Same-frequency co-polarization full-duplex common-aperture planar multi-beam antenna unit and phased array thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to a co-frequency co-polarization full-duplex common-aperture planar multi-beam antenna unit and a phased array thereof. The antenna unit is sequentially provided with a first metal layer, a first dielectric substrate, a metal supporting layer, a second metal layer, a second dielectric substrate, a third metal layer, a bonding layer dielectric substrate, a fourth metal layer, a third dielectric substrate, a fifth metal layer and a connector fixing metal layer from top to bottom; the metalized shielding hole, the first feed metal through hole and the second feed metal through hole are respectively connected with the second metal layer, the third metal layer, the fourth metal layer and the fifth metal layer; the antenna units are sequentially arranged along the transverse axis and the longitudinal axis to form subarrays of 5 * 5 antenna units, the four subarrays are sequentially and rotationally arranged to form a phased array of 2 * 2 subarrays, a phased array of a circularly polarized planar antenna unit with the scale of 10 * 10 antenna units is formed, and the phased array has the same-frequency same-polarization full-duplex independent two-dimensional beam scanning capacity.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a co-frequency, co-polarized, full-duplex, common-aperture planar multi-beam antenna element and its phased array, belonging to the field of wireless communication technology. Background Technology

[0002] With the revolutionary development of wireless communication technology, spectrum resources are becoming increasingly scarce. Therefore, improving the spectral efficiency of wireless communication systems has become crucial. Among various methods to improve spectral efficiency, in-band full-duplex technology with the same frequency and polarization has received considerable attention in recent years. In-band full-duplex communication allows for simultaneous data transmission and reception on the same frequency band, effectively improving spectral efficiency compared to half-duplex systems. This technology significantly increases data throughput and reduces data transmission latency by enabling simultaneous bidirectional communication. However, full-duplex technology faces a severe challenge from interference, where transmitted signals can interfere with simultaneously received incoming signals. For full-duplex systems, high isolation between the transmission and reception paths is required, necessitating complex high-isolation transceiver antennas, circuitry, and signal processing techniques.

[0003] The inherent strong mutual coupling energy between co-polarized in-band transmit and receive antennas poses a significant challenge to achieving high isolation in in-band full-duplex array systems, especially when the transmit and receive antennas are placed close together or share the same radiating aperture. In recent years, there have been some limited but noteworthy advances and achievements in this field. By combining polarization isolation and active cancellation techniques, transmit-receive isolation of approximately 57 dB can be achieved. Mode suppression techniques and grating strip resonators can effectively improve port-to-port isolation, but their inherent operating bandwidth is relatively narrow. For mobile terminal applications with similar monopole radiation patterns, existing research includes innovative monopole structure designs such as stacked patches, short-circuited patches, and hybrid rings for co-polarized in-band full-duplex units. Furthermore, by using high-port-isolation feed networks, two closely placed unit antennas can be used separately as transmit and receive antennas in in-band full-duplex applications. Phase compensation or near-field cancellation techniques can also be used to develop co-circularly polarized in-band full-duplex antennas with high port isolation. Despite these advances, realizing a two-dimensional co-polarized in-band full-duplex phased antenna array with beamforming capabilities remains a formidable challenge, and there are few related achievements.

[0004] Sharing a radiating aperture typically introduces more severe coupling between two co-polarized arrays. To overcome co-polarization coupling in the same or multiple frequency bands, multi-layer structures with vertical or planar staggered arrangements are often employed, but this comes at the cost of increased profile height and limited bandwidth flexibility. Spatial diversity methods can reduce the coupling energy between co-polarized arrays sharing the same aperture, thereby achieving high isolation by increasing the physical distance between the two ports of the transmit and receive arrays. This method is easy to implement, but results in larger antenna sizes and limitations for large-scale arrays. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Technical Problem: In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, the purpose of this invention is to provide a planar multi-beam antenna element with the same frequency and polarization, full-duplex and common aperture, and its phased array, which supports two simultaneously independent shaped beams with flexible polarization, thereby enhancing the spatial multiplexing capability of the communication link, while having the advantages of wide bandwidth, low profile and low cost.

