Electrical contact element, electrical plug connector and electrical plug connection

Abstract

The invention relates to an electrical contact element (2, 21) for an electrical plug connector (1), comprising a magnet arrangement (10, 10 ') and an end contact portion (11, 11') which is designed to electrically contact an electrical mating contact element (12) and which is designed to contact in a plug direction (S) between a starting position (PA, PA '), which is not contacted by the mating contact element (12), and a contact position (PK, PK'), which is contacted by the mating contact element (12). PK '). The magnet arrangement (10, 10 ') is configured to apply a force component (F) directed from the contact position (PK, PK') to the starting position (PA, PA ') to the end face contact portion (11, 11') by means of magnetic repulsion.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to an electrical contact element for an electrical plug connector, the electrical contact element having a magnet arrangement and an end face contact portion, the end face contact portion being designed to electrically contact an electrically mating contact element and being movable in the plugging direction between an initial position not contacted by the mating contact element and a contact position contacted by the mating contact element.

[0002] The present invention also relates to an electrical plug connector for connection to an electrically mating plug connector, and to an electrical plug connector having an electrical plug connector and an electrically mating plug connector. Background Technology

[0003] Different types of mating connectors are known in electronic engineering. As is known, electrical mating connectors are used to transmit power and / or data signals to corresponding mating connectors. Matting connectors or mating connectors can be, in particular, mating parts, printed circuit board mating connectors, built-in mating parts, receptacle connectors, couplings, or adapters. The terms "matting connector" and "mating connector" as used within the scope of this invention represent all possible variations.

[0004] Plug-in connectors must sometimes withstand high stresses (such as mechanical vibration stress) and remain closed in a defined manner even under adverse environmental conditions to prevent accidental disconnection of the electrical connection. Furthermore, it is generally essential to ensure that the electrical contact between the plug-in connector and the mating plug-in connector remains reliable, even with high component tolerances.

[0005] To meet the aforementioned requirements, contact elements configured such that they are spring-loaded in the mating or axial direction are commonly used in mating connectors with face contacts, as proposed, for example, in WO 2014 / 067645A1. The mechanical spring is typically arranged between two units that can move relative to each other in the mating direction. Thus, the mating contact elements of the mating connector allow the contact elements to deflect from their initial position to their contact position against the restoring force of the spring, ensuring sufficient contact pressure between the contact element and its corresponding mating contact element in the contact state.

[0006] However, due to structural space constraints, the use of this type of spring is not suitable for all applications or types of mating connectors. Furthermore, the spring is subjected to high mechanical stress under permanent stress during the insertion of the mating connector, and thus can limit the overall lifespan of the mating connector. Summary of the Invention

[0007] In view of the known prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide an electrical contact element for end face contact that ensures reliable contact, particularly even under adverse environmental conditions and / or in the case of high component tolerances, and has a preferably compact and durable structure.

[0008] Another object of the present invention is to provide an electrical connector that ensures reliable contact, particularly even under adverse environmental conditions and / or in cases of high component tolerances, and has a preferably compact and durable structure.

[0009] Finally, the object of the present invention is to provide an electrical connector that ensures reliable contact, particularly even under adverse environmental conditions and / or in cases of high component tolerances, and has a preferably compact and durable structure.

[0010] This invention relates to an electrical contact element for an electrical plug connector, the electrical contact element having a magnet arrangement and an end face contact portion designed to electrically contact an electrically mating contact element. The end face contact portion is movable in the plugging direction (particularly in the axial direction) between an initial position not contacted by the mating contact element and a contact position contacted by the mating contact element.

[0011] Compared to the initial contact position, the end face contact portion is preferably arranged further "forward" in the connection interface provided for connection to the mating contact element in the initial position, i.e., further deflected in the direction of the mating contact element. The mating contact element thus allows the end face contact portion to move from the initial position to the contact position during contact, which is arranged further "backward" in the connection interface.

[0012] The end face contact portion preferably extends into the connection interface in the initial position (particularly in the form of a contact pin). For example, the end face contact portion may extend from the end face of a separate dielectric surrounding the end face contact portion (e.g., a housing component or other component of the plug connector) in the initial position. In the contact position, the end face contact portion may preferably be arranged in the same plane as the connection interface or set rearward (recessed) in the connection interface. However, it should be emphasized that the end face contact portion may also be in the initial position already arranged in the same plane as the connection interface or recessed in the connection interface, and / or the end face contact portion may still extend into the connection interface in the contact position.

