Deep-sea hydrothermal multi-nozzle power generation device and linkage system

Abstract

The invention discloses a deep-sea hydrothermal multi-nozzle power generation device and a linkage system. The deep-sea hydrothermal multi-nozzle power generation device comprises a plurality of hydrothermal nozzles, and a thermoelectric flow guide cover, a voltage conversion module, a data acquisition terminal and a central controller are arranged above each hydrothermal nozzle; each thermoelectric flow guide cover is suspended above the hydrothermal liquid nozzle through a floating body, and thermoelectric power generation is carried out by utilizing the thermoelectric module; the sensor assembly collects heat flow intensity, temperature and flow velocity parameters of hydrothermal liquid in real time, the central controller fuses and analyzes the states of all the nozzles, judges power generation adaptability and sends a vertical adjustment instruction to the buoyancy adjusting unit, dynamic linkage adjustment of all the power generation units is achieved, the operation state of the power generation device among the multiple nozzles is coordinated, and power generation efficiency is improved. The thermoelectric modules are continuously kept in the optimal temperature difference interval, the overall power generation efficiency and stability of the system are remarkably improved, and the system has wide deep sea energy utilization and application prospects.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of hydrothermal power generation technology, specifically to a deep-sea hydrothermal multi-nozzle power generation device and its linkage system. Background Technology

[0002] Deep-sea hydrothermal vents contain enormous energy reserves, and energy utilization methods include generating electricity using thermal energy differences. Current technologies mostly focus on the development and utilization of individual hydrothermal vents, such as arranging thermoelectric modules on a single vent to achieve thermal energy generation.

[0003] However, hydrothermal vents in nature are usually clustered, with significant differences in parameters such as flow rate, velocity, and temperature between vents, and the eruption state is uncertain, exhibiting characteristics such as intermittent eruptions and variations in eruption intensity. For these reasons, traditional hydrothermal power generation devices targeting single vents suffer from the following problems:

[0004] Unable to effectively integrate the energy resources of multiple nozzles;

[0005] The power generation efficiency is easily affected by changes in the state of a particular nozzle, resulting in fluctuations.

[0006] They are ill-suited to the complex and ever-changing hydrothermal environment at the bottom of the sea.

[0007] In view of this, the present invention proposes a deep-sea hydrothermal multi-nozzle power generation device and its linkage system. Summary of the Invention

[0008] The purpose of this invention is to provide a deep-sea hydrothermal multi-nozzle power generation device and linkage system, which solves the problems of unstable power generation efficiency and difficulty in unified control in a multi-nozzle deep-sea hydrothermal environment.

[0009] This invention provides a deep-sea hydrothermal multi-nozzle power generation device, comprising:

[0010] Multiple thermoelectric guide shrouds include a shroud with a guide cavity at the bottom and multiple thermoelectric modules arranged on the shroud. The guide cavity is located above the hydrothermal nozzle and guides the hydrothermal fluid into the interior of the guide cavity. Each thermoelectric guide shroud includes a guide cavity facing the hydrothermal nozzle and is used to receive the temperature difference during the rise of the hydrothermal fluid to generate thermoelectric energy.

[0011] Multiple voltage conversion modules are respectively installed in the upper region of the thermoelectric flow guide shroud and connected to the multiple thermoelectric modules to convert thermoelectric signals into stable voltage output;

[0012] Multiple floats are fixedly connected to the top area of ​​the corresponding thermoelectric flow guide. Each float has a buoyancy adjustment unit for adjusting the vertical distance of the thermoelectric flow guide relative to the hydrothermal nozzle by changing its own buoyancy.

[0013] A set of data acquisition terminals is installed on the outer wall of the thermoelectric flow guide shroud to collect monitoring data of the corresponding hydrothermal nozzle; the monitoring data includes thermal radiation parameters, temperature values ​​and flow rate data;

[0014] A central controller is communicatively connected to the multiple voltage conversion modules, multiple buoyancy adjustment units, and the data acquisition terminal. Based on the monitoring data collected by the data acquisition terminal, the controller controls the buoyancy adjustment units on the float to synchronously adjust the distance between each thermoelectric flow guide shroud and the corresponding hydrothermal nozzle, so as to maintain the temperature difference between the hot and cold ends of each thermoelectric module in an optimal state that can maintain thermoelectric output.

