Energy-saving and dust-reducing system and method for forklift in underground stope

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of carry-scraper trucks, in particular to an energy-saving and dust-reducing system and method for a carry-scraper truck in an underground stope, the energy-saving and dust-reducing system comprises a spraying water tank, an air entraining pipeline, a safety relief valve and at least one pressure sensing type spray head, the spraying water tank is used as a closed container for containing water to be sprayed; one end of the air entraining pipeline is communicated with an engine exhaust pipe of the forklift, and the other end is communicated to the top space of the spraying water tank; the pressure induction type spray head is mounted at the bottom of the spraying water tank and is set to automatically start water spraying when the pressure in the spraying water tank reaches a preset opening value; the safety relief valve is installed on the spraying water tank, and the opening pressure of the safety relief valve is set to be higher than the opening pressure of the pressure induction type spray head. According to the embodiment of the invention, the structure is simple, the cost is low, the waste gas residual pressure can be utilized, automatic spraying dust falling synchronous with vehicle starting and stopping is realized, and thus the problem that ground dust is raised when the carry-scraper exhausts is solved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the field of scrapers, in particular to an energy-saving dust reduction system and method for underground mining scrapers. BACKGROUND

[0002] During the blasting mining process, a large amount of dust is generated in the underground mining site. When the scraper is loading the mined ore, a large amount of exhaust gas will blow the dust on the ground, causing secondary dust raising and increasing the difficulty of dust control. SUMMARY

[0003] The purpose of the present application is to provide an energy-saving dust reduction system and method for underground mining scrapers to solve the problem of raising dust on the ground when the scraper is exhausting.

[0004] To solve the above technical problems: The present application provides an energy-saving dust reduction system for underground mining scrapers, comprising: a water spraying tank as a closed container containing water to be sprayed; an air induction pipeline, one end of which is in communication with the engine exhaust pipe of the scraper, and the other end is in communication with the top space of the water spraying tank; at least one pressure-sensitive nozzle installed at the bottom of the water spraying tank and set to automatically start spraying when the pressure in the water spraying tank reaches a preset opening value; a safety pressure relief valve installed on the water spraying tank and set to have an opening pressure higher than that of the pressure-sensitive nozzle.

[0005] Further comprising: a water supply tank installed higher than the water spraying tank; a water replenishment pipeline connecting the water supply tank and the water spraying tank, for allowing water in the water supply tank to flow into the water spraying tank by gravity.

[0006] Further comprising: a water supply tank; a Venturi ejector; wherein the power fluid inlet of the Venturi ejector is connected to the air induction pipeline, and the mixed fluid outlet of the Venturi ejector is connected to the water spraying tank, so that the air induction pipeline is in communication with the top space of the water spraying tank; the suction fluid inlet of the Venturi ejector is connected to the water supply tank through a water replenishment pipeline, for allowing water in the water supply tank to be sucked into the water spraying tank by the negative pressure generated by the gas flow.

[0007] Further comprising: a water supply tank; a Venturi injector designed for low engine speed operation and a Venturi injector designed for high engine speed operation, both of which have their mixed fluid outlets connected to the spray tank; two three-way valves, one of which is connected to the bleed air line and to the power fluid inlets of both Venturi injectors, and the other of which is connected to the water supply line and to the suction fluid inlets of both Venturi injectors; a controller configured to synchronously control the switching of the two three-way valves according to a preset signal of the engine operating condition of the shovel.

[0008] Further, it also includes: an overflow opening provided at a predetermined height on the sidewall of the spray tank; an overflow line having one end connected to the overflow opening and the other end connected to a space above the water surface of the water supply tank; a liquid seal line provided inside the spray tank, one end of which is connected to the overflow opening and the other end of which extends downward below the vertical position of the overflow opening; the hydrostatic pressure generated by the vertical height difference between the top of the water supply tank and the overflow opening is configured such that when the water level in the spray tank exceeds a preset overflow threshold, the pressure in the spray tank exceeds the hydrostatic pressure, and water flows back to the water supply tank through the overflow line.

[0009] Further, the mixed fluid outlet of the Venturi injector is tangentially connected to the inner wall of the spray tank, or a baffle is provided inside the spray tank at a position corresponding to the mixed fluid inlet to facilitate the separation of gas and liquid from the mixed fluid outlet of the Venturi injector.