[0006] Technical Solution: To achieve this objective, the present invention provides a planar multi-beam antenna element with the same frequency and polarization, full-duplex operation, and common aperture, employing the following technical solution:

[0007] The antenna unit is arranged from top to bottom as follows: a first metal layer, a first dielectric substrate, a metal support layer, a second metal layer, a second dielectric substrate, a third metal layer, an adhesive layer dielectric substrate, a fourth metal layer, a third dielectric substrate, a fifth metal layer, and a connector fixing metal layer; a metallized shielding hole, a first feed metal through hole, and a second feed metal through hole are respectively connected to the second metal layer, the third metal layer, the fourth metal layer, and the fifth metal layer.

[0008] The first metal layer is a square radial patch. The metal support layer has rounded corner air cavities.

[0009] The outer periphery of the second metal layer is a ring-shaped metal structure with metallized shielding holes. A forked feed line is provided in the middle of the second metal layer, and a first hole outer pad is provided at one corner of the second metal layer. The forked feed line of the second metal layer is shielded by rounded corner air cavities of the third metal layer and the metal support layer.

[0010] The third metal layer has metallized shielding holes around its periphery, a cross-shaped coupling gap in the middle of the third metal layer, a third hole outer pad and a second hole outer pad on one side inside the third metal layer, a second annular gap around the outer periphery of the third hole outer pad, and a first annular gap around the outer periphery of the second hole outer pad.

[0011] The fourth metal layer has metallized shielding holes around its outer periphery, a square groove in the middle of the fourth metal layer, a strip feed line in the square groove, a fourth hole outer pad at a right angle on one side of the fourth metal layer corresponding to the position of the third hole outer pad, and a third annular gap around the fourth hole outer pad; the strip feed line of the fourth metal layer is composed of the third metal layer, the fifth metal layer and a ring of metallized shielding holes around its perimeter to form upper, lower and left and right metal back cavities.

[0012] The fifth metal layer is provided with a fourth annular gap and a fifth annular gap at the positions corresponding to the third hole outer pad and the second hole outer pad, respectively; a ring of metallized shielding holes connecting the second metal layer and the fifth metal layer is provided around the fifth metal layer.

[0013] The connector fixing metal layer adopts a coaxial power supply structure. A first power supply metal through hole and a second power supply metal through hole are provided at the positions corresponding to the fourth annular gap and the fifth annular gap. A first metal hole is located on the outer periphery of the first power supply metal through hole, and a second metal hole is located on the outer periphery of the second power supply metal through hole. The first power supply metal through hole and the second power supply metal through hole penetrate the second metal layer, the third metal layer, the fourth metal layer, and the fifth metal layer, respectively, and connect the fork-shaped feed line located in the second metal layer and the strip-shaped feed line located in the fourth metal layer.

[0014] The square radiating patch of the first metal layer, the forked feed line of the second metal layer, the cross coupling slot of the third metal layer, the strip feed line and the square slot of the fourth metal layer are placed at a 45° angle to the square side of the antenna element.

[0015] This invention relates to a phased array based on co-frequency, co-polarized, full-duplex, common-aperture planar multi-beam antenna elements. The antenna elements are arranged sequentially along the horizontal and vertical axes to form 5×5 subarrays, resulting in four subarrays: the first subarray, the second subarray, the third subarray, and the fourth subarray. These four subarrays are then rotated and arranged to form a 2×2 subarray phased array, creating a 10×10 scale circularly polarized planar antenna element phased array. In this phased array, one polarization port of all antenna elements (i.e., the first feed metal via) forms array one, and the other polarization port of all antenna elements (i.e., the second feed metal via) forms array two. Array one and array two share the same radiation aperture. When co-polarized operation is achieved, the coupling between array one and array two is zero. Non-metallic threaded positioning holes are located within the subarrays, while metallic threaded holes are arranged around the perimeter of the phased array, penetrating the entire subarray dielectric substrate stacked structure.

[0016] Beneficial Effects: This invention discloses a co-frequency, co-polarized, full-duplex, common-aperture planar multi-beam antenna element and its phased array, which has the following beneficial effects compared with the prior art:

[0017] 1) In this invention, the coupling energy between co-polarized ports is canceled in space by sequentially rotating the subarray layout. Combined with the use of dual-polarized antenna elements with high port isolation, the full-duplex multi-beam circularly polarized planar phased array supports simultaneous operation in either co-circular or orthogonal circular polarization configurations. The average transmit-to-receive isolation of the two independent beams is considerable at all beam pointing angles.

