A sewage treatment apparatus and method

Abstract

The application discloses sewage treatment equipment and method, including the slow flow pool of sedimentation, cyclone separation mechanism, passive buffer mechanism and layered biological carrier reactor which are connected in sequence;The cyclone separation mechanism includes a cyclone separation tank body, the bottom of which is a concave inverted cone structure, a plurality of cyclone input pipes are fixed outside the cyclone separation tank body, and a cyclone output pipe is fixed at the bottom of the cyclone separation tank body;The lower end side of the cyclone separation tank body is fixed with an impurity discharge pipe which is communicated with the inside of the cyclone separation tank body, and the impurity discharge pipe is provided with an impurity discharge control valve;The process is used for the phased treatment of sewage, the targeted purification capacity is strong, the slow flow pool of sedimentation can reduce the load of the subsequent core treatment unit;The cyclone separation mechanism focuses on the separation of fine particle impurities;The layered biological reaction of anaerobic and aerobic is combined, and the target treatment is carried out on the refractory organic matter and ammonia nitrogen, etc., respectively, and the purification range is comprehensive.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of wastewater treatment technology, specifically to a wastewater treatment device and method. Background Technology

[0002] Rural wastewater treatment is a key task in improving the living environment, but it is significantly difficult to manage due to the inherent characteristics of rural areas. Rural wastewater is characterized by its dispersed nature, large diurnal and seasonal fluctuations in volume, and moderate concentrations (COD ≤ 300 mg / L, ammonia nitrogen ≤ 50 mg / L). It may also contain agricultural pollutants such as pesticide residues, making its composition more complex than urban wastewater.

[0003] Currently, the rate of rural sewage treatment lags far behind that of urban areas, and the direct discharge of large amounts of sewage leads to problems such as eutrophication of surface water and pollution of groundwater. Traditional centralized treatment models are unsuitable due to high pipeline costs and complex operation and maintenance. Therefore, it is necessary to develop sewage treatment equipment with low energy consumption and easy operation and maintenance processes that are adapted to the current economic conditions and weak technical capabilities in rural areas. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a wastewater treatment device and method, which has been improved and optimized to address the characteristics of large fluctuations in the quality of rural wastewater and high operation and maintenance costs.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0006] A wastewater treatment device includes a sedimentation slow-flow tank, a cyclone separation mechanism, a passive buffer mechanism, and a stratified biological carrier reactor connected in sequence.

[0007] The sedimentation slow-flow tank has a sedimentation inlet pipe and a sedimentation outlet pipe;

[0008] The cyclone separation mechanism includes a cyclone separation tank, the bottom of which is a concave inverted cone-shaped structure. Several cyclone input pipes connected to the inside are fixed on the outer side of the cyclone separation tank near the upper end. A vertically extending cyclone output pipe is fixed at the bottom of the cyclone separation tank.

[0009] The lower side of the cyclone separator is fixed with an impurity discharge pipe that is connected to its interior, and the impurity discharge pipe is equipped with an impurity discharge control valve.

[0010] The input end of the passive buffer mechanism is connected to the vortex output tube;

[0011] The stratified biocarrier reactor includes an anaerobic reaction container, which is filled with multiple hollow spherical shells, and the interior of the spherical shells is filled with auxiliary filter media.

[0012] An anaerobic input pipe connected to the interior is fixed on the outside of the anaerobic reaction container near the bottom. The output end of the passive buffer mechanism is connected to the anaerobic input pipe.

[0013] The top of the anaerobic reaction container is fixed with a vertically extending spacer support column, and the top of the spacer support column is fixed with an aerobic reaction container. The aerobic reaction container is equipped with an end output pipe.

[0014] Preferably, multiple cyclone input pipes are evenly distributed around the circumference of the cyclone separator tank, and the cyclone input pipes extend along the tangential direction of the outer surface of the cyclone separator tank.

[0015] Explanation: The vortex inlet pipe is arranged along the tangential direction of the tank body, which can form a strong vortex field. Combined with the inverted conical bottom, it can quickly throw dense impurities toward the tank wall and deposit them.

[0016] Preferably, the upper end of the cyclone output tube is provided with a spin cleaning mechanism. The spin cleaning mechanism includes a spin support ring that is disposed inside the upper end of the cyclone output tube and extends vertically. A vertically extending spin support shaft is rotatably connected inside the spin support ring. A conical spin filter shell is fixed to the top of the spin support shaft. The lower edge of the spin filter shell is in a sealed contact with the upper end of the cyclone output tube.

[0017] The sidewall of the spin filter housing has a multi-hole hollow structure that runs through the top and bottom.

[0018] A spin-driven propeller is fixed at the lower end of the spin support shaft;

[0019] Multiple cleaning support rods are fixed on the outer wall of the upper end of the cyclone output tube. The cleaning support rods are spirally extended around the axis of the cyclone output tube and arranged above the spin filter shell. A cleaning brush is fixed on the lower side of the cleaning support rod.

[0020] Description: The self-rotating cleaning mechanism cleans the attached contaminants. The water flow impacts the self-rotating propeller, which in turn drives the self-rotating support shaft to rotate. The self-rotating support shaft drives the self-rotating filter housing to rotate together. The self-rotating filter housing moves relative to the cleaning brush, and the cleaning brush cleans the upper side of the self-rotating filter housing.

[0021] Preferably, the passive buffer mechanism includes an upward-facing passive buffer receiving pool, and a passive buffer support partition arranged perpendicular to the flow direction is fixed inside the passive buffer receiving pool. The passive buffer support partition divides the passive buffer receiving pool into a buffer input chamber and a buffer output chamber.

[0022] A passive buffer input pipe connected to the buffer input chamber is fixed near the bottom on the left side of the passive buffer reservoir, and a passive buffer output pipe connected to the buffer output chamber is fixed near the top on the right side of the passive buffer reservoir.

