Unmanned aerial vehicle-based construction site intelligent inspection method

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of construction site intelligent inspection methods based on unmanned aerial vehicle, including longitudinal monitoring unit, transverse monitoring unit and unmanned aerial vehicle;Along the outer surface of each longitudinal main material of tower, it is connected with one longitudinal monitoring unit, along the outer surface of each transverse auxiliary material of tower, it is connected with one transverse monitoring unit, and all longitudinal monitoring units are extended along the length direction of corresponding longitudinal main material, and all transverse monitoring units are extended along the length direction of corresponding transverse auxiliary material;Each longitudinal monitoring unit is equipped with longitudinal sliding groove extending along the length direction, each transverse monitoring unit is equipped with transverse sliding groove extending along the length direction, and the cross-sectional shape of longitudinal sliding groove and transverse sliding groove is identical;The unmanned aerial vehicle is provided with traction rope, and the lower end of traction rope is slidably connected in transverse sliding groove or longitudinal sliding groove.The application solves the technical problem that unmanned aerial vehicle is applied to tower construction to realize early warning alarm function.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the technical field of construction early warning and alarm methods, specifically relating to an intelligent inspection method for construction sites based on unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). Background Technology

[0002] Construction site inspections, through proactive and high-frequency dynamic monitoring, construct a comprehensive defense line covering "safety, quality, progress, and compliance," fundamentally solving the management challenges posed by complex construction environments, high risk concentration, and numerous variables. Traditional manual inspections rely on human foot or vehicle movement, making it impossible to access special environments such as high altitudes, deep pits, and high temperatures. They are time-consuming and prone to overlooking hidden areas. For example, the construction of high-voltage power line towers, although covering a small area, can reach heights of tens or even hundreds of meters. The tower height is determined by the conductor insulation requirements and sag characteristics. During the construction of high-voltage power line towers, it is necessary to monitor the stress status of the main tower materials (the vertical main load-bearing components on both sides or four corners of the tower body, forming the tower's "skeleton") and auxiliary materials (including horizontal angle steel, providing lateral auxiliary connections to enhance tower rigidity and distribute loads) in real time. The existing methods for building iron towers mostly use common pole-mounting systems. These systems have load monitoring capabilities, but they do not directly monitor the stress of the main and auxiliary materials. On-site inspections also indirectly reflect the stress on the iron tower through the pole-mounting system. If the stress exceeds the warning value of the pole-mounting system, the system will automatically issue a warning and alarm.

[0003] However, the above-mentioned on-site inspection methods have the following shortcomings:

[0004] The automatic early warning and alarm functions of the pole-mounting system are based on the pre-input maximum bearing capacity and corresponding safety factor of the main and auxiliary materials. The real-time stress value of the tower is derived from the force exerted on the pole itself. When the real-time stress value exceeds the theoretical maximum bearing capacity of the main and auxiliary materials, the pole-mounting system issues an alarm. Therefore, the stress on the main and auxiliary materials during tower construction is indirectly calculated and differs from the actual stress. In complex construction environments (such as windy weather with unpredictable and changing wind directions), even with complex calculations and stress analysis, there may still be significant differences between the warning value and the actual value, leading to inaccurate warnings and potential accidents. Therefore, the existing early warning and alarm functions of the pole-mounting system cannot directly indicate whether the tower's deformation exceeds the maximum allowable deformation under complex stress conditions.

