Device and method for developing shallow layer super heavy oil by using aerosol

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of shallow and thin layer heavy oil exploitation, and particularly relates to a device and method for developing shallow and thin layer super heavy oil by using aerosol. The technical scheme is as follows: the atomization reactor is installed on the base through the atomization reactor support and is connected with the nitrogen gas pump truck through the nitrogen gas inlet; the other end of the atomization reactor is connected with the flow disturber, and the upper side of the atomization reactor is provided with a plurality of high-pressure atomization nozzles; the medicine injection metering pump is connected with the bottom of the medicine storage tank through the medicine low-pressure pipeline filter, the high-pressure pipeline of the medicine injection metering pump is connected with the high-pressure medicine bag type storage tank through the pressure maintaining overflow valve, and then is connected with the high-pressure atomization nozzles on the upper side of the atomization reactor through the gas-liquid separator. The present application improves the seepage field, reconstructs the pressure field by using nitrogen gas, and supplements the temperature field by using steam, and is a three-stage slug type process method, which can effectively exploit the shallow and thin layer super heavy oil reservoir, synergistically reduces the steam consumption with the steam huff and puff, and reduces the carbon emission by 20%-30%.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of shallow, thin-layer heavy oil extraction technology, and in particular to an apparatus and method for developing shallow, thin-layer extra-heavy oil using aerosols. Background Technology

[0002] Shallow heavy oil reservoirs in western my country are mainly distributed in the Junggar Basin and Turpan-Hami Basin. These reservoirs are generally characterized by being shallow, thin, and viscous. One type of reservoir is extremely shallow, generally less than 300 meters deep, and in some areas only 60-70 meters deep. Furthermore, the reservoir layers in this type of reservoir are relatively thin, generally no more than 10 meters thick, and the underground viscosity of the crude oil is high, often exceeding 50,000 millipascals, and sometimes reaching the million-level. These shallow, thin-layered ultra-heavy oil reservoirs have great potential for resource exploitation, but currently face many technical challenges in development, preventing effective development.

[0003] These types of reservoirs employ conventional steam injection methods, which limit steam chamber expansion. The existing formation temperature is low, the overlying strata are thin, resulting in significant steam heat loss and low thermal efficiency. Furthermore, steam upwelling is prone to occur. Additionally, the crude oil in these reservoirs has high viscosity and poor fluidity due to underground conditions. Especially after the crude oil's viscosity decreases upon heating, rapid heat dissipation causes a rapid increase in viscosity, leading to short well production times and low cyclic production. Moreover, the reservoirs are shallow, with low formation pressure and low formation fracturing pressure, resulting in high steam injection pressure and limited injection rate. This leads to poor well recovery and flowback capabilities, resulting in low water recovery rates and a high risk of reservoir damage. For these reasons, the oil-steam ratio in the development of these reservoirs is generally very low, resulting in poor economic returns and severely hindering their later development.

[0004] Conventional development methods for heavy oil reservoirs mainly include thermal recovery and chemical viscosity reduction technologies. Because heavy oil is highly sensitive to temperature, its viscosity decreases by approximately 50% for every 10°C increase in temperature. Therefore, thermal recovery is the most core and mature technology for heavy oil development. Thermal recovery technologies for heavy oil reservoirs in western China mainly include steam injection, steam drive, SAGD (Super Aquaculture Gravity Drainage), and thermochemical combined injection. Among these, dual-horizontal-well SAGD technology has been successfully applied to the development of shallow extra-heavy oil. However, SAGD technology requires a relatively thick reservoir with relatively weak heterogeneity, and its utilization capacity is poor for reservoirs with a reservoir thickness of <10m. Furthermore, this technology has high investment and operating costs and high energy consumption. Existing technologies such as HDNS and HDCS, which use nitrogen or carbon dioxide and viscosity reducers to assist horizontal well steam injection, have shown good development results in heavy oil reservoirs with burial depths greater than 800 meters and burial depths of around 400-500 meters, respectively. However, their effects are not significant when applied to the development of ultra-shallow and ultra-thin heavy oil reservoirs. Therefore, there is an urgent need to design a high-efficiency production enhancement technology and supporting equipment that can effectively improve the recovery rate of shallow and thin heavy oil reservoirs.

[0005] In addition, Chinese patent number CN202211566041.8, entitled "A Device and Method for Enhancing Oil Recovery in Heavy Oil Reservoirs through Thermal Recovery," includes a feedwater pump, a primary softening tank, a secondary softening tank, a deaerator, a plunger pump, a boiler, and a steam-water separator connected in sequence. An aerosol generator and an expansion tank are connected to the steam-water separator. The aerosol generator is connected to the thermal recovery well. The invention also discloses a method for enhancing oil recovery in heavy oil reservoirs through thermal recovery. This invention is applicable to the field of heavy oil steam injection thermal recovery development technology. It involves atomizing a catalyst solution to form a high-temperature aerosol smaller than 100 micrometers. High-dryness steam carries the long-term stability of the catalytic aerosol containing catalytic reforming components, and the catalytic reforming is suspended. At a high temperature environment above 240°C, the catalyst fully contacts the crude oil, forming a hydrothermal catalytic reforming process. This fully reforms and reduces the viscosity of the non-flowable, high-viscosity crude oil within the formation, improving the fluidity of the crude oil within the formation and significantly increasing the oil recovery rate. However, its shortcomings are as follows: the invention injects aerosols and high-dryness steam into the well simultaneously, while in heavy oil development, the steam temperature is usually above 240°C, or even reaches 300-350°C. This requires the catalyst to meet the high-temperature requirements; otherwise, the catalytic aerosol will fail at this high temperature, leading to a decrease in extraction efficiency. In addition, the aerosol generating device has a simple and extensive structure, and the generated aerosol has insufficient stability. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to address the aforementioned deficiencies in the existing technology by providing an apparatus and method for developing shallow, ultra-heavy oil reservoirs using aerosols. This invention improves the seepage field with aerosols, rebuilds the pressure field with nitrogen, and replenishes the temperature field with steam. It is a three-stage slug-type process that can effectively exploit shallow, ultra-heavy oil reservoirs with a layer thickness of less than 10m and a burial depth of less than 300m.

