A multifunctional device and method for soil test

Abstract

The application belongs to the technical field of building engineering detection, and particularly relates to a multifunctional geotechnical test device and method, which comprises: a support frame part, including a main frame for placing the test device, the main frame being divided into three parts of upper, middle and lower parts; an upper load applying part, arranged on the top of the support frame part, including a rotating motor and a cross torsion piece for torsion test, and a second square steel connecting block and a downward disc for shear and penetration test; a first static load applying part, arranged on the left side of the middle part of the support frame part; a right side dynamic load applying part, arranged on the right side of the middle part of the support frame part; and a lower load applying part, arranged on the middle part of the support frame part, including upper and lower shear boxes for shear and torsion test, and a penetration water bucket for penetration test. The multifunctional geotechnical test device can solve the problems of the existing conventional test device, such as single function, poor adaptability and difficulty in simultaneously meeting multiple test requirements.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the technical field of building engineering testing, and more particularly to a multifunctional geotechnical testing apparatus and a multifunctional geotechnical testing method. Background Technology

[0002] In engineering applications, it is necessary to test the properties of foundation soil and rock masses to lay a solid foundation for engineering construction. Traditional single-function geotechnical testing devices are insufficient to meet the complex and diverse engineering needs. Traditional devices have limited functionality and poor adaptability. They are often designed for a specific performance characteristic and cannot accommodate multiple testing requirements. When multiple performance tests are required on foundation soil and rock masses in complex or large-scale engineering projects, existing testing devices cannot meet the need for multi-functionality. This results in a wide variety of testing equipment, low testing efficiency, lengthy procedures, complex operation, high technical requirements, large space occupation, and inconvenient maintenance. Summary of the Invention

[0003] Based on the shortcomings of the existing technology, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a multifunctional geotechnical testing device to solve the problems of existing traditional testing devices having single function, poor adaptability, and difficulty in simultaneously meeting multiple testing needs. By designing corresponding upper load application part, first static load application part, right dynamic load application part, and lower load application part, the device integrates the shear, torsion, and permeability tests of soil and rock, which greatly saves the time for replacing testing equipment and saves site space and equipment operation and maintenance costs.

[0004] Another objective of this invention is to provide a multifunctional geotechnical testing method that can be directly applied to existing soil and rock shear, torsion, and permeability tests. By integrating similar steps and mechanisms, it achieves multiple uses in one machine.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention employs the following technical measures:

[0006] A multifunctional geotechnical testing device of the present invention includes: a support frame, comprising a main frame for supporting the testing device, the main frame being divided into upper, middle, and lower sections; an upper load application section, mounted on the top of the support frame, including a rotary motor and a cross-shaped torsion plate for torsion testing, a second square steel connecting block and a downward disk for shear and permeability testing, the output shaft of the rotary motor being connected to the cross-shaped torsion plate via a torque sensor; and a first static load application section, mounted on the left side of the middle section of the support frame, for applying a horizontal load to the lower shear box. The support frame consists of a dynamic load application section on the right side, located in the middle right of the support frame, which includes a small pneumatic cylinder and a force-applying screw for slowly applying force to the upper shear box, a linear guide slider for moving the small pneumatic cylinder, and a heavy hammer for repeatedly impacting the upper shear box. The lower load application section, located in the middle of the support frame, includes an upper and lower shear box for shear and torsion tests, a second and a third static load application section for controlling the relative movement of the upper and lower shear boxes, and a permeation tank for permeation tests.

[0007] Preferably, the middle region of the main frame includes a horizontal support frame installed between the first angle iron, the second angle iron, the third angle iron, and the fourth angle iron. This horizontal support frame is a U-shaped support frame welded from square tubes. The left side of the U-shaped support frame has an outwardly extending thin tube for placing the first static load pressure part, and the right side of the U-shaped support frame has an outwardly extending thick tube for placing the right dynamic load pressure part. The upper region of the main frame includes an upper reaction beam fixed by nuts to the first lead screw, the second lead screw, the third lead screw, and the fourth lead screw that penetrate the middle and lower regions of the main frame.

[0008] Furthermore, the upper load application part includes a first cylinder, a first square steel connecting block, a first tension / compression sensor, and a first level ruler connected sequentially from top to bottom. The first cylinder is fixed to the bottom of the upper reaction beam by an upper iron plate and a lower iron plate. The bottom of the first level ruler is a detachable structure, and it can be connected in two ways according to the actual test requirements: one is to connect it to the rotary motor, and the other is to connect it to the second square steel connecting block.

[0009] Furthermore, the first static load pressure application part includes a first fixed shaft push rod stepper motor, a second tension / compression sensor, a third steel connecting block, and a second level ruler connected sequentially from back to front. The first fixed shaft push rod stepper motor is mounted on the thin tube. The second static load pressure application part and the third static load pressure application part have the same structure as the first static load pressure application part, except that the second level ruler is removed.

[0010] Furthermore, the second static load applying part is fixedly connected to the first rack, which meshes with one side of the first gear, and the other side of the first gear meshes with the rack track on the side of the upper shear box; the third static load applying part is fixedly connected to the second rack, which meshes with one side of the second gear, and the other side of the second gear meshes with the rack track on the side of the lower shear box; the lower shear box is provided with L-shaped iron plates on one side of its rack track and on the opposite side, for limiting the upper shear box placed on it.