[0018] 2) By distributing the forked and strip feed lines of two polarizations on the upper and lower metal layers of the third metal layer where each antenna element is located, it is beneficial to achieve high isolation between the two ports when the element operates in two orthogonal polarizations.

[0019] 3) The back cavity, consisting of a ring of metallized shielding vias around the dual-polarized antenna element, a third metal layer, and a fifth metal layer, is excited by two port feed lines to generate two degenerate modes, which significantly improves port isolation and cross-polarization levels.

[0020] 4) By placing the radiating patch and the feeding structure at a 45° angle along the square side of the antenna element, a compact structure is ensured when assembling the antenna array.

[0021] 5) The coaxial probes at the two ports of the dual-polarized antenna unit penetrate the second dielectric substrate, the adhesive layer dielectric substrate, and the third dielectric substrate, eliminating blind holes and minimizing processing complexity, production costs, and assembly difficulty. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the stacked structure of a planar co-aperture, same-polarization-band full-duplex two-dimensional phased array antenna element with two independent scanning beams, according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a planar co-aperture, same-polarization, full-duplex two-dimensional phased array antenna with two independent scanning beams according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 3 This is an exploded view of the phased array antenna element according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 4 These are the test results of the active reflection coefficients of the ports in a quarter region of array one and array two in this embodiment of the invention;

[0026] Figure 5 In this embodiment of the invention, the measurement results of the in-band isolation between ports are obtained when the beams of array one and array two scan from -50° to +50°. Figure 5 In (5-1), the two independent beams of the two arrays operate in the same plane and with the same polarization. Figure 5In (5-2), two independent beams of two arrays operate on the same plane but with different polarizations. Figure 5 In (5-3), the two independent beams of the two arrays operate with the same polarization on different planes. Figure 5 In (5-4), the two independent beams of the two arrays operate on different planes and with different polarizations;

[0027] Figure 6 The results are test and simulation of the gain of array one and array two as a function of frequency in the embodiments of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 7 This is a simulation and measured beam radiation characteristic of array one scanning along the E-plane at 11 GHz in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 7 (7-1) shows the beam pattern and axial ratio results for array 1 with left-hand circular polarization. Figure 7 (7-2) in the figure shows the beam scanning pattern and axial ratio results of the array with right-hand circular polarization;

[0029] Figure 8 This is a simulation and measured beam radiation characteristic of array two scanning along the E-plane at 11 GHz in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 8 (8-1) shows the beam pattern and axial ratio results for the array with left-hand circular polarization. Figure 8 (8-2) shows the beam scanning pattern and axial ratio results of the array with right-hand circular polarization;

[0030] Figure 9 This embodiment of the invention shows the measured radiation characteristics of array one at 11 GHz when array one and array two receive signals simultaneously. Figure 9 In (9-1), the two independent beams of the two arrays operate in the same plane and with the same polarization. Figure 9 In (9-2), two independent beams of two arrays operate on the same plane but with different polarizations. Figure 9 In (9-3), the two independent beams of the two arrays operate with the same polarization on different planes. Figure 9 (9-4) in the diagram represents two independent beams of two arrays operating on different planes with different polarizations;

[0031] Figure 10 This embodiment of the invention shows the measured radiation characteristics of array two at 11 GHz when array one and array two receive signals simultaneously. Figure 10 In (10-1), the two independent beams of the two arrays operate in the same plane and with the same polarization. Figure 10 In (10-2), two independent beams of the two arrays operate on the same plane but with different polarizations. Figure 10 In (10-3), the two independent beams of the two arrays operate with the same polarization on different planes. Figure 10(10-4) in the diagram represents two independent beams of two arrays operating on different planes with different polarizations;

[0032] Figure 11 In this embodiment of the invention, when array one is used as the transmitter and array two is used as the receiver, the radiation characteristics of array two are measured at 11 GHz. Figure 11 In (11-1), the two independent beams of the two arrays operate in the same plane and with the same polarization. Figure 11 In (11-2), two independent beams of the two arrays operate on the same plane but with different polarizations. Figure 11 In (11-3), the two independent beams of the two arrays operate with the same polarization on different planes. Figure 11 In (11-4), the two independent beams of the two arrays operate on different planes and with different polarizations.