[0005] With the rapid development of drone technology, drone-based early warning and alarm technologies have been applied in various industries. For example, announcement number CN112125184B discloses a method for monitoring and early warning of tower cranes in construction sites. This method utilizes drone flight photography and real-time data reception to obtain early warning thresholds through data analysis, thereby providing comprehensive monitoring and early warning for tower cranes at construction sites. However, drones have not yet been applied to early warning of deformation in high-voltage power line towers for the following reasons:

[0006] 1. Manually operating a drone to photograph all the main and auxiliary materials of the steel tower is extremely difficult for two reasons. First, the drone's camera needs to maintain a relatively fixed shooting distance to obtain sufficiently clear images. However, maintaining the distance between the camera and the main and auxiliary materials within the allowable range depends heavily on the operator's proficiency. Assuming a tower height of 100 meters, the total length of the four main materials exceeds 400 meters, and the auxiliary materials are even longer, resulting in a drone flight path of at least 800 meters. With multiple daily inspections and flight paths exceeding 800 meters each time, even skilled drone operators will find it difficult to maintain the same shooting distance for every inspection, making manual drone operation unreliable in terms of image quality. Second, the steel tower itself undergoes a certain degree of deformation, within the maximum allowable deformation range. The overall deformation of the tower manifests in the main and auxiliary materials, but the deformation is minimal. Even with close-up, high-definition images of the main and auxiliary materials, it is difficult to determine from the image data alone whether the current stress deformation exceeds the maximum allowable deformation. Even with existing image recognition and analysis technologies, this remains challenging.

[0007] 2. If the flight route is planned in advance according to the tower structure, the difficulty and time of planning the drone flight map mainly depend on factors such as scene complexity, planning objectives, data volume, and hardware performance. Since the tower is a three-dimensional structure with a top-to-bottom distribution, the boom occupies space near the tower in real time during hoisting. Planning a flight map in an environment with multiple mission points and numerous obstacles is difficult and time-consuming.

[0008] In summary, there are many technical challenges in realizing the early warning and alarm functions of drones in the construction of towers based on existing drone information technology. Summary of the Invention

[0009] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies and overcome the technical challenges of applying drones to realize early warning and alarm functions in tower construction, this invention provides a drone-based intelligent inspection method for construction sites, comprising a longitudinal monitoring unit, a transverse monitoring unit, and a drone. A longitudinal monitoring unit is connected to the outer surface of each longitudinal main member of the tower, and a transverse monitoring unit is connected to the outer surface of each transverse auxiliary member of the tower. All longitudinal monitoring units extend along the length of their respective longitudinal main members, and all transverse monitoring units extend along the length of their respective transverse auxiliary members. Each longitudinal monitoring unit has a longitudinal groove extending along its length, and each transverse monitoring unit has a transverse groove extending along its length, with identical cross-sectional shapes for the longitudinal and transverse grooves. The drone is equipped with a traction rope, the lower end of which is slidably connected to either the transverse or longitudinal groove. Each transverse groove communicates with an adjacent longitudinal groove, forming a cross-shaped interface at the connection point. Each cross-shaped interface has a blocking mechanism at its upper, lower, left, and right interfaces. By closing the corresponding upper, lower, left, or right interface through the blocking mechanism, the corresponding longitudinal or transverse groove is blocked.

[0010] The preferred embodiment of the UAV-based intelligent inspection method for construction sites in this invention is as follows: the cross-sectional shape of all longitudinal chutes and all transverse chutes are open circles, and the end of the traction rope is provided with a smooth sphere that fits the open circular portion. During the flight of the UAV, the smooth sphere slides in the chutes, keeping the distance between the UAV and the tower within an allowable range, which helps to improve the clarity of the acquired images.

[0011] The preferred embodiment of the intelligent inspection method for construction sites based on drones in this invention is as follows: Each longitudinal monitoring unit and each transverse monitoring unit has a deformation detection strip extending along its length on their outer surface. Each deformation detection strip contains a glass tube sealed with fluorescent liquid, and each strip has a slit for exposing the glass tube. Each strip also has a groove that fits the glass tube, with a buffer pad between the groove and the tube. The deformation detection strip, the longitudinal monitoring unit, and the corresponding longitudinal main material are fixedly connected. When the longitudinal main material deforms, the corresponding deformation detection strip also deforms, while the glass tube remains undeformable and fragile. When the deformation of the detection strip exceeds the maximum allowable deformation, the glass tube breaks, and the fluorescent liquid leaks out. This leaked fluorescence is easily identifiable in the image captured by the drone. The fluorescent liquid is particularly noticeable in low light or at night, making it visible to the naked eye and significantly enhancing the warning effect, thus greatly improving the alarm performance.