[0010] Further, it also includes: a slow exhaust valve installed on the spray tank for slowly releasing the remaining pressure inside the spray tank after the shovel stops working; a first check valve installed on the water supply line to allow water to flow from the water supply tank to the spray tank in one direction; a gas filter installed at the air inlet of the bleed air line to filter solid particles in the exhaust gas; a liquid filter installed at the water inlet of each pressure-sensitive spray head to filter impurities in the water; a second check valve installed on the bleed air line to allow exhaust gas to flow from the engine exhaust pipe to the spray tank in one direction.

[0011] The application also provides an energy-saving dust-reducing method for a scraper in an underground mining field, which comprises the following steps: Pressurization and spraying: the exhaust gas generated by the engine exhaust pipe of the scraper is introduced into the upper space of the spraying water tank to pressurize the water in the spraying water tank, and when the pressure in the spraying water tank reaches the preset opening value of the pressure-sensitive nozzle, the pressure-sensitive nozzle is automatically opened to spray water outward to reduce dust; Shutdown and water replenishment: after the scraper is turned off, the exhaust pressure disappears, the pressure-sensitive nozzle is automatically closed, the residual gas pressure in the spraying water tank is slowly released through the slow exhaust valve, and when the pressure in the spraying water tank is lower than the gravity water replenishment pressure, the water supply tank replenishes water for the spraying water tank, thereby preparing for the next work.

[0012] The application also provides an energy-saving dust-reducing method for a scraper in an underground mining field, which adopts another energy-saving dust-reducing system, and comprises the following steps: Pressurization, spraying and water replenishment: the exhaust gas generated by the engine exhaust pipe of the scraper is introduced into the Venturi ejector as a power fluid, the Venturi ejector generates negative pressure to suck water from the water supply tank to form a gas-liquid mixture, the gas-liquid mixture is injected into the spraying water tank for gas-liquid separation, the separated gas pressurizes the water in the spraying water tank, and the separated water replenishes the spraying water tank, the gas enters the upper space of the spraying water tank to pressurize the water in the spraying water tank, and when the pressure in the spraying water tank reaches the preset opening value of the pressure-sensitive nozzle, the pressure-sensitive nozzle is automatically opened to spray water outward to reduce dust.

[0013] The application also provides an energy-saving dust-reducing method for a scraper in an underground mining field, which adopts another energy-saving dust-reducing system, and comprises the following steps: The engine working condition is detected by the controller, and the two three-way valves are synchronously controlled to switch the flow path: When it is detected that the engine is in a low-speed working condition, the exhaust gas and water are introduced into the Venturi ejector designed for the low-speed working condition of the engine; When it is detected that the engine is in a high-speed working condition, the exhaust gas and water are introduced into another or two Venturi ejectors; The gas-liquid mixture generated by the Venturi ejector is injected into the spraying water tank for gas-liquid separation, and the separated gas pressurizes the water in the spraying water tank; When the pressure in the spraying water tank reaches the preset opening value of the pressure-sensitive nozzle, the pressure-sensitive nozzle is automatically opened to spray water outward to reduce dust.

[0014] The present application has the following beneficial effects compared with the prior art: The embodiment of the present application has simple structure and low cost, can utilize the waste gas residual pressure, realizes automatic dust spraying synchronized with vehicle starting and stopping, and thus solves the problem of ground dust raising during the exhaust of the scraper. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0015] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments or the prior art description. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only exemplary, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can also be obtained from the provided drawings without creative labor.

[0016] Figure 1 System diagram of the first embodiment of the present application; Figure 2 System diagram of the second embodiment of the present application; Figure 3 System diagram of the third embodiment of the present application; Figure 4 System diagram of the third embodiment of the present application; The numbers in the figures respectively represent the following: 1 - water spraying tank; 2 - baffle; 3 - pressure sensitive nozzle; 7 - safety pressure relief valve; 8 - slow exhaust valve; 4 - water supply tank; 5 - first check valve; 6 - second check valve; 10 - overflow pipeline; 11 - liquid seal pipeline; 9 - venturi ejector; 12 - gas filter; 13 - liquid filter; 14 - three-way valve; 15 - filter shell; 16 - filter core. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0017] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be described clearly and completely below in combination with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor are within the protection scope of the present application.

[0018] (First embodiment) Reference Figure 1 The present embodiment discloses a basic scheme of an energy-saving dust reduction system of a scraper in a mine, which aims to realize automatic dust reduction by utilizing the exhaust pressure of the scraper, hereinafter referred to as energy-saving dust reduction system.