[0033] The diagram includes: a first dielectric substrate 1, a metal support layer 2, a second dielectric substrate 3, an adhesive layer dielectric substrate 4, a third dielectric substrate 5, a connector fixing metal layer 6, a first metal layer 7, a second metal layer 8, a third metal layer 9, a fourth metal layer 10, a fifth metal layer 11; a metallized threaded hole 12, a non-metallized threaded hole 13, a first subarray 14, a second subarray 15, a third subarray 16, a fourth subarray 17, a forked feed line 18, a strip feed line 19, and a cross-shaped coupling slot. 20. First hole outer pad; 21. Second hole outer pad; 22. First annular gap; 23. Third hole outer pad; 24. Second annular gap; 25. Fourth hole outer pad; 26. Third annular gap; 27. Fourth annular gap; 28. Fifth annular gap; 29. ​​First metal hole; 30. First feed metal through hole; 31. Second metal hole; 32. Second feed metal through hole; 33. Metallized shielding hole; 34. Rounded corner air cavity; 35. Annular metal structure; 36. Square slot; 37. Antenna element; 38. Detailed Implementation

[0034] The following specific embodiments illustrate the implementation of this application. Those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of this application from the content disclosed in this specification.

[0035] In the following description, reference is made to the accompanying drawings, which illustrate several embodiments of the present application. It should be understood that other embodiments may also be used, and changes in composition and operation may be made without departing from the spirit of the invention. The following detailed description should not be considered limiting, and the scope of the embodiments of the present application is defined only by the claims of the patent of this application. The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the present application.

[0036] like Figure 1As shown, the antenna unit 38 is arranged from top to bottom as follows: a first metal layer 7, a first dielectric substrate 1, a metal support layer 2, a second metal layer 8, a second dielectric substrate 3, a third metal layer 9, an adhesive dielectric substrate 4, a fourth metal layer 10, a third dielectric substrate 5, a fifth metal layer 11, and a connector fixing metal layer 6; a metallized shielding hole 34, a first feed metal through hole 31, and a second feed metal through hole 33 are respectively connected to the second metal layer 8, the third metal layer 9, the fourth metal layer 10, and the fifth metal layer 11.

[0037] like Figure 2 As shown, in the same-frequency, same-polarization, full-duplex, common-aperture planar multi-beam antenna element and its phased array: antenna elements 38 are arranged sequentially along the horizontal and vertical axes to form a 5×5 antenna element subarray, with a total of four subarrays: the first subarray 14, the second subarray 15, the third subarray 16, and the fourth subarray 17. These four subarrays are sequentially rotated and arranged to form a 2×2 subarray phased array, forming a 10×10 antenna element scale circularly polarized planar antenna element phased array; in the phased array of the circularly polarized planar antenna element, one polarization port of all antenna elements 38, namely the first feed metal via 31, together form array one, and the other polarization port of all antenna elements 38, namely the second feed metal via 33, together form array two. Array one and array two share the same radiation aperture; when achieving same-polarization operation, the coupling between array one and array two is 0; non-metallic threaded positioning holes 13 are located in the subarray, and metallic threaded holes 12 are located around the phased array, penetrating the entire subarray dielectric substrate stacked structure.

[0038] like Figure 3 As shown, the antenna element 38's feeding section adopts a coaxial feeding structure. A pair of feeding metal vias, namely the first feeding metal via 31 and the second feeding metal via 33, penetrate through the second metal layer 8 to the fifth metal layer 11, connecting the forked feed line 18 located in the second metal layer 8 and the strip feed line 19 located in the fourth metal layer 10. A first hole external pad 21 is provided in the second metal layer 8, and a pair of pads, namely the second hole external pad 22 and the third hole external pad 24, and an annular gap, namely the first annular gap 23 and the second annular gap 25, are provided in the third metal layer 9. In the fourth metal layer 1... The fourth metal layer 10 has an outer pad 26 and a third annular gap 27. The fifth metal layer 11 has two annular gaps, namely the fourth annular gap 28 and the fifth annular gap 29. The pads in the above metal layers are used to simplify the through-hole processing, and the annular gaps are used to isolate the coaxial inner core from the metal ground. The strip feed line 19 of the fourth metal layer 10 is composed of the third metal layer 9, the fifth metal layer 11 and a ring of metallized through holes 34 around the perimeter, forming a metal back cavity on the top, bottom and left and right sides. The fork-shaped feed line 18 of the second metal layer 8 is shielded by the rounded corner air cavity 35 of the third metal layer 9 and the metal support layer 2.