[0013] According to the present invention, the magnet arrangement is configured to apply a force component from the contact position to the starting position to the end face contact portion by means of magnetic repulsion.

[0014] The force component preferably flows onto the mating contact element in the insertion direction or in the axial direction, such that the end face contact portion moves forward in the plug connector in the non-contact state, that is, moves in the direction of the mating contact element.

[0015] By means of the magnetic repulsion and accompanying force components applied to the end face contact portion, the end face contact portion can thus be pressed into the starting position by the magnetic arrangement. In a non-contact state or without a separating external force, the end face contact portion can be moved into the starting position by the magnetic arrangement, such that when the end face contact portion is in contact with the mating contact element, contact pressure or contact force is generated between the contact element and the mating contact element, thereby ensuring a firm (e.g., vibration-resistant and tolerance-resistant) contact.

[0016] The magnet arrangement can advantageously act on the end-face contact portion in a manner similar to a mechanical spring, but without the mechanical disadvantages of a mechanical spring, such as the risk of breakage, for example, when subjected to cyclic or permanent stress. Therefore, the proposed contact element can be particularly robust and durable.

[0017] Furthermore, it has been shown that magnet arrangements can be used more flexibly and in a more optimized manner as an alternative to mechanical springs in terms of structural space, since higher contact forces or greater spring travel can be generated with the same volume than with mechanical springs arranged in the same volume.

[0018] In an advantageous development of the invention, it can be provided that the electrical contact element has at least one first unit having an end face contact element.

[0019] Electrical contact elements or alternatively mating connectors (e.g., the housing component of a mating connector) may have a second unit, wherein the first unit is preferably movable relative to the second unit in the mating direction.

[0020] The first unit can move relative to the second unit by translation and / or rotation. In particular, the first unit can be telescoping or extendable relative to the second unit in the axial direction, or at least substantially in the axial direction. In less preferred embodiments, additional or unique pivoting movement of the first unit relative to the second unit may also be provided (e.g., by means of a hinge mechanism).

[0021] According to an improvement of the invention, one of the units can be provided to receive an axial end portion in another unit, and the movement of the one unit is thus controlled in the other unit.

[0022] At least one of the two units is preferably designed as a sleeve, wherein at least one of the two units can be provided in a pin-shaped, rod-shaped, or fully cylindrical configuration. Particularly preferably, each of the two units is designed as a sleeve.

[0023] When both units are designed as sleeves, the first unit can be arranged on the end portion of the second unit, for example, as an end cap or a closed cap, or vice versa. However, tubular units (i.e., units without closed end faces) can also be provided within the scope of the invention.

[0024] When one of these units is designed as a pin, rod, or fully cylindrical shape, the unit may preferably be received within other units designed as sleeves. When both units are designed as pins, rods, or fully cylindrical shapes, they may be arranged, for example, axially spaced apart from each other in a sleeve-shaped third unit (e.g., an electrical conductor or dielectric), which together surrounds the two units, and the third unit may also be a component of the connector itself independent of the contact elements (e.g., a housing component).

[0025] According to the improvement of the invention, it can be provided that the distance between the end face contact portion and the second unit in the initial position is greater than the distance between the end face contact portion and the second unit in the contact position (especially relative to the axial direction, but also by a pivot angle).

[0026] The unit pair formed by the two units can preferably be extended telescopingly in the initial position relative to the contact position, as already mentioned. Therefore, the axial length of the unit pair formed by the two units in the initial position is preferably greater than the axial length of the unit pair in the contact position. Compared to the initial position, the contact element can thus be axially "compressed" in the contact position.

[0027] The first unit can preferably move from the contact position beyond the starting position and / or cannot move from the starting position beyond the contact position.

[0028] The first unit is preferably movable only in the region between the starting position and the contact position.

[0029] In an improvement to the present invention, it may be provided that the first unit has at least one first motion limiting device and the second unit has at least one corresponding second motion limiting device.