[0019] The energy-saving dust reduction system of the embodiment comprises a water spraying tank 1, an air induction pipeline, a plurality of pressure-sensitive nozzles 3, a water supply tank 4, a first check valve 5 and a second check valve 6.

[0020] The water supply tank 4, as a main water source container, is installed at a higher position of the shovel truck body.

[0021] The water spraying tank 1 is a closed container installed near the exhaust pipe of the shovel truck, and its overall position is lower than that of the water supply tank 4. The bottom of the water supply tank 4 is connected to the lower part of the water spraying tank 1 through a water supplement pipeline.

[0022] The first check valve 5 is installed on the water supplement pipeline near the end of the water spraying tank 1, which allows water to flow from the water supply tank 4 to the water spraying tank 1 in one direction.

[0023] The air induction pipeline is a high-temperature-resistant pipeline, one end of which is connected to the engine exhaust pipe of the shovel truck, and the other end is connected to the top space of the water spraying tank 1.

[0024] The second check valve 6 is installed on the air induction pipeline, which allows gas to flow from the exhaust pipe to the water spraying tank 1 in one direction.

[0025] A plurality of pressure-sensitive nozzles 3 are arranged on the side wall or bottom of the water spraying tank 1. The pressure-sensitive nozzle 3 comprises a pressure trigger valve and a water mist nozzle. The input end of the pressure trigger valve is connected to the inside of the water spraying tank 1, and the water mist nozzle is connected to the output end of the pressure trigger valve. The pressure trigger valve has the characteristics of automatically opening when the internal pressure of the water spraying tank 1 reaches a preset value and automatically closing when the pressure disappears.

[0026] A safety relief valve 7 is additionally installed on the top of the water spraying tank 1. The safety relief valve 7 is a spring structure, and its opening pressure is set to a preset value higher than the normal working pressure but lower than the upper limit of the water tank safety.

[0027] Working process: Initial state: The water in the water supply tank 4 is automatically filled into the water spraying tank 1 through the first check valve 5 by gravity.

[0028] Water spraying stage: After the shovel truck starts, part of the high-pressure exhaust gas generated by the engine exhaust pipe enters the top of the water spraying tank 1 through the air induction pipeline and the second check valve 6, pressurizing the water in the tank. When the pressure reaches the opening threshold of the pressure-sensitive nozzle 3, the nozzle opens and sprays water outward to reduce dust.

[0029] Exhaust stage: When the pressure in the water spraying tank 1 reaches the threshold of the safety relief valve 7, the safety relief valve 7 automatically opens to release pressure to prevent the tank pressure from being too high due to abnormal exhaust pressure or nozzle blockage.

[0030] Stop phase: the shovel extinguishes, the exhaust pressure disappears, the pressure-sensitive nozzle 3 is automatically closed, and the residual pressure in the tank is slowly released through the slow exhaust valve 8.

[0031] Re-watering phase: when the pressure in the tank drops below the gravity water supply pressure, the first check valve 5 opens, and the water supply tank 4 supplies water to the spray tank 1 again, preparing for the next work.

[0032] Advantages: The device of the basic embodiment is simple in structure and low in cost, can utilize waste gas residual pressure, and realizes automatic dust spraying synchronized with vehicle start and stop. Through the design of double check valves and exhaust valves, the basic safety and recyclable working ability of the system are ensured.

[0033] In order to protect the internal components of the system and prevent clogging, a gas filter 12 can be installed at the air intake port of the air induction pipeline to intercept large-sized carbon particles in the exhaust gas.

[0034] At the same time, a liquid filter 13 can be arranged inside the water outlet of the spray tank 1 (i.e. the upstream position of all pressure-sensitive nozzles 3) to intercept possible small impurities in the water, ensure the smooth operation of the nozzles, and prolong their service life.

[0035] In addition, a slow exhaust valve 8 is arranged at the top of the spray tank 1 to slowly release the residual pressure in the tank after the system stops working.

[0036] (Second embodiment) The second embodiment aims to solve the problem of non-synchronous water supply and spraying and intermittent work in the basic embodiment, and the purpose is to realize continuous and uninterrupted dust reduction.

[0037] Reference Figure 2 The second embodiment is based on the first embodiment and introduces a Venturi ejector 9 and reconfigures the pipeline connection. The specific modifications include: The direct water supply pipeline between the water supply tank 4 and the spray tank 1 is cancelled.