[0011] Furthermore, the middle of the third lead screw and the fourth lead screw is fixed with an upper clamping iron plate by a nut, and the middle of the first lead screw and the second lead screw is fixed with a lower clamping iron plate by a nut; static load pressure mounting brackets are fixed on both sides of the I-shaped support frame, and the two static load pressure mounting brackets are respectively located at the lower left corner and the upper right corner of the I-shaped support frame, and the second static load pressure part and the third static load pressure part are respectively installed on the two static load pressure mounting brackets.

[0012] Furthermore, the linear guide slider is installed in the middle of the thick tube, and a first iron plate is installed on the linear guide slider. A second iron plate is installed on the upper left side of the thick tube, and a pulley is fixed on the second iron plate. A cylinder mounting plate is installed on the front side of the thick tube. The second iron plate has an opening in the space below the pulley, and a rope passes through the opening. One end of the rope near the ground is fixedly connected to the weight, and the other end is fixedly connected to the first iron plate. The first iron plate is equipped with the small pneumatic cylinder, and the output shaft of the small pneumatic cylinder is connected to the force-applying screw.

[0013] Preferably, the cylinder mounting plate is connected from left to right to a left pneumatic throttle valve, a rodless cylinder, and a right pneumatic throttle valve. The rodless cylinder is equipped with a sliding electric gripper, which clamps the side of the first iron plate and connects to it.

[0014] Preferably, the permeation tank has two openings on the upper side and one opening on the lower side, and the shape of the top opening of the permeation tank matches the shape of the downward-facing disc.

[0015] Accordingly, the present invention also provides a multifunctional geotechnical testing method, using the aforementioned multifunctional geotechnical testing apparatus, the steps of which are as follows:

[0016] S1. Shear Test: When the multifunctional geotechnical testing device is applied to the shear test, an upper shear box and a lower shear box are placed on the force-bearing disc. The soil and rock mass to be tested are placed inside and meshed with the first and second gears. The first and second gears are then meshed with the first and second racks. At this time, the second tension and compression sensors of the second and third static load application parts monitor the forces on the upper and lower shear boxes in real time. The detachable structure of the upper load application part is replaced with a second square steel connecting block to the lower disc. The level of the device is monitored by the first level. The first cylinder pushes out to apply downward force, while the second fixed shaft push rod stepper motor pushes out to apply upward force, causing the lower disc to compress the soil and rock mass downward. The force-bearing disc supports the upper and lower shear boxes containing the soil and rock mass upward. At the same time, the vertical pressure is monitored by the first tension and compression sensor. Then, the corresponding shearing method is selected as needed: slow application of force, using the pull of the weight to... The first iron plate moves along a linear guide rail via a slider and approaches the upper shear box, causing the force-applying screw to contact the upper shear box. This controls a small pneumatic cylinder to extend and slowly apply force to the upper shear box. Simultaneously, the first fixed-axis push rod stepper motor of the first static load pressure section extends, causing the screw at the end of the second level away from the third steel connecting block to contact the lower shear box, thus slowly applying force to the lower shear box. The level of the first static load pressure section is detected by the second level, and the magnitude of the applied force is monitored by the second tension and compression sensor. Repeated impacts occur as air is supplied to the left and right pneumatic throttle valves by an air compressor. At this time, the electric gripper holds the side of the first iron plate, causing the electric gripper on the rodless cylinder to move the first iron plate away from the upper shear box. The weight is pulled up by the first iron plate through a rope and pulley. After reaching a specified distance, the electric gripper is suddenly released, causing the first iron plate to fall back under the weight. This causes the force-applying screw on it to impact the upper shear box. This process is repeated to achieve repeated impacts.

[0017] S2. Torsion Test: When the multifunctional geotechnical testing device is applied to the torsion test, an upper shear box and a lower shear box are placed on the force-bearing disc, and the soil and rock mass to be tested are placed inside. At the same time, the upper and lower clamping iron plates are moved to the same height as the upper and lower shear boxes by controlling the nuts. The upper and lower shear boxes are locked by limiting the two sides of the upper and lower shear boxes. Here, it is not necessary to mesh the upper and lower shear boxes with the first gear and the second gear. At this time, the detachable structure of the upper load application part is replaced with a rotary motor and a cross torsion plate. The level of the device is monitored by the first level ruler, and the first cylinder is controlled to push out so that the cross torsion plate enters the soil and rock mass. The output shaft of the rotary motor is controlled to rotate, which drives the cross torsion plate to rotate in the soil and rock mass. The torque is monitored in real time by the torque sensor on the output shaft of the rotary motor, thereby completing the torsion test.

[0018] S3. Permeability Test: When the multifunctional geotechnical testing device is used for permeability testing, the permeation tank is placed on the load-bearing disc, and the soil and rock to be tested are placed inside the permeation tank. The opening on the permeation tank is connected to the permeameter through the connecting pipe. The detachable structure of the upper load application part is replaced with a second square steel connecting block and the downward disc. The level is monitored by the first level, and the first cylinder is pushed out to apply downward force, so that the downward disc enters the permeation tank to seal it. The sealing degree of the permeation tank is checked to prevent water leakage from the connecting pipe. Then, an appropriate amount of water is added to the permeation tank, and the water level is adjusted to the required height. The permeameter is started, and the required permeation pressure or head is set. The changes in water flow and permeation rate of the soil and rock during the permeation process are recorded until the permeation test is completed.