[0030] These motion limiting devices can be, for example, stops (e.g., protrusions or steps on the outer cylindrical surface and / or inner cylindrical surface, lateral or radial widenings, ribs, pins, slots, end faces, flanges, etc.), latch hooks, latch arms, latch recesses, or other suitable motion limiting devices for limiting the relative movement of components relative to each other. The closed end face of a sleeve-shaped unit and the end face of a pin-shaped, rod-shaped, or fully cylindrical unit can be used as a stop.

[0031] Particularly preferably, the first motion limiting device can be designed as a first latching arm and the second motion limiting device can be designed as a second latching arm, the first latching arm and the second latching arm extending in opposite directions and interlocking with each other in the assembled state of the first unit and the second unit.

[0032] In an improvement of the present invention, the magnet arrangement may be provided having at least one first magnet and one second magnet.

[0033] The magnetic pole orientations of the first and second magnets (i.e., the directions of the nominal vector from the north pole to the south pole of the magnets) are preferably at least generally opposite to each other. The like poles of the magnets are thus oriented toward each other (i.e., north-north or south-south) in order to generate magnetic repulsion between the magnets.

[0034] In particular, it can be provided that the magnetic pole orientation is at least generally oriented in the insertion direction or axial direction of the contact element.

[0035] It should be noted that, in principle, more than two magnets can be provided to form a magnet arrangement. For example, instead of a first magnet, a set of multiple first magnets can be provided, and / or instead of a second magnet, a set of multiple second magnets with completely opposite magnetic pole orientations can be provided to generate a repulsive force. In principle, multiple magnet arrangements consisting of two or more magnets in their respective cases can also be provided. The use of first and second magnets, and precisely a single magnet arrangement, constitutes only the preferred minimal variation of the invention and should not be construed as limiting.

[0036] Alternatively, in the sense of this invention, the contact element or the magnetic arrangement of the contact element may also have only a single magnet (particularly a "first" magnet). In this case, magnetic repulsion may be generated together with a separate "second" magnet independent of the contact element, which is arranged in a suitable position and has a suitable orientation, for example, inside the plug connector. For example, in this way, multiple contact elements may "share" the "second" magnet of the plug connector.

[0037] In an advantageous improvement of the invention, the second magnet may be arranged coaxially with the first magnet.

[0038] The coaxial arrangement of magnets is not absolutely necessary within the scope of this invention, but is generally advantageous in order to maximize magnetic repulsion and minimize structural space.

[0039] The first magnet is preferably spaced apart from the second magnet in the insertion direction (at least in the initial position). In the contact position of the contact element, the magnets may still be spaced apart from each other; however, the distance between the magnets in the contact position is preferably reduced compared to the initial position. The magnets may also, in principle, be in contact with each other in the contact position and, for example, serve as end stops for maximum deflection.

[0040] The magnet is preferably a permanent magnet. However, in principle, it can also be a magnetizable material or a fluid-carrying material. The specific design of the magnet does not necessarily fall within the scope of this invention.

[0041] In an improvement to the present invention, the first magnet and / or the second magnet may be designed as a bar magnet, a toroidal magnet (axially or radially polarized), or an electromagnet.

[0042] The use of bar magnets has proven particularly advantageous because they can be compact and cost-effective. The use of one or more bar magnets can be particularly advantageous for use with contact elements designed as internal conductor contact elements.

[0043] However, the use of one or more ring magnets can also be advantageously suited, particularly for use with contact elements designed as external conductor contact elements.

[0044] Combinations of ring magnets and bar magnets can also be provided, wherein, for example, a first magnet designed as a bar magnet can be arranged at least partially inside a second magnet designed as a ring magnet, or vice versa.

[0045] When it is undesirable for the magnetic repulsion of the end-face contact portions in the direction of the mating contact element to be permanent, the use of an electromagnet to form at least one of two magnets can be particularly advantageous. The use of an electromagnet can advantageously allow, for example, the electrical contact to be "decoupled" from the mechanical connection. Thus, electrical contact can be intentionally initiated by a time delay from the mechanical connection, or vice versa. For example, it is also possible to specifically implement the disconnection of the electrical contact before the mechanical connection is broken, in order to implement, for example, a so-called "interlocking function" in high-voltage plug connectors.