[0038] The power fluid inlet of the Venturi ejector 9 is connected to the end of the air induction pipeline; The suction fluid inlet of the Venturi ejector 9 is connected to the water outlet of the water supply tank 4 through a new water supply pipeline, and the first check valve 5 is installed on this new water supply pipeline; The mixed fluid outlet of the Venturi ejector 9 is connected to the upper part of the side wall of the spray tank 1 through a pipeline, and a tangential inlet design is preferably adopted to facilitate subsequent gas-liquid separation.

[0039] Working process: When the shovel is running, the high-speed exhaust gas flows through the venturi injector 9, generating negative pressure at its throat, thereby actively sucking water in the water supply tank 4 into the venturi injector 9 through the water supply pipeline, and the water and gas are mixed to form a gas-liquid mixture, which is injected into the spray water tank 1.

[0040] In the spray water tank 1, the water and gas are separated, the gas forms a pressure-driven spray at the upper part, and the separated water simultaneously replenishes the water tank, and this process continues, thereby realizing the synchronization of spraying and water replenishment.

[0041] Advantages: By introducing the venturi injector 9, the working mode of the device is upgraded from "intermittent" to "continuous", which utilizes the kinetic energy of the exhaust gas to realize pump-free active water replenishment, greatly improving the operation efficiency and practicality of the device, while maintaining the core advantages of passive and automation.

[0042] To further improve the running performance and safety of the basic embodiment, the specific structure can be further refined as follows: The spray water tank 1 can be designed as a gas-liquid separation pressure tank with a specific internal structure, and the tangential inlet design can be used for the mixed fluid inlet (i.e. the end of the air injection pipeline), or a baffle 2 can be arranged at the corresponding inlet position inside the tank body.

[0043] When the exhaust gas containing a small amount of condensed water or impurities enters the tank body, this structure can promote the separation of gas and liquid / solid materials due to centrifugal force or collision, ensuring that relatively pure gas is accumulated in the upper part of the tank body, thereby stably pressurizing the lower water body.

[0044] Working process: In the working process of the second embodiment of continuous water replenishment, since the gas-water mixture is continuously injected into the spray water tank 1 and separated inside, a safe air cushion with a considerable volume and continuous pressure naturally forms in the upper space of the spray water tank 1.

[0045] This safe air cushion not only serves as the power source for driving spraying, but also plays the role of a pneumatic accumulator in function. When the engine operating conditions (such as speed and load) of the shovel change, causing instantaneous fluctuations in exhaust gas flow, this compressible air cushion can effectively absorb and buffer pressure shocks, making the pressure acting on the water body and the pressure-sensitive nozzle 3 stable, thereby ensuring the continuity and stability of the spraying and dust suppression operation.

[0046] Further, in order to solve the risk of water hammer effect caused by high water level in the second embodiment during long-term operation, and further stabilize the system pressure, the spray water tank 1 is optimized in structure and an overflow circulation pipeline is added.

[0047] An overflow port is opened on the side wall of the spray tank 1.

[0048] Outside the spray tank 1, one end of an overflow pipeline 10 is connected to the overflow port, and the other end is connected back to the space above the top water surface of the water supply tank 4.

[0049] Inside the spray tank 1, one end of a liquid seal pipeline 11 is connected to the overflow port, and the other end is directed downward and vertically positioned below the overflow port and above all pressure-sensitive nozzles 3.

[0050] Working process: When the system is filled with water or in operation, the liquid seal pipeline 11 inside will naturally fill with water, forming a stable liquid seal that effectively isolates the gas phase space above the spray tank 1 from the overflow pipeline 10, preventing the escape of pressure gas.

[0051] When the water level in the spray tank 1 exceeds the preset overflow threshold due to continuous water supply or pressure, the pressure in the spray tank 1 exceeds the static water pressure generated by the vertical height difference between the top of the water supply tank 4 and the overflow port, and the water flows back to the water supply tank 4 through the overflow pipeline 10, thereby achieving the function of only allowing liquid to overflow without losing internal pressure. This self-regulating overflow cycle ensures that the highest working water level in the spray tank 1 is constantly limited to the preset overflow threshold.

[0052] Benefits: Eliminate water hammer risk: By passively locking the water level at a safe height, the possibility of air-water inlet pipe being submerged is eliminated, thereby completely eliminating the serious safety hazard of water hammer effect.

