Cyclic prefix for sensing signal transmission in joint communication and sensing systems

Abstract

An apparatus may be a wireless device or UE that may be configured to transmit an SRS using a first CP length configuration, wherein the first CP length configuration is different from a second CP length configuration associated with communication. The apparatus may also be configured to receive a reflected SRS based on transmitting the SRS and / or receive an indication of at least one value associated with a corresponding at least one object in an environment of the wireless device based on the SRS. The apparatus may be a network device configured to receive a reflected SRS using a first CP length configuration. The apparatus may also be configured to transmit to the wireless device an indication of at least one value associated with a corresponding at least one object in an environment of the wireless device based on the reflected SRS.

Description

[0001] Cross-reference to related applications

[0002] This application claims the benefit of Greek patent application serial number 20230100260, filed on March 28, 2023, entitled “CYCLIC PREFIX FOR SENSINGSIGNAL TRANSMISSION IN JOINT COMMUNICATION AND SENSING SYSTEM”, the entire contents of which are expressly incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0003] This disclosure relates generally to communication systems, and more specifically to systems capable of sensing (e.g., radio-assisted detection and ranging (RADAR)) and communicating via the same set of frequency resources. Background Technology

[0004] Wireless communication systems are widely deployed to provide a variety of telecommunications services, such as telephone, video, data, messaging, and broadcasting. Typical wireless communication systems employ multiple access technologies that enable communication with multiple users by sharing available system resources. Examples of such multiple access technologies include Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) systems, Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) systems, Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) systems, Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) systems, Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) systems, and Time Division Synchronous Code Division Multiple Access (TD-SCDMA) systems.

[0005] These multiple access technologies have been adopted in various telecommunications standards to provide a common protocol that enables different wireless devices to communicate at the city, country, region, and even global levels. An example telecommunications standard is 5G New Radio (NR). 5G NR is a 3GPP (3rd Generation Partnership Project) standard. ™ As part of the ongoing evolution of mobile broadband, 5G NR aims to meet new requirements associated with latency, reliability, security, scalability (e.g., with the Internet of Things (IoT)), and other demands. 5G NR includes services associated with enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), massive machine-type communications (mMTC), and ultra-reliable low-latency communications (URLLC). Some aspects of 5G NR may be based on the 4G Long Term Evolution (LTE) standard. Further improvements to 5G NR technology are needed. Furthermore, these improvements can also be applied to other multiple access technologies and telecommunications standards that employ these technologies. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The following is a simplified overview of one or more aspects to provide a basic understanding of these aspects. This invention is not a comprehensive overview of all conceived aspects. It neither identifies key or essential elements of all aspects nor describes the scope of any or all aspects. Its sole purpose is to present some concepts of one or more aspects in a simplified form as a prelude to the more detailed descriptions that follow.

[0007] In one aspect of this disclosure, a method, computer-readable medium, and apparatus are provided. The apparatus may be a wireless device or user equipment (UE) that can be associated with joint sensing and communication operations and / or a vehicle. The apparatus may be configured to transmit a sensing reference signal (SRS) using a first cyclic prefix (CP) length configuration, wherein the first CP length configuration differs from a second CP length configuration associated with communication. The apparatus may also be configured to receive reflected SRS based on the transmission of the SRS.

[0008] In one aspect of this disclosure, a method, computer-readable medium, and apparatus are provided. The apparatus may be a network device configured to receive reflected SRS using a first CP length configuration, wherein the first CP length configuration differs from a second CP length configuration associated with the communication. The apparatus may also be configured to send, based on the reflected SRS, an indication to a wireless device of at least one value associated with at least one corresponding object in the environment of the wireless device.

[0009] In one aspect of this disclosure, a method, computer-readable medium, and apparatus are provided. The apparatus may be a wireless device or UE that can be associated with joint sensing and communication operations and / or a vehicle. The apparatus may be configured to transmit SRS using a first CP length configuration, wherein the first CP length configuration differs from a second CP length configuration associated with communication. The apparatus may also be configured to receive, based on the SRS, an indication of at least one value associated with at least one corresponding object in the environment of the wireless device.

[0010] To achieve the foregoing and related objectives, one or more aspects may include the features fully described below and specifically pointed out in the claims. The following description and drawings set forth some exemplary features of one or more aspects in detail. However, these features indicate only a few of the various ways in which the principles of the various aspects may be employed. Attached Figure Description

[0011] FIG. 1 This is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless communication system and an access network.

[0012] FIG. 2A This is an illustration of an example of the first frame according to various aspects of this disclosure.

[0013] FIG. 2B This is a diagram illustrating examples of downlink (DL) channels within a subframe according to various aspects of this disclosure.

[0014] FIG. 2C This is an illustration of an example of a second frame according to various aspects of this disclosure.

[0015] FIG. 2D This is a diagram illustrating examples of uplink (UL) channels within a subframe according to various aspects of this disclosure.

[0016] FIG. 3 This is a diagram illustrating an example of a base station and a UE in an access network.

[0017] FIG. 4 This is an illustration of an example of an FMCW signal generated from a radar device according to various aspects of the present disclosure, which can be used to measure at least one value associated with at least one corresponding object in the environment associated with the radar device.

[0018] FIG. 5 This is a diagram illustrating a wireless device performing sensing operations associated with a set of wireless devices and target objects in the environment of the wireless device, according to some aspects of this disclosure.

[0019] FIG. 6 The diagram includes a first illustration illustrating a set of four slots associated with a 120 kHz subcarrier spacing (SCS) (without introducing additional CP to ensure alignment every 0.5 ms) and a second illustration illustrating a set of four slots associated with a 120 kHz SCS (with additional CP introduced to ensure alignment every 0.5 ms).

[0020] FIG. 7 Includes illustrations showing non-uniform SRS spacing resulting from the addition of additional CP.

[0021] FIG. 8 This includes diagrams illustrating CP configurations associated with equal-length CPs for each symbol in a modified time-slot structure, which is associated with at least an SRS coherent processing interval (CPI), according to some aspects of this disclosure.

[0022] FIG. 9 The diagram includes a first illustration illustrating a CP configuration according to some aspects of the present disclosure and a second illustration illustrating a first frequency resource set associated with sensing signal transmission and a second frequency resource set associated with communication transmission according to some aspects of the present disclosure. The CP configuration is associated with a normal CP for each symbol in a modified subframe and / or frame structure associated with at least SRS CPI.

[0023] FIG. 10This is a diagram illustrating a CP configuration associated with an additional CP sample in the first time slot of each half-time slot in accordance with some aspects of this disclosure, the modified time slot structure being associated with at least SRSCPI.

[0024] FIG. 11 This is a call flowchart illustrating a vehicle UE performing sensing and communication operations according to some aspects of this disclosure.

[0025] FIG. 12 This is a flowchart of a wireless communication method associated with sensing operations.

[0026] FIG. 13 This is a flowchart of a wireless communication method associated with sensing operations.

[0027] FIG. 14 This is a flowchart of a wireless communication method associated with sensing operations.

[0028] FIG. 15 This is a flowchart of a wireless communication method associated with sensing operations.

[0029] FIG. 16 This is a flowchart of a wireless communication method associated with sensing operations.

[0030] FIG. 17 These are illustrations illustrating specific hardware implementations used for example devices and / or network entities.

[0031] FIG. 18 This is a diagram illustrating an example of a hardware implementation used for an example network entity.

[0032] FIG. 19 This is a diagram illustrating an example of a hardware implementation used for an example network entity. Detailed Implementation

[0033] Various aspects of this disclosure relate generally to a jointly designed sensing and communication system (e.g., included in automotive applications) with the potential to reduce hardware costs. In the jointly designed sensing and communication system, a communication system (e.g., a UE, in some examples, located in or associated with a vehicle) can transmit signals for sensing, for example, to detect the surrounding environment (e.g., objects such as those around the vehicle) based on the reflection of the transmitted signals. For example, in a single-site operation mode, the reflection can be received by the communication system (e.g., the UE), while in a dual-site operation mode, the reflection can be received by another device (e.g., the UE or a base station), and information based on the reflection can be provided to the communication system. In some aspects, the communication system can transmit sensing signals using mmWave frequency bands additionally designated for wireless communication but potentially underutilized. In some aspects, the UE can transmit sensing signals on uplink resources of the wireless communication network (e.g., multiple transmissions for sensing operations). For example, the sensing signal can use the same waveform as that used in the communication system (e.g., CP-OFDM). In some aspects, the SRS can be specified based on minimum accuracy or resolution. In some respects, the resources used for SRS transmission can be configured or allocated by network entities (e.g., base stations or network nodes).

[0034] In some respects, rate (or speed) estimation can be important for a variety of applications, including automotive applications, and specific accuracy and / or resolution can be correlated with the duration of the SRS. For example, duration Or longer SRS transmissions (which may be referred to as CPI in the context of RADAR) may be the desired implementation The minimum time interval for rate (or velocity) resolution. During an SRS transmission (e.g., CPI), multiple SRS instances can be transmitted at a given interval based on the rate range to be identified and / or estimated using SRS instance identification. SRS can span... A time slot (or ms), and the SRS instance can be accessed via A subset of symbols within a time slot (or ms) is sent.

[0035] If the interval between SRS instances (e.g., SRS interval or SRS transmission interval) is constant / equal for different SRS instances, rate determination can be performed using the first processing of the SRS instances. For unequal intervals between SRS instances, rate determination can be performed using a second, more refined and / or more complex processing of the SRS instances. The decision to use either equal or unequal intervals can be based on a balance between the complexity of processing SRS instances and the complexity of maintaining acceptable overhead to support the system capacity used for sensing while minimizing the impact on communication performance.

[0036] For example, in some aspects, a wireless device may use a first CP length configuration to transmit an SRS, wherein the first CP length configuration differs from a second CP length configuration associated with the communication. In a single-site operation mode, the wireless device may receive a reflected SRS based on transmitting the SRS, and may calculate at least one value associated with at least one corresponding object in the wireless device's environment based on the SRS and the reflected SRS. In a dual-site operation mode, a base station or another wireless device may use the first CP length configuration to receive the reflected SRS, and calculate at least one value associated with at least one corresponding object in the wireless device's environment based on the SRS and the reflected SRS. The base station or another wireless device may transmit, and the wireless device transmitting the SRS may receive an indication of the at least one value. The SRS may include a set of SRS instances having a first periodicity (e.g., the time interval between SRS instances or the number of symbols between SRS instances) over multiple time slots and / or ms, wherein the first CP length configuration is configured to maintain equal time intervals based on the number of symbols between SRS instances.

[0037] Specific aspects of the subject matter described in this disclosure can be implemented to achieve one or more of the following potential advantages. CP length configuration can be used to simplify SRS processing for sensing applications performed by joint sensing and communication wireless devices.

[0038] The detailed descriptions following, illustrated with reference to the accompanying drawings, describe various configurations and do not represent the only configurations in which the concepts described herein can be practiced. To provide a thorough understanding of the various concepts, the detailed descriptions include specific details. However, these concepts can be practiced without these specific details. In some cases, well-known structures and components are shown in block diagram form to avoid obscuring such concepts.

[0039] Various apparatuses and methods are presented with reference to several aspects of a telecommunications system. These apparatuses and methods are described in detail below and illustrated in the accompanying drawings by various blocks, components, circuits, processes, algorithms, etc. (collectively, "elements"). These elements can be implemented using electronic hardware, computer software, or any combination thereof. Whether these elements are implemented as hardware or software depends on the specific application and the design constraints imposed on the system as a whole.

[0040] As an example, an element, or any part of an element, or any combination of elements, may be implemented as a "processing system" that includes one or more processors. Examples of processors include microprocessors, microcontrollers, graphics processing units (GPUs), central processing units (CPUs), application processors, digital signal processors (DSPs), reduced instruction set computing (RISC) processors, system-on-a-chip (SoCs), baseband processors, field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), programmable logic devices (PLDs), state machines, gated logic, discrete hardware circuitry, and other suitable hardware configured to perform the various functionalities described throughout this disclosure. One or more processors in the processing system can execute software. Whether referred to as software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description language, or other terms, software should be broadly interpreted as instructions, instruction sets, code, code segments, program code, programs, subroutines, software components, applications, software applications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects, executables, threads of execution, procedures, functions, or any combination thereof.

[0041] Therefore, in one or more example aspects, specific implementations, and / or use cases, the described functionality may be implemented in hardware, software, or any combination thereof. If implemented in software, the functionality may be stored or encoded as one or more instructions or code on a computer-readable medium. Computer-readable media includes computer storage media. Storage media can be any available medium that can be accessed by a computer. As examples, such computer-readable media may include random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM), optical disc storage devices, magnetic disk storage devices, other magnetic storage devices, combinations of these types of computer-readable media, or any other medium that can be used to store computer-executable code in the form of instructions or data structures accessible by a computer.

[0042] While aspects, implementations, and / or use cases are described herein by way of example, additional or different aspects, implementations, and / or use cases may arise in many different arrangements and scenarios. The aspects, implementations, and / or use cases described herein can be implemented across many different platform types, devices, systems, shapes, sizes, and package arrangements. For example, aspects, implementations, and / or use cases may arise via integrated chip implementations and other devices based on non-modular components (e.g., end-user devices, vehicles, communication devices, computing devices, industrial equipment, retail / purchasing devices, medical devices, AI-enabled devices, etc.). While some examples may or may not be specific to a use case or application, the described examples may exhibit broad applicability. Aspects, implementations, and / or use cases can range from chip-level or modular components to non-modular, non-chip-level implementations, and further to aggregated, distributed, or original equipment manufacturer (OEM) devices or systems incorporating one or more of the technologies described herein. In some practical settings, devices incorporating the described aspects and features may also include additional components and features for implementing and practicing the claimed and described aspects. For example, the transmission and reception of wireless signals necessarily involve several components for analog and digital purposes (e.g., hardware components including antennas, RF chains, power amplifiers, modulators, buffers, processors, interleavers, adders / summers, etc.). The techniques described herein can be practiced in a wide variety of devices, chip-level components, systems, distributed arrangements, aggregated or decomposed components, end-user equipment, etc., of various sizes, shapes, and configurations.

[0043] Communication systems, such as 5G NR systems, can be deployed in various ways with a variety of components or parts. In a 5G NR system or network, network nodes, network entities, network mobility elements, radio access network (RAN) nodes, core network nodes, network elements or network equipment (such as base stations (BS)) or one or more units (or components) performing base station functions can be implemented in aggregated or decomposed architectures. For example, BSs (such as Node B (NB), evolved NB (eNB), NR BS, 5G NB, access point (AP), transmit / receive point (TRP), or cell, etc.) can be implemented as aggregated base stations (also known as standalone BS or monolithic BS) or decomposed base stations.

[0044] Aggregated base stations can be configured to utilize a radio protocol stack that is physically or logically integrated within a single RAN node. Decentralized base stations can be configured to utilize a protocol stack that is physically or logically distributed across two or more units, such as one or more central or centralized units (CUs), one or more distributed units (DUs), or one or more radio units (RUs) (i.e., central or distributed units). In some respects, the CU may be implemented within a RAN node, and one or more DUs may co-located with the CU, or alternatively, may be geographically or virtually distributed across one or more other RAN nodes. DUs may be implemented to communicate with one or more RUs. Each of the CU, DU, and RU may be implemented as a virtual unit, namely a virtual central unit (VCU), a virtual distributed unit (VDU), or a virtual radio unit (VRU).

[0045] Base station operation or network design can take into account the aggregation characteristics of base station functionality. For example, decomposed base stations can be used in Integrated Access Backhaul (IAB) networks, Open Radio Access Networks (O-RAN (such as network configurations advocated by the O-RAN Alliance)), or Virtualized Radio Access Networks (vRAN, also known as Cloud Radio Access Networks (C-RAN)). Decomposition can include distributing functionality across two or more units in various physical locations, as well as virtually distributing the functionality of at least one unit, which enables flexibility in network design. The various units of a decomposed base station or decomposed RAN architecture can be configured to communicate wirelessly with at least one other unit.

[0046] FIG. 1 Figure 100 illustrates an example of a wireless communication system and access network. The illustrated wireless communication system includes a decomposed base station architecture. The decomposed base station architecture may include one or more CUs 110, which may communicate directly with the core network 120 via a backhaul link, or indirectly with the core network 120 via one or more decomposed base station units, such as a near real-time (near-RT) RAN Intelligent Controller (RIC) 125 via an E2 link, or a non-real-time (non-RT) RIC 115 associated with a Service Management and Orchestration (SMO) framework 105, or both. CUs 110 may communicate with one or more DUs 130 via a corresponding midhaul link (such as an F1 interface). DUs 130 may communicate with one or more RUs 140 via a corresponding fronthaul link. RUs 140 may communicate with a corresponding UE 104 via one or more radio frequency (RF) access links. In some implementations, a UE 104 may be served simultaneously by multiple RUs 140.

[0047] Each of the units (i.e., CU 110, DU 130, RU 140, and near-RT RIC 125, non-RT RIC 115, and SMO frame 105) may include or be coupled to one or more interfaces configured to receive or transmit signals, data, or information (collectively, signals) via wired or wireless transmission media. Each of the units, or an associated processor or controller providing instructions to the communication interfaces of these units, may be configured to communicate with one or more other units via transmission media. For example, these units may include wired interfaces configured to receive signals or transmit signals to one or more other units via wired transmission media. Additionally, these units may include wireless interfaces that may include receivers, transmitters, or transceivers (such as RF transceivers) configured to receive and / or transmit signals to one or more other units via wireless transmission media.

[0048] In some aspects, the CU 110 can host one or more higher-level control functions. Such control functions may include Radio Resource Control (RRC), Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP), Serving Data Adaptation Protocol (SDAP), etc. Each control function can be implemented using an interface configured to signal to other control functions hosted by the CU 110. The CU 110 can be configured to handle user plane functionality (i.e., Central Unit-User Plane (CU-UP)), control plane functionality (i.e., Central Unit-Control Plane (CU-CP)), or a combination thereof. In some implementations, the CU 110 can be logically divided into one or more CU-UP units and one or more CU-CP units. When implemented in an O-RAN configuration, the CU-UP units can communicate bidirectionally with the CU-CP units via an interface such as an E1 interface. The CU 110 can be implemented to communicate with the DU 130 for network control and signaling as needed.

