A downhole gas influx monitoring device and method for a drill string

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of drilling equipment, and discloses a downhole gas invasion monitoring device arranged on a drill string and a monitoring method, the downhole gas invasion monitoring device comprising a controller, a monitoring sleeve, a monitoring assembly and a data acquisition system; the monitoring sleeve is provided with a plurality of liquid pumping assemblies on the periphery, the liquid pumping assembly comprises a piston cylinder, the bottom of the piston cylinder is provided with a drilling fluid inlet and outlet passage, and a valve is arranged on the drilling fluid inlet and outlet passage; a driving assembly is arranged above the piston cylinder, one end of the driving assembly is provided with a piston, and a distance measuring sensor is arranged on the piston cylinder; a telescopic assembly electrically connected with the controller is arranged on the monitoring sleeve, and the telescopic assembly is provided with a telescopic end capable of extending into the monitoring sleeve; the controller controls the telescopic assembly to extend and retract according to the corresponding preset action process according to the gas invasion degree, the monitoring assembly transmits standpipe pressure data to the data acquisition system, and the data acquisition system identifies the downhole gas invasion degree. Through the arrangement of the downhole gas invasion monitoring device, the downhole gas invasion information can be stably and reliably identified.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of drilling equipment technology, and in particular to a downhole gas intrusion monitoring device and method installed on the drill string. Background Technology

[0002] Drilling equipment is a general term for mechanical equipment used to drill wells on the surface of the earth. It is widely used in the oil extraction field. In oil extraction, drilling equipment includes surface equipment such as derricks, power systems, mud circulation systems, etc., as well as drill string parts located downhole such as drill pipes, drill collars, and drill tools. In actual drilling, when the bottom hole pressure is lower than the formation pressure, formation gas can invade the drilling fluid, causing gas intrusion. If gas intrusion is not identified in time, it may lead to serious well kicks or even blowouts, causing huge safety hazards and economic losses. Therefore, it is necessary to identify gas intrusion as early as possible during the drilling process so that it can be dealt with in the early stages and the damage caused by gas intrusion can be controlled to a minimum.

[0003] Currently, gas invasion monitoring is mainly divided into two categories: The first category is monitoring methods based on surface parameters, including monitoring changes in mud pit liquid level and differences in flow rates between wellhead inlet and outlet. These methods indirectly infer whether gas invasion has occurred and the degree of gas invasion through wellhead parameters. However, this method is greatly affected by the gas expansion hysteresis effect, making it difficult to respond in real time to early gas invasion and resulting in significant monitoring delays. The second category is downhole monitoring methods, such as real-time monitoring methods based on intelligent drill pipe systems or bottom hole sensors. These methods theoretically have the advantage of real-time performance, but due to the harsh environment at the bottom hole (high temperature and pressure, high corrosiveness, strong disturbance), sensors are prone to failure, making it difficult to guarantee the stability and reliability of monitoring. In addition, trace gases in the well often exist in the form of microbubbles, so the signal is weak and transmission is limited when the sensor monitors, which also restricts the practical application of this type of method. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this invention provides a downhole gas intrusion monitoring device and method installed on the drill string.

[0005] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a downhole gas invasion monitoring device installed on a drill string, comprising a controller, a monitoring casing installed at the bottom of the drill string, a monitoring component installed at the wellhead capable of monitoring standpipe pressure, and a data acquisition system electrically connected to the monitoring component; the monitoring casing is provided with multiple pumping components capable of pumping drilling fluid, each pumping component including a piston cylinder installed on the outer wall of the monitoring casing, the bottom of the piston cylinder having a drilling fluid inlet / outlet channel, and a valve installed on the drilling fluid inlet / outlet channel; a drive component is provided above the piston cylinder, one end of the drive component having a piston slidably installed inside the piston cylinder, and a ranging sensor electrically connected to the controller is provided on the piston cylinder; the drive component... After the piston is driven to extract drilling fluid, the valve is closed, and the drive assembly pulls the piston with a constant force. The displacement of the piston is measured by a distance sensor. The monitoring casing is equipped with a telescopic assembly electrically connected to the controller. The telescopic assembly has a telescopic end that can extend into the monitoring casing. The controller determines the degree of gas intrusion based on the final displacement of the piston. The controller controls the telescopic assembly to extend and retract according to the corresponding preset action procedure based on the degree of gas intrusion, so that the wellhead riser pressure changes according to the corresponding pattern. The monitoring assembly monitors the riser pressure in real time and transmits the riser pressure data to the data acquisition system. The data acquisition system identifies the degree of downhole gas intrusion by analyzing the changes in the pressure signal.