[0015] As a preferred technical solution of the first aspect of the present invention, the thermoelectric module adopts a double-sided heat exchange structure, with one side contacting the inner wall of the flow guide cavity to absorb heat from the hot end of the hydrothermal liquid, and the other side exchanging heat with seawater through the cold end heat sink to achieve cooling.

[0016] As a preferred embodiment of the first aspect of the present invention, the data acquisition terminal is disposed outside or on top of the cover and is used to collect monitoring data of the hydrothermal vent.

[0017] As a preferred embodiment of the first aspect of the present invention, the data acquisition terminal includes multiple thermal infrared probes and multiple temperature / flow rate sensors. The thermal infrared probes and temperature / flow rate sensors are respectively disposed on the outside of the side wall of the thermoelectric flow guide shroud. The thermal infrared probes collect thermal radiation parameters; the temperature / flow rate sensors collect temperature values ​​and flow rate data.

[0018] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a linkage system for deep-sea hydrothermal multi-nozzle power generation, applied to the first aspect, comprising:

[0019] The central controller is communicatively connected to the voltage conversion modules within the multiple data acquisition terminals, multiple buoyancy adjustment units, and multiple thermoelectric flow guides. The central controller is used for:

[0020] The system receives real-time monitoring data of various marine physicochemical indicators collected by multiple data acquisition terminals, including thermal radiation parameters, temperature values, and flow velocity data.

[0021] The received monitoring data is fused and calculated and its status is identified to obtain the current thermal energy characteristics of each hydrothermal vent, including eruption intensity, stability and temperature difference potential.

[0022] Based on the thermal energy characteristic state of the corresponding hydrothermal vent, determine the adaptive power generation state of each hydrothermal vent and determine whether the corresponding thermoelectric modules need to be adjusted to maintain the optimal temperature difference conditions.

[0023] A vertical adjustment command is sent to the buoyancy adjustment unit inside the corresponding float to control the increase or decrease of the distance between the thermoelectric guide shroud and the hydrothermal nozzle; the working distance between the thermoelectric guide shroud and the hydrothermal nozzle is continuously and dynamically adjusted so that the thermoelectric module is in the power generation area with a large temperature difference between the hot and cold ends for a long time.

[0024] As a preferred embodiment of the second aspect of the present invention, the central controller includes a parameter threshold identification module and a buoyancy control decision module. The parameter threshold identification module judges the thermal energy characteristic state based on the combination of temperature difference, heat flow and flow velocity. The buoyancy control decision module generates a corresponding buoyancy adjustment strategy according to the thermal energy characteristic state.

[0025] As a preferred technical solution of the second aspect of the present invention, the central controller establishes a linkage optimization model based on multi-nozzle data, which is used to dynamically adjust the vertical spacing of all thermoelectric guide shrouds so that the thermoelectric modules are simultaneously kept within their respective optimal operating temperature difference ranges.

[0026] As a preferred technical solution of the second aspect of the present invention, the central controller is also provided with a protection mechanism. When the monitoring data corresponding to any hydrothermal vent area exceeds the threshold of abnormality or violent fluctuation, the corresponding thermoelectric guide shroud is automatically controlled to float up to a safe distance and the power output of that path is suspended.

[0027] The technical effects and advantages provided by the present invention in the above technical solution are as follows:

[0028] This invention effectively extends the hydrothermal residence time and expands the thermal influence range by setting a thermoelectric guide shroud above the hydrothermal vent and integrating a large number of thermoelectric generators. This significantly improves the hydrothermal utilization rate and thermoelectric conversion efficiency. The generated electricity can be directly supplied to the in-situ observation device, reducing transmission loss and achieving long-term stable self-powered power supply. At the same time, the device has strong structural adaptability, good environmental adaptability and promotional value, and effectively solves the problems of difficult power supply and short endurance in existing deep-sea observation. Attached Figure Description

[0029] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments recorded in this invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings.