[0049] DU 130 may correspond to a logic unit that includes one or more base station functions for controlling the operation of one or more RU 140s. In some aspects, DU 130 may be at least partially based on functional decomposition (such as by 3GPP). ™The DU 130 is configured to host one or more of the following functionalities: the Radio Link Control (RLC) layer, the Media Access Control (MAC) layer, and one or more high physical (PHY) layers (such as modules for forward error correction (FEC) encoding and decoding, scrambling, modulation, demodulation, etc.). In some respects, the DU 130 may further host one or more low PHY layers. Each layer (or module) may be implemented using an interface configured to communicate signals with other layers (and modules) hosted by the DU 130 or with control functions hosted by the CU 110.

[0050] Lower-layer functionality can be implemented by one or more RU 140s. In some deployments, an RU140 controlled by a DU 130 may correspond to a logical node that hosts RF processing functions or low-PHY layer functions (such as performing Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), Inverse FFT (iFFT), digital beamforming, Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH) extraction and filtering, or both, based at least in part on functional decomposition (such as lower-layer functional decomposition). In such architectures, the RU 140 may be implemented to handle over-the-air (OTA) communications with one or more UEs 104. In some specific implementations, the real-time and non-real-time aspects of control plane and user plane communications with the RU 140 may be controlled by the corresponding DU 130. In some scenarios, this configuration enables the implementation of the DU 130 and CU 110 in cloud-based RAN architectures such as vRAN architectures.

[0051] SMO framework 105 can be configured to support RAN deployment and provisioning of both non-virtualized and virtualized network elements. For non-virtualized network elements, SMO framework 105 can be configured to support the deployment of dedicated physical resources for RAN coverage requirements, which can be managed via operation and maintenance interfaces such as the O1 interface. For virtualized network elements, SMO framework 105 can be configured to interact with a cloud computing platform such as Open Cloud (O-Cloud) 190 to perform network element lifecycle management (such as instantiating virtualized network elements) via a cloud computing platform interface such as the O2 interface. Such virtualized network elements may include, but are not limited to, CU 110, DU 130, RU 140, and near-RT RIC 125. In some implementations, SMO framework 105 can communicate with the hardware aspects of the 4G RAN (such as Open eNB (O-eNB) 111) via the O1 interface. Additionally, in some implementations, SMO framework 105 can communicate directly with one or more RU 140s via the O1 interface. SMO framework 105 may also include a non-RT RIC 115 configured to support the functionality of SMO framework 105.

[0052] The non-RT RIC 115 can be configured to include logical functions enabling non-real-time control and optimization of RAN elements and resources, including artificial intelligence (AI) / machine learning (ML) workflows for model training and updates, or policy-based guidance for applications / features in the near-RT RIC 125. The non-RT RIC 115 can be coupled to or communicate with the near-RT RIC 125, such as via an A1 interface. The near-RT RIC 125 can be configured to include logical functions enabling near real-time control and optimization of RAN elements and resources via an interface, such as an E2 interface, connecting one or more CU 110s, one or more DU 130s, or both, and O-eNBs to the near-RT RIC 125.

[0053] In some implementations, to generate AI / ML models to be deployed in the near-RT RIC 125, the non-RT RIC 115 may receive parameters or external enrichment information from an external server. This information can be utilized by the near-RT RIC 125 and can be received from non-network data sources or network functions at the SMO framework 105 or the non-RT RIC 115. In some examples, the non-RT RIC 115 or the near-RT RIC 125 may be configured to tune RAN behavior or performance. For example, the non-RT RIC 115 may monitor long-term trends and patterns in performance and use AI / ML models to perform corrective actions via the SMO framework 105 (such as reconfiguration via O1) or by creating RAN management policies (such as A1 policies).

[0054] At least one of CU 110, DU 130, and RU 140 may be referred to as base station 102. Therefore, base station 102 may include one or more of CU 110, DU 130, and RU 140 (each component is indicated by a dashed line to indicate that each component may or may not be included in base station 102). Base station 102 provides UE 104 with an access point to core network 120. Base station 102 may include macro cells (high-power cellular base stations) and / or small cells (low-power cellular base stations). Small cells include femtocells, picocells, and microcells. A network that includes both small cells and macro cells may be referred to as a heterogeneous network. A heterogeneous network may also include an evolved home node B (eNB) (HeNB), which can provide service to a restricted group referred to as a closed subscriber group (CSG). The communication link between RU 140 and UE 104 may include uplink (UL) transmission (also known as reverse link) from UE 104 to RU 140 and / or downlink (DL) transmission (also known as forward link) transmission from RU 140 to UE 104. The communication link may utilize multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna techniques, including spatial multiplexing, beamforming, and / or transmit diversity. The communication link may use one or more carriers. For each carrier allocated in a carrier aggregation of up to Yx MHz (x component carriers) for transmission in each direction, base station 102 / UE 104 may use a spectrum with a bandwidth of up to Y MHz (e.g., 5MHz, 10MHz, 15MHz, 20MHz, 100MHz, 400MHz, etc.). These carriers may or may not be adjacent to each other. Carrier allocation may be asymmetric for DL ​​and UL (e.g., more or fewer carriers may be allocated to DL compared to UL). Component carriers may include primary component carriers and one or more secondary component carriers. The primary component carrier can be referred to as the primary cell (PCell) and the secondary component carrier can be referred to as the secondary cell (SCell).

[0055] Some UEs 104 may communicate with each other using a device-to-device (D2D) communication link 158. The D2D communication link 158 may use DL / UL wireless wide area network (WWAN) spectrum. The D2D communication link 158 may use one or more sidelink channels, such as the Physical Sidelink Broadcast Channel (PSBCH), Physical Sidelink Discovery Channel (PSDCH), Physical Sidelink Shared Channel (PSSCH), and Physical Sidelink Control Channel (PSCCH). D2D communication can be achieved through various wireless D2D communication systems, such as Bluetooth. ™ Wi-Fi based on the IEEE 802.11 standard ™ LTE or NR.

[0056] Wireless communication systems may also include Wi-Fi ™AP 150, this Wi-Fi ™ APs, for example, in the 5GHz unlicensed spectrum, communicate with UE 104 (also known as Wi-Fi) via communication link 154. ™ The UE 104 / AP 150 can perform a Channel Clearance Assessment (CCA) before communicating in unlicensed spectrum to determine if the channel is available.

[0057] The electromagnetic spectrum is typically subdivided into various categories, bands, channels, etc., based on frequency / wavelength. In 5G NR, two initial operating bands have been designated as frequency ranges FR1 (410MHz-7.125GHz) and FR2 (24.25GHz-52.6GHz). Although a portion of FR1 is greater than 6GHz, it is often referred to (interchangeably) as the "sub-6GHz" band in various documents and articles. Similar naming issues sometimes arise regarding FR2, which is often (interchangeably) referred to as the "millimeter wave" or "mmWave" band in documents and articles, although this differs from the Extremely High Frequency (EHF) band (30GHz to 300GHz) designated as "millimeter wave" by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU).

[0058] The frequencies between FR1 and FR2 are generally referred to as mid-band frequencies. Recent 5G NR studies have identified the operating bands used for these mid-band frequencies as the frequency range designation FR3 (7.125 GHz to 24.25 GHz). Bands falling within FR3 can inherit FR1 and / or FR2 characteristics, thus effectively extending the features of FR1 and / or FR2 to mid-band frequencies. Furthermore, higher frequency bands are currently being explored to extend 5G NR operation beyond 52.6 GHz. For example, three higher operating bands have been identified as the frequency range designations FR2-2 (52.6 GHz - 71 GHz), FR4 (71 GHz - 114.25 GHz), and FR5 (114.25 GHz - 300 GHz). Each of these higher frequency bands falls within the EHF band.

[0059] In view of the above, unless otherwise specifically stated, the term "below 6 GHz" as used herein can broadly refer to frequencies less than 6 GHz, within FR1, or including intermediate frequency band frequencies. Furthermore, unless otherwise specifically stated, the term "millimeter wave" as used herein can broadly refer to frequencies that can include intermediate frequency band frequencies, within FR2, FR4, FR2-2 and / or FR5, or within the EHF band.

[0060] Base station 102 and UE 104 may each include multiple antennas (such as antenna elements, antenna panels, and / or antenna arrays) to facilitate beamforming. Base station 102 may transmit beamformed signals 182 to UE 104 in one or more transmit directions. UE 104 may receive beamformed signals from base station 102 in one or more receive directions. UE 104 may also transmit beamformed signals 184 to base station 102 in one or more transmit directions. Base station 102 may receive beamformed signals from UE 104 in one or more receive directions. Base station 102 / UE 104 may perform beamforming training to determine the optimal receive and transmit directions for each of base station 102 / UE 104. The transmit and receive directions of base station 102 may be the same or different. The transmit and receive directions of UE 104 may be the same or different.

[0061] Base station 102 may include and / or be referred to as gNB, Node B, eNB, access point, base transceiver, radio base station, radio transceiver, transceiver function, basic service set (BSS), extended service set (ESS), TRP, network node, network entity, network equipment, or some other suitable terminology. Base station 102 may be implemented as an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) node, relay node, sidelink node, aggregated (monolithic) base station with baseband units (BBU) (including CU and DU) and RU, or may be implemented as a decomposed base station including one or more of CU, DU, and / or RU. A collection of base stations that may include decomposed base stations and / or aggregated base stations may be referred to as Next Generation (NG) RAN (NG-RAN).

[0062] The core network 120 may include Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) 161, Session Management Function (SMF) 162, User Plane Function (UPF) 163, Unified Data Management (UDM) 164, one or more location servers 168, and other functional entities. AMF 161 is the control node that processes signaling between UE 104 and the core network 120. AMF 161 supports registration management, connection management, mobility management, and other functions. SMF 162 supports session management and other functions. UPF 163 supports packet routing, packet forwarding, and other functions. UDM 164 supports authentication and key agreement (AKA) credential generation, user identity processing, access authorization, and subscription management. One or more location servers 168 are exemplified as including a Gateway Mobile Location Center (GMLC) 165 and a Location Management Function (LMF) 166. However, generally, one or more location servers 168 may include one or more location / positioning servers, which may include one or more of GMLC 165, LMF 166, a location determination entity (PDE), a serving mobile location center (SMLC), a mobile location center (MPC), etc. GMLC 165 and LMF 166 support UE location services. GMLC 165 provides an interface for clients / applications (e.g., emergency services) to access UE location information. LMF 166 receives measurement and auxiliary information from NG-RAN and UE 104 via AMF 161 to calculate the location of UE 104. NG-RAN may use one or more positioning methods to determine the location of UE 104. Positioning UE 104 may involve signal measurement, location estimation, and optional rate calculation based on these measurements. Signal measurement may be performed by UE 104 and / or the base station 102 serving UE 104. The measured signals can be based on Satellite Positioning System (SPS) 170 (e.g., one or more of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), Global Positioning System (GPS), Non-Terrestrial Network (NTN) or other satellite positioning / location systems), LTE signals, Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) signals, Bluetooth. ™ One or more of the following: signal, terrestrial beacon system (TBS), sensor-based information (e.g., barometric pressure sensor, motion sensor), NR enhanced cell ID (NR E-CID) method, NR signal (e.g., multiple round trip time (multiple RTT), DL departure angle (DL-AoD), DL time difference of arrival (DL-TDOA), UL time difference of arrival (UL-TDOA) and UL angle of arrival (UL-AoA) positioning) and / or other systems / signals / sensors.

[0063] Examples of UE 104 include cellular phones, smartphones, Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) phones, laptops, personal digital assistants (PDAs), satellite radios, GPS devices, multimedia devices, video devices, digital audio players (e.g., MP3 players), cameras, game consoles, tablets, smart devices, wearable devices, vehicles, electricity meters, air pumps, large or small kitchen appliances, healthcare devices, implants, sensors / actuators, displays, or any other similarly functional device. Some UEs in UE 104 may be referred to as IoT devices (e.g., parking meters, air pumps, toasters, vehicles, heart monitors, etc.). UE 104 may also be referred to as a station, mobile station, subscriber station, mobile unit, subscriber unit, wireless unit, remote unit, mobile device, wireless device, wireless communication device, remote device, mobile subscriber station, access terminal, mobile terminal, wireless terminal, remote terminal, mobile phone, user agent, mobile client, client, or some other suitable term. In some scenarios, the term UE may also be applied to one or more companion devices, such as in a device constellation arrangement. One or more of these devices may access the network together and / or individually.

[0064] Refer again FIG. 1 In some aspects, UE 104 may have a CP component 198 for joint sensing and communication, which is configured to transmit SRS using a first CP length configuration, wherein the first CP length configuration differs from a second CP length configuration associated with communication. The CP component 198 for joint sensing and communication may also be configured to receive reflected SRS based on the transmission of the SRS. The CP component 198 for joint sensing and communication may also be configured to receive an indication of at least one value associated with at least one corresponding object in the environment of the wireless device based on the SRS. In some aspects, base station 102 or UE 104 may have a CP component 199 for joint sensing and communication, which is configured to receive reflected SRS using a first CP length configuration, wherein the first CP length configuration differs from a second CP length configuration associated with communication. The CP component 199 for joint sensing and communication may also be configured to transmit to the wireless device an indication of at least one value associated with at least one corresponding object in the environment of the wireless device based on the reflected SRS. While the aspects of this disclosure may be described as examples including automotive radar systems in order to illustrate the concepts presented herein, the aspects presented herein may also be applied to additional applications of communication systems associated with different aspects of networks.

[0065] FIG. 2A Figure 200 illustrates an example of the first subframe within a 5G NR frame structure.FIG. 2B Figure 230 illustrates an example of a DL channel within a 5G NR subframe. FIG. 2C Figure 250 illustrates an example of the second subframe within a 5G NR frame structure. FIG. 2D Figure 280 illustrates an example of a UL channel within a 5G NR subframe. The 5G NR frame structure can be Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) (where subframes within a specific set of subcarriers (carrier system bandwidth) are dedicated to either DL or UL) or Time Division Duplex (TDD) (where subframes within a specific set of subcarriers (carrier system bandwidth) are dedicated to both DL and UL). FIG. 2A , FIG. 2C In the provided example, the 5G NR frame structure is assumed to be TDD, where subframe 4 is configured with slot format 28 (most of which are DL), where D is DL, U is UL, and F is flexible between DL / UL, and subframe 3 is configured with slot format 1 (all of which are UL). Although subframes 3 and 4 are shown as having slot formats 1 and 28 respectively, any particular subframe can be configured with any of the various available slot formats 0-61. Slot formats 0 and 1 are all DL and all UL, respectively. Other slot formats 2-61 include a mixture of DL, UL, and flexible symbols. The UE is configured using the slot format via the received Slot Format Indicator (SFI) (dynamically configured via DL Control Information (DCI) or semi-statically / statically configured via Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling). Note that the following description also applies to the 5G NR frame structure as TDD.

[0066] FIG. 2A to FIG. 2D The frame structure is illustrated, and aspects of this disclosure are applicable to other wireless communication technologies that may have different frame structures and / or different channels. A frame (10 ms) can be divided into 10 equal-sized subframes. Each subframe may include one or more time slots. Subframes may also include micro-slots, which may contain 7, 4, or 2 symbols. Each time slot may contain 14 or 12 symbols, depending on whether the cyclic prefix (CP) is normal (e.g., it may be referred to as normal cyclic prefix (NCP)) or extended (e.g., it may be referred to as extended cyclic prefix (ECP)). For normal CP (e.g., NCP), each time slot may contain 14 symbols, and for extended CP (e.g., ECP), each time slot may contain 12 symbols. Symbols on the DL may be CP Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) (CP-OFDM) symbols. Symbols on the UL may be CP-OFDM symbols (for high-throughput scenarios) or Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) Extended OFDM (DFT-s-OFDM) symbols (for power-constrained scenarios; limited to single-stream transmission). The number of time slots within a subframe is based on the CP and parameter set. The parameter set defines the subcarrier spacing (SCS) (see Table 1). The symbol length / duration can be scaled with 1 / SCS.

[0067]

[0068] Table 1: Numerology, SCS, and CP

[0069] For a normal CP (14 symbols / slot), different parameter sets µ 0 through 4 allow 1, 2, 4, 8, and 16 slots per subframe, respectively. For an extended CP, parameter set 2 allows 4 slots per subframe. Therefore, for a normal CP and parameter set µ, there are 14 symbols / slot and 2... µ One time slot / subframe. Subcarrier spacing can be equal to ,in The parameter sets are 0 to 4. Therefore, the subcarrier spacing is 15 kHz for parameter set µ=0 and 240 kHz for parameter set µ=4. The symbol length / duration is negatively correlated with the subcarrier spacing. FIG. 2A to FIG. 2D Examples of a normal frequency division multiplexing (CP) with 14 symbols per time slot and a parameter set of µ=2 with 4 time slots per subframe are provided. The time slot duration is 0.25 ms, the subcarrier spacing is 60 kHz, and the symbol duration is approximately 16.67 μs. Within the frame set, there may be one or more different bandwidth portions (BWPs) of frequency division multiplexing (see [link to relevant documentation]). FIG. 2B Each BWP can have a specific set of parameters and CP (normal or extended).

[0070] A resource grid can be used to represent the frame structure. Each time slot consists of a resource block (RB) extending for 12 consecutive subcarriers (also known as a physical RB (PRB)). The resource grid is divided into multiple resource elements (REs). The number of bits carried by each RE depends on the modulation scheme.

[0071] like FIG. 2A As illustrated, some REs carry reference (pilot) signals (RS) for the UE. RS may include demodulation RS (DM-RS) (indicated as R for a particular configuration, but other DM-RS configurations are possible) and channel state information reference signals (CSI-RS) for channel estimation at the UE. RS may also include beam measurement RS (BRS), beam refinement RS (BRRS), and phase tracking RS (PT-RS).

[0072] FIG. 2B Examples of various DL channels within a subframe of a frame are illustrated. The Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH) carries the DCI within one or more Control Channel Elements (CCEs) (e.g., 1, 2, 4, 8, or 16 CCEs), each CCE comprising six RE Groups (REGs), each REG comprising 12 consecutive REs in the OFDM symbol of the RB. A PDCCH within a BWP may be referred to as a Control Resource Set (CORESET). The UE is configured to monitor PDCCH candidates in the PDCCH search space (e.g., the common search space, the UE-specific search space) during PDCCH monitoring timing on the CORESET, where the PDCCH candidates have different DCI formats and different aggregation levels. Additional BWPs may be located at higher and / or lower frequencies on the channel bandwidth. The Primary Synchronization Signal (PSS) may be located within symbol 2 of a specific subframe of the frame. The PSS is used by the UE 104 to determine subframe / symbol timing and physical layer identification. The Secondary Synchronization Signal (SSS) may be located within symbol 4 of a specific subframe of the frame. The SSS is used by the UE to determine the Physical Layer Cell Identifier Group Number and radio frame timing. Based on the Physical Layer Identifier and the Physical Layer Cell Identifier Group Number, the UE can determine the Physical Cell Identifier (PCI). Based on the PCI, the UE can determine the location of the DM-RS. The Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH), carrying the Master Information Block (MIB), can be logically grouped with the PSS and SSS to form a Synchronization Signal (SS) / PBCH block (also known as an SS block (SSB)). The MIB provides the System Frame Number (SFN) and the number of Restricted Frames (RBs) in the system bandwidth. The Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH) carries user data, broadcast system information not transmitted via the PBCH (such as System Information Blocks (SIBs)), and paging messages.

