Fiber based on modified mesoporous material, composite felt and application thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a fiber and composite felt based on a modified mesoporous material and application of the fiber and the composite felt, and relates to the technical field of mesoporous materials and fiber materials, the fiber based on the modified mesoporous material is obtained by adding modified silicon dioxide aerogel into mixed fibers treated by a silane coupling agent, mixing, spinning and stretching; through the arrangement of heptadecafluorodecyl trimethoxysilane and hollow polyester, the modified silicon dioxide aerogel is endowed with hydrophobicity, a pore structure is prevented from being damaged by environmental moisture, the hollow polyester and a precursor of the aerogel permeate into pores, so that the hollow polyester and the precursor of the aerogel are cured in the pores of the aerogel to form an anchoring effect, and the performance of the aerogel is improved. The mechanical interlocking of the modified silicon dioxide aerogel is increased, so that the washing resistance of the modified silicon dioxide aerogel is further improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of mesoporous materials and fiber materials technology, specifically to a fiber, composite felt, and its application based on modified mesoporous materials. Background Technology

[0002] Aerogels are a type of mesoporous material, which refers to porous materials with pore sizes between 2 and 50 nm. They have extremely high specific surface area, regular and ordered pore structure, narrow pore size distribution, and continuously adjustable pore size. This makes them play a role in the adsorption and separation of macromolecules that are difficult to achieve with many microporous zeolite molecular sieves, especially in catalytic reactions. Moreover, the ordered pores of this material can serve as "microreactors" in which uniform and stable "guest" materials with nanoscale dimensions are assembled to become "host-guest materials".

[0003] Most aerogels are produced by mixing glass fibers and silicon carbide fibers during the fiber manufacturing process. The preparation methods include: glass fiber cutting, thermal bonding into sheets, whisker spreading, and double-sheet thermal bonding. The glass fibers need to be cut into two short sections of different lengths, and the silicon carbide fibers need to exist in the form of silicon carbide whiskers. The resulting reinforcing fibers possess extremely high high-temperature resistance and flexibility, improving the strength and brittleness of the aerogel and enhancing its thermal insulation and high-temperature resistance. However, fibers prepared by the above methods have poor water resistance and abrasion resistance. This is because the silica aerogel has extremely high porosity, which causes the impact of water flow during washing to damage the pore structure, leading to internal collapse of the silica aerogel and preventing the silica aerogel composite fibers from maintaining their desired shape.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a method to improve the water resistance and abrasion resistance of fibers, thereby enhancing their durability. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the aforementioned problems, the present invention aims to provide a fiber, composite felt, and its application based on modified mesoporous materials.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention employs the following technical solution:

[0007] A fiber based on a modified mesoporous material, wherein the fiber is obtained by mixing a mixed fiber treated with a silane coupling agent, adding modified silica aerogel, and then spinning and stretching.

[0008] The modified silica aerogel was prepared according to the following steps:

[0009] A. Mix tetraethyl orthosilicate, ethanol and deionized water evenly, add hydrochloric acid dropwise to adjust the pH to 2.0-3.0 to obtain silica sol, which is ready for use.

[0010] The mass ratio of tetraethyl orthosilicate, ethanol and deionized water is 2-3:2-3:1;

[0011] B. Dissolve the first polyurethane resin in ethanol to obtain a polyurethane ethanol solution. Heat the silica sol to 60-70°C, and add the polyurethane ethanol solution and heptadecafluorodecyltrimethoxysilane to it while stirring. React at 70-80°C for 1-2 hours, pour it into a mold and let it stand for aging for 20-25 hours to obtain a wet gel. Place the obtained wet gel and the mold in a drying kettle and dry it at 10-15 kPa and 40-50°C using carbon dioxide as a medium to obtain modified silica aerogel.

[0012] The polyurethane ethanol solution is obtained by mixing a first polyurethane resin and ethanol at a mass ratio of 1:10-15.

[0013] The mass ratio of silica sol to polyurethane ethanol solution is 1:0.8–1.2;

[0014] The mass of heptadecafluorodecyltrimethoxysilane is 4 to 6% of the mass of tetraethyl orthosilicate.

[0015] Preferably, the mixed fiber is obtained by mixing hollow polyester fiber and natural fiber in a mass ratio of 1 to 5:1.

[0016] Preferably, the natural fiber is cotton fiber.

[0017] Preferably, the outer side of the fiber based on the modified mesoporous material includes a protective coating, which is a hydrophobic coating, a wear-resistant coating, or a conductive coating.