[0012] The preferred embodiment of the intelligent inspection method for construction sites based on unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in this invention is as follows: The blocking mechanism includes a solenoid valve and a gate connected to the telescopic shaft of the solenoid valve. The solenoid valve is fixedly connected to the outside of the corresponding upper, lower, left, or right interface, and the gate is laterally slidably connected to the corresponding upper, lower, left, or right interface. The solenoid valve drives the gate to extend into the upper, lower, left, or right interface, thereby blocking the corresponding longitudinal or transverse slide. The blocking mechanism includes a power supply, a wireless unit, and a secondary control unit. The control unit is electrically connected to the wireless unit, the power supply, and the solenoid valve, respectively. According to the flight path of the UAV, the UAV may fly upward, downward, left, or right at each cross interface, but it chooses one direction each time it passes through the interface. The solenoid valves in the other three directions keep the gate stationary, blocking these three directions, thus leaving only the passage direction unobstructed so that the smooth ball at the end of the traction rope can pass smoothly, and the UAV can fly unimpeded along the flight path.

[0013] The beneficial effects of the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-based intelligent inspection method for construction sites in this invention are as follows:

[0014] 1. Compared with existing pole-mounting early warning systems, the lateral monitoring unit and longitudinal monitoring unit can directly reflect whether the deformation of the lateral auxiliary material and the longitudinal main material exceeds the maximum allowable deformation, without the need for complex calculations and stress analysis, and are not affected by complex environments.

[0015] 2. Using a tether for drones offers two major advantages: First, during flight, the tether maintains the distance between the drone and the tower within acceptable limits, minimizing distance fluctuations and improving video clarity. Second, the drone can formulate a preliminary, approximate flight path based on the tower's structure. During flight, the tether acts as a guide to correct the flight path, eliminating the need for precise route planning and significantly reducing the difficulty and cost of custom flight maps.

[0016] 3. By using drones to obtain the stress conditions of longitudinal and transverse monitoring units fixed to the longitudinal main material and transverse auxiliary material respectively, the minute deformations that are difficult to judge intuitively can be indirectly manifested. If the maximum deformation is exceeded, a warning and alarm will be triggered. It is very easy to be captured by drones or detected by the naked eye. The alarm is rapid and the safety factor is high. Attached Figure Description

[0017] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments recorded in this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0018] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the intelligent inspection method for construction sites based on unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in this invention.

[0019] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the drone flying along the iron tower in this invention;

[0020] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram showing the distribution of the longitudinal monitoring unit and the transverse monitoring unit on the iron tower in this invention;

[0021] Figure 4 for Figure 3 A magnified view of a portion of the image;

[0022] Figure 5 for Figure 4 Enlarged view of point A in the middle;

[0023] Figure 6 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the longitudinal monitoring unit in this invention;

[0024] Figure 7 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the deformation detection strip in this invention;

[0025] Figure 8 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the transverse monitoring unit in this invention;

[0026] Figure 9 for Figure 8 A schematic diagram of the middle gate blocking the transverse sliding groove.

[0027] Reference numerals: 1. Longitudinal monitoring unit; 2. Lateral monitoring unit; 3. UAV; 4. Longitudinal main material; 5. Lateral auxiliary material; 6. Longitudinal groove; 7. Lateral groove; 8. Traction rope; 9. Smooth sphere; 10. Cross interface; 11. Blocking mechanism; 12. Solenoid valve; 13. Gate; 14. Deformation detection strip; 15. Glass tube; 16. Buffer pad; 17. Gap. Detailed Implementation

[0028] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the inventors of this invention, through long-term research and extensive practice, have proposed the technical solution of this invention. The technical solution, its implementation process, and principles will be further explained below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific implementation examples in the embodiments of this application.