[0023] The cyclone output tube is connected to the passive buffer input tube, and the passive buffer output tube is connected to the anaerobic input tube.

[0024] The passive buffer support plate has multiple buffer flow holes that run through the flow direction. The end of the buffer flow hole near the buffer input chamber has an inner conical surface structure. A buffer constraint support shaft is fixed inside the buffer flow hole and arranged coaxially with it. The end of the buffer constraint support shaft near the buffer input chamber is provided with a buffer constraint plug. The buffer constraint plug has a constraint connection hole. The end of the buffer constraint support shaft near the buffer input chamber is slidably fitted in the constraint connection hole.

[0025] A constraint support spring is press-fitted between the inner end of the constraint connection hole and the buffer constraint support shaft.

[0026] The end of the buffer constraint plug near the buffer output chamber has an outer conical surface structure, and the outer conical surface of the buffer constraint plug has the same shape as the inner conical surface of the buffer flow hole.

[0027] Explanation: The passive flow stabilization design protects the stability of biological reactions. When water flows through the buffer flow hole, it will exert an impact force on the buffer constraint plug. Adjusting the gap between the outer conical surface of the buffer constraint plug and the inner conical surface of the buffer flow hole, the gap becomes smaller when the water flow is large and larger when the water flow is small. Through this passive adjustment, the water flow through the buffer flow hole is in a dynamic equilibrium, thereby stabilizing the sewage discharged from the passive buffer output pipe and avoiding excessive fluctuations in sewage flow.

[0028] Preferably, the top of the anaerobic reaction container is connected to the aerobic reaction container via a transition connection mechanism, which includes multiple vertically extending transition connection pipes.

[0029] The top of the anaerobic reaction container is fixed with multiple vertically extending connecting pipes that communicate with its interior. The bottom of the aerobic reaction container is slidably connected with multiple connecting pipes along the vertical direction. Each connecting pipe is coaxially aligned with the corresponding connecting pipe.

[0030] A lower limiting ring is fixed inside the connecting and fitting fixing tube, and an upper limiting ring is fixed inside the connecting and fitting fastening tube.

[0031] The lower end of the transition connecting pipe is connected to the connecting and fitting fixed pipe, and the upper end of the transition connecting pipe is connected to the connecting and fitting fastening pipe.

[0032] The bottom of the aerobic reaction container is fixed with multiple downward-facing fastening drive cylinders. Fastening drive sliding cylinders are slidably connected inside the fastening drive cylinders. The lower ends of the multiple fastening drive sliding cylinders are fixedly connected to each connecting fastening pipe.

[0033] The fastening drive fixed cylinder is equipped with a fastening drive rod for driving the fastening drive sliding cylinder to move up and down;

[0034] Multiple filter housings are slidably connected inside the transition connecting pipe, and the filter housings are filled with transition filter media.

[0035] Explanation: Wastewater in the anaerobic reactor tank enters the aerobic reactor tank through the transition connection mechanism. Wastewater in the anaerobic reactor tank flows from bottom to top through the connecting and fixed pipe into the transition connection pipe. Wastewater in the transition connection pipe flows from bottom to top through each filter housing. The wastewater is filtered by the gravel, river sand, and bamboo charcoal particles in each filter housing. The filtered wastewater then enters the aerobic reactor tank through the connecting and fixed pipe.

[0036] Preferably, the aerobic reaction container is provided with a microbial attachment mechanism, which includes multiple vertically extending and fixed attachment support tubes that are connected to the top of the aerobic reaction container and communicate with its interior. A microbial filling tube with an upward opening is slidably connected inside the attachment support tube, and the microbial filling tube is filled with microbial attachment packing material.

[0037] A pull-out handle is fixed at the upper end of the microbial filling tube, and a limit support ring is fixed on the outer side of the upper end of the microbial filling tube.

[0038] Explanation: The microbial attachment mechanism provides good attachment conditions for aerobic microorganisms in the aerobic reaction tank. Multiple microbial packing tubes are evenly distributed on the aerobic reaction tank, and sewage can freely enter and exit through the side walls of the microbial packing tubes, which is conducive to the sewage fully contacting the microorganisms on the microbial packing. The microbial packing tubes can be pulled upward by pulling the handle to facilitate the replacement of the microbial packing.

[0039] Preferably, the anaerobic reaction container is fixed with a spherical inlet pipe and a spherical outlet pipe that are connected to its interior.

[0040] Note: Opening the spherical shell outlet pipe facilitates the discharge of the spherical shell, and a new spherical shell is introduced into the anaerobic reaction container through the spherical shell inlet pipe.

[0041] The present invention also provides a wastewater treatment method, based on the above-mentioned wastewater treatment equipment, comprising the following steps:

[0042] S1. Wastewater sedimentation treatment:

[0043] The sedimentation inlet pipe is connected to the sewage drainage ditch. Sewage enters the sedimentation slow flow tank through the sedimentation inlet pipe. During the flow of sewage in the sedimentation slow flow tank, the large impurities in the sewage settle at the bottom of the sedimentation slow flow tank by gravity sedimentation. The supernatant of sewage is discharged through the sedimentation outlet pipe.

[0044] S2. Wastewater cyclone separation:

[0045] Wastewater discharged from the sedimentation outlet pipe enters the cyclone separator tank through multiple cyclone inlet pipes. The wastewater flows from top to bottom in the cyclone separator tank and generates swirl around the vertical axis of the cyclone separator tank. Under the action of centrifugal force, suspended impurities in the wastewater will be thrown to the inner wall of the cyclone separator tank. Finally, the suspended impurities are deposited at the inverted cone structure at the bottom of the cyclone separator tank under the action of gravity sedimentation.