[0006] Optionally, the inner diameter of the piston cylinder is 2cm, the length is 1m, and the final displacement of the piston is denoted as a;

[0007] When a=0, the degree of air intrusion is no air intrusion;

[0008] When 0 < a ≤ 0.05 m, the degree of air intrusion is slight air intrusion;

[0009] When a > 0.05m, the degree of air intrusion is severe air intrusion.

[0010] Optionally, it also includes a hydroelectric power generation component, which includes a rotor spaced apart inside the monitoring sleeve, multiple generators located outside the monitoring sleeve, and a storage battery capable of supplying power to electrical appliances. Each generator is driven to its corresponding rotor, and the storage battery is electrically connected to the generator.

[0011] Optionally, the controller generates a unique binary code corresponding to the degree of air intrusion, and controls the extension and retraction of the telescopic component according to the binary code; in the binary code, "0" indicates that the telescopic component extends and remains in the extended state for a first preset time, and then retracts and remains in the retracted state for a second preset time; "1" indicates that the telescopic component extends and remains in the extended state for a third preset time, and then retracts and remains in the retracted state for a fourth preset time.

[0012] Optionally, the drive assembly includes a motor, a ball screw connected to the motor output shaft, a sleeve, and a nut capable of linear movement. The nut is threadedly connected to the ball screw, one end of the nut is rotatably connected to the sleeve, the other end of the sleeve is connected to a piston, and one end of the ball screw is inserted into the sleeve.

[0013] Optionally, the top end of the monitoring sleeve is the mounting end, which has multiple cavities for mounting motors. Each cavity houses a corresponding motor, and the motor output shaft is dynamically sealed to the monitoring sleeve and extends out of the monitoring sleeve to connect with the corresponding ball screw.

[0014] Optionally, the valve includes a lower valve and an upper valve, which are spaced apart in the drilling fluid inlet and outlet channels.

[0015] Optionally, the monitoring casing has a male connector on one side and a female connector on the other side. The monitoring casing is connected to the drill string through the male and female connectors and is coaxial with the drill string.

[0016] Optionally, the piston cylinder is equipped with a temperature and pressure sensor that can monitor the temperature and pressure of the drilling fluid, and the temperature and pressure sensor is electrically connected to the controller.

[0017] Secondly, the present invention provides a monitoring method for a downhole gas intrusion monitoring device installed on a drill string, comprising:

[0018] Open the valve, start the drive assembly, and pump some of the drilling fluid into the piston cylinder;

[0019] Close the valve and start the drive assembly, so that the drive assembly pulls the piston with a constant force;

[0020] The ranging sensor monitors the displacement of the piston in real time, and the controller receives the displacement data transmitted by the ranging sensor.

[0021] After the piston stops moving, the controller determines the degree of gas intrusion based on the final displacement of the piston. The controller then controls the telescopic component to extend and retract according to the corresponding preset action procedure based on the degree of gas intrusion, so that the wellhead riser pressure changes according to the corresponding pattern.

[0022] The monitoring component monitors the wellhead riser pressure in real time and transmits the riser pressure data to the data acquisition system. The data acquisition system analyzes the changes in the pressure signal to identify the degree of downhole gas intrusion.