[0039] The first metal layer 7 is a square radiating patch. The metal support layer 2 has a rounded-corner air cavity 35. The outer periphery of the second metal layer 8 is an annular metal structure 36, with metallized shielding holes 34 on the annular metal structure 36. A forked feed line 18 is located in the middle of the second metal layer 8, and a first-hole outer pad 21 is located at one corner of the second metal layer 8. The forked feed line 18 of the second metal layer 8 is shielded by the third metal layer 9 and the rounded-corner air cavity 35 of the metal support layer 2. The third metal layer 9 has metallized shielding holes 34 around its periphery, a cross-shaped coupling gap 20 in the middle of the third metal layer 9, a third-hole outer pad 24 and a second-hole outer pad 22 on one side inside the third metal layer 9, a second annular gap 25 around the third-hole outer pad 24, and a first annular gap 23 around the second-hole outer pad 22. The fourth metal layer 10 has metallized shielding holes 34 around its outer periphery. A square groove 37 is located in the middle of the fourth metal layer 10, and a strip feed line 19 is located within the square groove 37. A fourth outer pad 26 is located at a right angle on one side of the fourth metal layer 10, corresponding to the position of the third outer pad 24. A third annular gap 27 is located around the fourth outer pad 26. The strip feed line 19 of the fourth metal layer 10 is formed by the third metal layer 9, the fifth metal layer 11, and a ring of metallized shielding holes 34, creating upper, lower, left, and right metal back cavities. A fourth annular gap 28 and a fifth annular gap 29 are located on the fifth metal layer 11, corresponding to the positions of the third outer pad 24 and the second outer pad 22, respectively. A ring of metallized shielding holes 34 connecting the second metal layer 8 and the fifth metal layer 11 is located around the fifth metal layer 11. The connector fixing metal layer 6 adopts a coaxial feeding structure. A first feeding metal through-hole 31 and a second feeding metal through-hole 33 are provided at positions corresponding to the fourth annular gap 28 and the fifth annular gap 29. A first metal hole 30 is located around the first feeding metal through-hole 31, and a second metal hole 32 is located around the second feeding metal through-hole 33. The first feeding metal through-hole 31 and the second feeding metal through-hole 33 penetrate the second metal layer 8, the third metal layer 9, the fourth metal layer 10, and the fifth metal layer 11, respectively, connecting the forked feed line 18 located in the second metal layer 8 and the strip feed line 19 located in the fourth metal layer 10. The square radiating patch of the first metal layer 7, the forked feed line 18 located in the second metal layer 8, the cross-shaped coupling gap 20 located in the third metal layer 9, the strip feed line 19 located in the fourth metal layer 10, and the square slot 37 are placed at a 45° angle to the square side of the antenna element.

[0040] The first dielectric substrate 1, the second dielectric substrate 3, and the third dielectric substrate 5 are all made of SJ9220, with a dielectric constant of 2.2 and a loss tangent of 0.0008; the adhesive layer dielectric substrate 4 is made of SJ930B, with a dielectric constant of 3 and a loss tangent of 0.0028; the metal support layer 2 and the connector fixing metal layer 6 are made of aluminum 6061 to enhance mechanical strength.