[0046] The cyclone discharge pipe is located at the central axis of the cyclone separator. Wastewater containing suspended impurities will enter the upper end of the cyclone discharge pipe and finally be discharged from the lower end of the cyclone discharge pipe.

[0047] Periodically open the impurity discharge control valve and discharge the suspended impurities deposited at the bottom of the cyclone separator through the impurity discharge pipe;

[0048] S3. Passively regulate the flow rate of sewage:

[0049] Wastewater discharged from the lower end of the cyclone outlet pipe enters the passive buffer mechanism for flow regulation, and then is discharged from the output end of the passive buffer mechanism.

[0050] S4, Anaerobic biodegradation treatment:

[0051] Wastewater discharged from the output end of the passive buffer mechanism enters the anaerobic reaction container through the anaerobic input pipe. Anaerobic microorganisms are attached to the auxiliary filter media in the spherical shell, and total phosphorus is removed in the anaerobic reaction container by the anaerobic microorganisms.

[0052] S5, Aerobic Biodegradation Treatment:

[0053] After anaerobic treatment, the wastewater enters the aerobic reaction tank. An aerator is used to aerate the bottom of the aerobic reaction tank to maintain the dissolved oxygen in the wastewater at 2-4 mg / L. The aerobic reaction of microorganisms degrades COD and ammonia nitrogen.

[0054] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are reflected in the following aspects:

[0055] 1. The present invention has a reasonable structural design and provides a process-oriented, phased treatment for wastewater. It has strong targeted purification capabilities. The sedimentation and slow-flow tank first intercepts large suspended solids, reducing the load on subsequent core treatment units. The cyclone separation mechanism focuses on separating fine particulate impurities, avoiding interference with biological reactions. The stratified biological reaction combining anaerobic and aerobic processes targets recalcitrant organic matter and ammonia nitrogen, respectively, providing comprehensive purification.

[0056] 2. This invention is easy to operate, has high efficiency in cyclone separation and is self-cleaning, prevents clogging and is easy to operate. The cyclone input pipe is arranged along the tangential direction of the tank body, which can form a strong cyclone field. Combined with the inverted conical bottom, it can quickly throw high-density impurities to the tank wall and deposit them, resulting in high separation efficiency. The water flow drives the propeller to rotate the conical cyclone filter shell, and the spirally arranged cleaning brush automatically cleans the surface of the cyclone filter shell, reducing the frequency of manual cleaning.

[0057] 3. The passive flow stabilization design of this invention can protect the stability of biological reactions. When water flows through the buffer flow hole, it will generate an impact force on the buffer constraint plug. Adjusting the gap between the outer conical surface of the buffer constraint plug and the inner conical surface of the buffer flow hole, the gap is smaller when the water flow is large and larger when the water flow is small. Through this passive adjustment, the water flow through the buffer flow hole is in a dynamic balance, thereby stabilizing the sewage discharged from the passive buffer output pipe and avoiding excessive fluctuations in sewage flow.

[0058] 4. The spherical shell of the anaerobic reactor of this invention is filled with waste peanut shells and volcanic rock. Peanut shells are agricultural waste, which realizes resource utilization and reduces the purchase cost of packing materials; the porous structure of volcanic rock can provide sufficient attachment sites for anaerobic microorganisms.

[0059] 5. The microbial attachment packing material of the aerobic reactor of this invention is modified corn stalks and ceramsite. After the corn stalks are modified by soaking in lime water, their adhesion is stronger and they can efficiently degrade COD and ammonia nitrogen. At the same time, it is also a secondary utilization of agricultural solid waste, which is in line with the concept of environmental protection.

[0060] 6. The microbial filling tube of the aerobic reactor of the present invention can be pulled out directly by the extraction handle, which makes it convenient to replace the microbial attachment packing without disassembling the tank; the filter housing shell in the transition communication mechanism can be slidably removed, and the transition packing such as gravel, river sand, and bamboo charcoal particles can be easily replaced; the anaerobic reactor is equipped with a spherical shell inlet pipe and a spherical shell outlet pipe, which can separately replenish or replace the internal biological carrier spherical shell without stopping the machine to empty the entire reactor. Attached Figure Description

[0061] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall layout of the present invention;

[0062] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the cyclone separation mechanism of the present invention;

[0063] Figure 3 This is a top view of the cyclone separation mechanism of the present invention;

[0064] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the spin cleaning mechanism of the present invention;

[0065] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the passive buffer mechanism of the present invention;

[0066] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the buffer flow hole of the present invention;

[0067] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the layered biocarrier reactor of the present invention;

[0068] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the spherical shell structure of the present invention;

[0069] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the transition connection mechanism of the present invention;

[0070] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the microbial attachment mechanism of the present invention.

[0071] In the diagram, 10-sedimentation slow-flow tank, 11-sedimentation input pipe, 12-sedimentation output pipe, 20-cyclone separation mechanism, 21-cyclone separation tank, 211-cyclone input pipe, 212-cyclone output pipe, 213-impurity discharge pipe, 2130-impurity discharge control valve, 22-spinning cleaning mechanism, 221-spinning support ring, 222-spinning support shaft, 223-spinning filter shell, 224-spinning drive propeller, 225-cleaning support rod, 226-cleaning brush, 30-passive buffer mechanism, 301-buffer input chamber, 302-buffer output chamber, 31-passive buffer container, 311-passive buffer input pipe, 312-passive buffer output pipe, 32-passive buffer support baffle, 320-buffer flow hole, 321-buffer constraint support shaft, 322-buffer constraint plug, 3220-constraint connection hole, 323-constraint Supporting spring, 40-layered biocarrier reactor, 401-spacer support column, 41-anaerobic reaction container, 411-anaerobic input pipe, 412-spherical shell input pipe, 413-spherical shell output pipe, 42-spherical shell, 420-auxiliary filter packing, 43-aerobic reaction container, 431-end output pipe, 44-transition connecting mechanism, 441-transition connecting pipe, 442-connecting and fixing pipe, 4421-lower limit ring, 443-connecting and fastening pipe, 4431-upper limit ring, 444-fastening drive fixing cylinder, 445-fastening drive sliding cylinder, 446-fastening drive rod, 447-filter container shell, 448-transition filter packing, 45-microbial attachment mechanism, 450-microbial attachment packing, 451-attachment support pipe, 452-microbial filling pipe, 453-pull-out handle, 454-limiting support ring. Detailed Implementation