[0007] The present invention discloses an apparatus for developing shallow, ultra-heavy oil using aerosols. The technical solution includes a base and a local electrical control cabinet, wherein the apparatus further includes an atomizing reactor, a flow disruptor, a metering pump, a high-pressure reagent bladder storage tank, a gas-liquid separator, and a reagent storage tank, all mounted on the base.

[0008] The atomizing reactor is mounted on a base via an atomizing reactor bracket. One end of the atomizing reactor has an atomizing reactor inlet, which is connected to a nitrogen inlet pipeline via a nitrogen inlet pipeline check valve. The nitrogen inlet pipeline is equipped with a nitrogen inlet pipeline pressure transmitter and a nitrogen inlet pipeline flow meter, and is connected to a nitrogen pump truck via a nitrogen inlet. The other end of the atomizing reactor is connected to a flow disruptor, and the flow disruptor outlet is connected to a wellhead pipeline via an aerosol outlet pipeline. The aerosol outlet pipeline is equipped with an aerosol outlet pressure transmitter. Multiple high-pressure atomizing nozzles are provided on the upper side of the atomizing reactor.

[0009] The metering pump is driven by a variable frequency motor. The low-pressure port of the metering pump is connected to the bottom of the drug storage tank through a low-pressure drug pipeline filter. A local electrical control cabinet is installed on one side of the drug storage tank. The high-pressure pipeline of the metering pump is connected to the inlet of the pressure-holding overflow valve through the high-pressure port of the metering pump. The other end of the pressure-holding overflow valve is connected to the high-pressure drug bladder storage tank through a high-pressure pipeline. The output end of the high-pressure drug bladder storage tank is connected to the high-pressure atomizing nozzle on the upper side of the atomizing reactor through a gas-liquid separator.

[0010] Preferably, the atomizing reactor is equipped with a high-pressure atomizing nozzle base, and multiple high-pressure atomizing nozzles are installed on the lower side of the high-pressure atomizing nozzle base, extending into the inner cavity of the atomizing reactor; multiple atomizing injection control valves are installed on the upper side of the high-pressure atomizing nozzle base, and each atomizing injection control valve controls the injection frequency and injection volume of one or more high-pressure atomizing nozzles respectively; the agent from the gas-liquid separator enters the atomizing reactor through the high-pressure atomizing nozzles to form primary particle size agent particles, which then fuse with nitrogen gas entering the atomizing reactor to form an aerosol, which is then sent to the turbulence generator.

[0011] Preferably, the high-pressure atomizing nozzle base is provided with a high-pressure atomizing nozzle base inlet on its side, and an atomizing reactor vent valve is provided below the atomizing reactor.

[0012] Preferably, the above-mentioned baffle is provided with a baffle plate, which has a spiral structure. The baffle plate further breaks up the aerosol formed in the atomizing reactor and ensures a stable output of aerosol from the aerosol outlet.

[0013] Preferably, the gas-liquid separator is provided with a gas-liquid separator exhaust valve at the upper end and a gas-liquid separator vent valve at the lower end. The other end of the gas-liquid separator is connected to a check valve of the high-pressure agent pipeline through a pressure transmitter of the high-pressure agent pipeline. The outlet of the check valve of the high-pressure agent pipeline is connected to the inlet of the high-pressure atomizing nozzle base of the high-pressure atomizing nozzle base through a high-pressure pipeline.

[0014] Preferably, the top of the aforementioned drug storage tank is connected to a self-priming pump via a pipeline, and the self-priming pump is connected to a motor; the top of the drug storage tank is provided with a drug storage tank return port and a drug storage tank vent, and the drug storage tank return port is connected to the return port of the pressure-holding overflow valve via a pipeline; the drug storage tank is provided with a drug storage tank level transmitter.

[0015] The method for developing shallow, ultra-heavy oil layers using aerosols mentioned in this invention comprises the following steps:

[0016] Step 1: Agent selection. Through laboratory experiments, viscosity reducers are evaluated and screened on field heavy oil samples to select the agent with the best compatibility with the target reservoir.

[0017] Step 2: Optimize design parameters. Based on reservoir properties, fluid properties and formation pressure, optimize the gas-liquid ratio. Use the STARS module of CMG numerical simulation software to optimize the steam injection scale, steam injection rate and slug injection sequence parameters.

[0018] Step 3: Run the injection and production dual tubing string into the well according to the design requirements. Steam is injected through the secondary tubing, and oil is produced through the main tubing.

[0019] Step 4: Aerosol slug injection. Using an aerosol-based device to develop shallow, ultra-heavy oil, viscosity reducers and nitrogen are atomized in an atomizing reactor to form a gas-liquid two-phase active aerosol, which is then pre-injected into the formation. The pumping speed and nitrogen truck displacement are adjusted in conjunction with the optimized gas-liquid ratio to complete the slug injection and well shut-in reaction.

[0020] Step 5: Steam injection slug injection. During the steam injection process, nitrogen is injected into the annulus to utilize the high expansion coefficient and poor thermal conductivity of nitrogen to replenish formation energy and reduce wellbore heat loss and steam over-coverage issues.

[0021] Step Six: Adjusting Process Parameters. The injection process is dynamically adjusted based on the construction process and actual development conditions to optimize the slug combination, injection timing, and actual injection volume. Due to the rapid heat loss in shallow heavy oil reservoirs, there are situations where the wellhead temperature drops sharply and the amount of returned fluid is low. Based on the actual production dynamics, multiple rounds of small amounts of steam are added to heat the slugs, restore the temperature at the wellbore, improve the fluidity of heavy oil in the wellbore, and ensure the continuous return of formation fluid.