[0030] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the multi-nozzle thermoelectric heating device of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 2 This is a top view of the thermoelectric flow guide shroud of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 3 This is a framework diagram of the linkage system of the present invention;

[0033] In the diagram: 1. Hydrothermal vent; 2. Thermoelectric shroud; 2.1. Shroud body; 2.2. Thermoelectric generator; 3. Voltage conversion module; 4. Float; 5. Central controller; 6. Data acquisition terminal; 6.1. Thermal infrared probe; 6.2. Temperature / flow rate sensor; 7. Cable. Detailed Implementation

[0034] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0035] Throughout the accompanying drawings, the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions. The described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this application, not all of them. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and intended to explain this application, and should not be construed as limiting this application. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments in this application without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of this application. The embodiments of this application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0036] Example 1

[0037] Please see Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment provides a deep-sea hydrothermal multi-nozzle power generation device, including: a hydrothermal vent 1, a thermoelectric flow guide shroud 2, a voltage conversion module 3, a float 4, a central controller 5, and a data acquisition terminal 6; wherein,

[0038] Multiple hydrothermal vents 1 are distributed in a deep-sea area. Each hydrothermal vent 1 continuously ejects high-temperature, low-density hydrothermal fluid upwards into the seawater as a primary heat source. The hydrothermal fluid has a certain flow velocity and a lower density than seawater, thus it ejects upwards. After reaching a certain height, it diffuses into the surrounding seawater, forming a plume. The actual conditions of the multiple hydrothermal vents 1 are different, with varying flow velocities and temperatures, releasing hydrothermal fluids with temperature gradients. The hydrothermal vents 1 in natural environments have varying heights, diverse shapes, and different hydrothermal physicochemical parameters, thus this invention has wide applicability. Each hydrothermal vent 1 is equipped with a thermoelectric flow guide shroud 2, a voltage conversion module 3, and a float 4.

[0039] Multiple thermoelectric flow guide shrouds, wherein the thermoelectric flow guide shroud 2 includes a shroud body 2.1 with a flow guide cavity at the bottom and multiple thermoelectric modules 2.2 arranged on the shroud body 2.1, such as... Figure 2As shown, the flow guiding cavity is disposed above the hydrothermal nozzle 1 and guides the hydrothermal fluid into the interior; each thermoelectric flow guiding shroud 2 includes a flow guiding cavity 2.1 facing the hydrothermal nozzle 1 and for receiving the temperature difference during the rise of the hydrothermal fluid to generate thermoelectric energy.

[0040] It should be noted that the thermoelectric conduit 2 retains the hot liquid within the shroud 2.1, and the hot liquid gradually expands outward along the inner surface of the shroud 2.1, thus expanding the range of the heat-affected zone. A large number of thermoelectric modules 2.2 can be arranged to convert the temperature difference of the hot liquid retained within the shroud 2.1 into electrical energy. After the electrical energy from each thermoelectric module 2.2 is collected, a voltage conversion module 3 is used to form an energy supply terminal usable by external equipment.

[0041] Specifically, the hot side of thermoelectric module 2.2 faces the hydrothermal vent, while the cold side faces the low-temperature deep-sea water, typically at 2 degrees Celsius. The hot side receives heat from the retained hydrothermal fluid, while the cold side exchanges heat with the low-temperature deep-sea water outside the enclosure 2.1, forming a stable temperature difference field. The thermoelectric module 2.2 converts this thermal energy difference into electrical energy output based on the Seebeck effect. The temperature difference between the hot and cold sides is effectively converted into electrical energy. The greater the temperature difference, the higher the thermoelectric conversion efficiency. The thermoelectric module 2.2 is a commercially available standard device, and its model and structure are not limited; its power generation efficiency is limited by the temperature difference between the hot and cold sides.

[0042] More specifically, the surface of the cover 2.1 is provided with multiple mounting holes or grooves for accommodating the embedded installation of the thermoelectric module 2.2. One side of the thermoelectric module 2.2, the hot side, faces the heat source such as a hydrothermal fluid or an external heat flow guide plate, while the other side, the cold side, is exposed to the cooling fluid or a heat sink. The cover 2.1 is made of insulating material, effectively preventing heat from being conducted to the cold side through the cover 2.1 itself, thereby maintaining a large temperature difference ΔT and improving the thermoelectric conversion efficiency of the thermoelectric module 2.2.

[0043] Multiple voltage conversion modules 3 are respectively installed in the upper region of the thermoelectric flow guide shroud 2 and connected to the multiple thermoelectric modules 2.2, for converting thermoelectric signals into stable voltage output;

[0044] The DC power output by the thermoelectric module 2.2 is stabilized by the voltage conversion module 3. Since the power of a single thermoelectric module 2.2 is small, the voltage conversion module 3 needs to concentrate all the energy before converting it into electrical energy.