[0053] Stable spraying pressure: The constant air cushion space acts as a pressure buffer, effectively smoothing the impact of exhaust gas flow fluctuations on spraying pressure, making dust suppression more uniform and reliable.

[0054] (Third embodiment) Furthermore, the flow rates of the pressure-sensitive nozzles 3 and the Venturi ejector 9 are configured so that the flow rate of water sucked into the spray tank 1 through the Venturi ejector 9 is always greater than the flow rate of water sprayed out of the spray tank 1 through the pressure-sensitive nozzles 3.

[0055] This design is used to ensure that there is always enough liquid level inside the spray tank 1 for spraying work, avoiding the situation where the inside of the spray tank 1 is dry. The following technical means are proposed to achieve the above design.

[0056] Reference Figure 3 , the third embodiment introduces another Venturi ejector 9 and reconfigures the pipeline connection method based on the second embodiment. Specific modifications include: One three-way valve 14 is used to connect the power fluid inlet of the two Venturi ejectors 9, and another three-way valve 14 is used to connect the suction fluid inlet of the two Venturi ejectors 9, one of which is a low-speed model with a narrow throat designed for low-speed and low-exhaust conditions, and the other is a high-speed model with a wide throat designed for high-speed and high-exhaust conditions.

[0057] One three-way valve 14 is installed before the gas enters the Venturi ejector 9 through the second check valve 6, and another three-way valve 14 is installed before the liquid enters the Venturi ejector 9 through the first check valve 5, so that a parallel connection is formed between the second check valve 6, the spray water tank 1, and the water supply tank 4: the low-speed Venturi channel and the high-speed Venturi channel.

[0058] In addition, a controller is used to read the engine speed signal (or throttle pedal position signal).

[0059] Working process: Low-speed / idle condition: the controller detects that the engine speed is below a preset threshold, and controls the three-way valve 14 to direct all exhaust gas to the low-speed Venturi channel, at this time, although the total flow of exhaust gas is small, the narrow throat of the low-speed model Venturi ejector 9 ensures a high enough flow rate to generate effective water suction negative pressure.

[0060] High-speed / high-load condition: the controller detects that the engine speed is above the threshold, and controls the three-way valve 14 to switch the flow path to direct the exhaust gas to the low-speed Venturi channel or to both Venturi ejectors 9, the wide throat of the high-speed model Venturi ejector 9 can accommodate a large flow of exhaust gas, normal water suction while avoiding excessive exhaust back pressure.

[0061] (Fourth embodiment) Because the high-temperature exhaust gas of the shovel engine is directly introduced (or through the Venturi ejector) and mixed with water. The exhaust gas of a diesel engine not only contains carbon particles (Soot), but also contains a large amount of sulfur oxides (SOx) and nitrogen oxides (NOx).

[0062] These acidic gases dissolved in the water of the spray water tank will form sulfurous acid, sulfuric acid, nitrous acid, and nitric acid, which are corrosive and cause continuous chemical corrosion to the precision components inside the first, second, and third embodiments.

[0063] To solve the above problems, the fourth embodiment is improved based on the first, second, or third embodiment, and mainly adds a neutralization unit in the liquid filter 13.

[0064] Reference Figure 4 The liquid filter 13 includes a filter shell 15 and a combined filter element 16.

[0065] The filter housing 15 is an integral part of the spray tank 1, and is a cylindrical housing standing on the bottom of the spray tank 1.

[0066] The combined filter cartridge is cylindrical in shape, and comprises a three-layer structure distributed radially, the outermost layer being a pre-filter layer (for removing large particles), the middle layer being filled with alkaline mineral filter material for neutralization, and the innermost layer being a fine filter layer (for removing micro-soluble salts or fine particles generated by the neutralization reaction).

[0067] The alkaline mineral filter material is preferably low-cost, high-reactivity crushed limestone (main component: calcium carbonate CaCO3) or light-burned dolomite (main components: calcium oxide CaO and magnesium oxide MgO). These materials are widely available and inexpensive, and can effectively neutralize acidic substances.

[0068] The top of the filter housing 15 is provided with a water outlet connector that connects the inner hole area of the combined filter cartridge 16 and each pressure-sensitive spray head 3.

[0069] The circumferential wall of the filter housing 15 is provided with at least one water inlet that connects the outer wall area of the combined filter cartridge 16 and the interior of the spray tank 1.