[0022] Preferably, the method for preparing the aerosol mentioned in step four above includes the following processes:

[0023] (i) Connect the nitrogen inlet to the nitrogen pump truck, connect the aerosol outlet to the wellhead pipeline, and then connect the explosion-proof socket to the power supply. After turning on the power supply through the local electrical control cabinet, input the required aerosol ratio value on the touch screen. The self-priming pump motor drives the self-priming pump to pump the agent to the agent storage tank. The agent storage tank level transmitter detects the liquid level height of the agent storage tank. When the liquid level exceeds the set height, both the local electrical control cabinet and the remote controller will alarm, and the self-priming pump motor will stop at the same time.

[0024] (ii) The local electrical control cabinet calculates the on-time of the atomizing injection control valve based on the instantaneous data of the nitrogen inlet pipeline flow meter, the input required aerosol ratio value and the injection flow parameters of the high-pressure atomizing nozzle. Through the precise control of the atomizing injection control valve, primary particle size of the agent is obtained in the atomizing reactor and fused with nitrogen to form primary particle size aerosol.

[0025] (iii) The aerosols formed in the atomizing reactor with primary particle size enter the turbulence breaker. Under the action of the spiral-shaped turbulence breaker, physical collision and shearing are achieved, which further breaks the mist particles into micron-sized particles, increases the atomization surface area, further stabilizes the gas flow field, and allows the aerosols with more stable proportions to enter the wellhead pipeline through the aerosol outlet and be injected into the oil and gas well.

[0026] (iv) The local electrical control cabinet calculates the operating frequency of the variable frequency motor of the drug metering pump based on the instantaneous data of the nitrogen inlet pipeline flow meter, the input required aerosol ratio value and the discharge parameters of the drug metering pump, and provides sufficient high-pressure agent to the atomizing reactor by controlling the variable frequency motor of the drug metering pump.

[0027] (v) The local electrical control cabinet controls the opening and closing of the pressure holding overflow valve based on the real-time data from the pressure transmitter of the nitrogen inlet pipeline and the pressure transmitter of the high-pressure agent pipeline, thereby ensuring a stable pressure difference at the high-pressure atomizing nozzle; if the pressure and flow rate of the nitrogen inlet change during the entire construction process, the local electrical control cabinet controls the atomizing injection control valve, the frequency conversion motor of the drug metering pump and the pressure holding overflow valve to obtain a stable proportion of aerosol again;

[0028] (vi) Install a high-pressure pipeline filter for the agent at the outlet of the pressure-holding overflow valve to filter the agent and prevent the high-pressure atomizing nozzle from clogging;

[0029] Installing a high-pressure agent bladder storage tank in the high-pressure agent pipeline can not only store high-pressure agents, but also eliminate pressure pulsation, thereby providing a stable and sufficient agent source for the high-pressure atomizing nozzle; installing a gas-liquid separator in the high-pressure agent pipeline allows the gas in the high-pressure pipeline to be discharged through the gas-liquid separator's vent valve, ensuring the accurate dosage of agent supplied to the high-pressure nozzle.

[0030] (vii) By installing a remote controller, remote monitoring and control can be carried out. When any abnormal pressure occurs, the equipment will issue an alarm message and shut down the equipment in an emergency.

[0031] Preferably, the algorithm for the injection frequency of the atomizing injection control valve is as follows:

[0032] Let m be the aerosol ratio required for input to the local control cabinet touchscreen; and let Q be the nitrogen flow rate of the nitrogen inlet pipeline flow meter. 气 The single injection volume of the high-pressure atomizing nozzle is Q. 嘴 The number of atomizing injection control valves is 3; the number of high-pressure atomizing nozzles is 6.

[0033] The injection frequency f of the atomizing injection control valve is obtained. 阀 for:

[0034] .

[0035] Preferably, the algorithm for the operating frequency of the variable frequency motor of the drug metering pump is as follows:

[0036] Assume the required aerosol ratio for inputting the local control cabinet touchscreen is m; and the nitrogen flow rate of the nitrogen inlet pipeline flow meter is Q. 气 The displacement of the metering pump is Q. 泵 The displacement Q of the metering pump for drug administration 泵 The operating speed is n; the motor slip is s; the number of motor pole pairs is p; and the redundancy factor is R.

[0037] The frequency of the variable frequency motor of the drug metering pump is:

[0038] .

[0039] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0040] (1) The present invention adopts a three-stage slug type of “active aerosol pre-slug + nitrogen-accompanied steam huff and puff + steam thermal connection treatment slug”, and a cold production + hot production combined injection process, which solves the development problem of ultra-shallow and thin layer heavy oil reservoirs, especially in the case of continuous oil layer thickness <10m, and realizes the efficient development of this type of reservoir.

[0041] (2) The ratio of dispersed phase and dispersion medium in the aerosol is adjusted according to the optimized gas-liquid ratio. This invention can adjust the injection pressure by adjusting the injection rate of the dispersed phase or dispersion medium, thus avoiding the problem of excessive injection pressure. The pre-aerosol elastic fluid properties can reduce the resistance of the steam slug steam chamber expansion, reduce the steam injection pressure to a safe window, and alleviate the problem of the steam injection pressure in ultra-shallow reservoirs approaching the formation fracturing pressure. Then, the steam injection parameters are optimized by CMG software to simulate the maximum steam injection rate without reaching the formation fracturing pressure, which satisfies the requirements of fast injection and fast recovery, improves thermal efficiency, and avoids the risk of reservoir fracturing or even surface steam channeling.

[0042] (3) In this invention, the viscosity reducer is atomized into an aerosol and injected into the reservoir. Compared with technologies such as HDNS, the viscosity reducer is evenly distributed in the gas and has uniform particle size. The dispersed phase is a nano-sized liquid particle that can travel a greater distance with the gas and can enter the deep part of the formation, thus expanding the treatment range. The aerosol is a non-wetting phase gas with no boundary layer, which can easily enter the micropore throat and fully contact the crude oil, effectively improving the flowability of the crude oil and increasing the micro-displacement efficiency.