[0023] The technical solution provided by the embodiments of the present invention has the following advantages compared with the prior art:

[0024] By setting up a pumping assembly, after the pumping assembly extracts drilling fluid, it pulls a piston with a constant tension. Combined with the displacement data acquired by a ranging sensor, the controller can directly determine the degree of gas intrusion from the final displacement. Then, the controller controls the telescopic assembly to extend and retract according to a preset action sequence based on the degree of gas intrusion. When the telescopic assembly extends, the drilling fluid pressure increases due to the reduced flow cross-sectional area, and vice versa. Therefore, the telescopic assembly can systematically change the wellhead riser pressure according to the degree of gas intrusion, timely converting and amplifying the gas intrusion information into pressure information. The wellhead monitoring assembly can measure the pressure changes and identify the gas intrusion information transmitted by the pressure signal through a data acquisition system. During the process, the change in pressure inside the well by the telescopic component is rapid. The riser pressure value itself does not transmit gas intrusion information. Instead, the degree of gas intrusion is transmitted by the riser pressure changing in a certain pattern over a period of time. Therefore, the measurement accuracy of the specific pressure value will not affect the transmission of gas intrusion information. Thus, the monitoring device of this invention has the advantage of strong resistance to environmental interference and can solve the problem of gas intrusion monitoring methods in the prior art not responding in time and having obvious monitoring delays. Since the parts that are in direct contact with the well cavity are all mechanical structures, they have the advantages of longer service life and relatively lower failure rate compared with sensors. Therefore, its monitoring stability and reliability are relatively high in harsh drilling environments. Attached Figure Description

[0025] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a downhole gas intrusion monitoring device installed on the drill string, provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional view of a downhole gas intrusion monitoring device installed on a drill string, as provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the hydroelectric power generation component installed in the monitoring sleeve according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0028] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached diagram: 1. Drilling fluid inlet / outlet channel; 2. Monitoring casing; 3. Ball screw; 4. Impeller; 5. Lower valve; 6. Upper valve; 7. Controller; 8. Motor; 9. Telescopic assembly; 10. Casing; 11. Piston cylinder; 12. Piston; 13. Generator; 14. Nut; 15. Battery; 16. Mounting end; 17. Female connector; 18. Male connector. Detailed Implementation

[0029] The following detailed description of a specific embodiment of the present invention is provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. However, it should be understood that the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiment.

[0030] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "axial," "radial," and "circumferential" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing the technical solution of this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.

[0031] Example 1:

[0032] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, this embodiment provides a downhole gas invasion monitoring device installed on the drill string, including a controller 7, a monitoring casing 2 installed at the bottom of the drill string (the drill string includes an upper part and a bottom part, and the monitoring casing 2 is located between the upper part and the bottom part), a monitoring component installed at the wellhead capable of monitoring standpipe pressure, and a data acquisition system electrically connected to the monitoring component; the monitoring casing 2 is provided with multiple pumping components capable of extracting drilling fluid on its outer periphery, the pumping components including a piston cylinder 11 installed on the outer wall of the monitoring casing 2, the bottom of the piston cylinder 11 having a drilling fluid inlet / outlet channel 1, and a valve installed on the drilling fluid inlet / outlet channel 1; a drive component is provided above the piston cylinder 11, one end of the drive component having a piston 12 slidably installed inside the piston cylinder 11, and the piston cylinder 11 is provided with a controller 7, a monitoring casing 2 installed at the bottom of the drill string (the drill string includes an upper part and a bottom part), a monitoring component capable of monitoring standpipe pressure, and a data acquisition system electrically connected to the monitoring component; a driving component is provided above the piston cylinder 11, one end of the driving component having a piston 12 slidably installed inside the piston cylinder 11, and a data acquisition system electrically connected to the monitoring component. An electrically connected ranging sensor; after the drive assembly drives the piston 12 to extract drilling fluid, the valve is closed, and the drive assembly pulls the piston 12 with a constant pulling force. The displacement of the piston 12 is measured by the ranging sensor; the monitoring casing 2 is equipped with a telescopic assembly 9 electrically connected to the controller 7. The telescopic assembly 9 has a telescopic end that can extend into the monitoring casing 2; the controller 7 determines the degree of gas intrusion based on the final displacement of the piston 12, and controls the telescopic assembly 9 to extend and retract according to the corresponding preset action procedure based on the degree of gas intrusion, so that the wellhead riser pressure changes according to the corresponding law. The monitoring assembly monitors the riser pressure in real time and transmits the riser pressure data to the data acquisition system. The data acquisition system identifies the degree of downhole gas intrusion by analyzing the changes in the pressure signal.