[0046] The electromagnet, or at least the coil of the electromagnet, can preferably be arranged in the immovable part of the contact element, particularly in the second unit or in the immovable part of the plug connector (relative to the end face contact portion), so as to ultimately apply a repulsive effect that can be controlled as needed on the end face contact portion or the (first) unit connected to the end face contact portion.

[0047] In an advantageous improvement of the invention, it can be provided that the force component applied to the end face contact portion and pointing from the contact position to the starting position is provided solely by the magnetic repulsion of the magnet arrangement.

[0048] Specifically, the contact element may be provided without mechanical springs or other mechanical components for generating force components. The contact pressure for contact and the restoring force for returning the end-face contact portion to its initial position are therefore preferably achieved solely by a magnet arrangement.

[0049] In an advantageous improvement of the invention, the end face contact portion is provided to be kinetically connected to the first magnet. Therefore, the movement of the end face contact portion preferably occurs synchronously with the movement of the first magnet.

[0050] Specifically, it can be provided that the first magnet is arranged on the first unit. The first magnet can preferably be fixed to the first unit indirectly or directly. In particular, if the first magnet is arranged in a trapped manner (at least in the axial direction) inside the first unit, fixing is not absolutely necessary.

[0051] Furthermore, the first magnet may be integrally formed with the first unit or have an end-face contact portion itself. The first unit can therefore be the first magnet. Thus, the end-face contact portion can be arranged on, for example, the end face of the first magnet. For this purpose, a permanent magnet with good conductivity can be preferably used, wherein, for example, the permanent magnet may be coated to increase the conductivity on its surface.

[0052] In an advantageous improvement of the invention, it can be provided that the second magnet is arranged statically or immovably in the electrical connector, and the first magnet is arranged movably in the electrical connector.

[0053] Specifically, it may be provided that a second magnet is disposed on the second unit. The second magnet may preferably be fixed to the second unit indirectly or directly (as already mentioned with respect to the first magnet and the first unit; however, fixing is not absolutely necessary). The second magnet may also alternatively be integrally formed with the second unit or form the second unit itself (and thus, for example, also have or form the “connection portion” mentioned further below). For example, a permanent magnet with good conductivity (e.g., a coated permanent magnet for increasing conductivity) may also be used for the second magnet.

[0054] For example, the second magnet and / or the second unit may be connectable or (indirectly or directly) fixedly or immovably connected to the electrical plug connector, particularly to the dielectric or plug connector housing of the plug connector.

[0055] It should be mentioned at this point that the magnet arrangement, or at least one magnet, may also be partially or completely arranged outside the unit / independent of the unit, for example, it may also be a plug connector component that can be connected, indirectly or directly connected to a plug connector. However, a compact structure is generally preferred, and therefore particularly the indirect connection or one-piece design of the first magnet to the first unit and the indirect connection or one-piece design of the second magnet to the second unit.

[0056] The first magnet can be arranged inside or outside the first unit (preferably, the first magnet is arranged inside the first unit, for example, inside a sleeve-shaped or hollow cylindrical first unit). The second magnet can be arranged inside or outside the second unit (preferably, the second magnet is arranged inside the second unit, for example, inside a sleeve-shaped or hollow cylindrical second unit).

[0057] In an improvement to the invention, the end face contact portion may be provided with a contact surface and / or a contact tip. However, the end face contact portion can, in principle, be designed in any desired manner (e.g., also as a "line contact," etc.).

[0058] In particular, when the end face contact portion is designed as a contact surface, the contact surface can have a planar or flat or curved or conical design (e.g., convex or concave curvature).

[0059] In special cases, the contact surface may also be designed to be oblique or inclined relative to the longitudinal axis of the plug connector or relative to the plugging direction, for example, at an angle of 20° to 60° with respect to the longitudinal axis of the plug connector, preferably at an angle of 30° to 50°, for example at an angle of 45°.

[0060] Provided is a contact element having a connecting portion disposed on an end portion away from the end face contact portion for indirectly or directly connecting the contact element to an electrical conductor. The connecting portion may be designed, for example, a press-fit or crimped portion for connecting to an electrical conductor of a cable, a solder or pin contact for indirectly or directly connecting to an electrical printed circuit board, or a mating contact (e.g., a socket contact or pin contact) for radial and / or axial contact with an additional mating contact element of a mating connector.