[0070] The bottom of the filter housing 15 is integral with the bottom of the spray tank 1, and the bottom of the filter housing 15 is provided with a detachable screw cap that, when opened, can expose the interior of the filter housing, thereby facilitating replacement of the combined filter cartridge 16, and, when closed, can seal the bottom of the inner hole of the combined filter cartridge 16.

[0071] The working process of the liquid filter 13 is described as follows.

[0072] Acidic water enters the filter housing 15: acidic water (containing SOx and NOx) from the spray tank enters the interior space of the filter housing 15 through the water inlet of the filter housing 15, and surrounds the outer wall of the combined filter cartridge 16.

[0073] Through the pre-filter layer (outer layer): the water flow is first forced through the outermost layer of the combined filter cartridge 16, the pre-filter layer, which intercepts large particles in the water, protecting the subsequent neutralization layer and fine filter layer from being clogged prematurely.

[0074] Through the neutralization layer (middle layer): the pre-filtered water flow then penetrates into the middle layer of the combined filter cartridge 16, the alkaline mineral filter material, where the sulfuric acid, nitric acid and other acidic substances in the water react chemically with the limestone (CaCO3) or dolomite (CaO / MgO), thereby being neutralized, and the pH value of the water gradually tends to be neutral.

[0075] Through the fine filtration layer (inner layer): the neutralized water continues to penetrate to the center of the combined filter core 16, enters the innermost layer, the fine filtration layer, which is responsible for the final filtration, removing the slightly soluble salts (such as small crystals of calcium sulfate) and other fine suspended particles that may be produced during the neutralization reaction.

[0076] Clean neutral water outflow: the clean, neutral water treated by all layers is collected in the central cavity of the combined filter core 16, and then flows out through the water outlet of the filter shell 15 to enter the subsequent spraying system.

[0077] The above examples are only exemplary embodiments of the present application and are not intended to limit the present application, and the protection scope of the present application is defined by the claims. Those skilled in the art can make various modifications or equivalent replacements to the present application within the spirit and protection scope of the present application, and such modifications or equivalent replacements are also considered to fall within the protection scope of the embodiments of the present application.

Claims

1. An energy-saving dust reduction system for a loader in an underground mining site, characterized in that, include: A spray tank (1) serves as a sealed container to hold the water to be sprayed; An air intake pipe is connected at one end to the exhaust pipe of the loader's engine and at the other end to the top space of the spray tank (1). At least one pressure-sensitive nozzle (3) is installed at the bottom of the spray tank (1) and is configured to automatically start spraying water when the pressure in the spray tank (1) reaches a preset opening value; A safety relief valve (7) is installed on the spray tank (1) and is set to open at a pressure higher than that of the pressure-sensing nozzle (3).

2. The energy-saving dust reduction system according to claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: A water supply tank (4) is installed at a higher position than the spray tank (1); A water supply pipeline connecting the water supply tank (4) and the spray tank (1) is used to allow water inside the water supply tank (4) to flow from the water supply tank (4) into the spray tank (1) by gravity.

3. The energy-saving dust reduction system according to claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: A water supply tank (4); A Venturi injector (9); The power fluid inlet of the Venturi injector (9) is connected to the air intake pipe, and the mixed fluid outlet of the Venturi injector (9) is connected to the spray tank (1), thereby enabling the air intake pipe to be connected to the top space of the spray tank (1). The suction fluid inlet of the Venturi injector (9) is connected to the water supply tank (4) through a water supply pipeline, so that the water inside the water supply tank (4) is drawn into the spray water tank (1) by the negative pressure generated when the gas flows.

4. The energy-saving dust reduction system according to claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: A water supply tank (4); A Venturi injector (9) designed for low engine speed conditions and a Venturi injector (9) designed for high engine speed conditions, the mixing fluid outlets of the two Venturi injectors (9) are both connected to the spray tank (1). Two three-way valves (14), one of which is connected to the air intake line and to the power fluid inlet of the two Venturi injectors (9), and the other three-way valve (14) is connected to the water supply tank (4) through the water supply line and to the suction fluid inlet of the two Venturi injectors (9); A controller is configured to synchronously control the two three-way valves (14) to switch flow paths based on a preset loader engine operating condition signal.