[0043] (4) Optimize the reservoir seepage field by utilizing the elastic fluid properties of aerosols and combine it with the subsequent steam injection slug to expand the steam sweep range, alleviate the unevenness of planar and vertical mobilization, and improve the heavy oil mobilization rate.

[0044] (5) After aerosol atomization, it is injected in a gas-liquid two-phase flow, which avoids the reservoir sensitivity problem of traditional steam huff and puff injection and reduces reservoir damage;

[0045] (6) Nitrogen has the characteristics of energy enhancement and heat insulation, which can extend the production cycle and reduce the frequency of steam injection; it can work synergistically with steam injection to reduce steam consumption and reduce carbon emissions by 20%-30%, and it does not require fresh water allocation, thus alleviating water resource pressure; while reducing development costs, it can achieve efficient and green development of heavy oil reservoirs and improve economic benefits.

[0046] (7) Based on the instantaneous data of the nitrogen inlet pipeline flow meter, the required aerosol ratio and the injection flow rate of the high-pressure atomizing nozzle, the primary particle size of the agent is obtained in the atomizing reactor through the precise control of the atomizing injection control valve, and then fused with nitrogen to form a primary particle size aerosol.

[0047] (8) The primary particle size aerosol enters the turbulence generator, and through physical collision and shearing, the mist particles are further broken into micron-sized particles to increase the atomization surface area and further stabilize the gas flow field, so that the proportion of aerosol at the outlet is more stable.

[0048] (9) Parameters such as nitrogen flow rate and required aerosol ratio are used to adjust the working frequency of the variable frequency motor of the drug metering pump in real time to provide sufficient high-pressure agent for the atomizing reactor. Attached Figure Description

[0049] Figure 1 This is a structural schematic diagram of the present invention excluding the skid-mounted housing;

[0050] Figure 2 This is a structural schematic diagram of the present invention from another angle, excluding the skid-mounted housing;

[0051] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention;

[0052] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the rear structure of the present invention;

[0053] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the high-pressure pharmaceutical system of the present invention;

[0054] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the atomizing reactor and the flow disruptor of the present invention;

[0055] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the atomizing reactor and the high-pressure atomizing nozzle base of the present invention;

[0056] Figure 8 This is a downhole schematic diagram of the injection-production dual-tube string of the present invention;

[0057] In the diagram: 1. Metering pump; 1.1 Low-pressure port of metering pump; 1.2 High-pressure port of metering pump; 2. Variable frequency motor of metering pump; 3. Pressure holding overflow valve; 3.1 Inlet of pressure holding overflow valve; 3.2 Outlet of pressure holding overflow valve; 3.3 Return port of pressure holding overflow valve; 4. Local electrical control cabinet; 4.1 Touch screen; 5. Liquid level transmitter of drug storage tank; 6. Drug storage tank; 6.1 Return port of drug storage tank; 7. Breathing port of drug storage tank; 8. Support of drug storage tank; 9. 10. Self-priming pump for drug delivery; 10. Aerosol outlet; 10.1. Aerosol outlet pipeline; 11. Aerosol outlet pressure transmitter; 12. Baffle; 12.1. Baffle outlet; 13. Self-priming pump motor for drug delivery; 14. Atomizing reactor vent valve; 15. Atomizing reactor; 15.1. Atomizing reactor inlet; 16. Atomizing reactor support; 17. Nitrogen inlet pipeline check valve; 18. Nitrogen inlet pipeline pressure transmitter; 19. Pipeline support; 20. Nitrogen inlet pipeline flow meter; 2 1. Nitrogen inlet; 21.1. Nitrogen inlet pipeline; 22. Local electrical control cabinet bracket; 23. Low-pressure pharmaceutical pipeline filter; 24. High-pressure pharmaceutical bladder storage tank; 25. Injection metering pump frequency converter motor controller; 26. Skid-mounted enclosure; 27. Base; 28. Explosion-proof socket; 29. ​​High-pressure pharmaceutical pipeline pressure transmitter; 30. High-pressure pharmaceutical pipeline check valve; 30.1. High-pressure pharmaceutical pipeline check valve outlet; 31. Gas-liquid separator vent valve; 32. High-pressure pharmaceutical bladder storage tank connector; 33. High-pressure chemical pipeline filter; 33.1. High-pressure chemical pipeline filter inlet; 34. Gas-liquid separator exhaust valve; 35. Gas-liquid separator; 36. Atomizing injection control valve; 37. High-pressure atomizing nozzle base; 37.1. High-pressure atomizing nozzle base inlet; 38. Baffle plate; 39. High-pressure atomizing nozzle; 40. Remote controller; 41. Main pipe; 42. Secondary pipe; 43. Equal diameter sucker rod; 44. Long plunger pump; 45. Sand-proof fish head; 46. Artificial bottom; 47. Casing. Detailed Implementation

[0058] The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the preferred embodiments described herein are for illustration and explanation only and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0059] Example 1, referring to Figures 1-8 The present invention mentions an apparatus for developing shallow, ultra-heavy oil using aerosols, comprising a base 27 and a local electrical control cabinet 4, wherein: it also includes an atomizing reactor 15, a baffle 12, a drug metering pump 1, a high-pressure drug bladder storage tank 24, a gas-liquid separator 35 and a drug storage box 6 installed on the base 27, and the above-mentioned equipment is covered by a skid-mounted enclosure 26.

