Visual teaching demonstration instrument for Avgamdeo's law

Abstract

The invention discloses an Avgamdeo law demonstrator, which realizes preparation of a dry air environment and quantitative water injection through combination of a rigid air tank (1), a constant-temperature oil bath system, a multifunctional port (2) and a pressure monitoring device. Under the constant-temperature and constant-volume condition, liquid water is vaporized to form wet saturated air by injecting water (the mass ratio is 0.622) with the number equal to that of air molecules, the driving pressure is increased from 1 atm to 2 atm, and the direct proportion relation between the number of gas molecules and the pressure is visually verified. The device fills up the blank of an instrument for quantitatively demonstrating the Avudgdow's law in chemistry and thermotics teaching in high schools and universities.

Description

[0001] The present invention: Avogadro's law visual teaching demonstration instrument TECHNICAL FIELD

[0002] The present invention relates to the field of basic chemistry teaching experiment equipment, especially suitable for intuitive demonstration of gas law in high school / college chemistry courses. It also relates to experimental equipment for related courses of university thermodynamics, such as experimental equipment for forming wet saturated air from dry air and water. BACKGROUND

[0003] There are three major weaknesses in the prior art:

[0004] 1. Abstract and difficult to understand: gas molecule movement relies on theoretical explanation, lacking visual aids

[0005] 2. Experimental risk: traditional high-pressure gas experiments have the risk of explosion (such as hydrogen gas demonstration)

[0006] 3. High cost: the price of precise gas metering equipment exceeds the budget of teaching institutions. According to the patent library of CNKI and the teaching instrument directory of the Ministry of Education, no special device is found to demonstrate Avogadro's law using the phase change principle of wet air formation. SUMMARY

[0007] 2.1.1 Invention purpose:

[0008] 1. Realize intuitive display under zero risk condition: (V, T constant), the number of molecules increases, and the pressure increases.

[0009] 2. Simultaneous demonstration of partial pressure law and saturated vapor pressure concept.

[0010] 3. Cost control in <5000 yuan / unit

[0011] 2.1.2 Essence of technical scheme

[0012] One, in a rigid container, state A: air temperature 100 degrees Celsius, pressure 1 atmosphere. Inject 100 degrees Celsius water, the water quantity is 0.622 times the air mass in the container. Form wet saturated air, state B, the pressure of state B is 2 atmospheres. This is a doubling of the number of gas molecules in the container, and the pressure is also doubled. This is the experimental result of the inventor, which is presented to students and teachers using the demonstration instrument of the present invention.

[0013] Two, in a closed rigid container, there is water and air. The air temperature and pressure is normal pressure (1 atmosphere, 30 degrees Celsius), and the water mass is 0.8 times the air mass. Heat it to 100 degrees Celsius. Also shows about 2 atmospheres. This is also a real result, which is presented to scholars using the demonstration instrument of the present invention.

[0014] Third, according to the inventor's experiments, the invention is based on the theory of Avogadro's law, Dalton's law of partial pressure, and new scientific knowledge. For example, the DeepSeek calculation shows the strange formula ∫dQ / T>ΔS. It is for the academic community to think about. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0015] 3.1 The figures show several examples.

[0016] Figure Figure 1 , Figure Figure 2 are schematic diagrams of device structures.

[0017] 3.1.1 Correspondence table between figure serial numbers and names.

[0018] 1 Gas tank body

[0019] 2 Multifunctional port (gas release / water injection)

[0020] 3 Pressure gauge (range 1-3 atm) The gauge pressure is 0-0.2 MPa

[0021] 4 Temperature sensor (thermometer)

[0022] 5 Inlet valve

[0023] 6 Constant temperature oil bath layer (cross-sectional view). (The oil temperature is approximately constant, between 100-120 degrees Celsius. No more than 150 degrees Celsius.)

[0024] 7 Electric heater

[0025] 8 Plug

[0026] 3.1.2 Example 1, Figure Figure 1 .

[0027] DETAILED DESCRIPTION (Operation steps of the device)

[0028] 1. Pretreatment:

[0029] - Place the gas tank in an oil bath above 102°C, and pass compressed air through the air inlet (5). Pre-open the port (2) to release gas for 3 minutes to form a dry air environment. When the 4 temperature gauge shows 100°C.