[0029] like Figure 1 and Figure 3As shown, this embodiment provides an intelligent inspection method for construction sites based on a drone 3, including a longitudinal monitoring unit 1, a transverse monitoring unit 2, a drone 3, a ground control unit, and an early warning unit. The ground control unit is connected to the drone 3, the early warning unit, all longitudinal monitoring units 1, and all transverse monitoring units 2. The ground control unit can formulate a preliminary flight route based on the overall structure of the tower. The tower includes a multi-layer main structure, each layer of the main structure including four longitudinal main members 4; each layer of the main structure includes at least one set of auxiliary structures, each set of auxiliary structures including four transverse auxiliary members 5 located in the same horizontal plane. The preliminary flight route must pass through each longitudinal main member 4 and each transverse auxiliary member 5. In addition, each pair of adjacent longitudinal main members 4 is connected by partial overlap and bolt locking, and the transverse auxiliary members 5 are also bolted to the longitudinal main members 4.

[0030] like Figure 2 As shown, to enable the drone 3 to fly smoothly along the customized route, this embodiment connects a longitudinal monitoring unit 1 to the outer surface of each longitudinal main member 4 along the tower, and a transverse monitoring unit 2 to the outer surface of each transverse auxiliary member 5 along the tower. All longitudinal monitoring units 1 extend along the length of their respective longitudinal main members 4, and all transverse monitoring units 2 extend along the length of their respective transverse auxiliary members 5. The longitudinal monitoring unit 1 has an L-shaped cross-section, which is adapted to the outer edge of the longitudinal main member 4. The longitudinal monitoring unit 1 is glued and fixed along the outer edge of the longitudinal main member 4. When the longitudinal main member 4 deforms, the longitudinal monitoring unit 1 deforms to the same extent. For the overlapping connection between any two adjacent longitudinal main members 4, the longitudinal monitoring unit 1 adopts a curved structure adapted to the overlapping connection, thereby solving the problem of unevenness in the overlapping connection. The transverse monitoring unit 2 has a rectangular cross-section and is glued and fixed to the upper surface of the transverse auxiliary member 5. Similarly, when the transverse main member deforms, the transverse monitoring unit 2 deforms to the same extent.

[0031] like Figure 4 and Figure 5As shown, each longitudinal monitoring unit 1 is provided with a longitudinal groove 6 extending along the length direction, and each transverse monitoring unit 2 is provided with a transverse groove 7 extending along the length direction, and the cross-sectional shapes of the longitudinal groove 6 and the transverse groove 7 are the same. The drone 3 is provided with a traction rope 8, the lower end of which is slidably connected to the transverse groove 7 or the longitudinal groove 6. The cross-sectional shapes of all longitudinal grooves 6 and all transverse grooves 7 are open circles. The end of the traction rope 8 is provided with a smooth sphere 9 that fits the open circular portion. During the flight of the drone 3, the smooth sphere 9 slides in the longitudinal groove 6 or the transverse groove 7, keeping the distance between the drone 3 and the tower within an allowable range, thus keeping the focal length of the drone 3's camera constant and improving the clarity of the acquired images. To ensure the smooth flight of the UAV 3 along its flight path, each transverse chute 7 is connected to an adjacent longitudinal chute 6, forming a cross-shaped interface 10 at the connection point. Each cross-shaped interface 10 has a blocking mechanism 11 at its upper, lower, left, and right interfaces. By closing the corresponding upper, lower, left, or right interface using the blocking mechanism 11, the corresponding longitudinal chute 6 or transverse chute 7 is blocked. For example, if the UAV 3 flies to the cross-shaped interface 10 and then turns left, the blocking mechanism 11 at the left interface opens, while the upper, lower, and right interfaces remain closed. After reaching the cross-shaped interface 10, the smooth sphere 9 smoothly slides out to the left interface under the traction of the UAV 3 and the guidance of the interface, thus solving the path selection problem for the smooth sphere 9 at the cross-shaped interface 10.