[0033] In this embodiment, the monitoring casing 2 and the drill string are coaxially arranged, the piston cylinder 11 has a volume of 0.314L, the piston cross-sectional area is about 3.14 square centimeters, and the piston stroke is 0-0.9m.

[0034] In this embodiment, the purpose of setting up multiple pumping components is that, since it takes a certain amount of time to pull the piston to collect drilling fluid, setting up multiple pumping components allows them to work in cycles and monitor different stages at the same time, thus obtaining continuous monitoring data.

[0035] In this embodiment, the principle of reflecting the degree of gas invasion through displacement is as follows: due to the difference in physical properties between the gas and liquid phases, the liquid is difficult to compress, while the gas is easy to compress and expand. According to the gas state equation PV=nRT, the ideal gas constant R and temperature T are assumed to remain unchanged. If there is gas in the drilling fluid, the gas pressure will decrease and the gas volume will increase after the piston is pulled. Therefore, the piston displacement can directly reflect the degree of gas invasion.

[0036] In this embodiment, all electrical appliances are sealed, and dynamic sealing is used when a position where relative rotation occurs requires sealing.

[0037] like Figure 3 As shown, it also includes a hydroelectric power generation component, which includes a rotor 4 spaced apart inside the monitoring sleeve 2, multiple generators 13 located outside the monitoring sleeve 2, and a storage battery 15 capable of supplying power to electrical appliances. Each generator 13 is drivenly connected to the corresponding rotor 4 (the output shaft of the generator is dynamically sealed to the monitoring sleeve and extends into the monitoring sleeve and is drivenly connected to the rotor), and the storage battery 15 is electrically connected to the generator 13.

[0038] In this embodiment, the drilling fluid can flow through the monitoring casing 2 to impact the impeller, thereby driving the generator to generate electricity.

[0039] The controller 7 generates a unique binary code corresponding to the degree of air intrusion. The controller controls the extension and retraction of the telescopic component 9 according to the binary code. In the binary code, "0" means that the telescopic component 9 extends and remains in the extended state for a first preset time (0.5 seconds), and then retracts and remains in the retracted state for a second preset time (0.5 seconds). "1" means that the telescopic component 9 extends and remains in the extended state for a third preset time (1.5 seconds), and then retracts and remains in the retracted state for a fourth preset time (0.5 seconds).

[0040] In this embodiment, in order to make the telescopic assembly adjust the pressure inside the well significantly, a baffle plate is installed at the telescopic end of the telescopic assembly, and the telescopic assembly adopts a plunger cylinder.

[0041] The drive assembly includes a motor 8, a ball screw 3 connected to the output shaft of the motor, a sleeve 10, and a nut 14 capable of linear movement. The nut 14 is threadedly connected to the ball screw 3, and one end of the nut 14 is rotatably connected to the sleeve 10. The other end of the sleeve 10 is connected to the piston 12, and one end of the ball screw 3 is inserted into the sleeve 10.

[0042] In this embodiment, a guide rail is provided on the piston cylinder, and a slider is slidably mounted on the guide rail. The slider is connected to the nut, so that the nut can only move in a straight line.

[0043] The top end of the monitoring sleeve 2 is the mounting end 16. The mounting end 16 has multiple cavities that can install motors 8. Each cavity is equipped with a corresponding motor 8. The motor output shaft is dynamically sealed to the monitoring sleeve 2 and extends out of the monitoring sleeve 2 to connect with the corresponding ball screw 3.

[0044] In this embodiment, the mounting end 16 has a larger diameter than other parts of the monitoring sleeve 2, so the motor output shaft can extend from the end face of the mounting end (e.g., Figure 2 (As shown).

[0045] The valves include a lower valve 5 and an upper valve 6, which are spaced apart in the drilling fluid inlet / outlet channel 1.

[0046] The monitoring casing 2 has a male connector 18 on one side and a female connector 17 on the other side. The monitoring casing 2 is connected to the drill string through the male connector 18 and the female connector 17 and is coaxial with the drill string.