[0018] This invention also includes a method for preparing fibers based on modified mesoporous materials, comprising the following steps:

[0019] ① The mixed fibers are opened by soaking in a first silane coupling agent-ethanol solution for 1 to 2 hours, then rinsed with ethanol and dried at 40 to 50°C to obtain the dried mixed fibers for later use.

[0020] The first silane coupling agent-ethanol solution is obtained by mixing γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane and ethanol at a mass ratio of 1:50-100;

[0021] ② The modified silica aerogel is crushed and sieved to obtain aerogel particles. The dried fiber, aerogel particles and ethanol are added to a mixer and stirred evenly to obtain a composite slurry.

[0022] The mass ratio of dried fiber, aerogel particles, and ethanol is 1:0.5 to 1:2 to 3.

[0023] The sieve fineness is 200-240 mesh;

[0024] ③ The composite slurry obtained in step ② is placed in a spinning machine. The composite slurry is transported to an ethanol aqueous solution by a spinning pump and a spinneret to form nascent fibers. The nascent fibers are drawn out and stretched at a stretch ratio of 1.5 to 2.5:1. They are then dried at 40 to 50°C to obtain fibers based on modified mesoporous materials.

[0025] The mass concentration of ethanol in the water is 70-80%.

[0026] Preferably, the process further includes forming a hydrophobic coating on the outside of the resulting fibers based on the modified mesoporous material, with the following specific steps:

[0027] The hydrophobic coating is obtained by immersing the fiber based on the modified mesoporous material in a heptadecafluorodecyltrimethoxysilane ethanol solution for 10-20 minutes, removing it and air-drying it.

[0028] The mass concentration of the heptadecafluorodecyltrimethoxysilane ethanol solution is 1-5%.

[0029] Preferably, the process further includes forming a wear-resistant coating on the outside of the resulting fibers based on the modified mesoporous material, with the following specific steps:

[0030] The wear-resistant coating can be obtained by immersing fibers based on modified mesoporous materials in a polyurethane wear-resistant coating solution for 30-60 seconds and curing at 75-85°C for 2 hours.

[0031] The polyurethane wear-resistant coating solution is composed of a second polyurethane resin, a curing agent, and a solvent in a mass ratio of 100:10-15:20-300.

[0032] More preferably, the solvent is an alcohol solvent, such as ethanol.

[0033] More preferably, the polyurethane wear-resistant coating solution is composed of a second polyurethane resin and a solvent in a mass ratio of 100:200-300.

[0034] Preferably, the process further includes forming a conductive coating on the outside of the resulting fibers based on the modified mesoporous material, with the following specific steps:

[0035] Q1: Immerse the fiber in a conductive polymer solution of polypyrrole or polyaniline for 10 to 20 minutes, wherein the concentration of the conductive polymer solution is 1 to 3%;

[0036] Q2: After removal, dry at 60-80℃ for 1 hour, and repeat the soaking 1-2 times to improve the thickness and uniformity of the conductive layer.

[0037] The present invention also includes the application of the above-mentioned fibers based on modified mesoporous materials to prepare a composite felt based on modified mesoporous materials.

[0038] The above-mentioned method for preparing composite felt based on modified mesoporous materials includes the following steps:

[0039] S1. The fiber based on the modified mesoporous material is placed in an opening machine for mechanical opening to fully disperse the fiber bundle, and the aerogel debris and impurities on the fiber surface are removed by a vibrating screen.

[0040] S2. The fibers treated in step S1 are immersed in a second silane coupling agent-ethanol solution for 1 to 2 hours, dried, and then combed into a single fiber layer using a carding machine and a cross-laying machine to form a uniform fiber web.

[0041] The second silane coupling agent-ethanol solution is obtained by mixing silane coupling agent and ethanol at a mass ratio of 1:50 to 100;

[0042] The second silane coupling agent is γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane;

[0043] S3. Based on the cross-laying machine, the fiber web is orthogonally cross-laid to form a multi-layer composite fiber web, so that the fibers are isotropically distributed in the plane. Then, based on the needle punching machine, the composite fiber web is pre-needled. The needle barbs drive the fibers to interweave and entwine with each other to form a stable felt structure. The surface is then corrected using plain needles.

[0044] S4. Based on the hot air bonding machine and the heat-melting properties of hollow polyester fibers, the surface of the polyester fibers is slightly melted after needle punching, forming a dotted bond with natural fibers and aerogel particles. Then, a heat setting machine is used to eliminate the internal stress generated during the needle punching process and fix the thickness of the composite felt to obtain a composite felt. The edge sealing machine is used to weld the edges of the composite felt to prevent the fibers from falling off, resulting in a composite felt based on modified mesoporous materials.