[0072] The following is combined Figures 1-10The present invention will be described in detail. For ease of description, the orientations mentioned below are defined as follows: The directions of up, down, left, right, front, and back mentioned below are consistent with the directions of up, down, left, right, front, and back in the projection relationship of the respective main view or structural schematic diagram.

[0073] Example 1:

[0074] A type of wastewater treatment equipment, such as Figure 1 As shown, it includes a sedimentation slow-flow tank 10, a cyclone separation mechanism 20, a passive buffer mechanism 30, and a stratified biocarrier reactor 40 connected in sequence.

[0075] like Figure 1 As shown, the sedimentation slow flow tank 10 has a sedimentation input pipe 11 and a sedimentation output pipe 12;

[0076] like Figure 2 As shown, the cyclone separation mechanism 20 includes a cyclone separation tank 21. The bottom of the cyclone separation tank 21 is a concave inverted cone structure. Several cyclone input pipes 211 connected to the inside are fixed on the outer side of the cyclone separation tank 21 near the upper end. A vertically extending cyclone output pipe 212 is fixed at the bottom of the cyclone separation tank 21.

[0077] like Figure 3 As shown, multiple cyclone input pipes 211 are evenly distributed around the circumference of the cyclone separator 21, and the cyclone input pipes 211 extend along the tangential direction of the outer side of the cyclone separator 21.

[0078] A cyclone separator 21 has an impurity discharge pipe 213 connected to its interior fixed to the lower side of the separator 21. The impurity discharge pipe 213 has an impurity discharge control valve 2130.

[0079] The input end of the passive buffer mechanism 30 is connected to the vortex output tube 212;

[0080] like Figure 7 As shown, the stratified biocarrier reactor 40 includes an anaerobic reaction container 41, which is filled with multiple hollow spherical shells 42, such as... Figure 8 As shown, the interior of the spherical shell 42 is filled with auxiliary filter media 420;

[0081] The sidewalls of the spherical shell 42 are perforated and hollowed out, with the inside and outside connected.

[0082] The auxiliary filter media 420 is a mixture of waste peanut shells and volcanic rock in a mass ratio of 1:2;

[0083] An anaerobic input pipe 411, which is connected to the inside of the anaerobic reaction container 41, is fixed on the outside of the container 41 near the bottom. The output end of the passive buffer mechanism 30 is connected to the anaerobic input pipe 411.

[0084] The top of the anaerobic reaction container 41 is fixed with a vertically extending spacer support column 401, and the top of the spacer support column 401 is fixed with an aerobic reaction container 43. The aerobic reaction container 43 is provided with an end output pipe 431.

[0085] Example 2:

[0086] This embodiment describes a wastewater treatment method based on a wastewater treatment device according to Embodiment 1, including the following steps:

[0087] S1. Wastewater sedimentation treatment:

[0088] The sedimentation inlet pipe 11 is connected to the sewage drainage ditch. Sewage enters the sedimentation slow flow tank 10 through the sedimentation inlet pipe 11. During the flow of sewage in the sedimentation slow flow tank 10, the sewage uses gravity sedimentation to settle large impurities in the sewage to the bottom of the sedimentation slow flow tank 10. The supernatant of the sewage is discharged through the sedimentation outlet pipe 12.

[0089] S2. Wastewater cyclone separation:

[0090] Wastewater discharged from sedimentation outlet pipe 12 enters cyclone separator 21 through multiple cyclone inlet pipes 211. The wastewater flows from top to bottom in cyclone separator 21 and generates cyclone around the vertical axis of cyclone separator 21. Under the action of centrifugal force, suspended impurities in the wastewater will be thrown to the inner wall of cyclone separator 21. Finally, the suspended impurities are deposited at the inverted conical structure at the bottom of cyclone separator 21 under the action of gravity sedimentation.

[0091] The cyclone output pipe 212 is located at the central axis of the cyclone separator 21. Wastewater containing suspended impurities will enter the upper end of the cyclone output pipe 212 and finally be discharged from the lower end of the cyclone output pipe 212.

[0092] Periodically open the impurity discharge control valve 2130 and discharge the suspended impurities deposited at the bottom of the cyclone separator 21 through the impurity discharge pipe 213;

[0093] S3. Passively regulate the flow rate of sewage:

[0094] Wastewater discharged from the lower end of the cyclone outlet pipe 212 enters the passive buffer mechanism 30 for flow regulation, and then is discharged from the output end of the passive buffer mechanism 30.

[0095] S4, Anaerobic biodegradation treatment:

[0096] Wastewater discharged from the output end of the passive buffer mechanism 30 enters the anaerobic reaction container 41 through the anaerobic input pipe 411. Anaerobic microorganisms are attached to the auxiliary filter packing 420 in the spherical shell 42. In the anaerobic reaction container 41, total phosphorus is removed by anaerobic microorganisms. At the same time, peanut shells can slowly release carbon sources to solve the problem of carbon-nitrogen imbalance in rural wastewater.

[0097] The specific microbial metabolic process in anaerobic reactor 41 is as follows:

[0098] Hydrolysis stage: A large number of hydrolytic bacteria, including Clostridium and Bacteroides, are attached to the auxiliary filter media 420. These bacteria secrete extracellular enzymes to decompose the large organic molecules suspended in the sewage into small soluble substances, such as proteins, carbohydrates, and fats into small soluble substances such as amino acids, glucose, and fatty acids.