[0073] like FIG. 2CAs illustrated, some REs in the REs carry DM-RS (indicated as R for one particular configuration, but other DM-RS configurations are possible) for channel estimation at the base station. The UE can transmit DM-RS for the Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH) and DM-RS for the Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH). The PUSCH DM-RS can be transmitted in the first or second symbol of the PUSCH. Depending on whether a short or long PUCCH is transmitted and depending on the specific PUCCH format used, the PUCCH DM-RS can be transmitted in different configurations. The UE can transmit a Sounding Reference Signal (SRS). The SRS can be transmitted in the last symbol of a subframe. The SRS can have a comb structure, and the UE can transmit the SRS on one of the comb structures within that comb structure. The SRS can be used by the base station for channel quality estimation to enable frequency-dependent scheduling of the UL.

[0074] FIG. 2D Examples of various UL channels within a subframe of a frame are illustrated. The PUCCH may be located as indicated in one configuration. The PUCCH carries uplink control information (UCI), such as scheduling requests, channel quality indicators (CQI), pre-decoding matrix indicators (PMI), rank indicators (RI), and hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) acknowledgment (ACK) (HARQ-ACK) feedback (i.e., one or more HARQ ACK bits indicating one or more ACKs and / or negative ACKs (NACKs)). The PUCCH carries data and may additionally be used to carry buffer status reports (BSR), power clearance reports (PHR), and / or UCIs.

[0075] FIG. 3This is a block diagram illustrating communication between base station 310 and UE 350 in the access network. In the DL, Internet Protocol (IP) packets can be provided to controller / processor 375. Controller / processor 375 implements Layer 3 and Layer 2 functionality. Layer 3 includes the Radio Resource Control (RRC) layer, and Layer 2 includes the Service Data Adaptation Protocol (SDAP) layer, Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) layer, Radio Link Control (RLC) layer, and Media Access Control (MAC) layer. The controller / processor 375 provides RRC layer functionality associated with broadcasting system information (e.g., MIB, SIB), RRC connection control (e.g., RRC connection paging, RRC connection establishment, RRC connection modification, and RRC connection release), inter-Radio Access Technology (RAT) mobility, and measurement configuration for UE measurement reporting; PDCP layer functionality associated with header compression / decompression, security (encryption, decryption, integrity protection, integrity verification), and handover support functions; RLC layer functionality associated with upper-layer packet data unit (PDU) delivery, error correction via ARQ, concatenation, segmentation, and reassembly of RLC service data units (SDUs), resegmentation of RLC data PDUs, and reordering of RLC data PDUs; and MAC layer functionality associated with mapping between logical channels and transport channels, multiplexing of MAC SDUs onto transport blocks (TBs), demultiplexing of MAC SDUs from TBs, scheduling information reporting, error correction via HARQ, priority handling, and logical channel priority ordering.

[0076] Transmit (TX) processor 316 and receive (RX) processor 370 implement Layer 1 functionality associated with various signal processing functions. Layer 1 (which includes the physical (PHY) layer) may include error detection on the transport channel, forward error correction (FEC) decoding / decoding of the transport channel, interleaving, rate matching, mapping to the physical channel, modulation / demodulation of the physical channel, and MIMO antenna processing. TX processor 316 processes the mapping to the signal cluster based on various modulation schemes (e.g., binary phase shift keying (BPSK), quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK), M-order phase shift keying (M-PSK), M-order quadrature amplitude modulation (M-QAM)). The decoded and modulated symbols can then be divided into parallel streams. Each stream can then be mapped to OFDM subcarriers, multiplexed with a reference signal (e.g., a pilot) in the time and / or frequency domains, and then combined using inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) to produce a physical channel carrying a stream of time-domain OFDM symbols. The OFDM stream undergoes spatial pre-decoding to generate multiple spatial streams. Channel estimates from channel estimator 374 are used to determine the decoding and modulation scheme, as well as for spatial processing. Channel estimates can be derived from reference signals and / or channel state feedback transmitted by UE 350. Each spatial stream can then be provided to a different antenna 320 via a separate transmitter 318Tx. Each transmitter 318Tx can utilize the corresponding spatial stream to modulate a radio frequency (RF) carrier for transmission.

[0077] At UE 350, each receiver 354Rx receives signals via its corresponding antenna 352. Each receiver 354Rx recovers the information modulated onto the RF carrier and provides that information to the receive (RX) processor 356. The TX processor 368 and RX processor 356 implement Layer 1 functionality associated with various signal processing functions. The RX processor 356 can perform spatial processing on the information to recover any spatial stream destined for UE 350. If multiple spatial streams are destined for UE 350, they can be combined by the RX processor 356 into a single OFDM symbol stream. The RX processor 356 then uses a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) to transform the OFDM symbol stream from the time domain to the frequency domain. The frequency domain signal consists of a separate OFDM symbol stream for each subcarrier of the OFDM signal. The symbols on each subcarrier, along with the reference signal, are recovered and demodulated by determining the most probable signal constellation point transmitted by base station 310. These soft decisions can be based on a channel estimate calculated by channel estimator 358. The soft decision is then decoded and deinterleaved to recover the data and control signals originally transmitted by base station 310 on the physical channel. The data and control signals are then provided to controller / processor 359, which implements layer 3 and layer 2 functionality.

[0078] The controller / processor 359 may be associated with a memory 360 that stores program code and data. The memory 360 may be referred to as a computer-readable medium. In the UL, the controller / processor 359 provides demultiplexing, packet reassembly, decryption, header decompression, and control signal processing between transport and logical channels to recover IP packets. The controller / processor 359 is also responsible for error detection using ACK and / or NACK protocols to support HARQ operation.

[0079] Similar to the functionality described in conjunction with DL transmission performed by base station 310, controller / processor 359 provides RRC layer functionality associated with system information (e.g., MIB, SIB) acquisition, RRC connectivity, and measurement reporting; PDCP layer functionality associated with header compression / decompression and security (encryption, decryption, integrity protection, integrity verification); RLC layer functionality associated with upper-layer PDU transmission, error correction via ARQ, concatenation, segmentation, and reassembly of RLC SDUs, resegmentation of RLC data PDUs, and reordering of RLC data PDUs; and MAC layer functionality associated with mapping between logical channels and transport channels, multiplexing of MAC SDUs to TBs, demultiplexing of MAC SDUs from TBs, scheduling information reporting, error correction via HARQ, priority handling, and logical channel priority ordering.

[0080] The channel estimate derived by the channel estimator 358 from the reference signal or feedback transmitted by the base station 310 can be used by the TX processor 368 to select an appropriate decoding and modulation scheme and facilitate spatial processing. The spatial stream generated by the TX processor 368 can be provided to different antennas 352 via individual transmitters 354Tx. Each transmitter 354Tx can use the corresponding spatial stream to modulate an RF carrier for transmission.

[0081] UL transmission is processed at base station 310 in a manner similar to that described in conjunction with the receiver function at UE 350. Each receiver 318Rx receives signals via its corresponding antenna 320. Each receiver 318Rx recovers the information modulated onto the RF carrier and provides that information to RX processor 370.

[0082] The controller / processor 375 may be associated with a memory 376 that stores program code and data. The memory 376 may be referred to as a computer-readable medium. In UL, the controller / processor 375 provides demultiplexing, packet reassembly, decryption, header decompression, and control signal processing to recover IP packets between transport and logical channels. The controller / processor 375 is also responsible for error detection using ACK and / or NACK protocols to support HARQ operation.

[0083] FIG. 4Figure 400 illustrates examples of FMCW signals generated from a radar device 401 (e.g., an FMCW radar) according to various aspects of this disclosure. These FMCW signals can be used to measure at least one value associated with at least one corresponding object in the environment of the radar device. The radar device 401 can detect an object 420 by transmitting a set of radar transmissions (which may be a set of chirped signals (or pulse signals)), wherein each of these chirped signals may have a frequency that varies linearly with a modulated signal over a fixed time period (e.g., within a scan time) (e.g., with a frequency scan). For example, as shown in Figure 400, a transmitted chirp 402 may have an initial frequency at 404 on a sine wave. Subsequently, the frequency may gradually (e.g., linearly) increase on the sine wave until it reaches a maximum frequency at 406 on the sine wave, and then the frequency of the signal may return to 408, and another chirp 410 may be transmitted in the same manner. In other words, each chirp may include a (e.g., linear) increase and a decrease in frequency, such that radar device 401 can transmit chirs that scan the frequency range.

[0084] After one or more chirps (e.g., chirps 402, 410, 412, etc.) are transmitted by radar device 401, the transmitted chirps can reach object 420 and be reflected back to radar device 401, as shown by reflected chirps (e.g., reflected chirps 414, 416, and 418, which may correspond to the transmitted chirps 402, 410, and 412, respectively). Because there may be a distance between radar device 401 and object 420 and / or it may take time for the transmitted chirps to reach object 420 and be reflected back to radar device 401, there may be a delay between the transmitted chirps and their corresponding reflected chirps. This delay may be proportional to the distance between radar device 401 and object 420 (e.g., the farther the target, the greater the delay, and vice versa). Therefore, radar device 401 may be able to measure or estimate the distance between radar device 401 and object 420 based on this delay. However, in some examples, some devices may have difficulty measuring or estimating the distance based on the delay between the transmitted chirp and the reflected chirp.

[0085] In other examples, as an alternative, radar device 401 can measure the frequency difference between the transmitted chirp and the reflected chirp, which can also be proportional to the distance between radar device 401 and object 420. In other words, since the frequency difference between the reflected chirp and the transmitted chirp increases with delay, and the delay is linearly proportional to distance, the distance between object 420 and radar device 401 can also be determined based on the frequency difference. Therefore, the reflected chirp from the object can be mixed with the transmitted chirp and down-converted to produce a beat signal. The beat signal, after demodulation, can be linearly proportional to the range. For example, radar device 401 can determine the beat signal 422 by mixing the transmitted chirp 402 with its corresponding reflected chirp 414. In some examples, the radar device can also be used to detect rate and direction using FMCW. For example, an FMCW receiver may be able to identify the beat frequency / range based on the range spectrum. The FMCW receiver may also be able to use multiple chirs to identify the rate based on the Doppler spectrum and / or to identify the direction based on the direction of arrival (DoA) spectrum.

[0086] At least one of the TX processor 368, RX processor 356, and controller / processor 359 can be configured to perform and FIG. 1 The CP component 198 or CP component 199 for joint sensing and communication are combined in various aspects.

[0087] At least one of the TX processor 316, RX processor 370, and controller / processor 375 can be configured to perform and FIG. 1 The CP component 199, used for joint sensing and communication, combines various aspects.

[0088] Various aspects of this disclosure relate generally to jointly designed sensing and communication systems. In some aspects, the jointly designed sensing and communication system can be applied to automotive applications and other example applications with the potential to reduce hardware costs, for example, because components can be jointly used for sensing and communication, rather than having separate communication and sensing components. In the jointly designed sensing and communication system, the communication system of a device can transmit signals for sensing, for example, to detect objects around the device based on the reflection of the transmitted signals. As a non-limiting example, a vehicle (e.g., a UE located at or associated with the vehicle) can use the jointly designed communication system to perform sensing around the vehicle. For example, in a single-site operation mode, the reflection can be received by the UE's communication system, while in a dual-site operation mode, the reflection can be received by another device (e.g., the UE or a base station), and information based on the reflection can be provided to the UE. In some aspects, the communication system can use mmWave frequency bands additionally designated for wireless communication but potentially underutilized to transmit sensing signals. In some aspects, the UE can transmit sensing signals (e.g., multiple transmissions for sensing operations) on uplink resources of a wireless communication network. For example, the sensing signal may use the same waveform as that used in the communication system (e.g., CP-OFDM). In some aspects, SRS may be specified based on minimum accuracy or resolution. In some aspects, resources used for SRS transmission may be configured or allocated by network entities (e.g., base stations or network nodes).

[0089] In some respects, rate estimation can be important for automotive applications and other example applications, and specific accuracy and / or resolution can be correlated with the duration of the SRS. For example, an SRS transmission lasting 5 ms or longer (which may be referred to as CPI in the context of RADAR) could be the minimum time interval to achieve a rate resolution of 1 m / s. During an SRS transmission (e.g., CPI), multiple SRS instances can be transmitted at intervals based on the rate range to be identified and / or estimated using the SRS instances. The SRS can span... A time slot (or ms), and the SRS instance can be accessed via A subset of symbols within a time slot (or ms) is sent.

[0090] FIG. 5 Figure 500 illustrates a wireless device performing sensing operations associated with a set of wireless devices and target objects in its environment, according to some aspects of this disclosure. Figure 500 illustrates a concept in a transportation scenario, but the aspects presented herein can also be employed in joint communication and sensing devices in non-transportation applications. Figure 500 illustrates that the wireless device can be a transportation UE 504 capable of transmitting SRS 530 and / or SRS 540, wherein SRS 530 and / or SRS 540 can be the same SRS, for example, the same set of SRS instances propagating from the transportation UE 504 at least in the direction (radially) associated with SRS 530 and SRS 540. SRS 530 (and SRS 540) can be associated with a set of SRS instances separated by SRS intervals (periods) and spanning an SRS CPI, which is associated with sensing operations having a specified range of measurable values ​​(e.g., rate, position, etc.) and a specified resolution.

[0091] SRS 530 can be reflected from a target object (e.g., vehicle 521) as reflected SRS 531, reflected SRS 532, and reflected SRS 533. Reflected SRS 531 can be received by vehicle UE 504 in single-site operation mode. Alternatively, reflected SRS 532 and reflected SRS 533 can be received by UE 513 and an additional vehicle UE 511 in a manner associated with dual-site operation mode. The receiving device (e.g., vehicle UE 504, UE 513, or attached vehicle UE 511) may then calculate at least one value associated with a target object (e.g., vehicle 521) in the environment of vehicle UE 504 based on SRS 530 and the received reflected SRS (e.g., reflected SRS 531, 532, or 533 received by vehicle UE 504, UE 513, or attached vehicle UE 511, respectively).

[0092] Additionally or alternatively, SRS 540 may be reflected from an additional target object (e.g., vehicle 522) as reflected SRS 541 or reflected SRS 542. Reflected SRS 541 may be received by vehicle UE 504, and reflected SRS 542 may be received by network device 512 (e.g., base station or roadside unit). In some aspects, each device receiving the reflected SRS may calculate at least one value associated with the target object from which it reflects / receives the reflected SRS (e.g., reflected SRS 531, 532, 533, 541, or 542). The calculated value may be based on the SRS and the reflected SRS. In some aspects, the at least one value may be a rate associated with the target object (e.g., the relative rate between vehicle UE 504 and the target object, such as vehicle 521 or vehicle 522).

[0093] In some aspects, the additional vehicle UE 511, network device 512, or UE 513 may send the at least one calculated value to the vehicle UE 504 after calculating the at least one value. In some aspects, the vehicle UE 504 may be connected to the additional vehicle UE 511, network device 512, and UE 513 via connection 551, connection 552, and connection 553, respectively. Connection 551, 552, or 553 may be a wireless connection, such as an RF access link, a communication link, or a sidelink.

[0094] In some aspects of wireless communication (e.g., 5G NR), OFDM symbols can be configured with unequal CP lengths. In some aspects, the unequal CP lengths can be based on maintenance slots, subframes, half-subframes, or frame durations up to a time unit (e.g., s or The parameter set (or subcarrier spacing) mapped to an integer multiple of ). For example, in 5G NR, if normal CP (NCP) is used, additional CP samples can be added to each The first OFDM symbol of (or half-frame) is matched to the selected time unit for the subframe (e.g., Additional CP samples are added to each integer multiple of ) The first OFDM symbol (per half-frame). For example, for a sampling rate of 491.52 MHz with 4096 FFT and 120 kHz SCS, the CP sample count for most symbols could be 288, where each The first OFDM symbol of the duration includes 256 additional CP samples. Using this example CP length configuration, if an SRS instance occurs or is scheduled every 4 symbols starting from the second symbol of the subframe, the time interval between the first and second SRS instances can be... The time interval between two SRS instances on either side of the first OFDM symbol of a half-frame can be... .

[0095] FIG. 6 This includes an example of a set of four time slots associated with a 120kHz SCS (without introducing additional CP to ensure each). The first illustration (alignment) of Figure 600 and the set of four time slots associated with 120kHz SCS (additional CP is introduced to ensure each) The second illustration 650 (alignment). As illustrated in illustration 600, the first time slot 601, which includes the NCP associated with each symbol (e.g., 4096 samples in addition to the 288 samples of the normal CP (NCP) of the first length (e.g., 288 samples), but does not include additional CPs, can be in the first time slot. Starts aligned with half a subframe but will last slightly less than Similarly, in some respects, subsequent time slots without additional CP may last slightly less than This allows these time slots, after constituting the four time slots of a half-subframe (e.g., for a 120kHz SCS), to potentially overlap with the time specified for the half-subframe (e.g., ...). ) misalignment, misalignment amount is 605 (exaggerated for illustrative purposes).

[0096] In some respects, to avoid each time slot lasting slightly less than a quarter of a half-frame (e.g., one-quarter or The resulting misalignment amount 605, additional CP 651 (e.g., 256 samples in addition to the 288 samples used for other symbols) can be added to the first symbol of the first slot of the half-frame. Figure 650 illustrates that by adding additional CP (additional samples to the CP of the first symbol), the alignment of the half-frame's slots with the time specified for the half-frame can be maintained at a specified point in the half-frame (e.g., the beginning, the end, or after a certain number of symbols or slots). For example, in some aspects, by adding additional CP 651, each symbol of a particular half-frame (e.g., the i-th symbol or...) It can follow the corresponding symbol in the preceding half-frame (e.g., the i-th symbol or...). After that, the difference is exactly In Figure 650, for example, the first half-frame at the first time... The beginning is followed by the second half-frame in the second time. The start of the second half-frame is exactly later than the start of the first half-frame. In Figures 600 and 650, for illustrative purposes, the NCP, misalignment amount 605, and extra CP 651 shown are not proportional to their actual lengths. For example, the scale representation would be difficult to see because the NCP, misalignment amount 605, and extra CP 651 are approximately 1 / 16 of the symbol length for 4096 samples.