[0045] The present invention has the following advantages over the prior art:

[0046] The present invention relates to a method for improving the washability and abrasion resistance of fibers based on modified mesoporous materials, thereby enhancing fiber durability. First, the modified silica aerogel is endowed with hydrophobicity through the interaction of heptadecafluorodecyltrimethoxysilane and hollow polyester, preventing environmental moisture from damaging the pore structure. Second, the hollow polyester allows the aerogel precursor to penetrate into the pores, solidifying within the aerogel pores to form an anchoring effect, increasing the mechanical interlocking of the modified silica aerogel, thereby further improving its washability and increasing the number of washes required to meet the washing requirements of the modified silica aerogel.

[0047] The fiber based on modified mesoporous material of the present invention improves the toughness and tensile strength of silica aerogel by crosslinking flexible polymer chains with silica aerogel. Furthermore, by setting multiple coatings, it can not only further improve the hydrophobicity and wear resistance of silica aerogel composite fiber, but also provide a mechanical skeleton for modified silica aerogel by mixing multiple fibers, giving the fiber durability and avoiding excessive shrinkage or cracking during aerogel formation or post-processing. Detailed Implementation

[0048] The purpose of this invention is to provide a fiber, composite felt and its application based on modified mesoporous materials. The invention will be further described below with reference to specific embodiments.

[0049] The first polyurethane resin and the second polyurethane resin of the present invention are both the same type of polyurethane resin, and a commercially available polyurethane resin that is soluble in ethanol is selected.

[0050] Example 1

[0051] A fiber based on a modified mesoporous material, wherein the fiber is obtained by mixing a mixed fiber treated with a silane coupling agent, adding modified silica aerogel, and then spinning and stretching.

[0052] The modified silica aerogel was prepared according to the following steps:

[0053] A. Mix tetraethyl orthosilicate, ethanol and deionized water evenly, add hydrochloric acid dropwise to adjust the pH to 2.0, and obtain silica sol for later use;

[0054] The mass ratio of tetraethyl orthosilicate, ethanol and deionized water is 2:3:1;

[0055] B. Dissolve polyurethane resin in ethanol to obtain a polyurethane ethanol solution. Heat the silica sol to 60°C and add the polyurethane ethanol solution and heptadecafluorodecyltrimethoxysilane while stirring. React at 70°C for 1 hour. Pour the solution into a mold and let it stand for 20 hours to obtain a wet gel. Place the obtained wet gel and the mold in a drying kettle and dry it at 10 kPa and 40°C using carbon dioxide as a medium to obtain modified silica aerogel.

[0056] The polyurethane ethanol solution is obtained by mixing polyurethane resin and ethanol at a mass ratio of 1:10.

[0057] The mass ratio of silica sol to polyurethane ethanol solution is 1:0.8;

[0058] The mass of heptadecafluorodecyltrimethoxysilane is 4% of the mass of tetraethyl orthosilicate.

[0059] Example 2

[0060] A fiber based on a modified mesoporous material, wherein the fiber is obtained by mixing a mixed fiber treated with a silane coupling agent, adding modified silica aerogel, and then spinning and stretching.

[0061] The modified silica aerogel was prepared according to the following steps:

[0062] A. Mix tetraethyl orthosilicate, ethanol and deionized water evenly, add hydrochloric acid dropwise to adjust the pH to 3.0, and obtain silica sol for later use;

[0063] The mass ratio of tetraethyl orthosilicate, ethanol and deionized water is 3:2:1;

[0064] B. Dissolve polyurethane resin in ethanol to obtain a polyurethane ethanol solution. Heat the silica sol to 70°C and add the polyurethane ethanol solution and heptadecafluorodecyltrimethoxysilane while stirring. React at 80°C for 2 hours. Pour the solution into a mold and let it stand for aging for 25 hours to obtain a wet gel. Place the obtained wet gel and the mold in a drying kettle and dry it at 15 kPa and 50°C using carbon dioxide as a medium to obtain modified silica aerogel.

[0065] The polyurethane ethanol solution is obtained by mixing polyurethane resin and ethanol at a mass ratio of 1:15.

[0066] The mass ratio of silica sol to polyurethane ethanol solution is 1:1.2;

[0067] The mass of heptadecafluorodecyltrimethoxysilane is 6% of the mass of tetraethyl orthosilicate.

[0068] Example 3

[0069] A fiber based on a modified mesoporous material, wherein the fiber is obtained by mixing a mixed fiber treated with a silane coupling agent, adding modified silica aerogel, and then spinning and stretching.

[0070] The mixed fiber is obtained by mixing hollow polyester fiber and natural fiber in a mass ratio of 1:1.