5. The energy-saving dust reduction system according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that, Also includes: An overflow port is provided at a predetermined height on the side wall of the spray tank (1); An overflow pipe (10) is connected at one end to the overflow port and at the other end to the space above the water surface of the water supply tank (4); A liquid seal pipeline (11) is installed inside the spray tank (1), with one end connected to the overflow port and the other end extending downward to below the vertical position of the overflow port; The static water pressure generated by the vertical height difference between the top of the water supply tank (4) and the overflow port is configured such that when the water level in the spray tank (1) exceeds the preset overflow threshold, the pressure in the spray tank (1) exceeds the static water pressure, and the water flows back to the water supply tank (4) through the overflow pipe (10).

6. The energy-saving dust reduction system according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that, The mixed fluid outlet of the Venturi injector (9) is tangentially connected to the inner wall of the spray tank (1), or a baffle (2) is provided inside the spray tank (1) at the position corresponding to the mixed fluid inlet to promote the separation of gas and liquid leaving the mixed fluid outlet of the Venturi injector (9).

7. The energy-saving dust reduction system according to any one of claims 2, 3, and 4, characterized in that, Also includes: A slow-speed exhaust valve (8) installed on the spray tank (1) is used to slowly release the remaining pressure inside the spray tank (1) after the engine of the loader stops working; A first check valve (5) installed on the water supply pipeline allows water to flow unidirectionally from the water supply tank (4) into the spray tank (1); A gas filter (12) installed at the inlet of the gas duct is used to filter solid particles in the exhaust gas; A liquid filter (13) is installed at the inlet of each of the pressure-sensitive nozzles (3) to filter impurities in the water; A second check valve (6) installed on the air intake line is used to allow exhaust gas to flow unidirectionally from the engine exhaust pipe into the spray tank (1).

8. A method for energy-saving and dust-reduction of a loader in an underground mining site, characterized in that, The energy-saving dust reduction method employs the energy-saving dust reduction system described in claim 2, and the energy-saving dust reduction method includes the following steps: Pressurization and spraying: The exhaust gas generated by the engine exhaust pipe of the loader is introduced into the upper space of the spray water tank (1) to pressurize the water inside the spray water tank (1). When the pressure inside the spray water tank (1) reaches the preset opening value of the pressure sensing nozzle (3), the pressure sensing nozzle (3) automatically opens to spray water outward to reduce dust. Shutdown and water replenishment: After the loader is shut down, the exhaust pressure disappears and the pressure-sensing nozzle (3) automatically closes. The residual air pressure inside the spray tank (1) is slowly released through the slow exhaust valve (8). When the pressure inside the spray tank (1) drops below the gravity water replenishment pressure, the water supply tank (4) replenishes the spray tank (1) to prepare for the next operation.

9. A method for energy-saving and dust-reduction of a loader in an underground mining site, characterized in that, The energy-saving dust reduction method employs the energy-saving dust reduction system described in claim 3, and the energy-saving dust reduction method includes the following steps: Pressurization, spraying and water replenishment: The exhaust gas generated by the engine exhaust pipe of the loader is introduced into the Venturi injector (9) as the power fluid. The negative pressure generated by the Venturi injector (9) is used to draw water from the water supply tank (4) to form a gas-liquid mixture. The gas-liquid mixture is injected into the spray water tank (1) for gas-liquid separation. The separated gas pressurizes the water in the tank. The separated water replenishes the spray water tank (1). The gas enters the upper space of the spray water tank (1) and pressurizes the water inside the spray water tank (1). When the pressure inside the spray water tank (1) reaches the preset opening value of the pressure sensing nozzle (3), the pressure sensing nozzle (3) automatically opens to spray water outward for dust suppression.

10. A method for energy-saving and dust-reduction of a loader in an underground mining site, characterized in that, The energy-saving dust reduction method employs the energy-saving dust reduction system described in claim 4, and the energy-saving dust reduction method includes the following steps: The controller detects the engine operating condition and synchronously controls the two three-way valves (14) to switch the flow path: When the engine is detected to be operating at low speed, exhaust gas and water are introduced into the Venturi injector (9) designed for low engine speed operation. When the engine is detected to be operating at high speed, exhaust gas and water are introduced into one or both of the Venturi injectors (9). The gas-liquid mixture generated by the Venturi injector (9) is injected into the spray tank (1) for gas-liquid separation, and the separated gas pressurizes the water inside the spray tank (1). When the pressure inside the spray tank (1) reaches the preset opening value of the pressure-sensitive nozzle (3), the pressure-sensitive nozzle (3) automatically opens to spray water outward to reduce dust.

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