[0030] - Close the air inlet (5) and close the port (2).

[0031] 2. Water injection stage:

[0032] - Inject a predetermined amount of pure water through the vertically upward port (2) (water volume = air mass in the tank × 0.622)

[0033] - Close the port seal within 5 seconds.

[0034] Action, action, speed up, add water, close the valve, three seconds to complete. The shorter the time, the more accurate the experiment. 1 atm to 2 atm. Because of the water, the action of closing the valve is slow, so 1 atm to 1.5 atm, 1.8 atm. Even if it does not reach 2 atm, the experimental results and purposes have been achieved.

[0035] 3. Observation stage:

[0036] - Confirm that the temperature is stable at 100°C by the thermometer (4)

[0037] - Record the pressure gauge (3) from 1 atm to 2 atm (about 3-5 minutes).

[0038] Shake the gas cylinder bottle 1, and quickly form wet saturated air.

[0039] Example parameters can be selected:

[0040] - Gas tank volume: 2L

[0041] - Dry air mass: 2.3g (100°C, 1atm)

[0042] - Water injection: 1.43g

[0043] - Pressure change: 1.01 atm → 2.02 atm (measured value) (affected by the action level of the experimenter, the maximum pressure change is 1.9 atm).

[0044] The 2 multi-functional port (gas release, water injection) of this example can also increase the air inlet function. Use a ball valve, insert the air pipe into the ball valve hole, and flush the gas into the tank. The gas is discharged from the air pipe and the periphery of the ball valve hole. The advantage of this design is safety, and the safety valve is saved. Because the air pipe is flushing, it is always leaking, and it will not exceed 1 atm. That, the air inlet valve 5 can be omitted. 3.1.2.1

[0046] This example can be improved in many ways, as follows:

[0047] 1, oil bath heating, can be replaced by salt solution heating, which can be kept at 108 degrees Celsius. Also can be replaced by sucrose, fructose solution heating, which temperature is 140 degrees Celsius, can speed up the air (water) in the tank to 100 degrees Celsius.

[0048] Also can be used directly with water. Water open type can be burned to 100 degrees. The gas in the tank can only be 90 degrees. Then, for example, 1 atm will rise to 1.7 atm. Because, the saturated vapor pressure of 90 degrees Celsius water is 0.7 atm.

[0049] Therefore, by changing the heating method from oil bath to boiling water, the gas temperature inside the main body of the gas tank is heated to only 90 degrees Celsius, and the pressure is increased from 1 atmosphere to 1.7 atmospheres, which makes it easier to understand the concept of partial pressure.

[0050] 2. The pressure of saturated water vapor at a temperature of 105 degrees Celsius is 0.12 MPa. Therefore, the temperature inside the main body of the gas cylinder reaches 105 degrees Celsius, which is also the data usable in this experimental setup. At this time, there is also sufficient water (the water-to-air mass ratio exceeds 0.622 / 1), and the gauge pressure is observed to be 0.22 MPa. The experimenter can then observe the law of partial pressure: the partial pressure of air is 1 atm, the partial pressure of water vapor is 1.2 atm, and the apparent total pressure is 2.2 atm (note that this is absolute pressure; the gauge pressure should be increased by 1).

[0051] 3. The main body of the gas cylinder can be heated using a blowtorch. This involves directly heating it with an open flame. The heating intensity can be determined by the temperature gauge reading; 100 degrees Celsius is sufficient.

[0052] 4. Dry air enters the main body of the (1) gas tank, which is called air exchange. There are many other methods that can be used:

[0053] a. Oil flushing and venting method. (1) The main body of the gas tank is equipped with two plugs at the top and bottom. It is erected and the plugs at both ends are removed. The tank is placed in the oil pool and all the oil enters the tank and the air is automatically discharged. Then the main body of the gas tank is taken out and fresh dry air automatically enters. Then it is heated.

[0054] b. Heating and convection ventilation method. Remove the top and bottom caps from the upright gas tank body, and heat it to 150 degrees Celsius with a torch. Automatic convection ventilation is then activated. After cooling to 100 degrees Celsius, the caps are replaced.