[0097] Therefore, for the CP length configuration used for communication that introduces additional CP samples as described above, if the SRS instance is not... Transmitting at frequencies that are integer multiples of each other (e.g., via symbols not separated by an integer number of half-frames) can result in unequal time intervals between symbols, based on the additional CP added for each half-frame. While extended CP (ECP) CP length configurations, where all symbols have the same CP length, are supported in some aspects of wireless communication, in others they may be supported for some parameter sets, but not all or even most. For example, 5G NR supports ECP for parameter set 2 (e.g., 60kHz SCS) but not for other parameter sets. In some aspects, such non-uniform symbol durations can degrade rate estimation. For example, when the spacing of SRS symbols is non-uniform, the performance of DFT-based rate (Doppler) estimation degrades (becomes less accurate).

[0098] FIG. 7 This includes diagram 700 illustrating the non-uniform SRS interval resulting from the addition of an additional CP. Diagram 700 illustrates a set of four half-frames with an additional CP (e.g., additional CP 701), each half-frame including as described above. FIG. 6 The set of four time slots described. In some respects, the time slot / subframe structure can be associated with a 120kHz SCS, where a larger (or smaller) SCS is associated with more (or fewer) time slots per half-subframe, where FIG. 7The illustrated example is merely one example used to illustrate features that different SCSs may share. In some aspects, each SRS instance (e.g., SRS instance 725) may be configured to span an integer number of symbols, and the SRS interval (e.g., one SRS interval in SRS interval 711) or the periodicity and / or period associated with the SRS instance may be specified according to the symbol. Figure 700 illustrates that an SRS interval (e.g., each of SRS interval 711 and SRS interval + additional CP 715) may be specified as 4 symbols, and may include one of the first, second, third, or fourth symbols following a half-subframe (e.g., in the fourth symbol of slot 723 after the end of half-subframe 703, or after the symbol including the additional CP 722 between slots 721 and 723).

[0099] As illustrated in the figure, the first set of SRS intervals (e.g., SRS interval 711) can be uniform among SRS instances within the (same) half-frame. However, the intervals between SRS instances in different half-frames can be separated by the SRS interval (e.g., 4 symbols) and the length of the additional CP (e.g., SRS interval + additional CP 715). Therefore, due to the non-uniform SRS interval illustrated in Figure 700, it is longer than a half-frame (e.g., longer than...). The set of SRS instances on the SRS CPI (which may be longer) may experience degradation based on DFT-based rate estimation.

[0100] In some respects, Doppler estimation remains possible, but it may be associated with more complex algorithms that still may not produce as accurate results as Doppler estimation based on uniform spacing between SRS instances. Therefore, if the spacing between SRS instances (e.g., the SRS interval) is constant / equal for different SRS instances, rate determination can be performed using a first processing of the SRS instances, while for unequal spacing between SRS instances, a second, more refined and / or more complex processing of the SRS instances can be used for rate determination. The decision to use either equal or unequal spacing can be based on a balance between the complexity of processing SRS instances and the complexity of maintaining acceptable overhead to support the system capacity used for sensing while minimizing the impact on communication performance.

[0101] In some respects, to avoid problems associated with non-uniform SRS transmission intervals, it is possible to The symbol interval (or The SRS instances are transmitted in multiples of each other. However, in some aspects, using such large intervals may reduce the maximum detectable Doppler shift used in estimation (e.g., reduce the maximum detectable rate). In some aspects, such a reduced maximum detectable rate may be insufficient for automotive sensing (e.g., the full range rate specified for automotive sensing may not be detectable). Additionally or alternatively, to avoid the problems associated with non-uniform SRS transmission intervals, in some aspects, each SRS transmission (e.g., the set of SRS instances associated with sensing operations) may be limited to a maximum of [number missing]. However, limiting the length of the SRS transmission may reduce the detectable resolution of the Doppler shift used for sensing operations (e.g., reduce rate resolution). For a reduced maximum detectable rate, the reduced rate resolution may be insufficient for automotive sensing (e.g., it may not be possible to detect at a rate specified for automotive sensing). Therefore, some aspects disclosed herein relate to a CP length configuration for sensing that allows for uniform SRS instance intervals over a sufficient amount of time for detecting the full range of rates at a resolution specified for automotive sensing.

[0102] For example, in some aspects, a wireless device may use a first CP length configuration to transmit an SRS, wherein the first CP length configuration differs from a second CP length configuration associated with the communication. In a single-site operation mode, the wireless device may receive a reflected SRS based on transmitting the SRS, and may calculate at least one value associated with at least one corresponding object in the wireless device's environment based on the SRS and the reflected SRS. In a dual-site operation mode, a base station or another wireless device may use the first CP length configuration to receive the reflected SRS, and calculate at least one value associated with at least one corresponding object in the wireless device's environment based on the SRS and the reflected SRS. The base station or another wireless device may transmit, and the wireless device transmitting the SRS may receive an indication of the at least one value. The SRS may include a set of SRS instances having a first periodicity (e.g., the time interval between SRS instances or the number of symbols between SRS instances) over multiple time slots and / or ms, wherein the first CP length configuration is configured to maintain equal time intervals based on the number of symbols between SRS instances.

[0103] FIG. 8 Figure 800 illustrates a CP configuration associated with equal-length CPs for each symbol in a modified time-slot structure, according to some aspects of this disclosure, which is associated with at least the SRS CPI. As described above, for a 60kHz SCS (e.g., parameter set...) 2) Define and / or support an ECP associated with a modified time-slot structure comprising 12 symbols per time slot instead of 14 symbols and including an equal-length CP associated with each symbol. However, for sensing signal transmission in higher frequency bands (e.g., in the mmWave band / FR2 from 24.25 GHz to 52.6 GHz), using a larger SCS may be beneficial. For example, sensing signal transmission may use a 120 kHz or 240 kHz SCS (e.g., parameter set). (3 or 4). Thus, Figure 800 illustrates a first CP length configuration (alternatively referred to as a sensing CP configuration or an extended ECP (eECP) configuration) that can be used to extend an existing ECP to an additional (higher) set of parameters for sensing applications.

[0104] Figure 800 illustrates (with parameter set-based) Determined duration The first time slot 801 may be included in the first half-frame 810 associated with the SRS CPI. The second time slot 805 may be included in the second half-frame 820 associated with the SRS CPI and adjacent to the first half-frame 810. The first time slot 801 and the second time slot 805 may include a set of SRS instances with an SRS interval of 3 symbols for the SRSCPI. As illustrated, since each CP has an equal length and there is no (as for) at the beginning of the half-frame FIG. 6 and FIG. 7 (As in the case of NCP configuration) an additional CP is added, so even if SRS interval 812 includes the “boundary” between the first half-subframe 810 and the second half-subframe 820, SRS interval 811, SRS interval 812 and SRS interval 813 are all equal.

[0105] In some aspects, the configuration illustrated in Figure 800 (e.g., CP length configuration) may be dedicated to, configured for, or indicated for allocation to resource pools or BWPs associated with or for sensing signal transmission (SRS or other sensing signals with uniform timing). In some aspects, resource pools or BWPs allocated for or associated with sensing signal transmission (e.g., dedicated resource pool / BWP or sensing resource pool / BWP) may be configured by the base station (or another network device or network entity) to use ECP (e.g., using eECP for SCS other than 60 kHz, or using the first CP length configuration illustrated in Figure 800). Therefore, in some aspects, sensing signal transmission (e.g., SRS transmission or transmission to other sensing signals) may be scheduled in a dedicated resource pool or BWP, while resources not in the dedicated (sensing) resource pool or BWP may be available for communication. Alternatively or additionally, the base station (or another network device or network entity) may allocate (sensor signal) resources for the transmission of a specific sensor signal (from a specific wireless device) and may ensure that the ECP is used for that specific sensor signal transmission. For example, the base station may explicitly instruct the ECP in the authorization or configuration for the allocated sensor signal resources.

[0106] FIG. 9 The document includes a first diagram 900 illustrating a CP configuration according to some aspects of the present disclosure and a second diagram 950 illustrating a first frequency resource set associated with sensing signal transmission and a second frequency resource set associated with communication transmission according to some aspects of the present disclosure. This CP configuration is associated with an NCP for each symbol in a modified subframe and / or frame structure associated with at least the SRS CPI. Diagram 900 illustrates that for the resource set associated with sensing signal transmission, an additional CP 901 (CP for SRS) may be added at the beginning of a first time period for sensing signal transmission. SRS The additional CP 901 used for SRS can be an integer multiple of the additional CP 921 used for communication (e.g., This integer multiple is based on the length of the resource set associated with the sensing signal transmission. In some aspects, the length of the resource set associated with the sensing signal transmission may be associated with a minimum duration (e.g., SRS CPI) for the sensing signal transmission to achieve a specified resolution of the value associated with the sensing signal transmission. The length of the resource set associated with the sensing signal transmission may extend beyond the minimum duration to allow the SRS CPI to begin at a time other than the start of the resource set.

[0107] Figure 950 illustrates a first resource set (resource pool or BWP) (e.g., SRS resource 960) allocated for or associated with sensing signal transmission and a second resource set (e.g., communication resource 970) associated with communication. In some aspects, for SRS CPI, SRS resource 960 and communication resource 970 may span [a certain distance]. Or 10 half-frames, which can be implemented using SRS. The minimum duration of rate resolution. Therefore, the additional CP 901 (CP) for SRS SRS The CP 961 for SRS can be 10 times the length of the additional CP 971 for communication associated with communication resource 970, to match the length of the communication resource 970 spanned by SRS resource 960 and communication resource 970. The total length of the additional CP added within 10 OFDM symbols during the time period (at the beginning of the half-frame). As illustrated in Figures 900 and 950, the additional CP samples 901 or 961 for SRS can be concentrated across... In the first OFDM symbol of the first time slot of the resource set. For example, spanned by SRS resource 960. The first OFDM symbol in the first time slot of the time period can have an ultra-long CP, while the SRS resource 960 spans... The remaining symbols in a time period (or otherwise, a longer time period) may have equal CP (or NCP). Based on the fact that the remaining symbols have equal CP, a uniform time interval (e.g., uniform SRS interval) of SRS instances can be achieved according to the SRS interval specified by the symbol and / or the periodicity of the SRS instance, as shown for SRS intervals 911, 912, and 913 during the SRS CPI.

[0108] The concentration of additional CP samples in the first OFDM symbol of the first time slot may cause a misalignment between the start of the first symbol of the first time slot of the half-frame associated with SRS resource 960 and the start of the corresponding first symbol of the first time slot of the half-frame associated with communication resource 970 (e.g., , In some aspects, by maintaining, allocating, designating, identifying, and / or configuring separate resource pools or BWPs, misalignment between half-frames, time slots, and / or symbols of SRS resource 960 and communication resource 970 may not cause interference between sensing signal transmission and communication transmission. When resource pools are used in BWPs that are also used for communication, in some aspects, the resource pools may be configured to align with the communication resources at the beginning and end of the allocated resource pools. In some aspects, the length of the resource set associated with sensing signal transmission may extend beyond the minimum duration, for example, spanning a radio frame. The time period is specified to allow the SRS CPI to start at a time other than the start of the resource set.

[0109] In some aspects, SRS resource 960 may be allocated for a specific radio device (e.g., a specific UE or vehicle UE) and / or for a specific SRS transmission (e.g., a set of SRS instances during an SRS CPI). As discussed above, the CP configuration associated with diagrams 900 and / or 950 (sometimes referred to as sensing CP configuration, sensing CP length configuration, or CP length configuration for sensing signal transmission) may be associated with a resource pool or BWP (e.g., a dedicated, configured, or allocated resource pool or BWP configured for sensing signal transmission) during or for its schedulable SRS transmission. For example, a resource pool or BWP may be a resource that is periodically (e.g., at a configured period) configured and / or allocated by a base station or network device. In each cycle, for example, there may be several time slots / symbols configured for a resource pool or BWP associated with the transmission of the sensed signal, wherein the first symbol of the resource pool or BWP in each cycle (or the first symbol of the first time slot) may have an extra-long CP, while the remaining symbols of the resource pool or BWP in that cycle may have equal CP lengths (e.g., NCP). In some aspects, an FMCW within a dedicated resource may be used to transmit SRS instances. For example, Figure 950 may (using an exaggerated CP length) represent the symbol and / or time slot structure associated with a 120 kHz SCS and a 491.52 MHz sampling rate in the case of 4096 FFT (e.g., 4096 samples per symbol), wherein each Several additional CP samples in the first OFDM symbol of the duration (e.g., additional CP 921 or additional CP 971 for communication) can be 256 samples for communication resource (or CP) configuration and for SR resource (or CP) configuration. Additional CP samples (e.g., additional CP 901 or additional CP 961 for SRS) can be concentrated in the duration of... The first symbol of the SRS resource (e.g., SRS resource 960 for SRS transmission) is such that the first symbol of the SRS resource can have 2560 additional CP samples.

[0110] FIG. 10 Figure 1000 illustrates a CP configuration, according to some aspects of this disclosure, associated with additional CP samples of the first symbol added to each half-slot in a modified time-slot structure, which is associated with at least SRS CPI. For sensing signal transmission, the additional CP samples may be distributed in each Among multiple OFDM symbols within a duration (within each half-frame). For example, additional CP samples (e.g., additional CP 1001) may be distributed across the first symbol of each half-slot (e.g., where in NR, a half-slot comprises 7 OFDM symbols). Other symbols associated with the SRS CPI may be associated with NCP 1005 (e.g., 288 samples). As illustrated in Figure 1000, for the parameter set A half-slot, comprising seven symbols, can be configured with an additional CP 1001 and can span 0.5 time intervals. ( (half the time slot length).

[0111] Figure 1000 also illustrates that, in some aspects, the SRS instance associated with SRS transmission can be a multi-symbol SRS instance (e.g., with...). FIG. 8 and FIG. 9 The SRS instance associated with the SRS transmission and CP configuration can alternatively be a multi-symbol SRS instance, while the SRS instance in Figure 1000 can, in some respects, be a single-symbol SRS instance. In some aspects, as illustrated in Figure 1000, where additional CP samples are distributed between the first symbols of a half-slot of a half-subframe, the SRS interval (e.g., SRS interval 1011) can be a half-slot (e.g., 7 symbols). In some respects, Figure 1000 can (using an exaggerated CP length) represent a 120kHz SCS (e.g., ...) in the case of 4096 FFT (e.g., 4096 samples per symbol). =3) and the symbol and / or slot structure associated with the 491.52MHz sampling rate, wherein several additional CP samples (e.g., additional CP 1001) in the first OFDM symbol of each half-slot used for SRS resource (or CP) configuration can be 32 samples. For higher parameter sets, the additional CP samples can be distributed across different symbol sets in the half-frame, e.g., on the first symbol of each slot or in each On the first symbol of each time slot ( Even values ​​were chosen to ensure that additional CP samples were evenly distributed across the symbol set.

[0112] Additionally or alternatively, additional CP samples or a set of symbols associated with additional CP samples may be configured such that the periodicity of the insertion and / or addition of additional CP samples is less than the maximum SRS (or sensing signal) interval used to achieve the specified resolution or range for sensing operation. For example, if the specified resolution or range of the sensing operation is at most [missing information - likely a value], ... If the SRS interval is correlated, then for parameter set 2 and higher parameter sets, each An additional CP is inserted every time slot (or often every half time slot as illustrated in Figure 1000). Alternatively, if the specified resolution or range of the sensing operation is at most [missing information], an additional CP is inserted. If the SRS interval is correlated, then for parameter set 1 and higher parameter sets, each An additional CP is inserted every time slot (or often every half time slot as illustrated in Figure 1000). If, as regarding... FIG. 9 As described, if the alignment is based on SRSCPI, the periodicity of the insertion / addition of additional CP samples may be able to take an additional value that is limited by the following conditions: the additional CP samples can be equally divided among the symbols of the SRS CPI associated with the additional CP samples, and the periodicity (or period) of the insertion / addition is not greater than the maximum SRS (or sensing signal) interval for the specified resolution or range used to achieve the sensing operation.

[0113] In some aspects, the configuration illustrated in Figure 1000 (e.g., CP length configuration) may be dedicated to, configured for, or indicated for allocation to resource pools or BWPs associated with or for sensing signal transmission (SRS or other sensing signals with uniform timing benefits). In some aspects, resource pools or BWPs allocated for or associated with sensing signal transmission (e.g., dedicated resource pools or BWPs or sensing resource pools or BWPs) may be configured by a base station (or another network device or network entity) to use the CP configuration illustrated in Figure 1000 (sometimes referred to as sensing CP configuration, sensing CP length configuration, or CP length configuration for sensing signal transmission). Therefore, in some aspects, sensing signal transmission (e.g., SRS transmission or transmission to other sensing signals) may be scheduled in a dedicated resource pool or BWP, while resources not in the dedicated (sensing) resource pool or BWP may be available for communication, as per [reference to...]. FIG. 9 The diagram is illustrated in Figure 950, along with SRS resources 960 and communication resources 970. Alternatively or additionally, the base station (or another network device or network entity) may allocate (sensing signal) resources for the transmission of a specific sensing signal (from a specific wireless device) and may ensure that the CP configuration illustrated in Figure 1000 is used for that specific sensing signal transmission. For example, the base station may explicitly indicate the CP configuration in the authorization (e.g., in DCI) or configuration for the allocated sensing signal resources.