[0041] Two hundred ultra-miniature push-in RF coaxial connectors (SSMPs) were assembled with the array to individually excite all elements of the array, with each port having an input impedance of 50Ω. To achieve two independent beam pointing, a 256-port beamformer was used to adjust the phase and amplitude of each element; this beamformer was connected to the fabricated array via flexible RF cables. The reflection coefficient, radiation pattern, and gain of the phased array antenna provided in this embodiment were tested in a microwave anechoic chamber. Figure 4 As shown in the illustration, for simplicity, due to the symmetry of the full-duplex array design, the active reflection coefficients of the ports in one-quarter regions of array one and one-quarter regions of array two were selected. Within the 10.6-12.3 GHz operating frequency band, the port reflection coefficients basically meet the requirement of being less than -10 dB. The two polarizations of the full-duplex phased array antenna elements each correspond to two ports. After arraying, the ports of the two polarizations form array one and array two, respectively. These two arrays can operate in a common circular polarization state or an orthogonal circular polarization state, and the corresponding two scanning beams can be used simultaneously for transmission, reception, or transceiver. Figure 5 This indicates the in-band port isolation measured when scanning from -50° to +50° under four conditions: co-polarization, co-polarization, co-polarization, and co-polarization. The average beam isolation under these four conditions is greater than 34.9 dB. The scanning performance of the 10×10 phased array antenna was tested by adjusting the feed phase of each element using active beamformers corresponding to different scanning angles. When measuring the radiation characteristics of one array, the other array port needs to be terminated with a matching load. The simulated and measured radiation gains of arrays one and two are shown below. Figure 6 As shown, the maximum gains of the two antenna arrays are 22.9dBi and 22.1dBi, respectively. The 3dB gain fluctuation bandwidth can cover the entire operating bandwidth, and the simulation results are in good agreement with the measurement results.

[0042] The simulated and measured beam radiation characteristics of the two arrays scanning along the E-plane at 11 GHz are as follows: Figure 7 and Figure 8 As shown in the figure. The results show that the simulated and measured radiation patterns are in high agreement, both independent arrays can achieve beam scanning of ±50°, and all axial ratios are less than 3dB.

[0043] When both arrays are receiving or transmitting simultaneously Figure 9 and Figure 10 The radiation characteristics of array one and array two are shown. Figure 9 In the diagram, when the first array beam points to 0°, the beam radiation pattern of the second array is represented by a solid line; when the first array beam points to 20°, it is represented by a short dashed line; and when the first array beam points to 40°, it is represented by a short dotted line. Figure 10 In the diagram, when the second array beam points to 0°, the beam radiation pattern of the first array is represented by a solid line; when the second array beam points to 20°, it is represented by a short dashed line; and when the second array beam points to 40°, it is represented by a short dotted line. When both arrays are operating (one transmitting and one receiving), due to the radiation symmetry and reciprocity of arrays one and two, the radiation characteristics can be evaluated using array one as the transmitter and array two as the receiver. The measurement results are as follows... Figure 11 As shown. In all the above cases, the radiation patterns of array one and array two remain almost identical to those when operating alone.

[0044] Figures 4 to 11 The results demonstrate that the co-frequency, co-polarized full-duplex co-aperture planar multibeam antenna element and its phased array proposed in this invention have good practicality. When two independent scanning beams operate with the same circular polarization, the sequential rotation strategy can achieve inherently high port isolation in the full-duplex phased array, ensuring minimal interference between transmission and reception in the full-duplex system. The co-frequency, co-polarized full-duplex co-aperture planar multibeam antenna element and its phased array proposed in this invention support two simultaneously independently controllable beams with flexible polarization states, offering advantages such as wide bandwidth, low profile, and low cost. It shows great promise in in-band full-duplex systems and can be used in interplanetary communication, satellite communication, and many other potential communication scenarios.

[0045] The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles and effects of this application and are not intended to limit this application. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in this invention should be included within the protection scope of this invention. Therefore, the protection scope of this invention should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A planar multi-beam antenna element with the same frequency and polarization, full-duplex, and common aperture, characterized in that: The antenna unit (38) is arranged from top to bottom as follows: a first metal layer (7), a first dielectric substrate (1), a metal support layer (2), a second metal layer (8), a second dielectric substrate (3), a third metal layer (9), an adhesive dielectric substrate (4), a fourth metal layer (10), a third dielectric substrate (5), a fifth metal layer (11), and a connector fixing metal layer (6); a metallized shielding hole (34), a first feed metal through hole (31), and a second feed metal through hole (33) are respectively connected to the second metal layer (8), the third metal layer (9), the fourth metal layer (10), and the fifth metal layer (11).

2. The same-frequency, same-polarization, full-duplex, common-aperture planar multi-beam antenna element according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first metal layer (7) is a square radiating patch.

3. The same-frequency, same-polarization, full-duplex, common-aperture planar multi-beam antenna element according to claim 2, characterized in that: The metal support layer (2) is provided with a rounded corner air cavity (35).