[0071] The modified silica aerogel was prepared according to the following steps:

[0072] A. Mix tetraethyl orthosilicate, ethanol and deionized water evenly, add hydrochloric acid dropwise to adjust the pH to 2.2, and obtain silica sol for later use;

[0073] The mass ratio of tetraethyl orthosilicate, ethanol, and deionized water is 2.2:2.8:1.

[0074] B. Dissolve polyurethane resin in ethanol to obtain a polyurethane ethanol solution. Heat the silica sol to 62°C, and add the polyurethane ethanol solution and heptadecafluorodecyltrimethoxysilane to it while stirring. React at 72°C for 1.5 hours, pour into a mold and let it stand for aging for 22 hours to obtain a wet gel. Place the obtained wet gel and the mold in a drying kettle and dry it at 12 kPa and 42°C with carbon dioxide as the medium to obtain modified silica aerogel.

[0075] The polyurethane ethanol solution is obtained by mixing polyurethane resin and ethanol at a mass ratio of 1:12.

[0076] The mass ratio of silica sol to polyurethane ethanol solution is 1:0.9;

[0077] The mass of heptadecafluorodecyltrimethoxysilane is 4.5% of the mass of tetraethyl orthosilicate.

[0078] Example 4

[0079] A fiber based on a modified mesoporous material, wherein the fiber is obtained by mixing a mixed fiber treated with a silane coupling agent, adding modified silica aerogel, and then spinning and stretching; the mixed fiber is obtained by mixing hollow polyester fiber and cotton fiber in a mass ratio of 5:1.

[0080] The modified silica aerogel was prepared according to the following steps:

[0081] A. Mix tetraethyl orthosilicate, ethanol and deionized water evenly, add hydrochloric acid dropwise to adjust the pH to 2.8, and obtain silica sol for later use;

[0082] The mass ratio of tetraethyl orthosilicate, ethanol, and deionized water is 2.8:2.2:1.

[0083] B. Dissolve polyurethane resin in ethanol to obtain a polyurethane ethanol solution. Heat the silica sol to 68°C, and add the polyurethane ethanol solution and heptadecafluorodecyltrimethoxysilane to it while stirring. React at 78°C for 1.5 hours, pour into a mold and let it stand for aging for 24 hours to obtain a wet gel. Place the obtained wet gel and the mold in a drying kettle and dry it at 14 kPa and 48°C with carbon dioxide as the medium to obtain modified silica aerogel.

[0084] The polyurethane ethanol solution is obtained by mixing polyurethane resin and ethanol at a mass ratio of 1:14.

[0085] The mass ratio of silica sol to polyurethane ethanol solution is 1:1.1;

[0086] The mass of heptadecafluorodecyltrimethoxysilane is 5.5% of the mass of tetraethyl orthosilicate.

[0087] Example 5

[0088] A fiber based on a modified mesoporous material, wherein the fiber is obtained by mixing a mixed fiber treated with a silane coupling agent, adding modified silica aerogel, and then spinning and stretching; the mixed fiber is obtained by mixing hollow polyester fiber and cotton fiber in a mass ratio of 3:1.

[0089] The modified silica aerogel was prepared according to the following steps:

[0090] A. Mix tetraethyl orthosilicate, ethanol and deionized water evenly, add hydrochloric acid dropwise to adjust the pH to 2.5, and obtain silica sol for later use;

[0091] The mass ratio of tetraethyl orthosilicate, ethanol, and deionized water is 2.5:2.5:1.

[0092] B. Dissolve polyurethane resin in ethanol to obtain a polyurethane ethanol solution. Heat the silica sol to 65°C and add the polyurethane ethanol solution and heptadecafluorodecyltrimethoxysilane while stirring. React at 75°C for 1.5 hours. Pour the solution into a mold and let it stand for aging for 24 hours to obtain a wet gel. Place the obtained wet gel and the mold in a drying kettle and dry it at 14 kPa and 45°C using carbon dioxide as a medium to obtain modified silica aerogel.

[0093] The polyurethane ethanol solution is obtained by mixing polyurethane resin and ethanol at a mass ratio of 1:13.

[0094] The mass ratio of silica sol to polyurethane ethanol solution is 1:1;

[0095] The mass of heptadecafluorodecyltrimethoxysilane is 5% of the mass of tetraethyl orthosilicate.

[0096] The fibers based on modified mesoporous materials in Examples 1-5 have a protective coating on their outer side, which is a hydrophobic coating, a wear-resistant coating, or a conductive coating.