[0045] The electrical energy converted by the voltage conversion module 3 is output through the cable 7, which can be connected to the central controller 5 and the data acquisition terminal 6 to power the terminal equipment. Different combinations of equipment can form different embodiments, all of which are within the protection scope of this invention.

[0046] In a further embodiment, the voltage conversion module 3 also includes a buffer energy storage unit, such as a supercapacitor or a low-power battery, for energy regulation in response to heat flow fluctuations. The voltage conversion module-cable-data acquisition terminal, which is added to achieve the goal of "long-term in-situ observation" in the background, generates electrical energy in the current special environment, but does not transmit it to a more distant location; it is used locally by the observation data acquisition terminal.

[0047] Multiple floats 4 are fixedly connected to the top area of ​​the corresponding thermoelectric flow guide shroud 2. Each float 4 has a buoyancy adjustment unit for adjusting the vertical distance of the thermoelectric flow guide shroud 2 relative to the hydrothermal nozzle 1 by changing its own buoyancy.

[0048] A set of data acquisition terminals 6 are installed on the outer wall of the thermoelectric flow guide shroud 2 to collect monitoring data of the corresponding hydrothermal nozzle 1; the monitoring data includes thermal radiation parameters, temperature values ​​and flow rate data;

[0049] Specifically, the data acquisition terminal 6 includes multiple thermal infrared probes 6.1 and multiple temperature / flow rate sensors 6.2. The thermal infrared probes 6.1 and temperature / flow rate sensors 6.2 are respectively disposed on the outside of the side wall of the thermoelectric flow guide shroud 2. The thermal infrared probes 6.1 collect thermal radiation parameters; the temperature / flow rate sensors 6.2 collect temperature values ​​and flow rate data.

[0050] To further explain, the data acquisition terminal 6 is used to collect data on various marine physicochemical indicators in the hydrothermal vent 1 area. Therefore, it is not limited to the specific model and function of the data acquisition terminal 6. In addition to the currently collected monitoring data, it can also be used for in-situ image acquisition in the hydrothermal vent 1 area. The types and quantities of data acquisition terminals 6 will be increased or decreased mainly according to subsequent functional changes.

[0051] In another embodiment, the data acquisition terminal 6 can be replaced by a set of in-situ environmental sensor units, such as dissolved oxygen sensor, conductivity sensor, heavy metal ion probe, etc., to monitor typical chemical environmental indicators in the area corresponding to the hydrothermal vent 1.

[0052] The power of the data acquisition terminal 6 is typically between 5 and 10W. Although the amount of electricity generated by the temperature difference is limited, its output power can stably cover the operating requirements of this type of equipment, making it particularly suitable for scenarios without external energy access.

[0053] The central controller 5 is electrically connected to the sensor assembly, the buoyancy adjustment cavity, and the voltage conversion module. It is used to receive data collected by the sensors and send buoyancy adjustment signals to the float to adjust the vertical distance between the thermoelectric flow guide and the hydrothermal nozzle.

[0054] A central controller 5 is communicatively connected to the multiple voltage conversion modules 3, multiple buoyancy adjustment units, and the data acquisition terminal 6. Based on the monitoring data collected by the data acquisition terminal 6, the buoyancy adjustment units on the float 4 are controlled to synchronously adjust the distance between each thermoelectric flow guide shroud 2 and the corresponding hydrothermal nozzle 1, so as to maintain the temperature difference between the hot end and the cold end of each thermoelectric module 2.2 in an optimal state that can maintain thermoelectric output.

[0055] It should be noted that, based on actual conditions, the central controller 5 adjusts the distance between the power generation device and each hydrothermal vent 1 to prevent temperature differences from decreasing due to overheating / overcooling, thereby achieving optimal overall thermoelectric conversion efficiency. The conditions of each hydrothermal vent 1 are different, with the hydrothermal fluid varying in temperature, flow rate, or velocity. A thermoelectric module 2.2 is arranged above each hydrothermal vent 1 to monitor its status using optical or other methods. By adjusting the distance between the power generation device and the hydrothermal vent 1, the power generation efficiency of each vent is adjusted, achieving optimal overall power generation efficiency.

[0056] It should also be noted that buoyancy adjustment units typically employ a variable volume method, that is, adjusting the unit's drainage volume through various means such as changing the piston stroke or filling the oil bladder with oil. This is a common device in the field. Therefore, the characteristics of buoyancy adjustment units will not be elaborated upon.