[0019] Based on the above, the beneficial effects of the multifunctional geotechnical testing apparatus and method of the present invention are as follows:

[0020] 1. The multifunctional geotechnical testing device of the present invention can be directly applied to existing geotechnical tests. It can simultaneously handle shear tests, torsion tests and consolidation tests in geotechnical tests, making it a multi-purpose device that improves equipment utilization and reduces resource waste.

[0021] 2. The multifunctional geotechnical testing device of the present invention can realize the functions of three customized single-function devices in one device, reducing the management and maintenance costs required for multiple devices, while saving space, making the device have good application prospects.

[0022] 3. The right-side dynamic load pressure application section of this invention has two force application modes. When applied to shear tests, it can use a mechanism such as a weight and a linear guide slider to repeatedly impact the upper shear box. It can also use various cylinders in conjunction with the force application screw to slowly apply force to the upper shear box. When combined with the first static load pressure application section, it can also achieve synchronous and slow force application to the lower shear box, thus effectively meeting various test requirements.

[0023] 4. The upper load application part, the first static load application part, the right dynamic load application part, and the lower load application part of the present invention correspond to each other, so that the device can be tested from two dimensions and four sides, giving it greater flexibility. Attached Figure Description

[0024] The accompanying drawings, which are provided to further illustrate this application and form part of this application, illustrate exemplary embodiments of this application and are used to explain this application, but do not constitute an undue limitation of this application.

[0025] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the multifunctional geotechnical testing device of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 2This is a schematic diagram of the upper reaction beam of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the connection between the support frame and the clamping iron sheet of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure when a cross-shaped torsion plate is installed at the bottom of the upper load application part of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure when the downward-facing disk is installed at the bottom of the upper load application part of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the support frame portion of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first static load pressure application part of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the right-side dynamic load applying portion of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 9 This is a structural schematic diagram of the lower load application part of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the permeation tank of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 11 This is a partial enlarged view of the connection between the first rack, the first gear, and the upper shear box of the present invention.

[0036] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0037] 100 - Upper load application section:

[0038] 110 - Upper iron plate; 111 - Lower iron plate; 120 - First bolt of upper iron plate; 121 - Second bolt of upper iron plate; 122 - Third bolt of upper iron plate; 123 - Fourth bolt of upper iron plate; 130 - First cylinder; 140 - First square steel connecting block; 141 - Second square steel connecting block; 150 - First tension / compression sensor; 160 - First level; 170 - Downward disc; 180 - Rotary motor; 190 - Cross torsion plate;

[0039] 200-Support Frame Section:

[0040] 210 - Upper reaction beam; 220 - First lead screw; 221 - Second lead screw; 222 - Third lead screw; 223 - Fourth lead screw; 230 - Horizontal support frame; 240 - First angle iron; 241 - Second angle iron; 242 - Third angle iron; 243 - Fourth angle iron; 250 - Bottom support frame; 260 - Casters;

[0041] 300 - First Static Load Application Section:

[0042] 310 - First fixed-axis push rod stepper motor; 320 - Second tension / compression sensor; 330 - Third-party steel connecting block; 340 - Second level;

[0043] 400-Right side dynamic load application section:

[0044] 410-Left side pneumatic throttle valve; 411-Right side pneumatic throttle valve; 420-Rodless cylinder; 430-Electric gripper; 440-First iron plate; 441-Second iron plate; 450-Linear guide slider; 460-Small pneumatic cylinder; 470-Fifth angle iron; 471-Sixth angle iron; 480-Rope; 481-Pulley; 490-Flat weight; 491-Force-applying screw;

[0045] 500 - Lower load application section:

[0046] 510 - Second fixed axis push rod stepper motor; 520 - Force-receiving disc; 530 - Upper shear box; 531 - Lower shear box; 540 - Lower clamping iron sheet; 541 - Upper clamping iron sheet; 550 - Second static load pressure application part; 551 - Third static load pressure application part; 560 - First rack; 561 - Second rack; 570 - First gear; 571 - Second gear; 580 - Permeation water tank. Detailed Implementation

[0047] Below, in conjunction with Figures 1 to 11 This invention provides a detailed description of a multifunctional geotechnical testing device and method.

[0048] This invention provides a multifunctional geotechnical testing device, such as... Figure 1 As shown, it includes a support frame portion 200, which serves as the main body of the device and is installed on the ground; an upper load application portion 100 installed on the top of the support frame portion 200; a first static load application portion 300 installed on the left side of the middle portion of the support frame portion 200; a right dynamic load application portion 400 installed on the right side of the middle portion of the support frame portion 200; and a lower load application portion 500 installed in the middle portion of the support frame portion 200.