[0097] Example 6

[0098] Example 1 describes a method for preparing fibers based on modified mesoporous materials, comprising the following steps:

[0099] ① The mixed fibers are opened by soaking in a first silane coupling agent-ethanol solution for 1 hour, then rinsed with ethanol and dried at 40°C to obtain the dried mixed fibers for later use.

[0100] The first silane coupling agent-ethanol solution was obtained by mixing γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane and ethanol at a mass ratio of 1:50;

[0101] ② The modified silica aerogel is crushed and sieved to obtain aerogel particles. The dried fiber, aerogel particles and ethanol are added to a mixer and stirred evenly to obtain a composite slurry.

[0102] The mass ratio of dried fiber, aerogel particles, and ethanol is 1:0.5:2;

[0103] The sieve fineness is 200-240 mesh;

[0104] ③ The composite slurry obtained in step ② is placed in a spinning machine. The composite slurry is transported to an ethanol aqueous solution by a spinning pump and a spinneret to form nascent fibers. The nascent fibers are drawn out and stretched at a stretch ratio of 1.5:1. They are then dried at 40°C to obtain fibers based on modified mesoporous materials.

[0105] The ethanol-water mixture has a mass concentration of 70%.

[0106] Example 7

[0107] Example 2 describes a method for preparing fibers based on modified mesoporous materials, comprising the following steps:

[0108] ① The mixed fibers are opened by soaking in a first silane coupling agent-ethanol solution for 2 hours, then rinsed with ethanol and dried at 50°C to obtain the dried mixed fibers for later use.

[0109] The first silane coupling agent-ethanol solution was obtained by mixing γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane and ethanol at a mass ratio of 1:100;

[0110] ② The modified silica aerogel is crushed and sieved to obtain aerogel particles. The dried fiber, aerogel particles and ethanol are added to a mixer and stirred evenly to obtain a composite slurry.

[0111] The mass ratio of dried fiber, aerogel particles and ethanol is 1:1:3;

[0112] The sieve fineness is 200-240 mesh;

[0113] ③ The composite slurry obtained in step ② is placed in a spinning machine. The composite slurry is transported to an ethanol aqueous solution by a spinning pump and a spinneret to form nascent fibers. The nascent fibers are drawn out and stretched at a stretch ratio of 2.5:1. They are then dried at 50°C to obtain fibers based on modified mesoporous materials.

[0114] The ethanol-water mixture has a mass concentration of 80%.

[0115] Example 8

[0116] Example 3 describes a method for preparing fibers based on modified mesoporous materials, comprising the following steps:

[0117] ① The mixed fibers are opened by soaking in a first silane coupling agent-ethanol solution for 1.5 hours, then rinsed with ethanol and dried at 42°C to obtain the dried mixed fibers for later use.

[0118] The first silane coupling agent-ethanol solution was obtained by mixing γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane and ethanol at a mass ratio of 1:60;

[0119] ② The modified silica aerogel is crushed and sieved to obtain aerogel particles. The dried fiber, aerogel particles and ethanol are added to a mixer and stirred evenly to obtain a composite slurry.

[0120] The mass ratio of dried fiber, aerogel particles, and ethanol was 1:0.6:2.2.

[0121] The sieve fineness is 200-240 mesh;

[0122] ③ The composite slurry obtained in step ② is placed in a spinning machine. The composite slurry is transported to an ethanol aqueous solution by a spinning pump and a spinneret to form nascent fibers. The nascent fibers are drawn out and stretched at a stretch ratio of 1.8:1. They are then dried at 42°C to obtain fibers based on modified mesoporous materials.

[0123] The mass concentration of the ethanol in the water is 72%.

[0124] Example 9

[0125] Example 4 describes a method for preparing fibers based on modified mesoporous materials, comprising the following steps:

[0126] ① The mixed fibers are opened by soaking in a first silane coupling agent-ethanol solution for 1.5 hours, then rinsed with ethanol and dried at 48°C to obtain the dried mixed fibers for later use.

[0127] The first silane coupling agent-ethanol solution was obtained by mixing γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane and ethanol at a mass ratio of 1:70;

[0128] ② The modified silica aerogel is crushed and sieved to obtain aerogel particles. The dried fiber, aerogel particles and ethanol are added to a mixer and stirred evenly to obtain a composite slurry.

[0129] The mass ratio of dried fiber, aerogel particles, and ethanol is 1:0.8:2.5.

[0130] The sieve fineness is 200-240 mesh;

[0131] ③ The composite slurry obtained in step ② is placed in a spinning machine. The composite slurry is transported to an ethanol aqueous solution by a spinning pump and a spinneret to form nascent fibers. The nascent fibers are drawn out and stretched at a stretch ratio of 2.2:1. They are then dried at 46°C to obtain fibers based on modified mesoporous materials.