[0114] FIG. 11This is a call flowchart 1100 illustrating a UE 1104 performing sensing and communication operations according to some aspects of this disclosure. The environment of UE 1104 may include UE 1105, base station 1102, device 1107, and object 1109 detectable by sensing operations. In some aspects, UE 1104 may be a vehicle UE, or may be associated with or located at a vehicle, and device 1107 may be an additional UE, which may be associated with a vehicle, may be a component of a vehicle, or may be located at a vehicle. In such examples, object 1109 may be an obstacle, a road hazard, a pedestrian, etc. In other aspects, sensing and communication may be applied by the UE in non-vehicle applications. In some aspects, UE 1104 (as an example of a UE or wireless device configured for communication and sensing) may transmit, and base station 1102 (as an example of a network device configured and / or allocating resources for a set of associated wireless devices) may receive, an SRS capability indication 1110 indicating that UE 1104 (e.g., the wireless device) does not support (or is not configured to perform) sensing operations based on unequal-interval SRS instances (e.g., non-uniform SRS intervals). Similarly, UE 1105 may transmit, and base station 1102 may receive, an SRS capability indication 1111 indicating whether UE 1105 (e.g., the wireless device) supports (or is configured to perform) sensing operations based on unequal-interval SRS instances (e.g., non-uniform SRS intervals). For example, UE 1105 may employ a more refined algorithm for Doppler / rate estimation and thus may support sensing operations based on unequal-interval SRS instances or non-uniform SRS intervals. In some respects, UE 1105 may indicate support for non-uniform SRS spacing in SRS capability indication 1111, and base station 1102 may be able to use resources configured with CP (or CP length) that do not guarantee equal spacing of SRS instances (e.g., via as per relevant provisions). FIG. 6 and FIG. 7 The additional CP samples added per half-frame, as described, are associated with communication resources used to schedule or allocate resources for sensing operations (e.g., for SRS transmission).

[0115] Based on SRS capability indication 1110 and / or SRS capability indication 1111, base station 1102 (or network entity associated with base station 1102) may configure at 1112 a (first) CP length configuration for UE 1104 (and in some respects, a (third) CP length configuration for UE 1105) (e.g., regarding...). FIG. 8 to FIG. 10The described CP configuration (one of the CP configurations) is associated with the distribution of CP among subframes, half-frames, time slots, and / or symbols associated with sensing signal transmission. For example, if at least one radio device (e.g., UE 1104 or UE 1105) indicates that it does not support sensing operation based on non-uniform SRS intervals, base station 1102 may configure a CP length configuration for sensing signal transmission. In some aspects, base station 1102 may configure at 1112 a CP length configuration for one or more specific SRS transmissions (e.g., one or more sets of SRS instances each spanning an SRS CPI) for one or more corresponding radio devices.

[0116] In some aspects, base station 1102 may configure at 1112 a CP length configuration for a resource pool or BWP, which is subsequently allocated (e.g., transmitted via SRS) to or scheduled for a radio device performing sensing operations. In some aspects, base station 1102 may configure resources for sensing signal transmission as a cell-specific configuration or a group-common configuration, while maintaining a different (second) CP length configuration for communication resources. In some aspects, due to the different distribution of additional CPs among subframes, half-frames, time slots, and / or symbols associated with sensing signal transmission, CP misalignment (or mismatch) may exist between transmissions (e.g., communication (DL or UL communication, such as PDSCH or PUSCH) and sensing signal transmissions) associated with different radio devices (e.g., UEs capable of using non-uniform SRS spacing or UEs using a CP length configuration for communication and UEs using a CP length configuration for sensing signal transmission to transmit SRS instances). In some aspects, base station 1102 (e.g., scheduler) can avoid overlapping transmissions by allocating non-overlapping resources based on asymmetry (e.g., for...). FIG. 9 In the illustrated CP configuration, the base station can schedule communication only via symbols that overlap with the SRS instance only, instead of the symbols used for the SRS instance.

[0117] In some aspects, for example, FIG. 10 The illustrated CP configuration allows for misalignment within the CP length such that the misalignment does not result in unacceptable overlap (e.g., causing unacceptable overlap of fewer data samples associated with a symbol (e.g., 4096 in some examples discussed above) that do not overlap with adjacent symbols used to transmit the SRS instance). For example... FIG. 10The illustrated sensing CP configuration may be associated with 32 additional CP samples at the beginning of a half-subframe, while the communication CP configuration may be associated with 256 additional CP samples at the beginning of a half-subframe. This difference in the length of the additional CPs added at the beginning of a half-subframe can result in a (maximum) misalignment of 214 samples between the first symbol of the sensing CP configuration and the communication CP configuration, within 288 samples of the CP associated with each subsequent symbol. This misalignment is reduced, for example, by 32 samples because the additional CP samples (e.g., additional CP 1001) are added per half-slot for the sensing CP configuration, not for the communication CP configuration.

[0118] Based on the (first) CP length configuration configured at 1112, base station 1102 may transmit and UE 1104 may receive a CP configuration indication 1114 indicating one or more CP length configurations associated with SRS transmission, a dedicated / sensing resource pool, or a dedicated / sensing BWP. Similarly, base station 1102 may transmit and UE 1105 and device 1107 may receive CP configuration indications 1116 and 1113, respectively, indicating one or more CP length configurations associated with SRS transmission, a dedicated / sensing resource pool, or a dedicated / sensing BWP. In some aspects, even if SRS capability indication 1111 (or a similar SRS capability indication received from device 1107) indicates that UE 1105 (or device 1107) supports non-uniform SRS spacing, CP configuration indications 1113 or 1116 may also be sent to device 1107 or UE 1105 to allow UE 1105 and device 1107 (e.g., as receivers) to participate in dual-site sensing operations. In some aspects, CP configuration indication 1114 may be associated with cell-specific configuration (e.g., via SIB configuration) signaling or with group common configuration signaling. In some aspects, CP configuration indication 1114 may include a (first) CP length configuration for the sensing resource pool or sensing BWP to be indicated, while applying a different (second) CP length configuration to the communication resources. In some aspects, CP configuration indication 1113, CP configuration indication 1114, and / or CP configuration indication 1116 may be transmitted via one or more of RRC signaling (Layer 3 signaling), MAC-CE (e.g., Layer 2 signaling), or DCI (e.g., Layer 1 signaling). For example, a dedicated sensing signal resource set (e.g., a periodic resource pool or BWP) may be configured via RRC signaling, and specific SRS transmissions may be scheduled within the configured sensing signal resource set. Alternatively or additionally, multiple candidate sets of sense signal resources can be configured via RRC signaling, specific candidate sets of sense signal resources can be activated via MAC-CE, and specific SRS transmissions can be scheduled within the configured set of sense signal resources. Although two examples of using signaling associated with different layers have been discussed, in some respects, other combinations of Layer 3, Layer 2, and Layer 1 signaling and / or signals can be used.

[0119] Based on CP configuration instructions 1114 and 1116, UE 1104 and UE 1105 can transmit SRS transmission 1118 and SRS transmission 1117 respectively. In some aspects, SRS transmission 1118 can use methods such as those described above. FIG. 4The described FMCW waveform. Alternatively or additionally, in some aspects, the SRS transmission 1118 may use a DFT-s-OFDM or filter bank multicarrier (FBMC) waveform (or modulation scheme). In some aspects, the SRS transmission 1118 may be reflected from device 1107 and object 1109 as reflected SRS 1120 and reflected SRS 1122, respectively. In some aspects, reflected SRS 1120 may be received at each of base station 1102 and UE 1104, while reflected SRS 1122 may be received at each of device 1107, base station 1102, and UE 1104. In some aspects, each device receiving the reflected SRS may calculate at least one value associated with the object from which the reflected SRS transmission 1118 originates. Therefore, UE 1104 and base station 1102 can calculate at least one value (e.g., rate, relative rate, and / or distance) associated with device 1107 and object 1109 at 1128 and 1126 respectively, based on SRS transmission 1118 (e.g., based on knowledge of the CP length configuration configured at 1112 and indicated by CP configuration indication 1114 associated with SRS transmission 1118) and reflected SRS 1120 and 1122. Similarly, device 1107 can calculate at least one value (e.g., rate, relative rate, and / or distance) associated with object 1109 at 1124 based on SRS transmission 1118 (e.g., based on knowledge of the CP length configuration configured at 1112 and indicated by CP configuration indication 1113 associated with SRS transmission 1118) and reflected SRS 1122. Based on the at least one value calculated at 1124 or 1126, device 1107 or base station 1102 may respectively transmit and UE 1104 may respectively receive the calculated value 1125 or the calculated value 1127 (an indication of the value). In some aspects, calculating the at least one value at 1128 may additionally be based on the calculated values ​​1125 and 1127, and may involve the synthesis of at least one value locally calculated based on reflected SRS 1120 and reflected SRS 1122 and the calculated values ​​1125 and / or 1127 received from device 1107 and / or base station 1102, to determine, calculate, or estimate the at least one value associated with each detected object. In addition to the sensing operations associated with SRS transmission 1118, UE 1104 may also support or be configured for communication with base station 1102. Therefore, using the CP configuration associated with communication (e.g., with communication resources or communication BWP), UE 1104 can send (and / or receive) and base station 1102 can receive (and / or send) communication 1130.

[0120] FIG. 12This is a flowchart 1200 of a method for wireless communication associated with sensing operations. The method can be performed by a UE or a wireless device (such as a vehicle UE or another wireless device configured for sensing operations and communication) (e.g., UE 104 or 1104; vehicle UE 504; device 1704). In some aspects, the UE may receive a first indication of a first CP length configuration from a network device. In some aspects, the network device may be a base station, a network entity, or an additional wireless device associated with the UE that configures the first CP length configuration (e.g., another UE communicating with the UE via an SL). The first CP length configuration may be associated with one or more specific SRS transmissions for the UE (e.g., one or more sets of SRS instances each spanning an SRS CPI), or it may be associated with a resource pool or BWP subsequently allocated (e.g., via SRS transmission) to or scheduled for a wireless device performing sensing operations. In some aspects, the first CP length configuration may be one of a UE-specific configuration, a cell-specific configuration, or a group-common configuration. In some respects, the first CP length configuration associated with this SRS differs from the second CP length configuration associated with communication. For example, refer to FIG. 11 UE 1104 can receive from base station 1102 a CP configuration indication 1114 indicating the CP length configuration associated with SRS transmission, dedicated / sensing resource pool or dedicated / sensing BWP.

[0121] In some aspects, the first CP length configuration may be configured to ensure that the set of SRS instances transmitted using or associated with the first CP length configuration is time-equally spaced during the SRS CPI. In some aspects, the first CP length configuration includes an equal-length CP associated with each symbol of the CPI for the SRS spanning multiple time slots. In some aspects, the first CP length configuration includes an ECP associated with the equal-length CP, and the second CP length configuration includes an NCP. For example, refer to... FIG. 8 The first CP length configuration can specify a time slot comprising 12 symbols, each symbol being associated with an equal-length CP (e.g., an equal-length CP comprising 1024 samples).

[0122] In some aspects, the first CP length configuration may be associated with a first CP including a first number of samples at the beginning of the CPI used for the SRS (before the first symbol of the SRS), the first number of samples being different from a second number of samples associated with a second CP included in or associated with a subsequent symbol of the CPI. In some aspects, the first number of samples is based on the duration of the CPI used for the SRS. For example, refer to FIG. 9The first CP may correspond to an additional CP 901 (or CP) for SRS. SRS The additional CP used for SRS may include an integer multiple of the additional CP 921 used for communication (e.g., A first number of samples, the integer multiple of which is based on the length of the resource set associated with the transmission of the sensing signal (e.g., the resources associated with the first CP length configuration). (or the periodicity of periodic resource sets) ).

[0123] In some aspects, the first CP length configuration may include a first CP configuration associated with a first number of samples and a second CP configuration associated with a second number of samples, the first number of samples being less than the second number of samples. In some aspects, the first CP configuration may be associated with a first symbol in each half of each slot associated with the SRS (or the SRS CPI), and the second CP configuration may be associated with the remaining symbols in each slot associated with the SRS (or the SRS CPI). In some aspects, the first CP configuration may be associated with a first symbol in each half of each slot associated with the SRS (or the SRS CPI), and the second CP configuration may be associated with the remaining symbols in each slot associated with the SRS (or the SRS CPI). In some aspects, the first CP configuration may be associated with a first symbol in each cell of a set of cells comprising an integer number of half-slots associated with the SRS (or the SRS CPI), and the second CP configuration may be associated with the remaining symbols in each slot associated with the SRS (or the SRS CPI). For example, refer to... FIG. 10 The first CP configuration can be associated with the first number of samples included in the additional CP 1001, and the second CP configuration can be associated with the second number of samples included in the NCP 1005.

[0124] At position 1206, the UE can use this first CP length configuration to send SRS. For example, position 1206 can be... FIG. 17The application processor 1706, cellular baseband processor 1724, transceiver 1722, antenna 1780, and / or CP component 198 for joint sensing and communication are executed. In some aspects, the first CP length configuration associated with the SRS differs from the second CP length configuration associated with communication. In some aspects, the SRS can be transmitted at 1206 using an FMCW. In some aspects, the SRS transmitted at 1206 includes a set of SRS instances associated with a first periodicity and spanning an SRS CPI comprising multiple time slots. In some aspects, the SRS can be transmitted via a resource pool dedicated to, configured for, or indicated for at least one SRS transmission, or a BWP dedicated to, configured for, or indicated for at least one SRS transmission. For example, refer to... FIG. 9 and FIG. 11 UE1104 can use the CP length configuration associated with SRS transmission based on CP configuration indication 1114 to transmit SRS transmission 1118 via a dedicated / sensing resource pool or a dedicated / sensing BWP (e.g., SRS resource 960).

[0125] At 1208, the UE can receive the reflected SRS based on the transmission of the SRS. For example, 1208 can be... FIG. 17 The application processor 1706, cellular baseband processor 1724, transceiver 1722, antenna 1780, and / or CP component 198 for joint sensing and communication are executed. In some aspects, the received reflected SRS can be reflected from objects in the UE's environment. For example, reference FIG. 11 UE 1104 can receive reflected SRS 1120 and reflected SRS 1122 based on SRS transmission 1118 reflected from device 1107 and object 1109 respectively.

[0126] In some aspects, the UE may also receive an indication of at least one value associated with at least one corresponding object in the environment of the wireless device based on the SRS. In some aspects, the indication of the at least one value associated with the corresponding at least one object in the environment of the wireless device may be received from another network device (e.g., a base station or a sensing-capable UE), which receives a reflection of the SRS transmitted at 1206 and, based on knowledge of the first CP length configuration (and, in some aspects, the resources allocated for the SRS transmitted at 1206), calculates the at least one value associated with the corresponding at least one object based on the reflected SRS it received, which is then transmitted for reception at the UE at 1210. For example, refer to... FIG. 11UE 1104 can receive calculated values ​​1125 and 1127 about device 1107 and object 1109 from device 1107 and base station 1102 respectively based on SRS transmission 1118 (as well as reflected SRS 1120 and reflected SRS 1122).

[0127] Based on the reflected SRS (and in some aspects, the indication of the at least one value associated with the corresponding at least one object in the environment of the wireless device), the UE can calculate at least one value associated with the corresponding at least one object in the environment of the wireless device based on the SRS and the reflected SRS. In some aspects, calculating the at least one value may include calculating at least one of a rate, relative rate, distance, and / or relative position associated with the corresponding at least one object. In some aspects, the calculation may be based on the Doppler shift of the frequency of the reflected SRS. In some aspects, the calculation may also be based on the indication of the at least one value associated with the corresponding at least one object received from another network device. For example, refer to... FIG. 13 UE 1104 may calculate the at least one value at 1128, wherein the calculation of the at least one value may be based on SRS transmission 1118, reflected SRS 1120 and / or reflected SRS 1122, and may also be based on calculated values ​​1125 and 1127 received from device 1107 and base station 1102 respectively regarding device 1107 and object 1109.

[0128] FIG. 11 This is a flowchart 1300 of a method for wireless communication associated with sensing operations. The method can be performed by a UE or a wireless device (such as a vehicle UE or another wireless device configured for sensing operations and communication) (e.g., UE 104 or 1104; vehicle UE 504; device 1704). In some aspects, the UE may receive a first indication of a first CP length configuration from a network device. In some aspects, the network device may be a base station, a network entity, or an additional wireless device associated with the UE that configures the first CP length configuration (e.g., another UE communicating with the UE via an SL). The first CP length configuration may be associated with one or more specific SRS transmissions for the UE (e.g., one or more sets of SRS instances each spanning an SRS CPI), or it may be associated with a resource pool or BWP subsequently allocated (e.g., via SRS transmission) to or scheduled for a wireless device performing sensing operations. In some aspects, the first CP length configuration may be one of a UE-specific configuration, a cell-specific configuration, or a group-common configuration. In some respects, the first CP length configuration associated with this SRS differs from the second CP length configuration associated with communication. For example, refer to FIG. 8UE 1104 can receive from base station 1102 a CP configuration indication 1114 indicating the CP length configuration associated with SRS transmission, dedicated / sensing resource pool or dedicated / sensing BWP.

[0129] In some aspects, the first CP length configuration may be configured to ensure that the set of SRS instances transmitted using or associated with the first CP length configuration is time-equally spaced during the SRS CPI. In some aspects, the first CP length configuration includes an equal-length CP associated with each symbol of the CPI for the SRS spanning multiple time slots. In some aspects, the first CP length configuration includes an ECP associated with the equal-length CP, and the second CP length configuration includes an NCP. For example, refer to... FIG. 9 The first CP length configuration can specify a time slot comprising 12 symbols, each symbol being associated with an equal-length CP (e.g., an equal-length CP comprising 64 samples).

[0130] In some aspects, the first CP length configuration may be associated with a first CP including a first number of samples at the beginning of the CPI used for the SRS (before the first symbol of the SRS), the first number of samples being different from a second number of samples associated with a second CP included in or associated with a subsequent symbol of the CPI. In some aspects, the first number of samples is based on the duration of the CPI used for the SRS. For example, refer to FIG. 10 The first CP may correspond to an additional CP 901 (or CP) for SRS. SRS The additional CP used for SRS may include an integer multiple of the additional CP 921 used for communication (e.g., A first number of samples, the integer multiple of which is based on the length of the resource set associated with the transmission of the sensing signal (e.g., the resources associated with the first CP length configuration). (or the periodicity of periodic resource sets) ).

[0131] In some aspects, the first CP length configuration may include a first CP configuration associated with a first number of samples and a second CP configuration associated with a second number of samples, the first number of samples being less than the second number of samples. In some aspects, the first CP configuration may be associated with a first symbol in each half of each slot associated with the SRS (or the SRS CPI), and the second CP configuration may be associated with the remaining symbols in each slot associated with the SRS (or the SRS CPI). In some aspects, the first CP configuration may be associated with a first symbol in each half of each slot associated with the SRS (or the SRS CPI), and the second CP configuration may be associated with the remaining symbols in each slot associated with the SRS (or the SRS CPI). In some aspects, the first CP configuration may be associated with a first symbol in each cell of a set of cells comprising an integer number of half-slots associated with the SRS (or the SRS CPI), and the second CP configuration may be associated with the remaining symbols in each slot associated with the SRS (or the SRS CPI). For example, refer to... FIG. 17 The first CP configuration can be associated with the first number of samples included in the additional CP 1001, and the second CP configuration can be associated with the second number of samples included in the NCP 1005.