[0049] Depend on Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 6As shown, the support frame 200 includes a main frame consisting of an upper reaction beam 210, a first lead screw 220, a second lead screw 221, a third lead screw 222, a fourth lead screw 223, a horizontal support frame 230, a first angle iron 240, a second angle iron 241, a third angle iron 242, a fourth angle iron 243, and a bottom support frame 250. The main frame is divided into three areas: upper, middle, and lower. The lower area of ​​the main frame consists of the bottom support frame 250 in the middle and the bottom support frame 230. The base 250 is constructed from four angle irons: a first angle iron 240, a second angle iron 241, a third angle iron 242, and a fourth angle iron 243. Casters 260 are also provided at the four corners of the bottom of the base support frame 250. The central area of ​​the main frame is composed of a horizontal support frame 230 installed between the first angle iron 240, the second angle iron 241, the third angle iron 242, and the fourth angle iron 243. This horizontal support frame 230 is a U-shaped support frame welded from square tubing. A thin tube extends outward on the left side to hold the first static load pressure part 300. A thick tube extends outward on the right side of the I-shaped support frame to hold the right dynamic load pressure part 400. The main function of the horizontal support frame 230 is to support the test device and build a small platform. The upper area of ​​the main frame is composed of the first lead screw 220, the second lead screw 221, the third lead screw 222, and the fourth lead screw 223, which run through the middle and lower areas of the main frame. The upper and lower ends of the first lead screw 220, the second lead screw 221, the third lead screw 222, and the fourth lead screw 223 are fixed to the upper reaction beam 210 and the bottom support frame 250 by nuts, respectively. The upper reaction beam 210 is a square tube assembly welded from two square tubes. The square tube assembly is threaded and supported by the first lead screw 220, the second lead screw 221, the third lead screw 222, and the fourth lead screw 223, thereby enabling it to bear the force of the upper load application part 100.

[0050] Depend on Figure 4 , Figure 5As shown, the upper load application part 100 includes an upper iron plate 110 and a lower iron plate 111 fixed to the square tube assembly of the upper reaction beam 210 by a first upper iron plate bolt 120, a second upper iron plate bolt 121, a third upper iron plate bolt 122, and a fourth upper iron plate bolt 123. It also includes a first cylinder 130, a first square steel connecting block 140, a first tension / compression sensor 150, and a first level 160 connected sequentially from top to bottom. The upper iron plate 110 and the lower iron plate 111 each have four holes for the first upper iron plate bolt 120, the upper iron plate bolt 121, the second upper iron plate bolt 122, and the fourth upper iron plate bolt 123. The second bolt 121, the third bolt 122, and the fourth bolt 123 of the upper iron plate pass through; the first cylinder 130 is installed at the bottom of the lower iron plate 111; the first square steel connecting block 140 and the second square steel connecting block 141 are 50mm square blocks cut from steel pipes, with holes of the same diameter as the output end of the first cylinder 130 drilled on both their upper and lower surfaces; the output end of the first cylinder 130 is inserted into the upper hole of the first square steel connecting block 140 and fixed to the first square steel connecting block 140 with a nut; the lower end of the first square steel connecting block 140 protrudes out. A lead screw is attached to the lower end of a first square steel connecting block 140 with a nut at its upper end. The lower end of the lead screw is fixedly connected to the upper end of a first tension / compression sensor 150. The bottom of a first level 160 is a detachable structure, which can be connected in two ways depending on the actual test requirements. One way is to connect it to a rotary motor 180, the output shaft of which is connected to a cross torsion plate 190 via a torque sensor. The other way is to connect it to a second square steel connecting block 141, which is connected by a lead screw passing through its upper hole and secured with a nut at the lower end of the lead screw. The upper end of the lead screw is fixed to the first level 160 via a nut and is mounted on the second square steel connecting block 141. Another lead screw passes through the lower end hole of the second square steel connecting block 141 and is fixed to the second square steel connecting block 141 via a nut. The lower end of the lead screw is fixed to the downward disc 170 via a nut. When the rotary motor 180 and the cross torsion plate 190 are installed, they are used to assist in completing the torsion test. When the second square steel connecting block 141 and the downward disc 170 are installed, they are used to assist in completing the shear and penetration tests.

[0051] Both the upper iron plate 110 and the lower iron plate 111 are general-purpose parts, and their model is Q235 / a3 iron plate.

[0052] The first cylinder 130 is a general-purpose component, model SC-25, which is used to apply force in the vertical direction.

[0053] The first square steel connecting block 140, the second square steel connecting block 141, and the third square steel connecting block 330 are all general-purpose parts. They are made by cutting and drilling steel pipes, with a size of 50mm×50mm×6mm. They are all equipped with openings and are connected to other components through threaded rods and nuts.

[0054] The first tension / compression sensor 150 and the second tension / compression sensor 320 are both general-purpose components, model number LY-104, which are used to monitor forces applied in the vertical or horizontal direction.

[0055] The first level gauge 160 and the second level gauge 340 are both general-purpose parts, model GWP-91-10A, with a specification of 300mm. They are used to detect whether the device is horizontal or vertical, ensuring that the angle of the applied force is accurate.

