper and lower stratification of concrete particles and brick particles is achieved during the dispersion process. ③ Sorting of concrete particles and brick particles Concrete particles in the lower layer are guided through gaps 25 and partition plates 23 into concrete particle funnel 11, and finally discharged from concrete particle funnel 11; brick and stone particles in the upper layer are guided by herringbone plates 24, cross partition plates 23, and reach above screen plate 22; there is no airflow from bellows 3 above screen plate 22, so they eventually enter brick particle funnel 12 through screen holes 221 on screen plate 22 and are discharged. For smaller dust particles, the airflow from bellows 3 can directly blow them out of sorting box 1.
[0032] Example 2: Example 2 is basically the same as Example 1, and the similarities will not be repeated. The difference is that: the bottom of the air box 3 is provided with a ventilation pipe 31; the ventilation pipe 31 passes through the right wall of the brick particle funnel 12 and is connected to the ventilation hose; the ventilation pipe 31 is connected to the external air source through the ventilation hose to provide airflow to the air box 3; the ventilation hose can adapt to the vibration of the sorting box 1.
[0033] The left end of the partition plate 23 is provided with an outwardly extending baffle 232; the bottom end of the baffle 232 is connected to the screen plate 22, and the outer end is connected to the inner wall of the sorting box 1; the baffle 232 can prevent brick and stone particles from entering the concrete particle funnel 11.
Claims
1. A fluidized bed separator for construction waste particles, characterized in that, The system includes a sorting box, a fluidized bed with a lower left side and a higher right side, and an air box. At the bottom of the sorting box, on the left and right sides are a concrete particle funnel and a brick particle funnel, respectively. The left end of the fluidized bed connects to the right end of the concrete particle funnel, and the right end connects to the upper part of the right inner wall of the sorting box. The front and rear ends of the fluidized bed connect to the front and rear inner walls of the sorting box, respectively. The fluidized bed consists of a central ventilation perforated plate and perforated screen plates located on the front and rear sides of the ventilation perforated plate. The ventilation perforated plate is densely covered with ventilation holes; the perforated screen plates are densely covered with sieve holes. The diameter of the ventilation holes is less than the outer diameter of the construction waste particles to be sorted, which is less than the diameter of the sieve holes. Two partition plates and several herringbone plates are connected to the top of the fluidized bed. The partition plates are set along the boundary between the ventilation perforated plate and the perforated screen plates. The air box is located between the ventilation perforated plate and the brick particle funnel, discharging air upwards, with the airflow range corresponding to and matching the ventilation perforated plate. The tips of the herringbone plates face right, with their two ends crossing over the top of the partition plates and connecting to them. A gap is left between the bottom of the herringbone plate and the top surface of the fluidizing plate; the left section of the partition plate has several steps arranged from low to high; the number of steps is equal to the number of herringbone plates; each step corresponds to a herringbone plate; both feet of the herringbone plate extend to the left to form an adjustment plate A; the adjustment plate A has an adjustment elongated hole A parallel to the fluidizing plate; the left end of the step extends upward to form an adjustment plate B; the adjustment plate B has an adjustment elongated hole B perpendicular to the fluidizing plate; the construction waste particle fluidized separation device also includes an adjustment bolt and an adjustment nut; the adjustment bolt passes through the adjustment elongated hole A and the adjustment elongated hole B and is threadedly connected to the adjustment nut.
2. The construction waste particle fluidized bed sorting device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A blocking block extends downward from the tip of the herringbone plate; the right wall of the blocking block is set on the same side as the right wall of the tip of the herringbone plate.
3. The construction waste particle fluidized bed sorting device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom of the two feet of the herringbone plate is provided with guide grooves that correspond to and match the steps; the guide grooves slide in conjunction with the steps.
4. The construction waste particle fluidized bed sorting device according to claim 1, characterized in that: Vibration motors are installed at the center of both the front and rear outer walls of the sorting box.
5. The construction waste particle fluidized bed sorting device according to claim 4, characterized in that: It also includes a frame, mounting base, and buffer springs; the number of mounting bases corresponds to the number of buffer springs, and they are installed on the side wall of the sorting box and connected to the upper end of the buffer springs; the lower end of the buffer springs is connected to the top of the frame.
6. The construction waste particle fluidized bed sorting device according to claim 5, characterized in that: It also includes a guide screw; the guide screw passes through the mounting base and the buffer spring in sequence and is threaded to the top of the frame; the guide screw slides vertically with the mounting base.
7. The construction waste particle fluidized bed sorting device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A connecting plate A extends horizontally inward from the inner wall of the right end of the sorting box; a horizontal connecting plate B is provided at the right end of the fluidizing plate; the construction waste particle fluidizing sorting device also includes a connecting screw; the connecting screw passes through the connecting plate A and is threadedly connected to the connecting plate B.
8. The construction waste particle fluidized bed sorting device according to claim 7, characterized in that: A ventilation pipe is installed at the bottom of the bellows; the ventilation pipe passes through the right wall of the brick particle funnel and is connected to the ventilation hose.
Citation Information
Patent Citations
Fluidization dry type sorting equipment used for sorting solid particle materials
CN108499863A
Wheat impurity removing device for agricultural machinery
CN112191524A