[0060] The atomizing reactor 15 is mounted on the base 27 via an atomizing reactor bracket 16. One end of the atomizing reactor 15 has an atomizing reactor inlet 15.1, which is connected to a nitrogen inlet pipeline 21.1 via a nitrogen inlet pipeline check valve 17. A nitrogen inlet pipeline pressure transmitter 18 and a nitrogen inlet pipeline flow meter 20 are installed on the nitrogen inlet pipeline 21.1, which is connected to a nitrogen pump truck via a nitrogen inlet 21. The other end of the atomizing reactor 15 is connected to the baffle 12. The outlet 12.1 of the baffle is connected to the wellhead pipeline through the aerosol outlet pipeline 10.1 and the aerosol outlet 10. An aerosol outlet pressure transmitter 11 is provided on the aerosol outlet pipeline 10.1. The aerosol outlet pipeline 10.1 and the nitrogen inlet pipeline 21.1 are respectively installed on multiple pipeline supports 19. Each pipeline support 19 is fixed on the base 27. Multiple high-pressure atomizing nozzles 39 are provided on the upper side of the atomizing reactor 15.

[0061] The metering pump 1 is driven by a variable frequency motor 2, which is controlled by a variable frequency motor controller 25. The low-pressure port 1.1 of the metering pump 1 is connected to the bottom of the drug storage tank 6 via a low-pressure pipeline filter 23. The drug storage tank 6 is mounted on a support bracket 8. A local control cabinet 4 is mounted on one side of the drug storage tank 6 via a local control cabinet bracket 22, and a remote controller 40 is operated from the control room. 4 is existing technology and will not be described in detail; the high-pressure pipeline of the drug metering pump 1 is connected to the pressure-holding overflow valve inlet 3.1 of the pressure-holding overflow valve 3 through the high-pressure port 1.2 of the drug metering pump. The other end of the pressure-holding overflow valve 3 is connected to the high-pressure drug bladder storage tank 24 through the high-pressure pipeline. The high-pressure drug bladder storage tank 24 is connected to the high-pressure pipeline through the high-pressure drug bladder storage tank connector 32. The output end of the high-pressure drug bladder storage tank 24 is connected to the high-pressure atomizing nozzle 39 on the upper side of the atomizing reactor 15 through the gas-liquid separator 35.

[0062] Reference Figure 6 and Figure 7 The atomizing reactor 15 mentioned in this invention is provided with a high-pressure atomizing nozzle base 37, and multiple high-pressure atomizing nozzles 39 are installed on the lower side of the high-pressure atomizing nozzle base 37. The high-pressure atomizing nozzles 39 extend into the inner cavity of the atomizing reactor 15. Multiple atomizing injection control valves 36 are installed on the upper side of the high-pressure atomizing nozzle base 37. Each atomizing injection control valve 36 controls the injection frequency and injection volume of one or more high-pressure atomizing nozzles 39. The agent from the gas-liquid separator 35 enters the atomizing reactor 15 through the high-pressure atomizing nozzles 39 to form primary particle size agent particles. The primary particle size agent particles then merge with the nitrogen gas entering the atomizing reactor 15 to form an aerosol, which is then sent to the baffle 12.

[0063] Reference Figure 7 The high-pressure atomizing nozzle base 37 mentioned in this invention has a high-pressure atomizing nozzle base inlet 37.1 installed on its side, and an atomizing reactor vent valve 14 is provided below the atomizing reactor 15.

[0064] Reference Figure 6 The baffle 12 mentioned in this invention is provided with a baffle plate 38, which has a spiral structure. The baffle plate 38 further breaks down the aerosol formed in the atomizing reactor 15 and makes the aerosol output from the aerosol outlet 10 stable.

[0065] Reference Figure 5 The gas-liquid separator 35 mentioned in this invention is provided with a gas-liquid separator exhaust valve 34 at the upper end and a gas-liquid separator vent valve 31 at the lower end. The other end of the gas-liquid separator 35 is connected to the drug high-pressure pipeline check valve 30 through the drug high-pressure pipeline pressure transmitter 29. The outlet 30.1 of the drug high-pressure pipeline check valve is connected to the high-pressure atomizing nozzle base inlet 37.1 of the high-pressure atomizing nozzle base 37 through the high-pressure pipeline.

[0066] The top of the aforementioned medicine storage tank 6 is connected to the self-priming pump 9 via a pipeline, and the self-priming pump 9 is connected to the self-priming pump motor 13. The top of the medicine storage tank 6 is provided with a medicine storage tank return port 6.1 and a medicine storage tank vent 7. The medicine storage tank return port 6.1 is connected to the pressure holding overflow valve return port 3.3 of the pressure holding overflow valve 3 via a pipeline. The medicine storage tank 6 is provided with a medicine storage tank level transmitter 5.

[0067] The method for developing shallow, ultra-heavy oil layers using aerosols mentioned in this invention comprises the following steps:

[0068] Step 1: Agent selection. Through laboratory experiments, viscosity reducers are evaluated and screened on field heavy oil samples to select the agent with the best compatibility with the target reservoir.

[0069] Step 2: Optimize design parameters. Based on reservoir properties, fluid properties and formation pressure, optimize the gas-liquid ratio. Use the STARS module of CMG numerical simulation software to optimize the steam injection scale, steam injection rate and slug injection sequence parameters.

[0070] Step 3: According to the design requirements, run the injection and production dual tubing string into the casing 47 downhole, including the auxiliary tube 42 and the main tube 41. Through the auxiliary tube 42, steam is injected into the shallow layer through the sand control fish top 45, and the bottom is the artificial well bottom 46. Run the long plunger pump 44 into the main tube 41, and produce oil through the equal diameter sucker rod 43.

[0071] Step 4: Aerosol slug injection. Using an aerosol-based device to develop shallow, ultra-heavy oil, viscosity reducer and nitrogen are atomized in atomizing reactor 15 to form a gas-liquid two-phase active aerosol, which is then pre-injected into the formation. The pumping speed and nitrogen truck displacement are adjusted in conjunction with the optimized gas-liquid ratio to complete the slug injection and well shut-in reaction.