[0132] The ethanol-water mixture has a mass concentration of 75%.

[0133] Example 10

[0134] Example 5 describes a method for preparing fibers based on modified mesoporous materials, comprising the following steps:

[0135] ① The mixed fibers are opened by soaking in a first silane coupling agent-ethanol solution for 1.5 hours, then rinsed with ethanol and dried at 45°C to obtain the dried mixed fibers for later use.

[0136] The first silane coupling agent-ethanol solution was obtained by mixing γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane and ethanol at a mass ratio of 1:80;

[0137] ② The modified silica aerogel is crushed and sieved to obtain aerogel particles. The dried fiber, aerogel particles and ethanol are added to a mixer and stirred evenly to obtain a composite slurry.

[0138] The mass ratio of dried fiber, aerogel particles, and ethanol is 1:0.6:2.5.

[0139] The sieve fineness is 200-240 mesh;

[0140] ③ The composite slurry obtained in step ② is placed in a spinning machine. The composite slurry is transported to an ethanol aqueous solution by a spinning pump and a spinneret to form nascent fibers. The nascent fibers are drawn out and stretched at a stretch ratio of 2.0:1. They are then dried at 45°C to obtain fibers based on modified mesoporous materials.

[0141] The ethanol-water mixture has a mass concentration of 75%.

[0142] Example 11

[0143] A hydrophobic coating is formed on the outside of the fiber based on the modified mesoporous material obtained in Example 8. The specific steps are as follows:

[0144] A hydrophobic coating can be obtained by immersing fibers based on modified mesoporous materials in a heptadecafluorodecyltrimethoxysilane ethanol solution for a period of time, then removing and drying them.

[0145] The selection of soaking time and the mass concentration C of heptadecafluorodecyltrimethoxysilane ethanol solution are shown in Table 1.

[0146] Table 1. Selection of soaking time and mass concentration C of heptadecafluorodecyltrimethoxysilane ethanol solution.

[0147]

[0148]

[0149] Example 12-1

[0150] A wear-resistant coating is formed on the outer surface of the fiber based on the modified mesoporous material obtained in Example 9, and the specific steps are as follows:

[0151] The wear-resistant coating can be obtained by immersing fibers based on modified mesoporous materials in a polyurethane wear-resistant coating solution for 30 seconds and curing at 85°C for 2 hours.

[0152] The polyurethane wear-resistant coating solution is composed of polyurethane resin, curing agent and solvent in a mass ratio of 100:10:20.

[0153] Example 12-2

[0154] A wear-resistant coating is formed on the outer surface of the fiber based on the modified mesoporous material obtained in Example 9, and the specific steps are as follows:

[0155] The wear-resistant coating can be obtained by immersing fibers based on modified mesoporous materials in a polyurethane wear-resistant coating solution for 40 seconds and curing at 80°C for 2 hours.

[0156] The polyurethane wear-resistant coating solution is composed of polyurethane resin, curing agent and solvent in a mass ratio of 100:12:200.

[0157] Example 12-3

[0158] A wear-resistant coating is formed on the outer surface of the fiber based on the modified mesoporous material obtained in Example 9, and the specific steps are as follows:

[0159] The wear-resistant coating can be obtained by immersing fibers based on modified mesoporous materials in a polyurethane wear-resistant coating solution for 60 seconds and curing at 75°C for 2 hours.

[0160] The polyurethane wear-resistant coating solution is composed of polyurethane resin, curing agent and solvent in a mass ratio of 100:15:300.

[0161] Example 13-1

[0162] A conductive coating is formed on the outside of the fiber based on the modified mesoporous material obtained in Example 10, and the specific steps are as follows:

[0163] Q1: Immerse the fiber in a conductive polymer solution of polypyrrole or polyaniline for 10 minutes, wherein the concentration of the conductive polymer solution is 3%;

[0164] Q2: After removal, dry at 60℃ for 1 hour, and repeat the soaking once to improve the thickness and uniformity of the conductive layer.

[0165] Example 13-2

[0166] A conductive coating is formed on the outside of the fiber based on the modified mesoporous material obtained in Example 10, and the specific steps are as follows:

[0167] Q1: Immerse the fiber in a conductive polymer solution of polypyrrole or polyaniline for 20 minutes, wherein the concentration of the conductive polymer solution is 1%;

[0168] Q2: After removal, dry at 80℃ for 1 hour, and repeat the soaking twice to improve the thickness and uniformity of the conductive layer.