[0032] like Figure 7As shown, to visually determine whether the deformation of each longitudinal main member 4 and each transverse auxiliary member 5 of the tower exceeds the maximum allowable deformation, each longitudinal monitoring unit 1 and each transverse monitoring unit 2 has a deformation detection strip 14 extending along its length on its outer surface. Each deformation detection strip 14 contains a glass tube 15 sealed with fluorescent liquid, and each deformation detection strip 14 has a gap 17 for exposing the glass tube 15. Specifically, the longitudinal monitoring unit 1 has an L-shaped cross-section, with one deformation detection strip 14 fixedly connected to each of its two outer surfaces. A parallel longitudinal groove 6 is also distributed on the side of each deformation detection strip 14. The transverse monitoring unit 2 has a rectangular cross-section, with one deformation detection strip 14 fixedly connected to its upper surface, and the transverse groove 7 located on the side of the transverse monitoring unit 2. Each deformation detection strip 14 has a slot inside that fits the glass tube 15, and a buffer pad 16 is provided between the slot and the glass tube 15. The deformation detection strip 14, the longitudinal monitoring unit 1, and the corresponding longitudinal main material 4 are fixedly connected. When the longitudinal main material 4 deforms, the corresponding deformation detection strip 14 also deforms, while the glass tube 15 is non-deformable and fragile. When the deformation of the deformation detection strip 14 exceeds the maximum allowable deformation, the glass tube 15 breaks, and the fluorescent liquid leaks out. After being captured by the drone 3, the leaked fluorescence is easily identified in the image. In low light or at night, the fluorescent liquid is particularly noticeable and can be seen with the naked eye, greatly enhancing the warning effect and thus significantly improving the alarm effect.

[0033] A movable gap is provided between the aforementioned slot and the glass tube 15. The function of the movable gap is that when the deformation does not exceed the maximum allowable deformation, the deformation of the slot is within the range of the movable gap, preventing compression of the glass tube 15 and thus preventing deformation and damage to the glass tube 15. Within the normal deformation range of the tower, the fluorescent liquid will not leak, avoiding false alarms. The buffer pad 16 filling the movable gap serves to fix the glass tube 15, preventing it from shaking or colliding within the movable gap and absorbing impact force.

[0034] like Figure 5 , Figure 6 , Figure 8 and Figure 9As shown, the blocking mechanism 11 in this embodiment includes a solenoid valve 12 and a gate 13 connected to the telescopic shaft of the solenoid valve 12. The solenoid valve 12 is fixedly connected to the outside of the corresponding upper interface, lower interface, left interface, or right interface, and the gate 13 is laterally slidably connected to the corresponding upper interface, lower interface, left interface, or right interface. The solenoid valve 12 drives the gate 13 to extend into the upper interface, lower interface, left interface, or right interface, thereby blocking the corresponding longitudinal groove 6 or transverse groove 7. The blocking mechanism 11 includes a power supply, a wireless unit, and a secondary control unit. The control unit is electrically connected to the wireless unit, the power supply, and the solenoid valve 12, respectively. According to the flight path of the UAV 3, the UAV 3 may fly up, down, left, or right at each cross interface 10, but it chooses one direction each time it passes through the interface. The solenoid valves 12 in the other three directions keep the gate 13 stationary, blocking these three directions, so that only the passage direction is unobstructed, allowing the smooth ball at the end of the traction rope 8 to pass smoothly, and the UAV 3 flies unimpeded along the flight path.

[0035] In this embodiment, the ground master control unit connects to all secondary control units via a wireless network. Both the secondary control units and the ground master control unit integrate wireless modules. These wireless modules can be Bluetooth, 4G, or 5G modules, as long as they meet the requirements for wireless data transmission near the tower; this embodiment does not impose any restrictions. The intelligent inspection method of this embodiment is as follows:

[0036] First, based on the distribution of the longitudinal main material 4 and the transverse auxiliary material 5 of the tower, a preliminary flight path is created in the ground main control unit. The starting point of the flight path is selected from the lower end of one of the four longitudinal main materials 4. The flight path can repeatedly pass through the same longitudinal main material 4 or transverse auxiliary material 5, but the flight path must pass through every longitudinal main material 4 and transverse auxiliary material 5 without omission.