[0056] Depend on Figure 7 As shown, the first static load pressure application part 300 includes a first fixed shaft push rod stepper motor 310, a second tension / compression sensor 320, a third steel connecting block 330, and a second level 340 connected sequentially from back to front. The first fixed shaft push rod stepper motor 310 is mounted on the thin tube on the left side of the U-shaped support frame. Its output shaft passes through a hole at one end of the third steel connecting block 330 and is fixedly connected to the third steel connecting block 330 by a nut. A lead screw extends from the other end of the third steel connecting block 330. One end of the lead screw is fixed to the third steel connecting block 330 by a nut, and the other end of the lead screw is fixedly connected to the second tension / compression sensor 320. The second level 340 has a lead screw fixedly connected to the other end of the third steel connecting block 330.

[0057] Depend on Figure 8As shown, the right-side dynamic load applying part 400 includes a second iron plate 441 fixed to the upper left surface of the thick pipe on the right side of the U-shaped support frame by bolts and nuts, a linear guide slider 450 installed in the middle of the thick pipe on the right side of the U-shaped support frame, and a cylinder mounting plate installed on the front side of the thick pipe on the right side of the U-shaped support frame; a pulley 481 is fixed on the second iron plate 441, and the second iron plate 441 has an opening in the space below the pulley 481, through which a rope 480 passes. One end of the rope 480 near the ground is fixedly connected to a counterweight 490, and the other end... The first iron plate 440 is fixedly connected to the first iron plate 440; the first iron plate 440 is mounted on the linear guide slider 450, and a small pneumatic cylinder 460 is fixed on the first iron plate 440 by the fifth angle iron 470 and the sixth angle iron 471. The output shaft of the small pneumatic cylinder 460 is fixedly connected to the force-applying screw 491; the linear guide slider 450 is composed of a linear guide and a slider. The linear guide is fixed to the middle of the thick tube on the right side of the I-shaped support frame and remains stationary. The slider is mounted on the linear guide and slides. From left to right, the cylinder mounting plate is connected to the left pneumatic throttle valve 410 and the rodless cylinder. 420. The right-side pneumatic throttle valve 411 and the rodless cylinder 420 are equipped with a sliding electric gripper 430, which clamps the side of the first iron plate 440 and connects to it. The purpose of this structure is that when a shear test is required, air can be supplied to the left-side pneumatic throttle valve 410 and the right-side pneumatic throttle valve 411 by an air compressor. At this time, the electric gripper 430 clamps the side of the first iron plate 440, causing the electric gripper 430 on the rodless cylinder 420 to move the first iron plate 440 away from the center of the device. The weight 490 is connected to the sliding cylinder 420 by a rope 480. Wheel 481 is pulled up by the first iron plate 440. After reaching a designated distance, the electric gripper 430 is suddenly released, causing the first iron plate 440 to fall back under the action of the hammer 490. This causes the force-applying screw 491 on it to impact the upper shear box 530. This process is repeated to achieve repeated impacts. When it is necessary to apply force slowly to the upper shear box 530, the hammer 490 pulls the first iron plate 440 closer to the upper shear box 530, causing the force-applying screw 491 to contact the upper shear box 530. This controls the small pneumatic cylinder 460 to extend and apply force slowly to the upper shear box 530.

[0058] Depend on Figure 3 , Figure 9 , Figure 10 , Figure 11As shown, the lower load application part 500 includes a second fixed-axis push rod stepper motor 510 fixed upward to the bottom of the middle crossbar of the I-shaped support frame, an upper clamping iron plate 541 fixed to the middle of the third lead screw 222 and the fourth lead screw 223 by nuts, a lower clamping iron plate 540 fixed to the middle of the first lead screw 220 and the second lead screw 221 by nuts, and static load application mounting frames fixed to the two side edges of the I-shaped support frame; the output shaft of the second fixed-axis push rod stepper motor 510 is fixedly connected to the force-bearing disk 520; the two static load application mounting frames are located at the lower left corner and the upper right corner of the I-shaped support frame, respectively, and the static load application mounting frame installed at the lower left corner is equipped with a first fixed-axis push rod stepper motor 510 fixed upward to the bottom of the middle crossbar of the I-shaped support frame, an upper clamping iron plate 541 fixed to the middle of the third lead screw 222 and the fourth lead screw 223 by nuts, and a lower clamping iron plate 540 fixed to the middle of the first lead screw 220 and the second lead screw 221 by nuts, and a static load application mounting frame installed at the lower left corner is equipped with a second fixed-axis push rod stepper motor 510 fixed upward to the bottom of the middle crossbar of the I-shaped support frame, an upper clamping iron plate 541 fixed to the middle of the third lead screw 222 and the fourth lead screw 223 by nuts, and a lower clamping iron plate 540 fixed to the middle of the first lead screw 222 and the second ... The second static load applying part 550 is mounted on the static load applying bracket in the upper right corner, and the third static load applying part 551 is also mounted thereon. The second static load applying part 550 and the third static load applying part 551 have the same structure as the first static load applying part 300, except that the second level 340 is removed. The second tension and compression sensor 320 of the second static load applying part 550 is fixedly connected to the first rack 560. The first rack 560 meshes with one side of the first gear 570, and the other side of the first gear 570 meshes with the rack track on the side of the upper shear box 530. The second tension and compression sensor 320 of the third static load applying part 551 is fixedly connected to the second rack 561. The first rack 561 meshes with one side of the second gear 571, and the other side of the second gear 571 meshes with the rack track on the side of the lower shear box 531. The lower shear box 531 has an L-shaped iron plate on one side of the rack track and the opposite side thereon, which is used to limit the upper shear box 530 placed on it. The first fixed shaft push rod stepper motor 310 of the second static load pressure part 550 and the third static load pressure part 551 pushes the first rack 560 and the second rack 561 to move left and right, thereby driving the first gear 570 and the second gear 571 to rotate, thereby causing the upper shear box 530 and the lower shear box 531 to move relative to each other, so as to realize the shearing of soil and rock. When the upper clamping iron plate 541 and the lower clamping iron plate 540 are needed to tighten the upper shear box 530 and the lower shear box 531, they are fixed at the same height as the upper shear box 530 and the lower shear box 531 by nuts, so that they clamp the upper shear box 530 and the lower shear box 531 to achieve fixation. When fixation is not needed, they are adjusted to move above the upper shear box 530 by nuts. When conducting a permeation test, the upper shear box 530 and the lower shear box 531 are replaced with a permeation water tank 580. The permeation water tank 580 has two openings on the upper side and one opening on the lower side. The shape of the top opening of the permeation water tank 580 matches the shape of the downward disc 170.