[0169] Example 13-3

[0170] A conductive coating is formed on the outside of the fiber based on the modified mesoporous material obtained in Example 10, and the specific steps are as follows:

[0171] Q1: Immerse the fiber in a conductive polymer solution of polypyrrole or polyaniline for 15 minutes, wherein the concentration of the conductive polymer solution is 2%;

[0172] Q2: After removal, dry at 70℃ for 1 hour, and repeat the soaking once to improve the thickness and uniformity of the conductive layer.

[0173] The fibers based on modified mesoporous materials obtained in Examples 6 to 13-2 above can be prepared into composite felts.

[0174] Example 14

[0175] A method for preparing a composite felt based on modified mesoporous materials includes the following steps:

[0176] S1. The fiber based on the modified mesoporous material is placed in an opening machine for mechanical opening to fully disperse the fiber bundle, and the aerogel debris and impurities on the fiber surface are removed by a vibrating screen.

[0177] S2. The fibers treated in step S1 are immersed in a second silane coupling agent-ethanol solution for 1 to 2 hours, dried, and then combed into a single fiber layer using a carding machine and a cross-laying machine to form a uniform fiber web.

[0178] The second silane coupling agent-ethanol solution is obtained by mixing the second silane coupling agent and ethanol at a mass ratio of 1:50 to 100;

[0179] The second silane coupling agent is γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane;

[0180] S3. Based on the cross-laying machine, the fiber web is orthogonally cross-laid to form a multi-layer composite fiber web, so that the fibers are isotropically distributed in the plane. Then, based on the needle punching machine, the composite fiber web is pre-needled. The needle barbs drive the fibers to interweave and entwine with each other to form a stable felt structure. The surface is then corrected using plain needles.

[0181] S4. Based on the hot air bonding machine and the heat-melting properties of hollow polyester fibers, the surface of the polyester fibers is slightly melted after needle punching, forming a dotted bond with natural fibers and aerogel particles. Then, a heat setting machine is used to eliminate the internal stress generated during the needle punching process and fix the thickness of the composite felt to obtain a composite felt. The edge sealing machine is used to weld the edges of the composite felt to prevent the fibers from falling off, resulting in a composite felt based on modified mesoporous materials.

[0182] The composite felt based on modified mesoporous material of the present invention underwent water washability verification, and the results are shown in Table 2. Abrasion resistance data are shown in Table 3, and electrical conductivity data are shown in Table 4.

[0183] Table 2 Comparison of water resistance of composite felts by appearance verification

[0184]

[0185] Table 3 Comparison of wear resistance of wear-resistant composite felts

[0186]

[0187] Table 4 Comparison of conductivity results of conductive composite felts

[0188]

[0189] As can be seen from the results in Table 2, the fiber felt based on modified mesoporous material prepared in this invention has good water washability, the composite felt prepared with fiber having wear-resistant coating has excellent wear resistance, and the composite felt prepared with conductive coating has excellent electrical conductivity.

Claims

1. A fiber based on a modified mesoporous material, characterized in that: The fiber based on the modified mesoporous material is obtained by mixing the mixed fiber treated with silane coupling agent, adding modified silica aerogel, and then spinning and stretching. The modified silica aerogel was prepared according to the following steps: A. Mix tetraethyl orthosilicate, ethanol and deionized water evenly, add hydrochloric acid dropwise to adjust the pH to 2.0~3.0 to obtain silica sol, set aside for later use; The mass ratio of tetraethyl orthosilicate, ethanol and deionized water is 2~3:2~3:1; B. Dissolve the first polyurethane resin in ethanol to obtain a polyurethane ethanol solution. Heat the silica sol to 60-70°C, and add the polyurethane ethanol solution and heptadecafluorodecyltrimethoxysilane to it while stirring. React at 70-80°C for 1-2 hours, pour it into a mold and let it stand for aging for 20-25 hours to obtain a wet gel. Place the obtained wet gel and the mold in a drying kettle and dry it at 10-15 kPa and 40-50°C using carbon dioxide as a medium to obtain modified silica aerogel. The polyurethane ethanol solution is obtained by mixing a first polyurethane resin and ethanol at a mass ratio of 1:10~15; The mass ratio of silica sol to polyurethane ethanol solution is 1:0.8~1.2; The mass of heptadecafluorodecyltrimethoxysilane is 4 to 6% of the mass of tetraethyl orthosilicate.

2. The fiber based on modified mesoporous material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mixed fiber is obtained by mixing hollow polyester fiber and natural fiber in a mass ratio of 1 to 5:

1.

3. The fiber based on modified mesoporous material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The natural fiber is cotton fiber.