[0099] Acid-producing stage: Acid-producing bacteria such as lactic acid bacteria and propionic acid bacteria further convert the hydrolysis products into volatile fatty acids such as acetic acid, propionic acid and butyric acid, while releasing carbon dioxide CO2 and hydrogen H2.

[0100] The VFA produced at this stage is the core "intermediate product" of the anaerobic system. It not only provides substrates for subsequent methanogenic bacteria, but also serves as a carbon source to support the conversion of nitrogen and phosphorus in wastewater, especially solving the problem of insufficient carbon source in rural wastewater.

[0101] Methanogenic stage: Methanogenic bacteria such as Methanococcus methanans and Methanidobacteria utilize the products of the acid-producing stage, mainly acetic acid, H2 and CO2, to metabolize and produce methane (CH4) and a small amount of CO2.

[0102] This process will completely mineralize some of the organic matter, reducing the COD of the wastewater. At the same time, methane will naturally escape in gaseous form. Since the concentration of organic matter in rural wastewater is not high and the amount of methane is extremely small, there is no need for collection and treatment, and it will directly and safely dissipate.

[0103] S5, Aerobic Biodegradation Treatment:

[0104] After anaerobic treatment, the wastewater enters the aerobic reaction tank 43. An aerator with existing technology is used to aerate the bottom of the aerobic reaction tank 43 to maintain the dissolved oxygen in the wastewater at 2 mg / L. The COD and ammonia nitrogen are degraded by the aerobic reaction of microorganisms.

[0105] The specific microbial metabolic process in the aerobic reaction vessel 43 is as follows:

[0106] Efficient COD degradation: Aerobic heterotrophic bacteria such as Bacillus and Pseudomonas use organic pollutants in wastewater, such as carbohydrates, proteins, and fats, as carbon and energy sources, and completely oxidize and decompose them into CO2 and H2O with the participation of oxygen.

[0107] Nitrification of ammonia nitrogen: Nitrifying bacteria are divided into two categories: ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and nitrite oxidizing bacteria (NOB). They convert ammonia nitrogen (NH4) into nitrogen through a two-step reaction. + Converted to nitrate NO3 - :

[0108] The first step is for AOB to process NH4 + Oxidized to nitrite NO2 - It releases energy; the reaction formula is: NH4 + + 1.5O2→ NO2 - + 2H + + H2O;

[0109] The second step involves NOB removing NO2. - Further oxidation to NO3 - Reaction formula: NO2 - + 0.5O2→ NO3 - .

[0110] This process can solve the problem of high ammonia nitrogen levels in rural sewage, with an ammonia nitrogen removal rate of over 85%.

[0111] Example 3:

[0112] Based on Example 1, such as Figure 2 As shown, the upper end of the cyclone output pipe 212 is equipped with a self-spinning cleaning mechanism 22, such as... Figure 4 As shown, the spin cleaning mechanism 22 includes a spin support ring 221 that is disposed inside the upper end of the cyclone output tube 212 and extends vertically. A vertically extending spin support shaft 222 is rotatably connected inside the spin support ring 221. A conical spin filter shell 223 is fixed to the top of the spin support shaft 222. The lower edge of the spin filter shell 223 is in a sealed contact with the upper end of the cyclone output tube 212.

[0113] The sidewall of the spin filter housing 223 has a multi-hole hollow structure that runs through the top and bottom.

[0114] A spin-driven propeller 224 is fixed at the lower end of the spin support shaft 222;

[0115] Multiple cleaning support rods 225 are fixed on the outer wall of the upper end of the cyclone output tube 212. The cleaning support rods 225 are spirally extended around the axis of the cyclone output tube 212 and arranged above the spin filter shell 223. A cleaning brush 226 is fixed on the lower side of the cleaning support rod 225.

[0116] Example 4:

[0117] This embodiment describes a wastewater treatment method based on a wastewater treatment device of embodiment 3. The difference from embodiment 2 is that in step S2, the spin cleaning mechanism 22 is used to clean the attached pollutants. During the process of wastewater passing through the spin filter shell 223 into the vortex output pipe 212 and flowing from top to bottom, the water flow impacts the spin-driven propeller 224 and drives the spin support shaft 222 to rotate. The spin support shaft 222 drives the spin filter shell 223 to rotate together. The spin filter shell 223 generates relative motion with respect to the cleaning brush 226. The cleaning brush 226 is used to clean the upper side of the spin filter shell 223.

[0118] Example 5:

[0119] Based on Example 3, such as Figure 5 As shown, the passive buffer mechanism 30 includes an upward-facing passive buffer receiving pool 31, and a passive buffer support partition 32 arranged perpendicular to the flow direction is fixed inside the passive buffer receiving pool 31. The passive buffer support partition 32 divides the passive buffer receiving pool 31 into a buffer input chamber 301 and a buffer output chamber 302.

[0120] A passive buffer input pipe 311, which is connected to the buffer input chamber 301, is fixed on the left side near the bottom of the passive buffer reservoir 31, and a passive buffer output pipe 312, which is connected to the buffer output chamber 302, is fixed on the right side near the top of the passive buffer reservoir 31.

[0121] The cyclone output tube 212 is connected to the passive buffer input tube 311, and the passive buffer output tube 312 is connected to the anaerobic input tube 411.

[0122] like Figure 6 As shown, the passive buffer support plate 32 has multiple buffer flow holes 320 that extend along the flow direction. The end of the buffer flow hole 320 near the buffer input chamber 301 has an inner conical surface structure. A buffer constraint support shaft 321 is fixed inside the buffer flow hole 320 and arranged coaxially with it. The end of the buffer constraint support shaft 321 near the buffer input chamber 301 is provided with a buffer constraint plug 322. The buffer constraint plug 322 has a constraint connection hole 3220. The end of the buffer constraint support shaft 321 near the buffer input chamber 301 is slidably fitted in the constraint connection hole 3220.