[0059] Based on the aforementioned multifunctional geotechnical testing apparatus, this invention proposes a method for multifunctional geotechnical testing, comprising the following steps:

[0060] S1. Shear Test: When the multifunctional geotechnical testing apparatus is used for a shear test, an upper shear box 530 and a lower shear box 531 are placed on the force-bearing disk 520. The soil and rock mass to be tested are placed inside and meshed with the first gear 570 and the second gear 571. The first gear 570 and the second gear 571 are then meshed with the first rack 560 and the second rack 561. At this time, the second tension and compression sensors 320 of the second static load application part 550 and the third static load application part 551 monitor the forces on the upper shear box 530 and the lower shear box 531 in real time. The upper load application part 100... The detachable structure is replaced by a second square steel connecting block 141 and a downward disc 170. The horizontal level is monitored by a first level 160. A first cylinder 130 extends downwards to apply force, while a second fixed-axis push rod stepper motor 510 extends upwards to apply force. This causes the downward disc 170 to compress the soil and rock mass downwards. A force-bearing disc 520 supports the upper shear box 530 and lower shear box 531, which contain the soil and rock mass. Simultaneously, a first tension / compression sensor 150 monitors the vertical pressure. Then, the appropriate shearing method is selected as needed: slow application of force, and pulling by a weight 490, causing the first iron plate 440 to pass through... The slider moves on the linear guide and approaches the upper shear box 530, thereby causing the force-applying screw 491 to contact the upper shear box 530. The small pneumatic cylinder 460 is controlled to extend to slowly apply force to the upper shear box 530. At the same time, the first fixed shaft push rod stepper motor 310 of the first static load pressure part 300 is controlled to extend, so that the screw at the end of the second level ruler 320 away from the third third steel connecting block 330 contacts the lower shear box 531, thereby slowly applying force to the lower shear box 531. The levelness of the first static load pressure part 300 is detected by its second level ruler 340, and the magnitude of the applied force is monitored by the second tension and compression sensor 320. Repeated impacts occur as air is supplied to the left pneumatic throttle valve 410 and the right pneumatic throttle valve 411 via an air compressor. At this time, the electric gripper 430 clamps the side of the first iron plate 440, causing the electric gripper 430 on the rodless cylinder 420 to move the first iron plate 440 away from the upper shear box 530. The hammer 490 is pulled up by the first iron plate 440 via the rope 480 and pulley 481. After reaching a specified distance, the electric gripper 430 is suddenly released, causing the first iron plate 440 to fall back under the action of the hammer 490. This causes the force-applying screw 491 on it to impact the upper shear box 530. This process is repeated to achieve repeated impacts.

[0061] S2. Torsion Test: When the multifunctional geotechnical testing apparatus is used for torsion testing, an upper shear box 530 and a lower shear box 531 are placed on the force-bearing disc 520. The soil and rock mass to be tested are placed inside. Simultaneously, the upper clamping iron plate 541 and the lower clamping iron plate 540 are moved to the same height as the upper shear box 530 and the lower shear box 531 by controlling the nuts. The upper shear box 530 and the lower shear box 531 are locked by limiting the two sides of the upper shear box 530 and the lower shear box 531. Here, it is not necessary to connect the upper shear box 530 and the lower shear box 531. Cutting box 531 meshes with first gear 570 and second gear 571. At this time, the detachable structure of upper load application part 100 is replaced with rotary motor 180 and cross torsion plate 190. The horizontality of the device is monitored by first level ruler 160, and the first cylinder 130 is controlled to push out so that cross torsion plate 190 enters the soil and rock. The output shaft of rotary motor 180 is controlled to rotate, driving cross torsion plate 190 to rotate in the soil and rock. The torque is monitored in real time by torque sensor on output shaft of rotary motor 180, thereby completing the torsion test.