[0047] In this embodiment, both the male connector 18 and the female connector 17 are provided with API standard drill string threads. The drill string includes a drill rod and a drill collar. The monitoring sleeve 2 is threadedly connected to the drill rod and the drill collar through the male connector 18 and the female connector 17.

[0048] The inner diameter of piston cylinder 11 is 2cm and its length is 1m. The final displacement of piston 12 is denoted as a.

[0049] When a=0, the degree of air intrusion is no air intrusion;

[0050] When 0 < a ≤ 0.05 m, the degree of air intrusion is slight air intrusion;

[0051] When a > 0.05m, the degree of air intrusion is severe air intrusion.

[0052] In this embodiment, the binary codes 100, 101, 110, and 111 represent no air intrusion, slight air intrusion, moderate air intrusion, and severe air intrusion, respectively, and the telescopic component operates according to the binary codes.

[0053] The piston cylinder 11 is equipped with a temperature and pressure sensor that can monitor the temperature and pressure of the drilling fluid. The temperature and pressure sensor is electrically connected to the controller.

[0054] During drilling: Assuming a well depth of 5000m, a temperature of 150°C, and a pressure of 70MPa, the gas is compressed to 400-600 times its normal volume (equivalent to surface pressure). A piston 12 is installed inside a piston cylinder 11 (with a cross-sectional area of ​​approximately 3.14 cm², a diameter of 2cm, and a height of 1m). Initially, the upper and lower valves are opened to allow 0.0314 L of drilling fluid sample to flow in, after which the upper and lower valves are closed, and the drive assembly is activated to pull the piston with a constant pulling force. If gas intrusion occurs, due to the easy expansion of gas, piston 12 is pulled, the pressure inside the piston cylinder decreases, and the gas volume increases. The movement distance of the piston is measured by a distance sensor (displacement sensor), with the piston displacement ranging from 0-0.9m. The controller controls the extension and retraction of the telescopic assembly using binary encoding, changing the drilling riser pressure. Then, the data acquisition system on the surface identifies the degree of gas intrusion, achieving highly sensitive early detection of gas intrusion. After monitoring is completed, the upper and lower valves are opened, pushing piston 12 back to its original position. Without gas intrusion, a large force is required to pull piston 12; therefore, the maximum pulling force is set to not exceed this value.

[0055] In addition, during real-time monitoring, the number of monitoring devices can be increased in the drill string, such as setting one every 100 meters, to avoid problems such as missed or false measurements due to untimely bottom monitoring.

[0056] Example 2:

[0057] This embodiment provides a monitoring method for a downhole gas intrusion monitoring device installed on the drill string, including:

[0058] Step 1: Open the valve, start the drive assembly, and pump some of the drilling fluid into the piston cylinder 11.

[0059] Step 2: Close the valve and start the drive assembly to pull the piston 12 with a constant force;

[0060] Step 3: The ranging sensor monitors the displacement of piston 12 in real time, and the controller 7 receives the displacement data transmitted by the ranging sensor.

[0061] Step 4: After piston 12 stops moving, controller 7 determines the degree of gas intrusion based on the final displacement of piston 12. The controller controls the telescopic component 9 to extend and retract according to the corresponding preset action procedure based on the degree of gas intrusion, so that the wellhead riser pressure changes according to the corresponding pattern.

[0062] Step 5: The monitoring component monitors the wellhead riser pressure in real time and transmits the riser pressure data to the data acquisition system. The data acquisition system analyzes the changes in the pressure signal to identify the degree of downhole gas intrusion.