[0072] Step 5: Steam injection slug injection. During the steam injection process, nitrogen is injected into the annulus to utilize the high expansion coefficient and poor thermal conductivity of nitrogen to replenish formation energy and reduce wellbore heat loss and steam over-coverage issues.

[0073] Step Six: Adjusting Process Parameters. The injection process is dynamically adjusted based on the construction process and actual development conditions to optimize the slug combination, injection timing, and actual injection volume. Due to the rapid heat loss in shallow heavy oil reservoirs, there are situations where the wellhead temperature drops sharply and the amount of returned fluid is low. Based on the actual production dynamics, multiple rounds of small amounts of steam are added to heat the slugs, restore the temperature at the wellbore, improve the fluidity of heavy oil in the wellbore, and ensure the continuous return of formation fluid.

[0074] Preferably, the method for preparing the aerosol mentioned in step four above includes the following processes:

[0075] (i) Connect the nitrogen inlet 21 to the nitrogen pump truck, connect the aerosol outlet 10 to the wellhead pipeline, and connect the explosion-proof socket 28 to the power supply. After turning on the power supply through the local electrical control cabinet 4, input the required aerosol ratio value on the touch screen 4.1. The self-priming pump motor 13 drives the self-priming pump 9 to pump the agent to the agent storage tank 6. The agent storage tank level transmitter 5 detects the liquid level height of the agent storage tank 6. When the liquid level exceeds the set height, both the local electrical control cabinet 4 and the remote controller 40 will alarm, and the self-priming pump motor 13 will stop.

[0076] (ii) The local electrical control cabinet 4 calculates the on-time of the atomizing injection control valve 36 based on the instantaneous data of the nitrogen inlet pipeline flow meter 20, the input required aerosol ratio value and the injection flow parameters of the high-pressure atomizing nozzle 39. Through the precise control of the atomizing injection control valve 36, primary particle size of the agent is obtained in the atomizing reactor 15 and fused with nitrogen to form primary particle size aerosol.

[0077] (iii) The aerosol with primary particle size formed in the atomizing reactor 15 enters the baffle 12. Under the action of the spiral baffle 38, physical collision and shearing are achieved, further breaking the mist particles into micron-sized particles, increasing the atomization surface area, further stabilizing the gas flow field, and allowing the aerosol with a more stable ratio to enter the wellhead pipeline through the aerosol outlet 10 and be injected into the oil and gas well.

[0078] (iv) The local electrical control cabinet 4 calculates the operating frequency of the variable frequency motor 2 of the drug metering pump based on the instantaneous data of the nitrogen inlet pipeline flow meter 20, the input required aerosol ratio value and the discharge parameters of the drug metering pump 1, and provides sufficient high-pressure agent to the atomizing reactor 15 by controlling the variable frequency motor 2 of the drug metering pump.

[0079] (v) The local electrical control cabinet 4 controls the opening and closing of the pressure holding overflow valve 3 based on the real-time data from the nitrogen inlet pipeline pressure transmitter 18 and the agent high pressure pipeline pressure transmitter 29, thereby ensuring a stable pressure difference at the high pressure atomizing nozzle 39; if the pressure and flow rate of the nitrogen inlet 21 change during the entire construction process, the local electrical control cabinet 4 controls the atomizing spray control valve 36, the drug metering pump frequency converter motor 2 and the pressure holding overflow valve 3 to obtain a stable proportion of aerosol again;

[0080] (vi) Connect the high-pressure pipeline filter 33 to the outlet 3.2 of the pressure-holding overflow valve through the high-pressure pipeline and the inlet 33.1 of the high-pressure pipeline filter to filter the agent and prevent the high-pressure atomizing nozzle 39 from being blocked;

[0081] Adding a high-pressure drug storage tank 24 to the high-pressure drug pipeline can not only store high-pressure drugs, but also eliminate pressure pulsation, thereby providing a stable and sufficient drug source for the high-pressure atomizing nozzle 39; adding a gas-liquid separator 35 to the high-pressure drug pipeline, and using the gas-liquid separator vent valve 31 to discharge the gas in the high-pressure pipeline, ensures the accurate dosage of drugs supplied to the high-pressure nozzle 39.

[0082] (vii) By adding a remote controller 40, remote monitoring and control can be carried out. When any pressure abnormality occurs, the equipment will issue an alarm message and shut down the equipment in an emergency.

[0083] Preferably, the algorithm for the injection frequency of the atomizing injection control valve 36 described above is as follows:

[0084] Assume the required aerosol ratio for input to the local control cabinet touchscreen 4.1 is m; and the nitrogen flow rate of the nitrogen inlet pipe flow meter 20 is Q. 气 The single injection volume of the high-pressure atomizing nozzle 39 is Q. 嘴 The number of atomizing injection control valves is 3; the number of high-pressure atomizing nozzles is 6.

[0085] The injection frequency f of the atomizing injection control valve is obtained. 阀 for:

[0086] .

[0087] Preferably, the algorithm for the operating frequency of the above-mentioned drug metering pump variable frequency motor 2 is as follows:

[0088] Assume the required aerosol ratio value is m when input to the local control cabinet touchscreen 4.1; and the nitrogen flow rate is Q from the nitrogen inlet pipe flow meter 20. 气 The displacement of the metering pump 1 is Q. 泵 ; Metering pump 1 displacement Q 泵 The operating speed is n; the motor slip is s; the number of motor pole pairs is p; and the redundancy factor is R.

[0089] The frequency of the variable frequency motor of the drug metering pump is:

[0090] .