[0037] The distance between the drone 3 and the current longitudinal main member 4 or transverse auxiliary member 5 is set to be exactly equal to the length of the traction rope 8. The flight path starts from the bottom of the tower. The smooth sphere 9 is inserted into one of the longitudinal slots 6, and the drone 3 is started, flying along the flight path. According to the drone 3 positioning system, whenever the drone 3 reaches any cross-shaped interface 10, the ground main control unit sends a command to one of the secondary control units in that cross-shaped interface 10. The secondary control unit causes the corresponding solenoid valve 12 to retract, and the interface opens accordingly, preparing for the smooth sphere 9 to pass smoothly. This avoids the smooth sphere 9 getting stuck in other interfaces and solves the selective passage problem of the cross-shaped interfaces 10. The drone 3 flies through the opened gate 13, and the gate 13 resets after the smooth sphere 9 passes through. This process allows the drone to pass smoothly through all cross-shaped interfaces 10.

[0038] Throughout its flight, the drone 3's camera remains focused on either the longitudinal monitoring unit 1 or the lateral monitoring unit 2 at its current location. The drone 3 uses a tether 8 to maintain a stable camera shooting distance. Image data captured by the drone 3 is transmitted to the ground control unit in real time. The ground control unit analyzes the image data for any leaked fluorescent liquid. If leaked liquid is found, the warning unit alarms and displays the specific location of the leak, while the ground control unit simultaneously issues an alarm notification. Conversely, if the real-time deformation of the tower does not exceed the maximum permissible deformation, the drone 3 continues its real-time inspection until the tower is fully assembled.

[0039] Tower construction typically takes place during the day. If the sunlight is strong on the day of construction, and the tower is tens or hundreds of meters high, it is difficult to observe the leaked fluorescence with the naked eye. Therefore, a drone 3 is needed to acquire high-definition images of each longitudinal monitoring unit 1 and lateral monitoring unit 2 at close range. Furthermore, the drone 3's camera module is equipped with a bandpass filter and a light emission control component, allowing only the emission wavelength of the fluorescent liquid to pass through (e.g., if the fluorescence is 520nm green light, the filter only allows wavelengths of 510~530nm), blocking other wavelengths in the strong light (such as blue and red light from sunlight). The light emission control component actively illuminates the target using a specific wavelength excitation light source (such as an ultraviolet LED), while simultaneously taking pictures during non-excitation light periods (utilizing the time decay characteristics of fluorescence) to avoid direct superposition of excitation light and strong light. After the captured high-definition images are sent to the ground control unit, the ground control unit uses image processing technology (highlight / overexposure repair, noise reduction, and fluorescence feature enhancement and segmentation) to accurately identify whether the fluorescence is in a regular linear pattern or an irregular scattered pattern. If the glass tube 15 is intact, the fluorescence is captured through the slit 17, thus appearing as regular lines. If the glass tube 15 is broken, the fluorescent liquid leaks from the deformation detection strip 14, thus appearing as irregular scattered patterns.

[0040] During the aforementioned inspection process, since the distance between the drone 3 and the tower is fixed, for example, 10cm, a safety distance of more than 15cm is reserved in advance for all dynamic assembly actions during the tower assembly process. That is, no object can intersect with the flight path and a safety distance of more than 15cm must be maintained.