[0123] A constraint support spring 323 is press-fitted between the inner end of the constraint connection hole 3220 and the buffer constraint support shaft 321;

[0124] The end of the buffer constraint plug 322 near the buffer output chamber 302 has an outer conical surface structure, and the outer conical surface of the buffer constraint plug 322 has the same shape as the inner conical surface of the buffer flow hole 320.

[0125] Example 6:

[0126] This embodiment describes a wastewater treatment method based on a wastewater treatment device of Embodiment 5. The difference from Embodiment 4 is that, in step S3, the passive buffer mechanism 30 operates as follows:

[0127] The sewage discharged from the lower end of the cyclone output pipe 212 first enters the buffer input chamber 301 through the passive buffer input pipe 311. The sewage in the buffer input chamber 301 then passes through multiple buffer flow holes 320 on the passive buffer support partition 32 and enters the buffer output chamber 302. Finally, the sewage in the buffer output chamber 302 is discharged from the passive buffer output pipe 312.

[0128] As water flows through the buffer flow hole 320, it exerts an impact force on the buffer constraint plug 322, enabling the buffer constraint plug 322 to buffer and constrain the movement of the support shaft 321. This adjusts the gap between the outer conical surface of the buffer constraint plug 322 and the inner conical surface of the buffer flow hole 320. When the water flow is large, the impact force on the buffer constraint plug 322 is greater, and the gap between the outer conical surface of the buffer constraint plug 322 and the inner conical surface of the buffer flow hole 320 is smaller. Conversely, when the water flow is small, the impact force on the buffer constraint plug 322 is smaller, and the gap between the outer conical surface of the buffer constraint plug 322 and the inner conical surface of the buffer flow hole 320 is larger. Through this passive adjustment, the water flow through the buffer flow hole 320 is in a dynamic equilibrium, thereby stabilizing the sewage discharged from the passive buffer output pipe 312 and preventing excessive fluctuations in sewage flow.

[0129] Example 7:

[0130] Based on Example 5, such as Figure 7 As shown, the anaerobic reaction container 41 is fixed with a spherical shell inlet pipe 412 and a spherical shell outlet pipe 413 that are connected to its interior.

[0131] Example 8:

[0132] This embodiment describes a wastewater treatment method based on a wastewater treatment device of embodiment 7. The difference from embodiment 6 is that in step S4, both the spherical shell inlet pipe 412 and the spherical shell outlet pipe 413 are equipped with existing electric control valves (not shown in the figure). Opening the spherical shell outlet pipe 413 facilitates the discharge of the spherical shell 42, and a new spherical shell 42 is introduced into the anaerobic reaction container tank 41 through the spherical shell inlet pipe 412.

[0133] Example 9:

[0134] Based on Example 7, such as Figure 7 As shown, the top of the anaerobic reaction container 41 is connected to the aerobic reaction container 43 via a transition communication mechanism 44, as... Figure 9As shown, the transition connection mechanism 44 includes multiple vertically extending transition connection pipes 441;

[0135] The top of the anaerobic reaction container 41 is fixed with multiple vertically extending connecting pipes 442 that communicate with its interior. The bottom of the aerobic reaction container 43 is slidably connected with multiple connecting pipes 443 in the vertical direction. The multiple connecting pipes 442 correspond one-to-one with each connecting pipe 443 and are coaxially aligned.

[0136] A lower limiting ring 4421 is fixed inside the connecting and fitting fixing tube 442, and an upper limiting ring 4431 is fixed inside the connecting and fitting fastening tube 443.

[0137] The lower end of the transition connecting pipe 441 is connected to the connecting and fitting fixed pipe 442, and the upper end of the transition connecting pipe 441 is connected to the connecting and fitting fastening pipe 443.

[0138] The bottom of the aerobic reaction container 43 is fixed with multiple downward-facing fastening drive fixing cylinders 444. Fastening drive sliding cylinders 445 are slidably connected inside the fastening drive fixing cylinders 444. The lower ends of the multiple fastening drive sliding cylinders 445 are fixedly connected to each of the connecting fastening pipes 443.

[0139] The fastening drive fixed cylinder 444 is provided with a fastening drive rod 446 for driving the fastening drive sliding cylinder 445 to move up and down. The fastening drive rod 446 is an existing electric telescopic rod driven by a servo motor. The outer end of the fastening drive rod 446 is fixedly connected to the top of the fastening drive fixed cylinder 444, and the inner end of the fastening drive rod 446 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the fastening drive sliding cylinder 445.

[0140] Multiple filter housings 447 are slidably connected inside the transition connecting pipe 441, and the filter housings 447 are filled with transition filter packing 448.

[0141] The top and bottom of the filter housing 447 have a porous, open structure that allows for internal and external communication.

[0142] Each filter housing 447 has a transition filter media 448, which, in order from bottom to top, consist of existing gravel, river sand, and bamboo charcoal particles.

[0143] Example 10:

[0144] This embodiment describes a wastewater treatment method based on a wastewater treatment device of embodiment 9. The difference from embodiment 8 is that, in step S5, the wastewater in the anaerobic reaction tank 41 enters the aerobic reaction tank 43 through the transition connecting mechanism 44. The wastewater in the anaerobic reaction tank 41 flows from bottom to top through the connecting and fixing pipe 442 and enters the transition connecting pipe 441. The wastewater in the transition connecting pipe 441 flows from bottom to top through each filter housing 447. The wastewater is filtered by the gravel, river sand and bamboo charcoal particles in each filter housing 447. The filtered wastewater then enters the aerobic reaction tank 43 through the connecting and fixing pipe 443.