[0091] The above description is merely a partial preferred embodiment of the present invention. Any person skilled in the art can modify the above-described technical solutions or modify them into equivalent technical solutions. Therefore, any simple modifications or equivalent transformations made based on the technical solutions of the present invention fall within the scope of protection claimed by the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for developing shallow and thin layer super heavy oil by using aerosol, which is realized by using the device for developing shallow and thin layer super heavy oil by using aerosol, characterized in that: The device for developing shallow and thin layer super heavy oil by using aerosol comprises a base (27) and a local electric control cabinet (4), and further comprises an atomization reactor (15), a spoiler (12), a medicine injection metering pump (1), a high-pressure medicine bag type storage tank (24), a gas-liquid separator (35) and a medicine storage tank (6) which are installed on the base (27), The atomization reactor (15) is installed on the base (27) through an atomization reactor support (16), one end of the atomization reactor (15) is provided with an atomization reactor inlet (15.1), the atomization reactor inlet (15.1) is connected with a nitrogen inlet pipeline (21.1) through a nitrogen inlet pipeline one-way valve (17), the nitrogen inlet pipeline (21.1) is provided with a nitrogen inlet pipeline pressure transmitter (18) and a nitrogen inlet pipeline flowmeter (20), and the nitrogen inlet pipeline (21.1) is connected with a nitrogen pump truck through a nitrogen inlet (21); the other end of the atomization reactor (15) is connected with the spoiler (12), a spoiler outlet (12.1) is connected with a wellhead pipeline through an aerosol outlet pipeline (10.1) and an aerosol outlet (10), and the aerosol outlet pipeline (10.1) is provided with an aerosol outlet pressure transmitter (11); a plurality of high-pressure atomization nozzles (39) are arranged on the upper side of the atomization reactor (15); The medicine injection metering pump (1) is driven and connected through a medicine injection metering pump variable frequency motor (2), a medicine injection metering pump low-pressure port (1.1) of the medicine injection metering pump (1) is connected with the bottom of the medicine storage tank (6) through a medicine low-pressure pipeline filter (23), and a local electric control cabinet (4) is installed on one side of the medicine storage tank (6); a high-pressure pipeline of the medicine injection metering pump (1) is connected with a pressure maintaining overflow valve inlet (3.1) of a pressure maintaining overflow valve (3) through a medicine injection metering pump high-pressure port (1.2), the other end of the pressure maintaining overflow valve (3) is connected with the high-pressure medicine bag type storage tank (24) through a high-pressure pipeline, and the output end of the high-pressure medicine bag type storage tank (24) is connected with the high-pressure atomization nozzles (39) on the upper side of the atomization reactor (15) through the gas-liquid separator (35); The method for developing shallow and thin layer super heavy oil by using aerosol comprises the following processes: Step one: medicine selection, through indoor experiment, the viscosity reducer is evaluated and screened according to the field heavy oil sample, and the best medicine which is most suitable for the target reservoir is selected; Step two: design parameter optimization, according to the reservoir properties, fluid properties and formation pressure, the gas-liquid ratio is optimized, the injection steam scale, injection steam speed and slug injection sequence parameters are optimized by using the CMG numerical simulation software STARS module; Step three: according to the design requirements, the injection and production dual-string pipe column is lowered into the well, wherein the steam is injected through the auxiliary pipe, and the oil is produced through the main pipe; Step four: aerosol slug injection, through the device for developing shallow and thin layer super heavy oil by using aerosol, the viscosity reducer and nitrogen are atomized by the atomization reactor (15) to form the active aerosol of gas-liquid two-phase, the active aerosol is pre-injected into the formation, the pump injection speed and the nitrogen truck displacement are adjusted in combination with the optimized gas-liquid ratio, the slug injection is completed, and the well is shut-in for reaction. Step five: steam huff and puff injection, nitrogen injection in the annulus during steam injection, using the characteristics of high nitrogen expansion coefficient and poor heat conduction ability to supplement the formation energy, reduce wellbore heat loss and steam overlap problems; Step six: adjustment of process parameters, dynamic adjustment of injection process through construction process tracking and actual development situation, optimization of slug combination, injection timing and actual injection volume; due to the rapid heat loss of shallow heavy oil reservoir, there is a sudden drop in wellhead temperature and a small amount of return fluid, according to the actual production dynamic situation, additional multiple small steam heat connection slugs are used to restore the temperature at the wellbore and improve the flowability of heavy oil in the wellbore to ensure the continuous return of formation liquid.

2. The method for developing shallow thin layer extra heavy oil with aerosol according to claim 1, characterized in that: The atomization reactor (15) is provided with a high-pressure atomizing nozzle base (37), a plurality of high-pressure atomizing nozzles (39) are installed on the lower side of the high-pressure atomizing nozzle base (37), and the high-pressure atomizing nozzles (39) extend into the inner cavity of the atomization reactor (15); a plurality of atomizing injection control valves (36) are installed on the upper side of the high-pressure atomizing nozzle base (37), and each atomizing injection control valve (36) controls the injection frequency and injection amount of one or more high-pressure atomizing nozzles (39); the medicament from the gas-liquid separator (35) enters the atomization reactor (15) through the high-pressure atomizing nozzle (39), forming primary particle size medicament particles, and the primary particle size medicament particles are combined with nitrogen entering the atomization reactor (15) to form an aerosol, which is then sent to the flow disrupter (12).

3. The method for developing shallow thin layer extra heavy oil with aerosol according to claim 2, characterized in that: The side of the high-pressure atomizing nozzle base (37) is provided with a high-pressure atomizing nozzle base inlet (37.1), and a atomization reactor emptying valve (14) is arranged below the atomization reactor (15).

4. The method for developing shallow thin layer extra heavy oil by using aerosol according to claim 3, characterized in that: The flow disrupter (12) is provided with a flow disrupter blade (38), the flow disrupter blade (38) has a spiral structure, the flow disrupter blade (38) further fragments the aerosol formed in the atomization reactor (15), and stabilizes the output of the aerosol from the aerosol outlet (10).