[0055] C. Heat the air to 120 degrees Celsius with a blowtorch, and then allow fresh air (dry air) to enter through automatic convection.

[0056] d. High-temperature oil dehumidification and ventilation method. (1) Stand the gas tank upright and fold down the two caps. Enter the high-temperature oil tank. (1) After the gas tank is completely filled with oil, take it out and drip the oil. Fresh air will be inside the tank. Tighten the caps and check the temperature. If it is 100 degrees and the pressure is 1 atmosphere, water can be added. When the temperature rises to 100 degrees, check the pressure gauge to see if it shows 2 atmospheres.

[0057] 5. There are also multiple ways to inject water.

[0058] a. Using a syringe to inject water. (1) The main body of the gas cylinder is equipped with an injection needle. When injecting water, the syringe injects water into it, and at the same time seals the injection needle hole.

[0059] b, pre-water inversion method. This method: (1) gas tank body, when entering the water injection program, a steel cup with water with threads. Inverted spin into (1) gas tank body. Again, (1) gas tank body is inverted. The water is distributed in the tank.

[0060] 6, the method of warming. There are oil liquid warming, can be replaced by salt solution or sugar solution or directly with water warming. Can also be directly with flame warming. Can also be in the tank bag stirring wet (electric heater 7)

[0061] 4.1 Example two, attached Figure 2 .

[0062] Example two is a simplified version of example one. Overall narrative: steel tank, filled with air and water. The mass ratio of air to water is 1:0.622. This is the theoretical ratio. The true ratio of the example, more water, that is, about 1:1. In such proportions, air and water into the iron tank, temperature control at about 25 degrees Celsius, and then use the 〔8 plug〕 plug. Look at the pressure gauge pressure is 0 MPa (absolute pressure is 0.1 MPa) 。 〔7 electric heater〕 installed inside the iron tank, after power, the temperature inside the iron tank to 100 degrees Celsius, see the pressure gauge shows 0.1 MPa (absolute pressure is 0.2 MPa). Before power, the tank is 1 atmosphere, after power, the temperature rises to 1 hundred, short, shake Iron tank, re-power to maintain 1 hundred. The pressure is 2 atm. This is called "1 to 2", which shows that the water is heated to 100 degrees, can produce 2 atm. And usually home pressure cooker, to burn water, to 2 atm, the safety valve is opened, is 120 degrees Celsius.

[0063] Example two, bring to the classroom to show the experiment is very convenient, fast experiment. Can also achieve the positive effects of the invention.5.1

[0064] Again, the relevant invention content of the invention is allowed. BACKGROUND

[0066] The current chemistry teaching lacks a special instrument to directly show the relationship between gas pressure and the number of molecules under isothermal and isochoric conditions, making it difficult for students to understand the concepts of partial pressure and partial volume. Existing devices cannot accurately control variables to demonstrate the relationship between the number of molecules and pressure in a closed environment.

[0067] INVENTION CONTENT

[0068] OBJECTIVE

[0069] The application provides a device for visually demonstrating Avogadro's law, and verifies the proportional relationship between the number of molecules and pressure through pressure multiplication phenomenon when temperature and volume are constant. Alternatively, under isothermal and isochoric conditions, the number of gas molecules is doubled, and the pressure is also doubled.

[0070] Technical scheme:

[0071] - The rigid gas tank (1) is placed in a constant temperature oil bath to maintain 100 DEG C

[0072] - Compressed air is introduced through the air inlet (5), and the original gas is discharged through the multifunctional port (2) to form a dry air environment (humidity ≤80 g / kg air).

[0073] Water with a mass of 0.62-0.63 times the mass of dry air in the tank (corresponding to the number of molecules 1:1) is injected through the port (2) (more water can be injected, and the water will be redundant and does not affect the experimental effect).

[0074] - After rapid sealing, the liquid water vaporizes to form wet saturated air, and the pressure rises to about 2 atm. The tank can be shaken to make the water evaporate faster and be in contact with the air.