[0132] At position 1306, the UE can use this first CP length configuration to send SRS. For example, position 1306 can be... FIG. 9 The application processor 1706, cellular baseband processor 1724, transceiver 1722, antenna 1780, and / or CP component 198 for joint sensing and communication are executed. In some aspects, the first CP length configuration associated with the SRS differs from the second CP length configuration associated with communication. In some aspects, the SRS can be transmitted at 1306 using an FMCW. In some aspects, the SRS transmitted at 1306 includes a set of SRS instances associated with a first periodicity and spanning an SRS CPI comprising multiple time slots. In some aspects, the SRS can be transmitted via a resource pool dedicated to, configured for, or indicated for at least one SRS transmission, or a BWP dedicated to, configured for, or indicated for at least one SRS transmission. For example, refer to... FIG. 11 and FIG. 17 UE1104 can use the CP length configuration associated with SRS transmission based on CP configuration indication 1114 to transmit SRS transmission 1118 via a dedicated / sensing resource pool or a dedicated / sensing BWP (e.g., SRS resource 960).

[0133] At 1310, the UE can receive, based on the SRS, an indication of at least one value associated with at least one corresponding object in the environment of the wireless device. For example, 1310 can be... FIG. 11 The application processor 1706, cellular baseband processor 1724, transceiver 1722, antenna 1780, and / or CP component 198 for joint sensing and communication are executed. In some aspects, the at least one value may include at least one of rate, relative rate, distance, and / or relative position associated with the corresponding at least one object. In some aspects, the indication of the at least one value associated with the corresponding at least one object in the environment of the wireless device may be received from another network device (e.g., a base station or a sensing-capable UE), which receives a reflection of the SRS transmitted at 1306 and calculates the at least one value associated with the corresponding at least one object based on its knowledge of the first CP length configuration (and, in some aspects, the resources allocated for the SRS transmitted at 1306), the reflected SRS which is then transmitted for reception at the UE at 1310. In some aspects, based on the received indication of the at least one value associated with the corresponding at least one object in the environment of the wireless device, the UE can calculate or estimate at least one of the following: rate, relative rate, distance, and / or relative position associated with the corresponding at least one object. For example, referring to... FIG. 14 UE 1104 may receive calculated values ​​1125 and 1127 about device 1107 and object 1109 respectively from device 1107 and base station 1102 based on SRS transmission 1118 (and reflected SRS 1120 and reflected SRS 1122), and may calculate at least one value based on calculated values ​​1125 and 1127 at 1128.

[0134] FIG. 17 This is a flowchart 1400 of a method for wireless communication associated with sensing operations. This method can be performed by a UE or a wireless device (such as a vehicle UE or another wireless device configured for sensing operations and communication) (e.g., UE 104 or 1104; vehicle UE 504; device 1704). At 1402, the UE can send an indication to a network device regarding its capability to perform sensing operations based on unequal-interval SRS instances. For example, 1402 can be performed by… FIG. 11The application processor 1706, cellular baseband processor 1724, transceiver 1722, antenna 1780, and / or CP component 198 for joint sensing and communication are executed. This indication may indicate that the wireless device does not support the sensing operation based on unequal-spaced SRS instances. For example, in some aspects, the UE may not be configured to perform the more complex processing associated with unequal-spaced SRS instances (or non-uniform SRS intervals). For example, refer to... FIG. 17 UE 1104 can send and base station 1102 can receive an SRS capability indication 1110 indicating that UE 1104 (e.g., the wireless device) does not support (or is not configured to perform) sensing operations based on unequal interval SRS instances (e.g., non-uniform SRS intervals).

[0135] At point 1404, the UE can receive a first indication of the first CP length configuration from the network device. For example, point 1404 can be... FIG. 11 The application processor 1706, cellular baseband processor 1724, transceiver 1722, antenna 1780, and / or CP component 198 for joint sensing and communication are executed. In some aspects, the network device may be a base station, a network entity, or an additional radio device (e.g., another UE communicating with the UE via an SL) associated with the UE and configured with the first CP length configuration. The first CP length configuration may be associated with one or more specific SRS transmissions for the UE (e.g., one or more sets of SRS instances each spanning an SRS CPI), or may be associated with a resource pool or BWP subsequently allocated (e.g., via SRS transmission) to or scheduled for a radio device performing sensing operations. In some aspects, the first CP length configuration may be one of a UE-specific configuration, a cell-specific configuration, or a group common configuration. In some aspects, the first CP length configuration associated with the SRS differs from the second CP length configuration associated with communication. For example, refer to... FIG. 8 UE 1104 can receive from base station 1102 a CP configuration indication 1114 indicating the CP length configuration associated with SRS transmission, dedicated / sensing resource pool or dedicated / sensing BWP.

[0136] In some aspects, the first CP length configuration may be configured to ensure that the set of SRS instances transmitted using or associated with the first CP length configuration is time-equally spaced during the SRS CPI. In some aspects, the first CP length configuration includes an equal-length CP associated with each symbol of the CPI for the SRS spanning multiple time slots. In some aspects, the first CP length configuration includes an ECP associated with the equal-length CP, and the second CP length configuration includes an NCP. For example, refer to... FIG. 9The first CP length configuration can specify a time slot comprising 12 symbols, each symbol being associated with an equal-length CP (e.g., an equal-length CP comprising 1024 samples).

[0137] In some aspects, the first CP length configuration may be associated with a first CP including a first number of samples at the beginning of the CPI used for the SRS (before the first symbol of the SRS), the first number of samples being different from a second number of samples associated with a second CP included in or associated with a subsequent symbol of the CPI. In some aspects, the first number of samples is based on the duration of the CPI used for the SRS. For example, refer to FIG. 10 The first CP may correspond to an additional CP 901 (or CP) for SRS. SRS The additional CP used for SRS may include an integer multiple of the additional CP 921 used for communication (e.g., A first number of samples, the integer multiple of which is based on the length of the resource set associated with the transmission of the sensing signal (e.g., the resources associated with the first CP length configuration). (or the periodicity of periodic resource sets) ).

[0138] In some aspects, the first CP length configuration may include a first CP configuration associated with a first number of samples and a second CP configuration associated with a second number of samples, the first number of samples being less than the second number of samples. In some aspects, the first CP configuration may be associated with a first symbol in each half of each slot associated with the SRS (or the SRS CPI), and the second CP configuration may be associated with the remaining symbols in each slot associated with the SRS (or the SRS CPI). In some aspects, the first CP configuration may be associated with a first symbol in each half of each slot associated with the SRS (or the SRS CPI), and the second CP configuration may be associated with the remaining symbols in each slot associated with the SRS (or the SRS CPI). In some aspects, the first CP configuration may be associated with a first symbol in each cell of a set of cells comprising an integer number of half-slots associated with the SRS (or the SRS CPI), and the second CP configuration may be associated with the remaining symbols in each slot associated with the SRS (or the SRS CPI). For example, refer to... FIG. 17 The first CP configuration can be associated with the first number of samples included in the additional CP 1001, and the second CP configuration can be associated with the second number of samples included in the NCP 1005.

[0139] At position 1406, the UE can use this first CP length configuration to send SRS. For example, position 1406 can be... FIG. 9 The application processor 1706, cellular baseband processor 1724, transceiver 1722, antenna 1780, and / or CP component 198 for joint sensing and communication are executed. In some aspects, the first CP length configuration associated with the SRS differs from the second CP length configuration associated with communication. In some aspects, the SRS can be transmitted at 1406 using an FMCW. In some aspects, the SRS transmitted at 1406 includes a set of SRS instances associated with a first periodicity and spanning an SRS CPI comprising multiple time slots. In some aspects, the SRS can be transmitted via a resource pool dedicated to, configured for, or indicated for at least one SRS transmission, or a BWP dedicated to, configured for, or indicated for at least one SRS transmission. For example, refer to... FIG. 11 and FIG. 17 UE1104 can use the CP length configuration associated with SRS transmission based on CP configuration indication 1114 to transmit SRS transmission 1118 via a dedicated / sensing resource pool or a dedicated / sensing BWP (e.g., SRS resource 960).

[0140] At 1408, the UE can receive the reflected SRS based on the transmission of the SRS. For example, 1408 can be... FIG. 11 The application processor 1706, cellular baseband processor 1724, transceiver 1722, antenna 1780, and / or CP component 198 for joint sensing and communication are executed. In some aspects, the received reflected SRS can be reflected from objects in the UE's environment. For example, reference FIG. 17 UE 1104 can receive reflected SRS 1120 and reflected SRS 1122 based on SRS transmission 1118 reflected from device 1107 and object 1109 respectively.

[0141] At 1410, the UE can receive, based on the SRS, an indication of at least one value associated with at least one corresponding object in the environment of the wireless device. For example, 1410 can be... FIG. 11The application processor 1706, cellular baseband processor 1724, transceiver 1722, antenna 1780, and / or CP component 198 for joint sensing and communication are executed. In some aspects, the at least one value may include at least one of rate, relative rate, distance, and / or relative position associated with the corresponding at least one object. In some aspects, the indication of the at least one value associated with the corresponding at least one object in the environment of the wireless device may be received from another network device (e.g., a base station or a sensing-capable UE), which receives a reflection of the SRS transmitted at 1406 and calculates the at least one value associated with the corresponding at least one object based on its knowledge of the first CP length configuration (and, in some aspects, the resources allocated for the SRS transmitted at 1406), based on the reflected SRS it receives, which is then transmitted for reception at the UE at 1410. For example, refer to FIG. 17 UE 1104 can receive calculated values ​​1125 and 1127 about device 1107 and object 1109 from device 1107 and base station 1102 respectively based on SRS transmission 1118 (as well as reflected SRS 1120 and reflected SRS 1122).

[0142] Finally, at 1412, the UE can calculate at least one value associated with at least one corresponding object in the environment of the wireless device based on the SRS and the reflected SRS. For example, 1412 can be... FIG. 11 The application processor 1706, the cellular baseband processor 1724, and / or the CP component 198 for joint sensing and communication are executed. In some aspects, calculating the at least one value may include calculating at least one of a rate, relative rate, distance, and / or relative position associated with the corresponding at least one object. The calculation may be based on the Doppler frequency shift of the reflected SRS frequency. In some aspects, the calculation may also be based on an indication of at least one value associated with the corresponding at least one object received from another network device. For example, refer to... FIG. 15 UE 1104 may calculate the at least one value at 1128, wherein the calculation of the at least one value may be based on SRS transmission 1118, reflected SRS 1120 and / or reflected SRS 1122, and may also be based on calculated values ​​1125 and 1127 received from device 1107 and base station 1102 respectively regarding device 1107 and object 1109.

[0143] FIG. 11This is a flowchart 1500 of a method for wireless communication associated with sensing operations. The method can be performed by a network device (such as a base station, a vehicle UE, or a UE) (e.g., base station 102 or 1102; network device 512; vehicle UE 511; device 1107; UEs 513, 1105; network entities 1702, 1802, 1960). In some aspects, the first wireless device may transmit SRS using a first CP length configuration associated with sensing signal transmission, sensing operations, or sensing resources. In some aspects, FMCW may be used to transmit the SRS. In some aspects, the SRS includes a set of SRS instances associated with a first periodicity and spanning an SRS CPI comprising multiple time slots. The first CP length configuration may be associated with or configured for one or more specific SRS transmissions for the wireless device (e.g., one or more sets of SRS instances each spanning an SRS CPI), or may be associated with a resource pool or BWP subsequently allocated to (e.g., via SRS transmission) a wireless device performing a sensing operation or scheduled for that wireless device. In some respects, the first CP length configuration can be one of a UE-specific configuration, a cell-specific configuration, or a group-common configuration. In some respects, the first CP length configuration associated with the SRS differs from the second CP length configuration associated with communication. For example, refer to... FIG. 8 to FIG. 10 Base station 1102 can be configured at 1112 with a (first) CP length configuration for UE 1104 (and a third CP length configuration for UE 1105) (e.g., regarding...). FIG. 8 One of the described CP configurations), the (first) CP length configuration, is associated with the distribution of CP among subframes, half-frames, time slots and / or symbols associated with the transmission of sensing signals.

[0144] In some aspects, the first CP length configuration may be configured to ensure that the set of SRS instances transmitted using or associated with the first CP length configuration is time-equally spaced during the SRS CPI. In some aspects, the first CP length configuration includes an equal-length CP associated with each symbol of the CPI for the SRS spanning multiple time slots. In some aspects, the first CP length configuration includes an ECP associated with the equal-length CP, and the second CP length configuration includes an NCP. For example, refer to... FIG. 9 The first CP length configuration can specify a time slot comprising 12 symbols, each symbol being associated with an equal-length CP (e.g., an equal-length CP comprising 1024 samples).

[0145] In some aspects, the first CP length configuration may be associated with a first CP including a first number of samples at the beginning of the CPI used for the SRS (before the first symbol of the SRS), the first number of samples being different from a second number of samples associated with a second CP included in or associated with a subsequent symbol of the CPI. In some aspects, the first number of samples is based on the duration of the CPI used for the SRS. For example, refer to FIG. 10 The first CP may correspond to an additional CP 901 (or CP) for SRS. SRS The additional CP used for SRS may include an integer multiple of the additional CP 921 used for communication (e.g., A first number of samples, the integer multiple of which is based on the length of the resource set associated with the transmission of the sensing signal (e.g., the resources associated with the first CP length configuration). (or the periodicity of periodic resource sets) ).

[0146] In some aspects, the first CP length configuration may include a first CP configuration associated with a first number of samples and a second CP configuration associated with a second number of samples, the first number of samples being less than the second number of samples. In some aspects, the first CP configuration may be associated with a first symbol in each half of each slot associated with the SRS (or the SRS CPI), and the second CP configuration may be associated with the remaining symbols in each slot associated with the SRS (or the SRS CPI). In some aspects, the first CP configuration may be associated with a first symbol in each half of each slot associated with the SRS (or the SRS CPI), and the second CP configuration may be associated with the remaining symbols in each slot associated with the SRS (or the SRS CPI). In some aspects, the first CP configuration may be associated with a first symbol in each cell of a set of cells comprising an integer number of half-slots associated with the SRS (or the SRS CPI), and the second CP configuration may be associated with the remaining symbols in each slot associated with the SRS (or the SRS CPI). For example, refer to... FIG. 18 The first CP configuration can be associated with the first number of samples included in the additional CP 1001, and the second CP configuration can be associated with the second number of samples included in the NCP 1005.

[0147] At point 1508, the network device can receive reflected SRS. For example, 1508 can be... FIG. 19 and FIG. 11The CU processor 1812, DU processor 1832, RU processor 1842, transceiver 1846, antenna 1880, network processor 1912, network interface 1980, and / or CP component 199 for joint sensing and communication are executed. In some aspects, the reflected SRS may be based on the SRS transmitted by the wireless device. In some aspects, the received reflected SRS may be reflected from objects in the environment of the network device (and the wireless device). For example, refer to FIG. 11 The base station 1102 (or device 1107) can receive reflected SRS 1120 and reflected SRS 1122 (or reflected SRS 1122) based on SRS transmission 1118 reflected from device 1107 and object 1109 respectively.

[0148] The network device can calculate at least one value associated with at least one corresponding object in the environment of the wireless device based on the reflected SRS. In some aspects, calculating the at least one value may include calculating at least one of a rate, relative rate, distance, and / or relative position associated with the corresponding at least one object. This calculation may be based on the Doppler shift of the frequency of the reflected SRS. For example, referencing... FIG. 18 The base station 1102 (or device 1107) may calculate the at least one value at 1126 (or at 1124), wherein the calculation of the at least one value may be based on SRS transmission 1118, reflected SRS 1120 and / or reflected SRS 1122.

[0149] At 1512, the network device can send an indication to the wireless device, based on the reflected SRS, of the at least one value associated with the corresponding at least one object in the environment of the wireless device. For example, 1512 can be... FIG. 19 and FIG. 11 The CU processor 1812, DU processor 1832, RU processor 1842, transceiver 1846, antenna 1880, network processor 1912, network interface 1980, and / or CP component 199 for joint sensing and communication are executed. In some aspects, the at least one value may include at least one of rate, relative rate, distance, and / or relative position associated with the corresponding at least one object. In some aspects, the indication of the at least one value associated with the corresponding at least one object in the environment of the wireless device may be sent to the wireless device transmitting the SRS. For example, refer to FIG. 16 Base station 1102 (and device 1107) can transmit calculated values ​​1127 (and calculated values ​​1125) about device 1107 and object 1109 based on SRS transmission 1118 (and reflected SRS 1120 and reflected SRS 1122).

[0150] FIG. 18 This is a flowchart 1600 of a method for wireless communication associated with sensing operations. This method can be performed by a network device (such as a base station, vehicle UE, or UE) (e.g., base station 102 or 1102; network device 512; vehicle UE 511; device 1107; UEs 513, 1105; network entities 1702, 1802, 1960). At 1602, the network device can receive from a wireless device an indication of its capability to perform sensing operations based on unequal-interval SRS instances, which the wireless device does not support (or is not configured to perform). For example, 1602 can be performed by… FIG. 19 and FIG. 11 The CU processor 1812, DU processor 1832, RU processor 1842, transceiver 1846, antenna 1880, network processor 1912, network interface 1980, and / or CP component 199 for joint sensing and communication are executed. In some aspects, the UE may not be configured to perform more complex processing associated with unequal-spaced SRS instances (or non-uniform SRS spacing). For example, refer to... FIG. 18 UE 1104 can send and base station 1102 can receive an SRS capability indication 1110 indicating that UE 1104 (e.g., the wireless device) does not support (or is not configured to perform) sensing operations based on unequal interval SRS instances (e.g., non-uniform SRS intervals).