[0062] S3. Permeability Test: When the multifunctional geotechnical testing device is used for permeability testing, the permeation tank 580 is placed on the load-bearing disc 520. The soil and rock mass to be tested are placed into the permeation tank 580. The opening on the permeation tank 580 is connected to the permeameter through the connecting pipe. The detachable structure of the upper load application part 100 is replaced with the second square steel connecting block 141 and the downward disc 170. The level is monitored by the first level 160. The first cylinder 130 is pushed out to apply downward force, so that the downward disc 170 enters the permeation tank 580 to seal it. The sealing degree of the permeation tank 580 is checked to prevent water leakage from the connecting pipe. Then, an appropriate amount of water is added to the permeation tank 580, and the water level is adjusted to the required height. The permeameter is started, and the required permeation pressure or head is set. The changes in water flow and permeation rate of the soil and rock mass during the permeation process are recorded until the permeation test is completed.

[0063] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any transformations or substitutions that can be understood by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention should be included within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A device for multifunctional geotechnical testing, characterized in that, The utility model relates to a test device support frame, which comprises: a support frame part (200) comprising a main frame for placing a test device, the main frame being divided into upper, middle and lower three areas; an upper load applying part (100) arranged on the top of the support frame part (200) and comprising a rotary motor (180) and a cross-shaped torsion piece (190) for torsion test, a second square steel connecting block (141) and a downward disc (170) for shear and penetration test, the output shaft of the rotary motor (180) being connected to the cross-shaped torsion piece (190) through a torque sensor; a first static load applying part (300) arranged on the left side of the middle of the support frame part (200) and used for applying horizontal force to a lower shear box (531); a right dynamic load applying part (400) arranged on the right side of the middle of the support frame part (200) and comprising a small pneumatic cylinder (460) and a force applying screw rod (491) for slowly applying force to an upper shear box (530), a linear guide rail slide block (450) for moving the small pneumatic cylinder (460), and a heavy hammer (490) for repeatedly impacting the upper shear box (530); a lower load applying part (500) arranged on the middle of the support frame part (200) and comprising the upper shear box (530) and the lower shear box (531) for shear and torsion test, a second static load applying part (550) and a third static load applying part (551) for controlling the relative movement of the upper shear box (530) and the lower shear box (531), and a penetration water bucket (580) for penetration test; the middle area of the main frame comprises a horizontal support frame (230) arranged in the middle of a first angle iron (240), a second angle iron (241), a third angle iron (242) and a fourth angle iron (243), the horizontal support frame (230) being a character-shaped support frame welded by square tubes, the left side of the character-shaped support frame being provided with a thin tube extending outward and used for placing the first static load applying part (300), and the right side of the character-shaped support frame being provided with a thick tube extending outward and used for placing the right dynamic load applying part (400); the linear guide rail slide block (450) is arranged in the middle of the thick tube, a first iron plate (440) is arranged on the linear guide rail slide block (450), a second iron plate (441) is arranged on the upper surface of the left side of the thick tube, a pulley (481) is fixed to the second iron plate (441), and a cylinder mounting plate is arranged on the front side of the thick tube; the second iron plate (441) is provided with an opening below the pulley (481), a rope (480) passes through the opening, one end of the rope (480) close to the ground is fixedly connected to the heavy hammer (490), the other end is fixedly connected to the first iron plate (440), and the first iron plate (440) is provided with the small pneumatic cylinder (460), and the output shaft of the small pneumatic cylinder (460) is connected to the force applying screw rod (491).

2. The multifunctional geotechnical testing device according to claim 1, wherein The upper area of the main frame comprises an upper counter-force beam (210) fixed on the first screw rod (220), the second screw rod (221), the third screw rod (222) and the fourth screw rod (223) penetrating through the middle and lower areas of the main frame by nuts.

3. A multifunctional geotechnical testing device according to claim 2, wherein The upper load applying part (100) comprises a first air cylinder (130), a first square steel connecting block (140), a first tension sensor (150) and a first level (160) connected in sequence from top to bottom, and the first air cylinder (130) is fixed to the bottom of the upper counter-force beam (210) through an upper iron plate (110) and a lower iron plate (111). The bottom of the first level (160) is detachable, and two connection modes can be selected according to actual test requirements, one of which is connected with the rotary motor (180), and the other of which is connected with the second square steel connecting block (141).

4. The multifunctional geotechnical testing device of claim 3, wherein The first static load applying part (300) comprises a first fixed shaft push rod stepping motor (310), a second tension sensor (320), a third square steel connecting block (330) and a second level (340) connected in sequence from back to front, and the first fixed shaft push rod stepping motor (310) is arranged on the thin tube. The second static load applying part (550) and the third static load applying part (551) are the same as the first static load applying part (300) in structure, and only the second level (340) is removed.

5. A multifunctional geotechnical testing device according to claim 4, wherein The second static load applying part (550) is fixedly connected with a first rack (560), one side of the first rack (560) is engaged with a first gear (570), and the other side of the first gear (570) is engaged with a rack track on the side of the upper shear box (530). The third static load applying part (551) is fixedly connected with a second rack (561), one side of the second rack (561) is engaged with a second gear (571), and the other side of the second gear (571) is engaged with a rack track on the side of the lower shear box (531). The lower shear box (531) is provided with L-shaped iron sheets on one side of the rack track and the opposite side thereof, for limiting the upper shear box (530) placed thereon.