[0145] The retraction of the inner rod of the fastening drive rod 446 can drive the fastening drive sliding cylinder 445 and the connecting fastening tube 443 to move upward together, so that the connecting fastening tube 443 is separated from the upper end of the transition connecting tube 441. Then, the lower end of the transition connecting tube 441 can be pulled out from the connecting fixed tube 442, and the transition connecting tube 441 can be removed, which makes it convenient to replace the transition filter packing 448 in the filter housing 447.

[0146] Example 11:

[0147] Based on Example 9, such as Figure 7 As shown, the aerobic reaction container 43 is equipped with a microbial attachment mechanism 45, such as... Figure 10 As shown, the microbial attachment mechanism 45 includes multiple vertically extending and fixed attachment support tubes 451 that are connected to the top of the aerobic reaction container 43 and communicate with its interior. A microbial filling tube 452 with an upward opening is slidably connected inside the attachment support tube 451, and the microbial filling tube 452 is filled with microbial attachment filler 450.

[0148] The sidewall of the microbial filling tube 452 has a porous, hollow structure that connects the inside and outside.

[0149] A pull-out handle 453 is fixed to the upper end of the microbial filling tube 452, and a limit support ring 454 is fixed to the outer side of the upper end of the microbial filling tube 452.

[0150] The microbial attachment packing 450 is made of pulverized modified corn stalks mixed with ceramsite. The stalks are modified by soaking in lime water to enhance the adhesion of microorganisms, which degrade COD and ammonia nitrogen in the aerobic reaction tank 43.

[0151] Example 12:

[0152] This embodiment describes a wastewater treatment method based on a wastewater treatment device of embodiment 11. The difference from embodiment 10 is that in step S5, the microbial attachment mechanism 45 provides good attachment conditions for aerobic microorganisms in the aerobic reaction container 43. Multiple microbial filling tubes 452 are evenly distributed on the aerobic reaction container 43. Wastewater can freely enter and exit through the side wall of the microbial filling tubes 452, which is conducive to the wastewater fully contacting the microorganisms on the microbial attachment packing 450.

[0153] The microbial packing tube 452 can be pulled upward by pulling out the handle 453, which makes it easy to replace the microbial attachment packing 450.

[0154] Example 13:

[0155] The difference from Example 12 is that the dissolved oxygen in the wastewater in the aerobic reaction container 43 is maintained at 3 mg / L.

[0156] Example 14:

[0157] The difference from Example 12 is that the dissolved oxygen in the wastewater in the aerobic reaction tank 43 is maintained at 4 mg / L.

Claims

1. A wastewater treatment device, characterized in that, It includes a sedimentation slow-flow tank (10), a cyclone separation mechanism (20), a passive buffer mechanism (30), and a stratified biocarrier reactor (40) connected in sequence. The sedimentation slow flow tank (10) has a sedimentation input pipe (11) and a sedimentation output pipe (12). The cyclone separation mechanism (20) includes a cyclone separation tank (21), the bottom of which is a concave inverted cone structure. Several cyclone input pipes (211) connected to the inside are fixed on the outer side of the cyclone separation tank (21) near the upper end. A vertically extending cyclone output pipe (212) is fixed at the bottom of the cyclone separation tank (21). The lower side of the cyclone separator (21) is fixed with an impurity discharge pipe (213) that communicates with its interior, and the impurity discharge pipe (213) is equipped with an impurity discharge control valve (2130). The upper end of the cyclone output tube (212) is provided with a spin cleaning mechanism (22). The spin cleaning mechanism (22) includes a spin support ring (221) that is disposed inside the upper end of the cyclone output tube (212) and extends vertically. A vertically extending spin support shaft (222) is rotatably connected inside the spin support ring (221). A conical spin filter shell (223) is fixed at the top of the spin support shaft (222). The lower edge of the spin filter shell (223) is in a sealed contact with the upper end of the cyclone output tube (212). The sidewall of the spin filter shell (223) is a multi-hole hollow structure that runs through the top and bottom; A spin-driven propeller (224) is fixed at the lower end of the spin support shaft (222). Multiple cleaning support rods (225) are fixed on the outer wall of the upper end of the cyclone output tube (212). The cleaning support rods (225) extend spirally around the axis of the cyclone output tube (212) and are arranged above the spin filter shell (223). A cleaning brush (226) is fixed on the lower side of the cleaning support rod (225). The input end of the passive buffer mechanism (30) is connected to the vortex output tube (212); The passive buffer mechanism (30) includes an upward-facing passive buffer receiving pool (31), and a passive buffer support partition (32) arranged perpendicular to the flow direction is fixed inside the passive buffer receiving pool (31). The passive buffer support partition (32) divides the passive buffer receiving pool (31) into a buffer input chamber (301) and a buffer output chamber (302). The passive buffer reservoir (31) has a passive buffer input pipe (311) connected to the buffer input chamber (301) fixed near the bottom on the left side, and a passive buffer output pipe (312) connected to the buffer output chamber (302) fixed near the top on the right side. The passive buffer support plate (32) has multiple buffer flow holes (320) that extend along the flow direction. The end of the buffer flow hole (320) near the buffer input chamber (301) has an inner conical surface structure. A buffer constraint support shaft (321) is fixed inside the buffer flow hole (320) and arranged coaxially with it. A buffer constraint plug (322) is provided at the end of the buffer constraint support shaft (321) near the buffer input chamber (301). The buffer constraint plug (322) has a constraint connection hole (3220). The end of the buffer constraint support shaft (321) near the buffer input chamber (301) is slidably fitted in the constraint connection hole (3220). A constraint support spring (323) is press-fitted between the inner end of the constraint connection hole (3220) and the buffer constraint support shaft (321). The buffer constraint plug (322) has an outer conical surface structure at one end near the buffer output chamber (302), and the outer conical surface of the buffer constraint plug (322) is consistent with the inner conical surface shape of the buffer flow hole (320). The layered biocarrier reactor (40) includes an anaerobic reaction container (41), which is filled with a plurality of hollow spherical shells (42), and the spherical shells (42) are filled with auxiliary filter media (420). The anaerobic reaction container (41) is fixed to the outside near the bottom, and the anaerobic input pipe (411) is connected to the inside of the container. The output end of the passive buffer mechanism (30) is connected to the anaerobic input pipe (411). The anaerobic reaction container (41) is fixed with a vertically extending spacer support column (401) at the top, and an aerobic reaction container (43) is fixed at the top of the spacer support column (401). The aerobic reaction container (43) is provided with an end output pipe (431). The cyclone output pipe (212) is connected to the passive buffer input pipe (311), and the passive buffer output pipe (312) is connected to the anaerobic input pipe (411); The top of the anaerobic reaction container (41) is connected to the aerobic reaction container (43) through a transition connection mechanism (44), which includes multiple vertically extending transition connection pipes (441). The top of the anaerobic reaction container (41) is fixed with multiple vertically extending connecting pipes (442) that communicate with its interior. The bottom of the aerobic reaction container (43) is slidably connected with multiple connecting pipes (443) in the vertical direction. The multiple connecting pipes (442) are coaxially aligned with each of the connecting pipes (443). The lower end limiting ring (4421) is fixed inside the connecting and fitting fixing tube (442), and the upper end limiting ring (4431) is fixed inside the connecting and fitting fastening tube (443). The lower end of the transition connecting pipe (441) is connected to the connecting and mating fixing pipe (442), and the upper end of the transition connecting pipe (441) is connected to the connecting and mating fastening pipe (443). The bottom of the aerobic reaction container (43) is fixed with multiple fastening drive fixing cylinders (444) with downward openings. Fastening drive sliding cylinders (445) are slidably connected inside the fastening drive fixing cylinders (444). The lower ends of the multiple fastening drive sliding cylinders (445) are fixedly connected to each of the communicating fastening pipes (443). The fastening drive fixed cylinder (444) is provided with a fastening drive rod (446) for driving the fastening drive sliding cylinder (445) to move up and down. Multiple filter housings (447) are slidably connected inside the transition connecting pipe (441), and the filter housings (447) are filled with transition filter packing (448). The aerobic reaction container (43) is provided with a microbial attachment mechanism (45). The microbial attachment mechanism (45) includes multiple vertically extending attachment support tubes (451) fixed to the top of the aerobic reaction container (43) and connected to its interior. A microbial filling tube (452) with its opening facing upward is slidably connected inside the attachment support tube (451). The microbial filling tube (452) is filled with microbial attachment filler (450). The upper end of the microbial filling tube (452) is fixed with a pull handle (453), and a limit support ring (454) is fixed on the outer side of the upper end of the microbial filling tube (452).