[0057] In this embodiment, the deep-sea hydrothermal vent 1 contains enormous energy, and utilizing thermoelectric energy conversion is a typical power generation method. Existing technologies typically focus on how to utilize a single hydrothermal vent, but in nature, multiple hydrothermal vents often cluster together, and the flow rate, velocity, and temperature of the hydrothermal fluid at each vent are not uniform. In particular, some hydrothermal vents do not erupt continuously but intermittently, without a fixed pattern. Therefore, fully utilizing the advantage of the number of vents is one of the technical means to solve the problem of fluctuating power generation efficiency caused by the irregularity of natural hydrothermal vents.

[0058] The hydrothermal power generation system described in this embodiment has thermoelectric efficiency optimization capabilities, achieved by monitoring multi-dimensional data from the hydrothermal vent 1. Specifically, multiple detection data points are configured above the hydrothermal vent 1 according to actual needs. Flow sensors and pressure sensors capture fluid dynamic characteristics to monitor the eruption intensity of the hydrothermal vent 1. Stability assessment is based on continuous time series analysis to identify minute fluctuations and long-term trends in the eruption pattern. Temperature difference potential is measured with high precision through a thermocouple network deployed at the hydrothermal vent 1 and its surrounding environment, ensuring the accuracy and timeliness of temperature difference data. Data collected by the data acquisition terminal 6 is transmitted in real time to the central controller 5, providing input for artificial intelligence algorithms.

[0059] Artificial intelligence algorithms are central to optimizing hydrothermal efficiency, employing advanced adaptive control strategies. First, time-series prediction models from machine learning, such as Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks, are used to predict future trends in eruption intensity and stability, thus anticipating dynamic changes in the hydrothermal state. Then, reinforcement learning algorithms, particularly Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient (DDPG), are combined to dynamically adjust the distances between each hydrothermal module 2.2 and the hydrothermal vent 1 based on the predicted hydrothermal state and current power generation efficiency. This algorithm continuously learns and optimizes the reward function, automatically finding the optimal distance configuration with the goal of maximizing power generation efficiency. Furthermore, fuzzy logic control is incorporated to address the complexity and uncertainty of the hydrothermal state, ensuring the smoothness and robustness of the adjustment process. The system also possesses self-optimization capabilities, continuously absorbing new operational data through an online learning mechanism and automatically adjusting algorithm parameters to adapt to the geological characteristics and operating conditions of different hydrothermal fields, achieving long-term, efficient, and stable operation. This innovative comprehensive regulation mechanism significantly improves the energy efficiency and reliability of hydrothermal power generation, bringing a breakthrough to the renewable energy field.

[0060] Example 2

[0061] Please see Figure 3 As shown, a multi-nozzle power generation system for deep-sea hydrothermal vents includes:

[0062] Multiple data acquisition terminals 6 collect monitoring data in real time, including thermal radiation parameters, temperature values, and flow rate data.

[0063] The central controller 5 is communicatively connected to the multiple data acquisition terminals, multiple buoyancy adjustment units, and multiple thermoelectric flow guide shrouds containing voltage conversion modules 3. The central controller 5 is used for:

[0064] The system receives monitoring data collected in real time from multiple data acquisition terminals 6, including thermal radiation parameters, temperature values, and flow rate data.

[0065] The received monitoring data is fused and calculated and its status is identified to obtain the current thermal energy characteristics of each hydrothermal vent, including eruption intensity, stability and temperature difference potential.

[0066] Based on the thermal energy characteristics, determine the adaptive power generation status of each hydrothermal vent and determine whether its corresponding thermoelectric shroud needs to be adjusted to maintain the optimal temperature difference conditions.

[0067] Send a vertical adjustment command to the buoyancy adjustment unit inside the corresponding float 4 to control the increase or decrease of the distance between the thermoelectric flow guide shroud 2 and the hydrothermal nozzle;

[0068] Based on the real-time changes of the hydrothermal nozzle 1, the working distance between the thermoelectric guide shroud 2 and the hydrothermal nozzle 1 is continuously and dynamically adjusted so that the thermoelectric module 2.2 is in the power generation area with a large temperature difference between the hot and cold ends for a long time.