[0151] At 1604, the network device can configure the CP length configuration set based on this (capability) indication. For example, 1604 can be configured by... FIG. 19 and FIG. 11The CU processor 1812, DU processor 1832, RU processor 1842, transceiver 1846, antenna 1880, network processor 1912, network interface 1980, and / or CP component 199 for joint sensing and communication are executed. In some aspects, the CP length configuration set includes a first CP length configuration associated with a first radio device and may also include a third CP length configuration associated with a second radio device. The third CP length configuration may be largely independent of the first CP length configuration, but in some aspects, the following discussion of the first CP length applies to both the first CP length configuration and the third CP length configuration. The first CP length configuration may be associated with or configured for one or more specific SRS transmissions for the radio device (e.g., one or more sets of SRS instances each spanning an SRS CPI), or may be associated with a resource pool or BWP subsequently allocated (e.g., via SRS transmission) to or scheduled for the radio device to perform sensing operations. In some aspects, the first CP length configuration may be one of a UE-specific configuration, a cell-specific configuration, or a group common configuration. In some respects, the first CP length configuration associated with this SRS differs from the second CP length configuration associated with communication. For example, refer to FIG. 8 to FIG. 10 Base station 1102 can be configured at 1112 with a (first) CP length configuration for UE 1104 (and a third CP length configuration for UE 1105) (e.g., regarding...). FIG. 8 One of the described CP configurations), the (first) CP length configuration, is associated with the distribution of CP among subframes, half-frames, time slots and / or symbols associated with the transmission of sensing signals.

[0152] In some aspects, the first CP length configuration may be configured to ensure that the set of SRS instances transmitted using or associated with the first CP length configuration is time-equally spaced during the SRS CPI. In some aspects, the first CP length configuration includes an equal-length CP associated with each symbol of the CPI for the SRS spanning multiple time slots. In some aspects, the first CP length configuration includes an ECP associated with the equal-length CP, and the second CP length configuration includes an NCP. For example, refer to... FIG. 9 The first CP length configuration can specify a time slot comprising 12 symbols, each symbol being associated with an equal-length CP (e.g., an equal-length CP comprising 1024 samples).

[0153] In some aspects, the first CP length configuration may be associated with a first CP including a first number of samples at the beginning of the CPI used for the SRS (before the first symbol of the SRS), the first number of samples being different from a second number of samples associated with a second CP included in or associated with a subsequent symbol of the CPI. In some aspects, the first number of samples is based on the duration of the CPI used for the SRS. For example, refer to FIG. 10 The first CP may correspond to an additional CP 901 (or CP) for SRS. SRS The additional CP used for SRS may include an integer multiple of the additional CP 921 used for communication (e.g., A first number of samples, the integer multiple of which is based on the length of the resource set associated with the transmission of the sensing signal (e.g., the resources associated with the first CP length configuration). (or the periodicity of periodic resource sets) ).

[0154] In some aspects, the first CP length configuration may include a first CP configuration associated with a first number of samples and a second CP configuration associated with a second number of samples, the first number of samples being less than the second number of samples. In some aspects, the first CP configuration may be associated with a first symbol in each half of each slot associated with the SRS (or the SRS CPI), and the second CP configuration may be associated with the remaining symbols in each slot associated with the SRS (or the SRS CPI). In some aspects, the first CP configuration may be associated with a first symbol in each half of each slot associated with the SRS (or the SRS CPI), and the second CP configuration may be associated with the remaining symbols in each slot associated with the SRS (or the SRS CPI). In some aspects, the first CP configuration may be associated with a first symbol in each cell of a set of cells comprising an integer number of half-slots associated with the SRS (or the SRS CPI), and the second CP configuration may be associated with the remaining symbols in each slot associated with the SRS (or the SRS CPI). For example, refer to... FIG. 18 The first CP configuration can be associated with the first number of samples included in the additional CP 1001, and the second CP configuration can be associated with the second number of samples included in the NCP 1005.

[0155] At point 1606, the network device can send an indication to at least the first wireless device of the CP length configuration set. For example, 1606 can be... FIG. 19 and FIG. 11The CU processor 1812, DU processor 1832, RU processor 1842, transceiver 1846, antenna 1880, network processor 1912, network interface 1980, and / or CP component 199 for joint sensing and communication are executed. In some aspects, the network device may send the first CP length configuration to the first wireless device and / or may send the third CP length configuration to the second wireless device. For example, refer to... FIG. 18 Base station 1102 may transmit and UE 1104 and / or UE 1105 may receive CP configuration indication 1114 and / or CP configuration indication 1116 respectively, indicating one or more CP length configurations associated with SRS transmission, dedicated / sensing resource pool or dedicated / sensing BWP.

[0156] In some aspects, the first wireless device may use the first CP length configuration to transmit the SRS. In some aspects, FMCW may be used to transmit the SRS. In some aspects, the SRS includes a set of SRS instances associated with a first periodicity and spanning an SRS CPI comprising multiple time slots. At 1608, the network device may receive reflected SRS. For example, 1608 may be... FIG. 19 and FIG. 11 The CU processor 1812, DU processor 1832, RU processor 1842, transceiver 1846, antenna 1880, network processor 1912, network interface 1980, and / or CP component 199 for joint sensing and communication are executed. In some aspects, the reflected SRS may be based on the SRS transmitted by the wireless device. In some aspects, the received reflected SRS may be reflected from objects in the environment of the network device (and the wireless device). For example, refer to FIG. 18 The base station 1102 (or device 1107) can receive reflected SRS 1120 and reflected SRS 1122 (or reflected SRS 1122) based on SRS transmission 1118 reflected from device 1107 and object 1109 respectively.

[0157] At 1610, the network device can calculate at least one value associated with at least one corresponding object in the environment of the wireless device based on the reflected SRS. For example, 1610 can be derived from... FIG. 19 and FIG. 11 The CU processor 1812, DU processor 1832, RU processor 1842, network processor 1912, and / or CP component 199 for joint sensing and communication are executed. In some aspects, calculating the at least one value may include calculating at least one of a rate, relative rate, distance, and / or relative position associated with the corresponding at least one object. The calculation may be based on the Doppler frequency shift of the reflected SRS frequency. For example, referring to...FIG. 18 The base station 1102 (or device 1107) may calculate the at least one value at 1126 (or at 1124), wherein the calculation of the at least one value may be based on SRS transmission 1118, reflected SRS 1120 and / or reflected SRS 1122.

[0158] At 1612, the network device can send an indication to the wireless device, based on the reflected SRS, of the at least one value associated with the corresponding at least one object in the environment of the wireless device. For example, 1612 can be... FIG. 19 and FIG. 11 The CU processor 1812, DU processor 1832, RU processor 1842, transceiver 1846, antenna 1880, network processor 1912, network interface 1980, and / or CP component 199 for joint sensing and communication are executed. In some aspects, the at least one value may include at least one of rate, relative rate, distance, and / or relative position associated with the corresponding at least one object. In some aspects, the indication of the at least one value associated with the corresponding at least one object in the environment of the wireless device may be sent to the wireless device transmitting the SRS. For example, refer to FIG. 17 Base station 1102 (and device 1107) can transmit calculated values ​​1127 (and calculated values ​​1125) about device 1107 and object 1109 based on SRS transmission 1118 (and reflected SRS 1120 and reflected SRS 1122).

[0159] FIG. 3 Figure 1700 illustrates an example of a specific hardware implementation for device 1704. Device 1704 may be a UE, a component of a UE, or implement UE functionality. In some aspects, device 1704 may include a cellular baseband processor 1724 (also referred to as a modem) coupled to one or more transceivers 1722 (e.g., cellular RF transceivers). Cellular baseband processor 1724 may include on-chip memory 1724'. In some aspects, device 1704 may also include one or more Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) cards 1720 and an application processor 1706 coupled to a Secure Digital Card (SD) card 1708 and a screen 1710. Application processor 1706 may include on-chip memory 1706'. In some aspects, device 1704 may also include Bluetooth. ™Module 1712, WLAN module 1714, SPS module 1716 (e.g., GNSS module), one or more sensor modules 1718 (e.g., atmospheric pressure sensor / altimeter; motion sensor, such as inertial measurement unit (IMU), gyroscope and / or accelerometer; light detection and ranging (LIDAR), radio-assisted detection and ranging (RADAR), sound navigation and ranging (SONAR), magnetometer, audio and / or other technologies for positioning), additional memory module 1726, power supply 1730 and / or camera 1732. Bluetooth. ™ Modules 1712, WLAN module 1714, and SPS module 1716 may include an on-chip transceiver (TRX) (or, in some cases, only a receiver (RX)). Bluetooth ™ Modules 1712, WLAN module 1714, and SPS module 1716 may include their own dedicated antennas and / or communicate using one or more antennas 1780. Cellular baseband processor 1724 communicates with UE 104 and / or with RUs associated with network entity 1702 via transceiver 1722 through one or more antennas 1780. Cellular baseband processor 1724 and application processor 1706 may each include computer-readable media / memory 1724', 1706', respectively. An additional memory module 1726 may also be considered a computer-readable media / memory. Each computer-readable media / memory 1724', 1706', 1726 may be non-transitory. Cellular baseband processor 1724 and application processor 1706 are each responsible for general processing, including executing software stored on the computer-readable media / memory. This software, when executed by cellular baseband processor 1724 / application processor 1706, causes cellular baseband processor 1724 / application processor 1706 to perform the various functions described above. The computer-readable medium / memory can also be used to store data manipulated by the cellular baseband processor 1724 / application processor 1706 during software execution. The cellular baseband processor 1724 / application processor 1706 may be a component of the UE 350 and may include memory 360 and / or at least one of TX processor 368, RX processor 356, and controller / processor 359. In one configuration, device 1704 may be a processor chip (modem and / or application) and includes only the cellular baseband processor 1724 and / or application processor 1706; in another configuration, device 1704 may be the entire UE (e.g., see...). FIG. 12 to FIG. 14 The UE 350 includes an additional module of the device 1704.

[0160] As discussed above, the CP component 198 for joint sensing and communication can be configured to transmit SRS using a first CP length configuration, wherein the first CP length configuration differs from a second CP length configuration associated with communication. The CP component 198 for joint sensing and communication can also be configured to receive reflected SRS based on the transmission of the SRS. The CP component 198 for joint sensing and communication can also be configured to receive an indication of at least one value associated with at least one corresponding object in the environment of the wireless device based on the SRS. The CP component 198 for joint sensing and communication can be within the cellular baseband processor 1724, the application processor 1706, or both the cellular baseband processor 1724 and the application processor 1706. The CP component 198 for joint sensing and communication can be one or more hardware components specifically configured to perform stated processes / algorithms, implemented by one or more processors configured to perform stated processes / algorithms, stored in a computer-readable medium for implementation by one or more processors, or some combination thereof. As shown, the device 1704 can include a variety of components configured for various functions. In one configuration, device 1704 (and specifically cellular baseband processor 1724 and / or application processor 1706) may include components for transmitting SRS using a first CP length configuration, wherein the first CP length configuration differs from a second CP length configuration associated with the communication. In some aspects, device 1704 (and specifically cellular baseband processor 1724 and / or application processor 1706) may include components for receiving reflected SRS based on the transmission of the SRS. In some aspects, device 1704 (and specifically cellular baseband processor 1724 and / or application processor 1706) may include components for receiving an indication of at least one value associated with at least one corresponding object in the environment of the wireless device based on the SRS. In some aspects, device 1704 (and specifically cellular baseband processor 1724 and / or application processor 1706) may include components for calculating at least one value associated with at least one corresponding object in the environment of the wireless device based on the SRS and the reflected SRS. In some aspects, device 1704 (and specifically cellular baseband processor 1724 and / or application processor 1706) may include components for receiving a first indication of the first CP length configuration from a network device, wherein the wireless device is associated with a vehicle. In some aspects, device 1704 (and specifically cellular baseband processor 1724 and / or application processor 1706) may include components for transmitting a second indication to the network device that the wireless device does not support sensing operation based on unequal-interval SRS instances, wherein the first indication of the first CP length configuration is received based on the second indication.The component may be a CP component 198 of device 1704 configured to perform the functions described therein for joint sensing and communication. As described above, device 1704 may include a TX processor 368, an RX processor 356, and a controller / processor 359. Therefore, in one configuration, the component may be configured to perform the functions described therein or as per the description. FIG. 18 The functions described are TX processor 368, RX processor 356 and / or controller / processor 359.

[0161] FIG. 15 Figure 1800 illustrates an example of a hardware implementation for network entity 1802. Network entity 1802 may be a BS, a component of a BS, or implement BS functionality. Network entity 1802 may include at least one of CU 1810, DU 1830, or RU 1840. For example, depending on the layer functionality handled by component 199, network entity 1802 may include CU 1810; both CU 1810 and DU 1830; each of CU 1810, DU 1830, and RU 1840; DU 1830; both DU 1830 and RU 1840; or RU 1840. CU 1810 may include CU processor 1812. CU processor 1812 may include on-chip memory 1812'. In some aspects, CU 1810 may also include additional memory module 1814 and communication interface 1818. CU 1810 communicates with DU 1830 via a midhaul link (such as an F1 interface). DU 1830 may include a DU processor 1832. DU processor 1832 may include on-chip memory 1832'. In some aspects, DU 1830 may also include an additional memory module 1834 and a communication interface 1838. DU 1830 communicates with RU 1840 via a fronthaul link. RU 1840 may include an RU processor 1842. RU processor 1842 may include on-chip memory 1842'. In some aspects, RU 1840 may also include an additional memory module 1844, one or more transceivers 1846, one or more antennas 1880, and a communication interface 1848. RU 1840 communicates with UE 104. On-chip memories 1812', 1832', 1842' and additional memory modules 1814, 1834, 1844 can each be considered as computer-readable media / memory. Each computer-readable medium / memory can be non-transitory. Each of processors 1812, 1832, 1842 is responsible for general processing, including executing software stored on the computer-readable medium / memory. When executed by the corresponding processor, the software causes that processor to perform the various functions described above. The computer-readable medium / memory can also be used to store data manipulated by the processor when executing the software.

[0162] As discussed above, the CP component 199 for joint sensing and communication can be configured to receive reflected SRS using a first CP length configuration, wherein the first CP length configuration differs from a second CP length configuration associated with the communication. The CP component 199 for joint sensing and communication can also be configured to send an indication to a wireless device, based on the reflected SRS, of at least one value associated with at least one corresponding object in the environment of the wireless device. The CP component 199 for joint sensing and communication can be located within one or more processors of one or more of CU 1810, DU 1830, and RU 1840. The CP component 199 for joint sensing and communication can be one or more hardware components specifically configured to execute stated processes / algorithms, implemented by one or more processors configured to execute stated processes / algorithms, stored in a computer-readable medium for implementation by one or more processors, or some combination thereof. Network entity 1802 may include a variety of components configured for various functions. In one configuration, network entity 1802 may include components for receiving reflected SRS using a first CP length configuration, wherein the first CP length configuration differs from a second CP length configuration associated with the communication. In some aspects, network entity 1802 may include components for sending to a wireless device an indication of at least one value associated with at least one corresponding object in the environment of the wireless device based on the reflected SRS. In some aspects, network entity 1802 may include components for calculating the at least one value based on the reflected SRS. In some aspects, network entity 1802 may include components for receiving from the wireless device a second indication that the wireless device does not support sensing operation based on unequal-interval SRS instances. In some aspects, network entity 1802 may include components for configuring the first CP length configuration based on the second indication. In some aspects, network entity 1802 may include components for sending to the wireless device a third indication of the first CP length configuration. In some aspects, network entity 1802 may include components for configuring a third CP length configuration for a second wireless device. In some aspects, network entity 1802 may include components for transmitting a fourth indication to the second wireless device regarding the third CP length configuration. This component may be a CP component 199 of network entity 1802 configured to perform the functions described therein for joint sensing and communication. As described above, network entity 1802 may include a TX processor 316, an RX processor 370, and a controller / processor 375. Therefore, in one configuration, the component may be configured to perform the functions described therein or as per [the description of the third CP length configuration]. FIG. 16 and FIG. 19The functions described are TX processor 316, RX processor 370 and / or controller / processor 375.

[0163] FIG. 15 Figure 1900 illustrates an example of a hardware implementation for network entity 1960. In one example, network entity 1960 may be within core network 120. Network entity 1960 may include network processor 1912. Network processor 1912 may include on-chip memory 1912'. In some aspects, network entity 1960 may also include additional memory module 1914. Network entity 1960 communicates with CU 1902 directly (e.g., via a backhaul link) or indirectly (e.g., via RIC) through network interface 1980. On-chip memory 1912' and additional memory module 1914 may each be considered as computer-readable media / memory. Each computer-readable media / memory may be non-transitory. Processor 1912 is responsible for general processing, including executing software stored on the computer-readable media / memory. This software, when executed by the corresponding processor, causes the processor to perform the various functions described above. The computer-readable media / memory may also be used to store data manipulated by the processor while executing the software.

[0164] As discussed above, the CP component 199 for joint sensing and communication can be configured to receive reflected SRS using a first CP length configuration, wherein the first CP length configuration differs from a second CP length configuration associated with communication. The CP component 199 for joint sensing and communication can also be configured to send an indication to a wireless device, based on the reflected SRS, of at least one value associated with at least one corresponding object in the environment of the wireless device. The CP component 199 for joint sensing and communication can be within processor 1912. The CP component 199 for joint sensing and communication can be one or more hardware components specifically configured to perform stated processes / algorithms, implemented by one or more processors configured to perform stated processes / algorithms, stored in a computer-readable medium for implementation by one or more processors, or some combination thereof. Network entity 1960 can include various components configured for various functions. In one configuration, network entity 1960 can include a component for receiving reflected SRS using a first CP length configuration, wherein the first CP length configuration differs from a second CP length configuration associated with communication. In some aspects, network entity 1960 may include components for transmitting to a wireless device, based on the reflected SRS, an indication of at least one value associated with at least one corresponding object in the environment of the wireless device. In some aspects, network entity 1960 may include components for calculating the at least one value based on the reflected SRS. In some aspects, network entity 1960 may include components for receiving from the wireless device a second indication that the wireless device does not support sensing operations based on unequal-interval SRS instances. In some aspects, network entity 1960 may include components for configuring the first CP length configuration based on the second indication. In some aspects, network entity 1960 may include components for transmitting to the wireless device a third indication of the first CP length configuration. In some aspects, network entity 1960 may include components for configuring a third CP length configuration for a second wireless device. In some aspects, network entity 1960 may include components for transmitting to the second wireless device a fourth indication of the third CP length configuration. The components may be of network entity 1960 configured to perform the actions described by the components or as per [the relevant information]. FIG. 16 and ​ The CP component 199 described is used for joint sensing and communication.