2. The wastewater treatment equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, Multiple cyclone input pipes (211) are evenly distributed around the circumference of the cyclone separator (21), and the cyclone input pipes (211) extend along the tangential direction of the outer side of the cyclone separator (21).

3. The wastewater treatment equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The anaerobic reaction container (41) is fixed with a spherical inlet pipe (412) and a spherical outlet pipe (413) that are connected to its interior.

4. A wastewater treatment method, based on the wastewater treatment equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Wastewater sedimentation treatment: The sedimentation inlet pipe (11) is connected to the sewage drainage ditch. Sewage enters the sedimentation slow flow tank (10) through the sedimentation inlet pipe (11). During the flow of sewage in the sedimentation slow flow tank (10), the sewage uses gravity sedimentation to settle large impurities in the sewage to the bottom of the sedimentation slow flow tank (10). The supernatant of the sewage is discharged through the sedimentation outlet pipe (12). S2. Wastewater cyclone separation: Wastewater discharged from the sedimentation outlet pipe (12) enters the cyclone separator (21) through multiple cyclone inlet pipes (211). The wastewater flows from top to bottom in the cyclone separator (21) and generates swirl around the vertical axis of the cyclone separator (21). Under the action of centrifugal force, suspended impurities in the wastewater will be thrown to the inner wall of the cyclone separator (21). The suspended impurities are finally deposited at the inverted conical structure at the bottom of the cyclone separator (21) under the action of gravity sedimentation. The cyclone output pipe (212) is located at the central axis of the cyclone separator (21). The wastewater that has separated the suspended impurities will enter the upper end of the cyclone output pipe (212) and finally be discharged from the lower end of the cyclone output pipe (212). Periodically open the impurity discharge control valve (2130) and discharge the suspended impurities deposited at the bottom of the cyclone separator (21) through the impurity discharge pipe (213); S3. Passively regulate the flow rate of sewage: Wastewater discharged from the lower end of the vortex outlet pipe (212) enters the passive buffer mechanism (30) for flow regulation, and then is discharged from the output end of the passive buffer mechanism (30); S4, Anaerobic biodegradation treatment: Wastewater discharged from the output end of the passive buffer mechanism (30) enters the anaerobic reaction container (41) through the anaerobic input pipe (411). Anaerobic microorganisms are attached to the auxiliary filter media (420) in the spherical shell (42), and total phosphorus is removed in the anaerobic reaction container (41) by the anaerobic microorganisms. S5, Aerobic Biodegradation Treatment: After anaerobic treatment, the wastewater enters the aerobic reaction tank (43). An aerator is used to aerate the bottom of the aerobic reaction tank (43) to maintain the dissolved oxygen in the wastewater at 2~4 mg / L. The COD and ammonia nitrogen are degraded by microbial aerobic reaction.

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