5. The method for developing shallow thin layer extra heavy oil by using aerosol according to claim 4, characterized in that: The upper end of the gas-liquid separator (35) is provided with a gas-liquid separator exhaust valve (34), the lower end of the gas-liquid separator (35) is provided with a gas-liquid separator emptying valve (31), the other end of the gas-liquid separator (35) is connected with a medicament high-pressure pipeline pressure transmitter (29) and a medicament high-pressure pipeline check valve (30) through a pipeline, and the outlet (30.1) of the medicament high-pressure pipeline check valve is connected with the high-pressure atomizing nozzle base inlet (37.1) of the high-pressure atomizing nozzle base (37) through a high-pressure pipeline.

6. The method for developing shallow thin layer extra heavy oil with aerosol according to claim 5, characterized in that: The top of the medicament storage tank (6) is connected with an upper medicament self-priming pump (9) through a pipeline, and the upper medicament self-priming pump (9) is connected with an upper medicament self-priming pump motor (13); the top of the medicament storage tank (6) is provided with a medicament storage tank backflow port (6.1) and a medicament storage tank breathing port (7), and the medicament storage tank backflow port (6.1) is connected with a pressure maintaining overflow valve backflow port (3.3) of a pressure maintaining overflow valve (3) through a pipeline; the medicament storage tank (6) is provided with a medicament storage tank liquid level transmitter (5).

7. The method for developing shallow and thin layer super heavy oil by using aerosol according to claim 6, characterized in that: The preparation method of the aerosol mentioned in step four, includes the following processes: (i) Connect the nitrogen inlet (21) with the nitrogen pump truck, connect the aerosol outlet (10) with the wellhead pipeline, and connect the explosion-proof socket (28) with the power supply. After turning on the power supply through the local electric control cabinet (4), input the required aerosol ratio value on the touch screen (4.1), and drive the medicine self-priming pump (9) by the medicine self-priming pump motor (13) to pump the medicine in the medicine storage tank (6). The liquid level transmitter (5) detects the liquid level of the medicine storage tank (6). When the set height is exceeded, the local electric control cabinet (4) and the remote controller (40) will alarm at the same time, and the medicine self-priming pump motor (13) will stop working; (ii) According to the instantaneous data of the nitrogen inlet pipeline flowmeter (20), the input required aerosol ratio value and the injection flow parameter of the high-pressure atomizing nozzle (39), the local electric control cabinet (4) calculates the on-off frequency of the atomizing injection control valve (36), and through the precise control of the atomizing injection control valve (36), the primary particle size of the aerosol is obtained in the atomizing reactor (15) and is fused with nitrogen to form the primary particle size of the aerosol; (iii) The primary particle size of the aerosol formed in the atomizing reactor (15) enters the spoiler (12) again, and under the action of the spiral spoiler (38), physical collision and shearing effect are realized, the mist particles are further broken into microns, the atomization surface area is improved, the gas flow field is further stabilized, and the aerosol with more stable proportion enters the wellhead pipeline through the aerosol outlet (10) and is injected into the oil and gas well; (iv) According to the instantaneous data of the nitrogen inlet pipeline flowmeter (20), the input required aerosol ratio value and the displacement parameter of the medicine injection metering pump (1), the local electric control cabinet (4) calculates the working frequency of the medicine injection metering pump variable frequency motor (2), and provides sufficient high-pressure medicine for the atomizing reactor (15) by controlling the medicine injection metering pump variable frequency motor (2); (v) According to the real-time data of the nitrogen inlet pipeline pressure transmitter (18) and the medicine high-pressure pipeline pressure transmitter (29), the local electric control cabinet (4) controls the on-off of the pressure maintaining overflow valve (3), so as to ensure that there is a stable pressure difference at the high-pressure atomizing nozzle (39); During the whole construction process, if the pressure and flow of the nitrogen inlet (21) change, the aerosol with stable proportion is obtained again by controlling the atomizing injection control valve (36), the medicine injection metering pump variable frequency motor (2) and the pressure maintaining overflow valve (3) through the local electric control cabinet (4); (vi) Install the medicine high-pressure pipeline filter (33) at the outlet (3.2) of the pressure maintaining overflow valve to filter the medicine and avoid the blockage of the high-pressure atomizing nozzle (39); The installation of the high-pressure medicine capsule storage tank (24) in the medicine high-pressure pipeline not only can store high-pressure medicine, but also can eliminate pressure pulsation to provide a stable and sufficient source of medicine for the high-pressure atomizing nozzle (39); The installation of the gas-liquid separator (35) in the medicine high-pressure pipeline can discharge the gas in the high-pressure pipeline through the gas-liquid separator exhaust valve (31), and ensure the accuracy of the amount of medicine provided to the high-pressure atomizing nozzle (39); (vii) By installing remote controller (40) to monitor and control remotely, when the pressure appears abnormal situation, the device sends alarm information, emergency shutdown device.

8. The method for developing shallow thin layer extra heavy oil with aerosol according to claim 7, characterized in that: The algorithm of the spray frequency of the atomizing spray control valve (36) is as follows: The required aerosol proportion value of the input of the local electric control cabinet touch screen (4.1) is m; the nitrogen flow of the nitrogen inlet pipeline flow meter (20) is Q 气 ; the single injection amount of the high-pressure atomizing nozzle (39) is Q 嘴 ; the number of atomizing injection control valves is 3; the number of high-pressure atomizing nozzles is 6; The injection frequency f of the atomizing injection control valve is obtained 阀 is: 。 9. The method for developing shallow thin layer extra heavy oil with aerosol according to claim 8, characterized in that: The algorithm of the working frequency of the injection metering pump variable frequency motor (2) is as follows: Suppose the local electric control cabinet touch screen (4.1) input required aerosol ratio value is m; nitrogen gas flow of nitrogen gas inlet pipeline flow meter (20) is Q 气 ; displacement of injection medicine metering pump (1) is Q 泵 ; displacement Q 泵 of injection medicine metering pump (1) under working condition is n; motor slip s; motor pole pair number p; redundancy coefficient is R; The frequency of the injection metering pump variable frequency motor is obtained as 。

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