[0165] Various aspects of this disclosure relate generally to a jointly designed sensing and communication system. In some aspects, the jointly designed sensing and communication system can be applied to automotive applications and other example applications with the potential to reduce hardware costs, for example, because components can be jointly used for sensing and communication, rather than having separate communication and sensing components. In the jointly designed sensing and communication system, the communication system of a device (e.g., a UE located at or associated with a vehicle) can transmit signals for sensing, for example, to detect objects around the device based on the reflection of the transmitted signals. As an example, a vehicle can use the jointly designed communication system to perform sensing around the vehicle. For example, in a single-site operation mode, the reflection can be received by the communication system of the UE (e.g., which may be located at or associated with the vehicle), while in a dual-site operation mode, the reflection can be received by another device (e.g., a UE or a base station), and information based on the reflection can be provided to the vehicle. In some aspects, the communication system can use mmWave frequency bands additionally designated for wireless communication but which may be underutilized to transmit sensing signals. In some aspects, the UE can transmit sensing signals (e.g., multiple transmissions for sensing operations) on uplink resources of a wireless communication network. For example, the sensing signal may use the same waveform as that used in the communication system (e.g., CP-OFDM). In some aspects, SRS may be specified based on minimum accuracy or resolution. In some aspects, resources used for SRS transmission may be configured or allocated by network entities (e.g., base stations or network nodes).

[0166] In some respects, rate estimation can be important for automotive applications and other example applications, and specific accuracy and / or resolution can be correlated with the duration of the SRS. For example, an SRS transmission lasting 5 ms or longer (which may be referred to as CPI in the context of RADAR) could be the minimum time interval to achieve a rate resolution of 1 m / s. During an SRS transmission (e.g., CPI), multiple SRS instances can be transmitted at intervals based on the rate range to be identified and / or estimated using the SRS instances. The SRS can span... A time slot (or ms), and the SRS instance can be accessed via A subset of symbols within a time slot (or ms) is sent.

[0167] If the interval between SRS instances (e.g., SRS interval or SRS transmission interval) is constant / equal for different SRS instances, rate determination can be performed using the first processing of the SRS instances. For unequal intervals between SRS instances, rate determination can be performed using a second, more refined and / or more complex processing of the SRS instances. The decision to use either equal or unequal intervals can be based on a balance between the complexity of processing SRS instances and the complexity of maintaining acceptable overhead to support the system capacity used for sensing while minimizing the impact on communication performance.

[0168] For example, in some aspects, a wireless device may use a first CP length configuration to transmit an SRS, wherein the first CP length configuration differs from a second CP length configuration associated with the communication. In a single-site operation mode, the wireless device may receive a reflected SRS based on transmitting the SRS, and may calculate at least one value associated with at least one corresponding object in the wireless device's environment based on the SRS and the reflected SRS. In a dual-site operation mode, a base station or another wireless device may use the first CP length configuration to receive the reflected SRS, and calculate at least one value associated with at least one corresponding object in the wireless device's environment based on the SRS and the reflected SRS. The base station or another wireless device may transmit, and the wireless device transmitting the SRS may receive an indication of the at least one value. The SRS may include a set of SRS instances having a first periodicity (e.g., the time interval between SRS instances or the number of symbols between SRS instances) over multiple time slots and / or ms, wherein the first CP length configuration is configured to maintain equal time intervals based on the number of symbols between SRS instances.

[0169] Specific aspects of the subject matter described in this disclosure can be implemented to achieve one or more of the following potential advantages. CP length configuration can be used to simplify SRS processing for sensing applications performed by joint sensing and communication wireless devices.

[0170] It should be understood that the specific order or hierarchy of the boxes in the disclosed process / flowchart is merely an example of the exemplary method. It should be understood that the specific order or hierarchy of the boxes in the process / flowchart may be rearranged based on design preferences. Furthermore, some boxes may be combined or omitted. The appended method claims present the elements of various boxes in a sample order, but are not limited to the given specific order or hierarchy.

[0171] The foregoing description is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to practice the various aspects described herein. Various modifications to these aspects will be apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be applied to other aspects. Therefore, the claims are not limited to the aspects described herein but should be given the full scope consistent with the language of the claims. Unless specifically stated otherwise, references to elements in the singular form do not mean “one and only one” but rather “one or more.” Terms such as “if,” “when,” and “simultaneously” do not imply a direct temporal relationship or reaction. That is, these phrases, such as “when…”, do not imply an immediate action in response to the occurrence of an action or during the occurrence of an action, but simply suggest that if a condition is met, then the action will occur, without requiring a specific or immediate time limit for the occurrence of the action. The word “exemplary” is used herein to mean “serving as an example, instance, or illustration.” Any aspect described herein as “exemplary” is not necessarily to be construed as preferred or superior to other aspects. Unless otherwise specifically stated, the term “some” refers to one or more. Combinations such as "at least one of A, B, or C", "one or more of A, B, or C", "at least one of A, B, and C", "one or more of A, B, and C", and "A, B, C, or any combination thereof" include any combination of A, B, and / or C, which may include multiple A, multiple B, or multiple C. Specifically, combinations such as "at least one of A, B, or C", "one or more of A, B, or C", "at least one of A, B, and C", "one or more of A, B, and C", and "A, B, C, or any combination thereof" can be only A, only B, only C, A and B, A and C, B and C, or A and B and C, where any such combination may contain one or more members of A, B, or C. A set should be interpreted as a set of elements, where the number of elements is one or more. Therefore, for a set of X, X will include one or more elements. If the first device receives data from or sends data to the second device, data can be received / sent directly between the first and second devices, or indirectly between the first and second devices via a set of devices. A device configured to "output" data (such as transmission, signaling, or messaging) can, for example, transmit the data using a transceiver, or can transmit the data to the device that sent the data. A device configured to "receive" data (such as transmission, signaling, or messaging) can, for example, receive the data using a transceiver, or can obtain the data from the device that received the data. All structural and functional equivalents of the elements throughout the various aspects described herein that are known to those skilled in the art or will later be known are expressly incorporated herein by reference and are covered by the claims.Furthermore, nothing disclosed herein is intended to be offered to the public, whether or not such disclosure is expressly stated in the claims. Terms such as “module,” “mechanism,” “element,” and “device” cannot replace the term “component.” Therefore, no claim element will be understood as a component plus function unless the element is expressly stated using the phrase “component for…”.

[0172] As used in this article, the phrase “based on” should not be interpreted as referring to a closed set of information, one or more conditions, one or more factors, etc. In other words, the phrase “based on A” (where “A” can be information, conditions, factors, etc.) should be interpreted as “based on at least A”, unless otherwise stated otherwise.

[0173] The following aspects are merely illustrative and may be combined with other aspects or teachings described herein without limitation.

[0174] Aspect 1 is a method for wireless communication at a wireless device, the method comprising: transmitting an SRS using a first CP length configuration, wherein the first CP length configuration is different from a second CP length configuration associated with communication; and receiving a reflected SRS based on transmitting the SRS.

[0175] Aspect 2 is the method according to aspect 1, the method further comprising: calculating at least one value associated with at least one corresponding object in the environment of the wireless device based on the SRS and the reflected SRS.

[0176] Aspect 3 is the method according to aspect 2, wherein the at least one value includes a rate associated with the corresponding at least one object based on the at least one value calculated using the SRS of the reflection.

[0177] Aspect 4 is the method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 2, wherein the SRS includes a set of SRS instances associated with a first periodicity and spanning an SRS CPI comprising multiple time slots.

[0178] Aspect 5 is the method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 4, wherein the SRS is transmitted in one of a resource pool dedicated to, configured for, or instructed to be used for at least one SRS transmission, or a BWP dedicated to, configured for, or instructed to be used for at least one SRS transmission.

[0179] Aspect 6 is the method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 5, wherein the first CP length configuration includes equal-length CPs associated with each symbol of the CPI for the SRS spanning multiple time slots.

[0180] Aspect 7 is the method according to aspect 6, wherein the first CP length configuration includes ECP and the second CP length configuration includes NCP.

[0181] Aspect 8 is a method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 5, wherein the first CP length configuration is associated with a first CP, the first CP including a first number of samples at the beginning of the CPI for the SRS, the first number of samples being different from a second number of samples associated with a second CP included in subsequent symbols of the CPI.

[0182] Aspect 9 is the method according to aspect 8, wherein the first number of samples is based on the duration of the CPI used for the SRS.

[0183] Aspect 10 is the method according to any one of aspects 8 and 9, wherein the first CP length configuration includes the NCP length.

[0184] Aspect 11 is the method according to any one of aspects 1 to 10, wherein transmitting the SRS comprises transmitting the SRS using a frequency-modulated continuous wave.

[0185] Aspect 12 is a method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 5 and 11, wherein the first CP length configuration includes a first CP configuration associated with a first number of samples and a second CP configuration associated with a second number of samples, the second number of samples being less than the first number of samples, wherein the first CP configuration is associated with a first symbol in each half of each slot of the SRS, and the second CP configuration is associated with the remaining symbols in each slot of the SRS.

[0186] Aspect 13 is a method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 12, wherein the first CP length configuration and the second CP length configuration are configured by a network device, the network device being at least one of a base station, an attached wireless device, or a network entity associated with the wireless device, the method further comprising: receiving from the network device a first indication of the first CP length configuration, wherein the wireless device is associated with a vehicle.

[0187] Aspect 14 is the method according to aspect 13, the method further comprising: sending a second indication to the network device indicating whether the wireless device supports sensing operations based on unequal interval SRS instances, wherein receiving the first indication configured for the first CP length is based on the second indication.

[0188] Aspect 15 is a method for wireless communication at a network device, the method comprising: receiving reflected SRS using a first CP length configuration, wherein the first CP length configuration is different from a second CP length configuration associated with communication; and transmitting to the wireless device, based on the reflected SRS, an indication of at least one value associated with at least one corresponding object in the environment of the wireless device.

[0189] Aspect 16 is the method according to aspect 15, wherein the at least one value includes the relative velocity of the corresponding at least one object, and the method further includes: calculating the at least one value based on the SRS of the reflection.

[0190] Aspect 17 is the method according to any one of aspects 15 and 16, wherein the SRS originates from the wireless device.

[0191] Aspect 18 is a method according to any one of aspects 15 to 17, the method further comprising: receiving from the wireless device a second indication indicating whether the wireless device supports sensing operation based on unequal-interval SRS instances; configuring the first CP length configuration based on the second indication; and sending a third indication of the first CP length configuration to the wireless device.

[0192] Aspect 19 is a method according to any one of aspects 15 to 18, wherein the first CP length configuration is associated with one of a resource pool or a BWP for SRS transmission, and the second CP length configuration is associated with a resource set for the communication.

[0193] Aspect 20 is the method according to aspect 19, wherein the first CP length configuration is associated with a plurality of wireless devices.

[0194] Aspect 21 is a method according to any one of aspects 18 and 19, wherein the wireless device is a first wireless device, wherein configuring the first CP length configuration includes: configuring the first CP length configuration for the first wireless device, the method further includes: configuring a third CP length configuration for a second wireless device; and sending a fourth indication of the third CP length configuration to the second wireless device.

[0195] Aspect 22 is a method according to any one of aspects 15 to 21, wherein the network device is one of a base station, an additional wireless device or a network entity associated with the wireless device, and wherein the wireless device is one of a UE or a vehicle.

[0196] Aspect 23 is a method for wireless communication of a wireless device, the method comprising: transmitting an SRS using a first CP length configuration, wherein the first CP length configuration is different from a second CP length configuration associated with communication; and receiving, based on the SRS, an indication of at least one value associated with at least one corresponding object in the environment of the wireless device.

[0197] Aspect 24 is the method according to aspect 23, the method further comprising: receiving reflected SRS based on transmitting the SRS.

[0198] Aspect 25 is an apparatus for wireless communication at a device, the apparatus including a memory and at least one processor coupled to the memory and based at least in part on information stored in the memory, the at least one processor being configured to implement any one of aspects 1 to 24.

[0199] Aspect 26 is the method according to aspect 25, the method further comprising a transceiver or antenna coupled to the at least one processor.

[0200] Aspect 27 is an apparatus for wireless communication at a device, the apparatus including components for implementing any one of aspects 1 to 24.

[0201] Aspect 28 is a computer-readable medium (e.g., a non-transitory computer-readable medium) storing computer-executable code, wherein the code, when executed by a processor, causes the processor to implement any one of aspects 1 to 24.

Claims

1. An apparatus for wireless communication at a wireless device, the apparatus comprising: a memory; and at least one processor coupled to the memory and configured to, based at least in part on information stored in the memory: transmit a sounding reference signal (SRS) using a first cyclic prefix (CP) length configuration, wherein the first CP length configuration is different from a second CP length configuration associated with a communication; and receive a reflected SRS based on transmitting the SRS.

2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to: calculate, based on the SRS and the reflected SRS, at least one value associated with a corresponding at least one object in an environment of the wireless device.

3. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the at least one value comprises a relative velocity associated with the corresponding at least one object based on the SRS and the reflected SRS.

4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the SRS comprises a set of SRS instances associated with a first periodicity and spanning a coherent processing interval (CPI) of the SRS that includes a plurality of slots.

5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the SRS is transmitted in one of: a resource pool dedicated, configured, or indicated for at least one SRS transmission, or a bandwidth part (BWP) dedicated, configured, or indicated for the at least one SRS transmission.

6. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first CP length configuration comprises an equal-length CP associated with each symbol of a coherent processing interval (CPI) of the SRS spanning a plurality of slots.

7. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the first CP length configuration comprises an extended cyclic prefix (ECP) and the second CP length configuration comprises a normal cyclic prefix (NCP).

8. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first CP length configuration is associated with a first CP comprising a first number of samples at a beginning of a coherent processing interval (CPI) for the SRS, the first number of samples being different from a second number of samples associated with a second CP included in a subsequent symbol of the CPI.

9. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the first number of samples is based on a duration of the CPI for the SRS.

10. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the first CP length configuration comprises a normal cyclic prefix (NCP) length.

11. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein to transmit the SRS, the at least one processor is configured to transmit the SRS using a frequency modulated continuous wave.

12. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first CP length configuration comprises a first CP configuration associated with a first number of samples and a second CP configuration associated with a second number of samples, the second number of samples being less than the first number of samples, wherein the first CP configuration is associated with a first symbol in each half of each slot associated with the SRS and the second CP configuration is associated with a remaining symbol of each slot associated with the SRS.

13. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first CP length configuration and the second CP length configuration are configured by a network device, the network device being at least one of a base station, an additional wireless device, or a network entity associated with the wireless device, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to: receive, from the network device, a first indication of the first CP length configuration, wherein the wireless device is associated with a vehicle.

14. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to: transmit, for the network device, a second indication indicating whether the wireless device supports sensing operations based on unequally spaced SRS instances, wherein the at least one processor is configured to receive the first indication of the first CP length configuration based on the second indication.

15. An apparatus for wireless communication at a network device, the apparatus comprising: a memory; and at least one processor coupled to the memory and configured to: receive a reflected sensing reference signal (SRS) using a first cyclic prefix (CP) length configuration, wherein the first CP length configuration is different from a second CP length configuration associated with a communication; and transmit, to a wireless device based on the reflected SRS, an indication of at least one value associated with a corresponding at least one object in an environment of the wireless device.

16. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the at least one value comprises a relative velocity of the corresponding at least one object, and wherein the at least one processor is further configured to: calculate the at least one value based on the reflected SRS.

17. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the SRS originates from the wireless device.

18. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to: receive, from the wireless device, a second indication indicating whether the wireless device supports sensing operations based on unequally spaced SRS instances; configure the first CP length configuration based on the second indication; and transmit, to the wireless device, a third indication of the first CP length configuration.

19. The apparatus of claim 18, wherein the first CP length configuration is associated with one of a resource pool or a bandwidth part (BWP) for SRS transmissions, and the second CP length configuration is associated with a set of resources for the communication.

20. The apparatus of claim 18, wherein the first CP length configuration is associated with a plurality of wireless devices.

21. The apparatus of claim 18, wherein the wireless device is a first wireless device, wherein to configure the first CP length configuration, the at least one processor is further configured to: configure the first CP length configuration for the first wireless device, and wherein the at least one processor is further configured to: configure a third CP length configuration for a second wireless device; and transmit, to the second wireless device, a fourth indication of the third CP length configuration.

22. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the network device is one of a base station, an additional wireless device, or a network entity associated with the wireless device, and wherein the wireless device is one of a user equipment (UE) or a vehicle.

23. An apparatus for wireless communication at a wireless device, the apparatus comprising: a memory; and at least one processor coupled to the memory and configured to: transmit a sounding reference signal (SRS) using a first cyclic prefix (CP) length configuration, wherein the first CP length configuration is different from a second CP length configuration associated with a communication; and receive, based on the SRS, an indication of at least one value associated with a corresponding at least one object in an environment of the wireless device.

24. The apparatus of claim 23, wherein the at least one value comprises a relative velocity associated with the corresponding at least one object.

25. The apparatus of claim 23, wherein the SRS comprises a set of SRS instances associated with a first periodicity and spanning an SRS coherence processing interval (CPI) comprising a plurality of slots, and wherein the first CP length configuration ensures that the set of SRS instances are equally spaced in time during the SRS CPI.

26. The apparatus of claim 23, wherein the first CP length configuration and the second CP length configuration are configured by a network device, the network device being at least one of a base station, an additional wireless device, or a network entity associated with the wireless device, and wherein the at least one processor is further configured to: receive, from the network device, a first indication of the first CP length configuration, wherein the wireless device is associated with a vehicle.

27. A method for wireless communication of a wireless device, the method comprising: transmitting a sounding reference signal (SRS) using a first cyclic prefix (CP) length configuration, wherein the first CP length configuration is different from a second CP length configuration associated with a communication; and receiving a reflected SRS based on transmitting the SRS.

28. The method of claim 27, the method further comprising: calculating, based on the SRS and the reflected SRS, at least one value associated with a corresponding at least one object in an environment of the wireless device, and wherein the at least one value comprises a relative velocity associated with the corresponding at least one object based on the at least one value calculated using the reflected SRS.

29. The method of claim 27, wherein the SRS comprises a set of SRS instances associated with a first periodicity and spanning an SRS coherence processing interval (CPI) comprising a plurality of slots, and wherein the first CP length configuration ensures that the set of SRS instances are equally spaced in time during the SRS CPI.

30. The method of claim 27, wherein the SRS is transmitted in one of: a resource pool dedicated for, configured for, or indicated for at least one SRS transmission, or a bandwidth part (BWP) dedicated for, configured for, or indicated for the at least one SRS transmission.

Images