[0069] The system achieves adaptive linkage adjustment between multiple hydrothermal vents in region 1 and dynamic collaborative optimization of thermoelectric modules 2.2, thereby improving the overall thermoelectric conversion efficiency and energy output stability of the system.

[0070] Specifically, multiple thermoelectric guide shrouds 2 are arranged above multiple hydrothermal vents 1, each thermoelectric guide shroud 2 having multiple thermoelectric modules 2.2 disposed on the inner surface of the guide cavity; multiple thermal infrared probes 6.1 and multiple temperature / flow rate sensors 6.2 are used to collect the heat flow intensity, temperature value and flow rate parameters of each hydrothermal vent 1, forming multi-channel environmental monitoring data, and detecting various marine physicochemical indicators; the monitoring data is input to the central controller 5, the central controller 5 fuses and compares the data corresponding to each hydrothermal vent 1, and determines the hydrothermal vent 1. The current thermal energy characteristic state of nozzle 1, which is the quantitative characteristic state of the eruption state and thermal energy conversion potential of hydrothermal nozzle 1; according to the judgment result, the central controller 5 sends buoyancy adjustment commands to the corresponding floats 4 respectively, and controls the buoyancy adjustment units of each float 4 to move up and down, so that each thermoelectric guide shroud 2 and the hydrothermal nozzle 1 below it form a suitable vertical distance; within the temperature difference range between the hot end and the cold end formed between the thermoelectric guide shroud 2 and the hydrothermal nozzle 1, multiple thermoelectric modules 2.2 generate thermoelectric energy, and output it as stable electrical energy through the connected voltage conversion module 3.

[0071] Furthermore, the central controller 5 includes a parameter threshold identification module and a buoyancy control decision module. The parameter threshold identification module determines the nozzle state type based on a combination of temperature difference, heat flow, and flow velocity. The buoyancy control decision module generates a corresponding buoyancy adjustment strategy based on the state type.

[0072] Furthermore, the central controller 5 establishes a linkage optimization model based on multi-nozzle data to dynamically adjust the vertical spacing of all thermoelectric guide shields, so that the thermoelectric modules 2.2 simultaneously maintain within their respective optimal operating temperature difference ranges.

[0073] Furthermore, the central controller 5 is also equipped with a protection mechanism. When the monitoring data corresponding to any hydrothermal vent 1 area exceeds the threshold of abnormality or violent fluctuation, the corresponding thermoelectric guide shroud is automatically controlled to quickly float to a safe distance and the power output of that path is suspended.