[0075] The demonstration of the experiment also brings more beneficial effects:

[0076] 1. Directly display the physical phenomenon that the number of molecules is doubled to cause the pressure to be doubled

[0077] 2. Integrated design to realize dry air preparation, quantitative water injection and rapid sealing function

[0078] 3. Temperature-pressure double parameter real-time monitoring, see the temperature drop of isochoric adiabatic humidification, the pressure is basically unchanged, and the temperature returns to the original 100 degrees after absorbing heat, and the pressure is doubled to 2 atm.

[0079] 4. Expand the explanation of Dalton's partial pressure concept: the original dry air is 100 degrees and 1 atm. The pressure of saturated water vapor at 100 degrees is also 1 atm. Therefore, the experiment shows 2 atm. Understand the partial pressure addition theorem.

[0080] 5. 100 degrees Celsius, according to common sense, water vapor can only produce 1 atm, and the experimental device produces 2 atm at 100 degrees Celsius.

[0081] 6. Wet saturated air, there is water, according to the kinetic theory of molecules, water vapor molecules enter liquid water, and water molecules in liquid water enter wet saturated air. The movement of water molecules is bidirectional and "chaotic".

[0082] And the device, dry air and water to form wet saturated air, moisture is one-way into the air. Water molecules, this one-way, is a special "ordered motion" for students to open up ideas.

[0083] 7, 100 degrees Celsius dry air, and 100 degrees Celsius water, to form wet saturated air adiabatic humidification process temperature can be reduced to 60 degrees Celsius below, to the pool of heat to 100 degrees Celsius. This system is from 60 degrees Celsius below to 100 degrees Celsius heat absorption. Can be calculated ∫dQ / T value. Can also be calculated from 1 atmosphere to 2 atmosphere heat entropy S2-S1. By DeepSeek depth to calculate the emergence of ∫dQ / T > S2-S1, the phenomenon, and for university teachers and students to study.

[0084] 8. The amount of experimental completion, tank pressure 2 atmosphere, water vapor and air partial pressure are 1 atmosphere. Open the exhaust valve, gas spewing, apparently, has the ability to function. And textbooks calculate this ability to function, according to the partial pressure calculation, the ability to function is zero, corrected the textbook conclusion.

[0085] 9, after the simplified embodiment two. Water has been added in the tank, no need to add water at 100 degrees Celsius, this experiment also achieve part of the positive effect. 6.1

[0087] This specification, published invention owned technical features are also described in the specification:

[0088] 1. A demonstration of Avogadro's law, characterized in that it comprises:

[0089] - rigid sealed gas tank (1);

[0090] - installed in the gas tank pressure gauge (3) and thermometer (4);

[0091] 2, according to the above 1 said demonstration, characterized in that

[0092] - provided with the gas tank inlet (5);

[0093] Provided with the gas tank top multifunctional port (2), with the function of gas and water injection;

[0094] 3. According to the above 1 said demonstration, characterized in that: heating device, oil soluble heating, or open fire heating.

[0095] 4 according to 3 said demonstration, characterized in that, water is injected by injection method, or threaded steel cup upside down method. Injection method, and threaded steel cup, this specification has been introduced.

[0096] 5. A demonstration of Avogadro's law, characterized in that a rigid, sealed gas tank (1) contains air and water, the mass ratio of air to water being between

[0097] 1:0.622 - 1:5.

[0098] 6. The demonstration of claim 5, characterized in that it is provided with a pressure gauge, a thermometer, an electric heater, a plug.

Claims

1. An Avogadro's law demonstrator, characterized in that Comprise: - rigid sealed air tank (1); - pressure gauge (3) and thermometer (4) installed on the air tank.

2. The demonstrator according to claim 1, characterized in that - there is an air inlet (5) on the air tank; There is a multifunctional port (2) on the top of the air tank, which has the functions of air release and water injection.

3. The presenter of claim 1, wherein: The heating device is oil bath heating or open fire heating.

4. The presenter of claim 3, wherein, Water is added by injection method or threaded steel cup inversion method.

5. An Avogadro's law demonstrator characterized by The rigid sealed air tank 1 contains air and water, and the mass ratio of air to water is between 1:0.622-1:

5.

6. The presenter of claim 5, wherein There are pressure gauges, thermometers, electric heaters and plugs.

Images