[0041] It should be understood that the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical concept and features of the present invention, and are intended to enable those skilled in the art to understand the content of the present invention and implement it accordingly. It should not be considered that the specific implementation of the present invention is limited to these descriptions. For those skilled in the art, several simple deductions or substitutions can be made without departing from the concept of the present invention. All equivalent changes or modifications made in accordance with the spirit and essence of the present invention should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for intelligent inspection of construction sites based on unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), characterized in that: Includes longitudinal monitoring units, lateral monitoring units, and drones; A longitudinal monitoring unit is connected to the outer surface of each longitudinal main member of the tower, and a transverse monitoring unit is connected to the outer surface of each transverse auxiliary member of the tower. All longitudinal monitoring units extend along the length of the corresponding longitudinal main member, and all transverse monitoring units extend along the length of the corresponding transverse auxiliary member. Each longitudinal monitoring unit is provided with a longitudinal chute extending along the length direction, and each transverse monitoring unit is provided with a transverse chute extending along the length direction, and the cross-sectional shape of the longitudinal chute and the transverse chute is the same; the UAV is provided with a traction rope, the lower end of which is slidably connected to the transverse chute or the longitudinal chute. Each transverse slide is connected to the adjacent longitudinal slide and forms a cross interface at the connection point. Each cross interface has an upper, lower, left, and right interface equipped with a blocking mechanism. By blocking the corresponding upper, lower, left, or right interface, the corresponding longitudinal or transverse slide is blocked. The cross-sectional shape of all longitudinal chute and the cross-sectional shape of all transverse chute are open circles, and the end of the traction rope is provided with a smooth sphere that fits the open circular part. Each longitudinal monitoring unit and each transverse monitoring unit has a deformation detection strip extending along the length direction on their outer surface. Each deformation detection strip has a glass tube inside which fluorescent liquid is sealed. Each deformation detection strip has a slit for exposing the glass tube. Each deformation test strip has an internal slot that fits the glass tube, and a buffer pad is placed between the slot and the glass tube.

2. The intelligent inspection method for construction sites based on unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) according to claim 1, characterized in that: The blocking mechanism includes a solenoid valve and a gate connected to the telescopic shaft of the solenoid valve. The solenoid valve is fixedly connected to the outside of the corresponding upper interface, lower interface, left interface or right interface, and the gate is laterally slidably connected to the corresponding upper interface, lower interface, left interface or right interface. The solenoid valve drives the gate to extend into the upper interface, lower interface, left interface or right interface, thereby blocking the corresponding longitudinal groove or transverse groove.

3. The intelligent inspection method for construction sites based on unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) according to claim 2, characterized in that: The blocking mechanism includes a power supply, a wireless unit, and a secondary control unit. The control unit is electrically connected to the wireless unit, the power supply, and the solenoid valve, respectively.

4. The intelligent inspection method for construction sites based on unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) according to claim 3, characterized in that: Including the ground main control unit, all secondary control units are wirelessly connected to the main control unit.

5. The intelligent inspection method for construction sites based on unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) according to claim 4, characterized in that: The iron tower consists of a multi-layer main structure, each layer of which includes four longitudinal main members; each layer of main structure includes at least one set of auxiliary structures, each set of auxiliary structures including four transverse auxiliary members located in the same horizontal plane. It also includes an early warning unit, with the ground main control unit connected to the UAV, the early warning unit, and all the secondary control units; the method includes the following steps: S1. Customize a preliminary flight path based on the longitudinal main material and transverse auxiliary material of the tower, and the flight path must pass through each longitudinal main material and transverse auxiliary material. S2. The flight path starts from the bottom of the tower. Insert the smooth sphere into one of the longitudinal slots, start the drone, and the drone flies along the flight path. S3. During flight, before the drone reaches each cross-shaped interface, one of the four blocking mechanisms of the cross-shaped interface opens the gate under the control of the sub-control unit. The drone flies over the opened gate, and the smooth ball resets after passing through the opened gate. S4. Throughout the entire flight, the drone's camera remains pointed at the longitudinal or lateral monitoring unit at the current location. The drone uses a tether to maintain a stable shooting distance for the camera. The image data captured by the drone is sent to the ground control unit in real time. The ground control unit analyzes the image data to determine if there is any leaked fluorescent liquid. If so, the warning unit will sound an alarm and display the specific location of the leak. If not, the real-time deformation of the tower does not exceed the maximum allowable deformation.

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