[0074] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of this application, but the scope of protection of this application is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, the scope of protection of this application should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A deep-sea hydrothermal multi-jet power plant, characterized by, The application relates to a hot spring energy collection system, which comprises the following parts: a plurality of hot-electricity guide covers (2) comprising cover bodies (2.1) provided with guide cavities and a plurality of hot-electricity modules (2.2) arranged on the cover bodies (2.1), the guide cavities are arranged above hot liquid outlets (1) and guide hot liquid fluid into the guide cavities; each hot-electricity guide cover (2) comprises hot-electricity modules (2.2) facing the hot liquid outlets (1) and used for receiving temperature difference in the hot liquid rising process to generate hot-electricity energy; a plurality of voltage conversion modules (3) are respectively arranged at upper end regions of the hot-electricity guide covers (2) and connected with the plurality of hot-electricity modules (2.2) and used for converting the hot-electricity energy into stable voltage output; a plurality of floats (4) are fixedly connected to top regions of the corresponding hot-electricity guide covers (2), the floats (4) have buoyancy adjusting units and are used for adjusting vertical distances of the hot-electricity guide covers (2) relative to the hot liquid outlets (1) by changing the buoyancy of the floats (4); a group of data acquisition terminals (6) are arranged outside the hot-electricity guide covers (2) and used for acquiring monitoring data of the corresponding hot liquid outlets (1); the monitoring data comprises hot radiation parameters, temperature values and flow rate data; a central controller (5) is respectively connected in communication with the plurality of voltage conversion modules (3), the plurality of buoyancy adjusting units and the data acquisition terminals (6), the central controller is used for controlling the buoyancy adjusting units on the floats (4) to synchronously adjust distances between the hot-electricity guide covers (2) and the corresponding hot liquid outlets (1) according to the monitoring data acquired by the data acquisition terminals (6) so as to maintain temperature difference between hot ends and cold ends of the hot-electricity modules (2.2) in an optimal state of maintaining hot-electricity output. The hot-electricity modules (2.2) adopt a double-sided heat exchange structure, one side of the hot-electricity modules (2.2) contacts the inner wall of the guide cavity and is used for absorbing hot end heat of the hot liquid, and the other side of the hot-electricity modules (2.2) exchanges with seawater through cold end radiating fins to realize temperature reduction. The data acquisition terminals (6) are arranged outside or on top of the cover bodies (2.1) and are used for acquiring monitoring data of the hot liquid outlets (1). The data acquisition terminals (6) comprise a plurality of hot infrared probes (6.1) and a plurality of temperature / flow rate sensors (6.2), the hot infrared probes (6.1) and the temperature / flow rate sensors (6.2) are respectively arranged outside side walls of the hot-electricity guide covers (2), the hot infrared probes (6.1) acquire hot radiation parameters, and the temperature / flow rate sensors (6.2) acquire temperature values and flow rate data. The application further discloses a hot spring energy collection method, which comprises the following steps: a plurality of data acquisition terminals (6) acquire monitoring data of various marine physical and chemical indexes in real time; a central controller (5) is respectively connected in communication with the plurality of data acquisition terminals, a plurality of buoyancy adjusting units and voltage conversion modules (3) in a plurality of hot-electricity guide covers, the central controller is used for the following steps: receiving monitoring data of various marine physical and chemical indexes acquired by the plurality of data acquisition terminals (6) in real time; performing fusion calculation and state recognition on the received monitoring data to obtain current thermal energy characteristic states of the hot liquid outlets (1), the thermal energy characteristic states comprise eruption intensity, stability and temperature difference potential. The central controller (5) is respectively connected in communication with the plurality of data acquisition terminals, the plurality of buoyancy adjusting units and the voltage conversion modules (3) in the plurality of hot-electricity guide covers, the central controller is used for the following steps: receiving monitoring data of various marine physical and chemical indexes acquired by the plurality of data acquisition terminals (6) in real time; performing fusion calculation and state recognition on the received monitoring data to obtain current thermal energy characteristic states of the hot liquid outlets (1), the thermal energy characteristic states comprise eruption intensity, stability and temperature difference potential.

2. The deep sea hydrothermal multi-jet power plant according to claim 1, characterized in that, ​ 3. The deep sea hydrothermal vent multi-jet power plant of claim 1, wherein: ​ 4. The deep sea hydrothermal multi-jet power plant of claim 5, wherein: ​ 5. A linkage system for deep-sea hydrothermal multi-jet power generation, applied to the deep-sea hydrothermal multi-jet power generation device of any one of claims 1-4; characterized in that: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Adaptive power generation state of each hydrothermal vent (1) is determined based on the corresponding thermal energy characteristic state of the hydrothermal vent (1), and it is determined whether the corresponding thermal electric module (2.2) needs to adjust the working position to maintain the optimal temperature difference condition; Vertical adjustment instructions are sent to the buoyancy adjusting unit inside the corresponding floating body (4) to control the increase or decrease of the distance between the thermoelectric guide cover (4) and the hydrothermal vent, continuously and dynamically control the working distance between the thermoelectric guide cover (2) and the hydrothermal vent (1), and make the thermoelectric module (2) long-term work in the power generation area with a large temperature difference between the cold end and the hot end.

6. The linkage system for deep sea hydrothermal vent multi-jet power generation of claim 5, wherein, The central controller (5) includes a parameter threshold identification module and a buoyancy control decision module. The parameter threshold identification module determines the thermal energy characteristic state based on the combination of temperature difference, heat flow and flow rate. The buoyancy control decision module generates a corresponding floating and sinking adjustment strategy according to the thermal energy characteristic state.

7. The linkage system for deep sea hydrothermal vent multi-jet power generation of claim 6, wherein, The central controller (5) establishes a linkage optimization model based on multi-vent data, which is used to dynamically adjust the vertical distance of all thermoelectric guide covers (2).

8. The linkage system for deep sea hydrothermal vent multi-jet power generation of claim 7, wherein, The central controller (5) is also provided with a protection mechanism. When the monitoring data of any hydrothermal vent (1) area exceeds the threshold of abnormality or severe fluctuation, the corresponding thermoelectric guide cover (2) is automatically controlled to quickly float to a safe distance, and the power output of the path is temporarily suspended.

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