6. A multifunctional geotechnical testing device according to claim 5, wherein, The middle portions of the third screw rod (222) and the fourth screw rod (223) are fixed with an upper clamping iron sheet (541) by nuts, and the middle portions of the first screw rod (220) and the second screw rod (221) are fixed with a lower clamping iron sheet (540) by nuts. Two static load applying mounting frames are fixed on the side edges of the eye-shaped support frame, and the two static load applying mounting frames are located at the lower left corner and the upper right corner of the eye-shaped support frame respectively, and the second static load applying part (550) and the third static load applying part (551) are arranged on the two static load applying mounting frames respectively.

7. A multifunctional geotechnical testing device according to claim 6, wherein The left pneumatic throttle valve (410), the rodless cylinder (420) and the right pneumatic throttle valve (411) are sequentially connected on the cylinder mounting plate from left to right.

8. The multifunctional geotechnical testing device of claim 1, wherein, The upper side of the permeation water bucket (580) is provided with two openings, and the lower side is provided with one opening.

9. A method of multifunctional geotechnical test using the multifunctional geotechnica! test device according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that, The steps are: S1, shear test: when the multifunctional soil test device is applied to the shear test, the upper shear box (530) and the lower shear box (531) are placed on the force disc (520), the soil and rock to be tested are placed in the upper shear box (530) and the lower shear box (531), and the first gear (570) and the second gear (571) are engaged with the first rack (560) and the second rack (561). At this time, the force borne by the upper shear box (530) and the lower shear box (531) is monitored in real time by the second tension and compression sensor (320) of the second static load pressing part (550) and the third static load pressing part (551). The detachable structure of the upper load applying part (100) is replaced by the second square steel connecting block (141) and the downward disc (170), and the horizontal degree of the device is monitored by the first level (160). The first cylinder (130) pushes downward, and the second fixed shaft push rod stepping motor (510) pushes upward, so that the downward disc (170) extrudes the soil and rock downward, and the force disc (520) supports the upper shear box (530) and the lower shear box (531) containing the soil and rock upward, and the vertical pressure is monitored by the first tension and compression sensor (150). Then, according to the needs, the corresponding shear method is selected: slow force, the first iron plate (440) is moved on the linear guide rail by the sliding block through the pulling of the weight (490), and approaches the upper shear box (530), so that the force lead screw (491) contacts the upper shear box (530), the small pneumatic cylinder (460) is controlled to push out to slowly apply force to the upper shear box (530), and the first fixed shaft push rod stepping motor (310) of the first static load pressing part (300) is controlled to push out, so that the second level (340) is away from the end of the lead screw of the third square steel connecting block (330) to contact the lower shear box (531) and slowly apply force to the lower shear box (531). The horizontal degree of the first static load pressing part (300) is detected by the second level (340), and the force is monitored by the second tension and compression sensor (320); repeated impact, the left pneumatic throttle valve (410) and the right pneumatic throttle valve (411) are supplied with air by the air compressor, at this time the electric clamping jaw (430) clamps the side of the first iron plate (440), so that the electric clamping jaw (430) on the rodless cylinder (420) drives the first iron plate (440) away from the upper shear box (530), the weight (490) is lifted by the first iron plate (440) through the rope (480) and the pulley (481), and after reaching the specified distance, the electric clamping jaw (430) is suddenly released to make the first iron plate (440) fall back under the driving of the weight (490), so that the force lead screw (491) on the first iron plate (440) impacts the upper shear box (530), and the process is repeated to achieve repeated impact. S2, torsion test: when the multifunctional geotechnical test device is applied to the torsion test, the upper shear box (530) and the lower shear box (531) are placed on the force disc (520), the soil and rock to be tested are placed in the upper shear box (530) and the lower shear box (531), the upper clamping iron sheet (541) and the lower clamping iron sheet (540) are controlled by the nut to move to the same height of the upper shear box (530) and the lower shear box (531), the locking of the upper shear box (530) and the lower shear box (531) is realized by limiting the two sides of the upper shear box (530) and the lower shear box (531), at this time, the detachable structure of the upper load application part (100) is replaced by the rotary motor (180) and the cross torsion piece (190), the level of the device is monitored by the first level meter (160), the cross torsion piece (190) is pushed out by the first cylinder (130) to enter the soil and rock, the output shaft of the rotary motor (180) is controlled to rotate, the cross torsion piece (190) is driven to rotate in the soil and rock, the torque is monitored in real time by the torque sensor on the output shaft of the rotary motor (180), and the torsion test is completed; S3, permeation test: when the multifunctional geotechnical test device is applied to the permeation test, the permeation water bucket (580) is placed on the force disc (520), the soil and rock to be tested are placed in the permeation water bucket (580), the opening on the permeation water bucket (580) is connected with the permeameter through the connecting pipe, the detachable structure of the upper load application part (100) is replaced by the second square steel connecting block (141) and the downward disc (170), the level is monitored by the first level meter (160), the downward disc (170) is pushed out by the first cylinder (130) to apply force downward, so that the downward disc (170) enters the permeation water bucket (580) to seal it, the sealing degree of the permeation water bucket (580) is checked to prevent water leakage of the connecting pipe, then appropriate amount of water is added into the permeation water bucket (580), the water level is adjusted to the required height, the permeameter is started, the required permeation pressure or water head is set, and the water flow change and the permeation rate of the soil and rock in the permeation process are recorded until the permeation test is completed.

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