[0063] The above embodiments are merely a few specific embodiments of the present invention. However, the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto, and any variations that can be conceived by those skilled in the art should fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A downhole gas intrusion monitoring device installed on the drill string, characterized in that, It includes a controller, a monitoring casing located at the bottom of the drill string, a monitoring component located at the wellhead capable of monitoring riser pressure, and a data acquisition system electrically connected to the monitoring component; The outer periphery of the monitoring casing is equipped with multiple pumping assemblies capable of extracting drilling fluid. Each pumping assembly includes a piston cylinder located on the outer wall of the monitoring casing. The bottom of the piston cylinder has a drilling fluid inlet / outlet channel, and a valve is installed on the drilling fluid inlet / outlet channel. A drive assembly is located above the piston cylinder. One end of the drive assembly has a piston that is slidably installed inside the piston cylinder. A distance sensor electrically connected to the controller is installed on the piston cylinder. After the drive assembly drives the piston to extract drilling fluid, it closes the valve and pulls the piston with a constant pulling force. The displacement of the piston is measured by the distance sensor. The monitoring casing is equipped with a telescopic component electrically connected to the controller. The telescopic component has a telescopic end that can extend into the monitoring casing. The controller determines the degree of gas intrusion based on the final displacement of the piston. The controller controls the telescopic component to extend and retract according to the corresponding preset action procedure based on the degree of gas intrusion, so that the wellhead riser pressure changes according to the corresponding pattern. The monitoring component monitors the riser pressure in real time and transmits the riser pressure data to the data acquisition system. The data acquisition system identifies the degree of downhole gas intrusion by analyzing the changes in the pressure signal. It also includes a hydroelectric power generation component, which includes a rotor spaced apart inside the monitoring sleeve, multiple generators located outside the monitoring sleeve, and a storage battery capable of supplying power to electrical appliances. Each generator is driven to the corresponding rotor, and the storage battery is electrically connected to the generator. The controller generates a unique binary code corresponding to the degree of air intrusion, and controls the extension and retraction of the telescopic component according to the binary code. In the binary code, "0" indicates that the telescopic component extends and remains in the extended state for a first preset time, and then retracts and remains in the retracted state for a second preset time; "1" indicates that the telescopic component extends and remains in the extended state for a third preset time, and then retracts and remains in the retracted state for a fourth preset time. The drive assembly includes a motor, a ball screw connected to the motor output shaft, a sleeve, and a nut capable of linear movement. The nut is threadedly connected to the ball screw, and one end of the nut is rotatably connected to the sleeve. The other end of the sleeve is connected to a piston, and one end of the ball screw is inserted into the sleeve. The top end of the monitoring sleeve is the mounting end, which has multiple cavities for mounting motors. Each cavity houses a corresponding motor. The motor output shaft is dynamically sealed to the monitoring sleeve and extends out of the monitoring sleeve to connect with the corresponding ball screw.

2. The downhole gas intrusion monitoring device installed on the drill string as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The inner diameter of the piston cylinder is 2cm, and the final displacement of the piston is denoted as a. When a=0, the degree of air intrusion is no air intrusion; When 0 < a ≤ 0.05 m, the degree of air intrusion is slight air intrusion; When a > 0.05m, the degree of air intrusion is severe air intrusion.

3. The downhole gas intrusion monitoring device installed on the drill string as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The valve includes a lower valve and an upper valve, which are spaced apart in the drilling fluid inlet and outlet channels.

4. The downhole gas intrusion monitoring device installed on the drill string as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The monitoring casing has a male connector on one side and a female connector on the other side. The monitoring casing is connected to the drill string through the male and female connectors and is coaxial with the drill string.

5. The downhole gas intrusion monitoring device installed on the drill string as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The piston cylinder is equipped with a temperature and pressure sensor that can monitor the temperature and pressure of the drilling fluid. The temperature and pressure sensor and the controller are electrically connected.

6. The monitoring method of the downhole gas intrusion monitoring device installed on the drill string as described in any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, include: Open the valve, start the drive assembly, and pump some of the drilling fluid into the piston cylinder; Close the valve and start the drive assembly, so that the drive assembly pulls the piston with a constant force; The ranging sensor monitors the displacement of the piston in real time, and the controller receives the displacement data transmitted by the ranging sensor. After the piston stops moving, the controller determines the degree of gas intrusion based on the final displacement of the piston. The controller then controls the telescopic component to extend and retract according to the corresponding preset action procedure based on the degree of gas intrusion, so that the wellhead riser pressure changes according to the corresponding pattern. The monitoring component monitors the wellhead riser pressure in real time and transmits the riser pressure data to the data acquisition system. The data acquisition system analyzes the changes in the pressure signal to identify the degree of downhole gas intrusion.

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