4. The same-frequency, same-polarization, full-duplex, common-aperture planar multi-beam antenna element according to claim 3, characterized in that: The outer periphery of the second metal layer (8) is an annular metal structure (36), and a metallized shielding hole (34) is provided on the annular metal structure (36). A forked feed line (18) is provided in the middle of the second metal layer (8), and a first hole outer pad (21) is provided at one corner of the second metal layer (8). The forked feed line (18) of the second metal layer (8) is shielded by the rounded corner air cavity (35) of the third metal layer (9) and the metal support layer (2).

5. The same-frequency, same-polarization, full-duplex, common-aperture planar multi-beam antenna element according to claim 4, characterized in that: The third metal layer (9) has metallized shielding holes (34) around its periphery, a cross coupling gap (20) in the middle of the third metal layer (9), a third hole outer pad (24) and a second hole outer pad (22) on one side inside the third metal layer (9), a second annular gap (25) on the outer periphery of the third hole outer pad (24), and a first annular gap (23) on the outer periphery of the second hole outer pad (22).

6. The same-frequency, same-polarization, full-duplex, common-aperture planar multi-beam antenna element according to claim 5, characterized in that: The fourth metal layer (10) has metallized shielding holes (34) around its outer periphery. A square groove (37) is provided in the middle of the fourth metal layer (10). A strip feed line (19) is provided in the square groove (37). A fourth hole outer pad (26) is provided at the right angle on one side of the fourth metal layer (10) corresponding to the position of the third hole outer pad (24). A third annular gap (27) is provided around the fourth hole outer pad (26). The strip feed line (19) of the fourth metal layer (10) is composed of the third metal layer (9), the fifth metal layer (11) and a ring of metallized shielding holes (34) around its periphery to form a metal back cavity on the top, bottom and left and right sides.

7. The same-frequency, same-polarization, full-duplex, common-aperture planar multi-beam antenna element according to claim 6, characterized in that: The fifth metal layer (11) is provided with a fourth annular gap (28) and a fifth annular gap (29) at the positions corresponding to the third hole outer pad (24) and the second hole outer pad (22), respectively; a metallized shielding hole (34) connecting the second metal layer (8) and the fifth metal layer (11) is provided around the fifth metal layer (11).

8. The same-frequency, same-polarization, full-duplex, common-aperture planar multi-beam antenna element according to claim 7, characterized in that: The connector fixing metal layer (6) adopts a coaxial power supply structure. A first power supply metal through hole (31) and a second power supply metal through hole (33) are provided at the positions corresponding to the fourth annular gap (28) and the fifth annular gap (29). A first metal hole (30) is located on the outer periphery of the first power supply metal through hole (31), and a second metal hole (32) is located on the outer periphery of the second power supply metal through hole (33). The first power supply metal through hole (31) and the second power supply metal through hole (33) pass through the second metal layer (8), the third metal layer (9), the fourth metal layer (10), and the fifth metal layer (11) respectively, connecting the forked feed line (18) located in the second metal layer (8) and the strip feed line (19) located in the fourth metal layer (10).

9. The same-frequency, same-polarization, full-duplex, common-aperture planar multi-beam antenna element according to claim 8, characterized in that: The square radiating patch of the first metal layer (7), the forked feed line (18) located in the second metal layer (8), the cross coupling slot (20) located in the third metal layer (9), the strip feed line (19) located in the fourth metal layer (10), and the square slot (37) are placed at a 45° angle to the square side of the antenna element.

10. A phased array of a planar multi-beam antenna element with the same frequency and polarization as described in claim 9, characterized in that: Antenna elements (38) are arranged in a 5×5 antenna element subarray along the horizontal and vertical axes respectively. There are four subarrays: the first subarray (14), the second subarray (15), the third subarray (16), and the fourth subarray (17). These four subarrays are arranged in a 2×2 subarray phased array to form a 10×10 antenna element phased array of circularly polarized planar antenna elements. In the phased array of circularly polarized planar antenna elements, one polarization port of all antenna elements (38), namely the first feed metal via (31), forms array one. The other polarization port of all antenna elements (38), namely the second feed metal via (33), forms array two. Array one and array two share the same radiation aperture. When the same polarization is achieved, the coupling between array one and array two is 0. Non-metallic threaded positioning holes (13) are located in the subarray, and metallic threaded holes (12) are located around the phased array, penetrating the entire subarray dielectric substrate stacked structure.

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