4. The fiber based on modified mesoporous material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer side of the fiber based on the modified mesoporous material includes a protective coating, which is a hydrophobic coating, a wear-resistant coating, or a conductive coating.

5. The method for preparing fibers based on modified mesoporous materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: Includes the following steps: ① The mixed fibers are opened by soaking in a first silane coupling agent-ethanol solution for 1 to 2 hours, then rinsed with ethanol and dried at 40 to 50°C to obtain the dried mixed fibers for later use. The first silane coupling agent-ethanol solution is obtained by mixing γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane and ethanol at a mass ratio of 1:50~100; ② The modified silica aerogel is crushed and sieved to obtain aerogel particles. The dried fiber, aerogel particles and ethanol are added to a mixer and stirred evenly to obtain a composite slurry. The mass ratio of dried fiber, aerogel particles and ethanol is 1:0.5~1:2~3; The sieve fineness is 200~240 mesh; ③ The composite slurry obtained in step ② is placed in a spinning machine. The composite slurry is transported to an ethanol aqueous solution by a spinning pump and a spinneret to form nascent fibers. The nascent fibers are drawn out and stretched at a stretch ratio of 1.5~2.5:

1. They are then dried at 40~50℃ to obtain fibers based on modified mesoporous materials. The mass concentration of the ethanol in the water is 70-80%.

6. The method for preparing fibers based on modified mesoporous materials according to claim 5, characterized in that: It also includes forming a hydrophobic coating on the outside of the resulting fibers based on the modified mesoporous material, with the following specific steps: The hydrophobic coating is obtained by immersing the fiber based on the modified mesoporous material in a heptadecafluorodecyltrimethoxysilane ethanol solution for 10-20 minutes, removing it and air-drying it. The mass concentration of the heptadecyltrimethoxysilane ethanol solution is 1-5%.

7. The method for preparing fibers based on modified mesoporous materials according to claim 5, characterized in that: It also includes forming a wear-resistant coating on the outside of the resulting fibers based on modified mesoporous materials, with the following specific steps: The wear-resistant coating can be obtained by immersing the fiber based on the modified mesoporous material in a polyurethane wear-resistant coating solution for 30-60 seconds and curing it at 75-85℃ for 2 hours. The polyurethane wear-resistant coating solution is composed of a second polyurethane resin, a curing agent, and a solvent in a mass ratio of 100:10~15:20~300.

8. The method for preparing fibers based on modified mesoporous materials according to claim 5, characterized in that: It also includes forming a conductive coating on the outside of the resulting fibers based on the modified mesoporous material, with the following specific steps: Q1: Immerse the fibers in a conductive polymer solution of polypyrrole or polyaniline for 10-20 minutes, wherein the concentration of the conductive polymer solution is 1-3%; Q2: After removing, dry at 60~80℃ for 1 hour, and repeat the soaking 1~2 times to improve the thickness and uniformity of the conductive layer.

9. The application of the fiber based on the modified mesoporous material as described in claim 1, characterized in that: A composite felt based on modified mesoporous materials was prepared.

10. The method for preparing a composite felt based on a modified mesoporous material as described in claim 9, characterized in that: Includes the following steps: S1. The fiber based on the modified mesoporous material is placed in an opening machine for mechanical opening to fully disperse the fiber bundle, and the aerogel debris and impurities on the fiber surface are removed by a vibrating screen. S2. The fibers treated in step S1 are immersed in a second silane coupling agent-ethanol solution for 1-2 hours, dried, and then combed into a single fiber layer using a carding machine and a cross-laying machine to form a uniform fiber web. The second silane coupling agent-ethanol solution is obtained by mixing the second silane coupling agent and ethanol at a mass ratio of 1:50~100; The second silane coupling agent is γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane; S3. Based on the cross-laying machine, the fiber web is orthogonally cross-laid to form a multi-layer composite fiber web, so that the fibers are isotropically distributed in the plane. Then, based on the needle punching machine, the composite fiber web is pre-needled. The needle barbs drive the fibers to interweave and entwine with each other to form a stable felt structure. The surface is then corrected using plain needles. S4. Based on the hot air bonding machine and the heat-melting properties of hollow polyester fibers, the surface of the polyester fibers is slightly melted after needle punching, forming a dotted bond with natural fibers and aerogel particles. Then, a heat setting machine is used to eliminate the internal stress generated during the needle punching process and fix the thickness of the composite felt to obtain a composite felt. An edge sealing machine is used to weld the edges of the composite felt to prevent the fibers from falling off, resulting in a composite felt based on modified mesoporous materials.

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