[0061] The connecting portion of the contact element can be integrally formed with the first unit or the second unit (preferably). However, a one-piece design is not absolutely necessary—in principle, indirect or direct connection is sufficient.

[0062] The end face contact portion of the contact element can preferably be integrally formed with the first unit (preferred) or indirectly or directly connected to the first unit.

[0063] The first unit and / or the second unit (preferably the first unit and the second unit) are preferably formed of a conductive material (particularly formed of metal). However, in special cases, the first unit and / or the second unit may also be partially or completely formed of an electrically insulating material (e.g., plastic) (in which case the first unit and / or the second unit may, for example, be completely or partially coated with metal or at least partially surrounded by a metal plate component).

[0064] As already mentioned, in particular, the second unit can also be a component independent of the contact element. In this case, the second unit can be a plug connector component (e.g., the metal or insulating housing portion of the plug connector, or the dielectric or other electrical conductor).

[0065] As mentioned above, it can be specifically provided that the contact element is designed as an internal conductor contact element or an external conductor contact element.

[0066] The present invention also relates to an electrical plug connector for connection to an electrically mating plug connector, the electrical plug connector having at least one electrical contact element for electrically connecting to a mating contact element of the electrically mating plug connector according to the above and below embodiments.

[0067] One or more contact elements of the plug connector according to the above embodiments can, in principle, be formed, i.e., they can have a magnet arrangement and a corresponding end-face contact portion. However, it is also possible to provide "conventional" contact elements in the proposed plug connector, such that only one or some of these contact elements are equipped with the magnet arrangement according to the invention. It is even possible to provide a mixture of end-face contacts and radial contacts (e.g., by means of multiple laterally movable spring tabs or even a single spring frame), wherein preferably only one or more contact elements for end-face contacts are provided, respectively equipped with a magnet arrangement and an end-face contact portion (e.g., the outer conductor contact can be formed by a conventional spring frame, and one or more inner conductor contacts are formed by an end-face contact equipped with a magnet arrangement according to the invention).

[0068] It should be mentioned here that, when using multiple contact elements according to the invention, it can also be provided, where appropriate, that the multiple contact elements "share" one or more magnets or share one or more magnets separate from the contact elements. This means that the magnet arrangement of the contact elements, or at least the magnets of the mating connector, can additionally provide or at least reinforce the magnetic repulsion of the second contact element or multiple additional contact elements. In this way, the mating connector can be designed more compactly and more economically where appropriate. Thus, for example:

[0069] - The magnetic poles of the magnet in the plug connector can be axially positioned below the contact element; or

[0070] - A ring magnet of a contact element (e.g., an external conductor contact element) or a mating connector at least partially surrounds a magnet (particularly a bar magnet) of one or more additional contact elements.

[0071] This causes all the “first” magnets of the contact elements involved, and therefore the corresponding end face contact portions, to be pressed together into the starting position.

[0072] The plug connector according to the invention is applicable in principle to any application in electronic engineering. Preferred application areas include, for example, measuring equipment, semiconductor measuring equipment, laboratory equipment, industrial measuring equipment, sensors, communication equipment, automotive engineering, aerospace engineering, and general signal transmission equipment. The invention should be understood as not being limited to use in any particular professional field.

[0073] The plug connector can be, for example, a coaxial plug connector. The plug connector may have an external conductor contact element and / or one or more internal conductor contacts.

[0074] The plug connectors according to the invention can be, in particular, cable plug connectors, printed circuit board plug connectors, housing plug connectors, couplings, or adapters.

[0075] The present invention also relates to an electrical plug-in connector having an electrical plug-in connector and an electrical mating plug-in connector according to the above and below embodiments.

[0076] In the proposed mating connector, the elastic force component of at least one internal conductor contact element and / or one external conductor contact element can advantageously be generated by repulsive magnetic force to replace the mechanical compression spring. By using magnets instead of mechanical components to generate elasticity in the axial or mating direction, mechanical friction in the mating connector can be reduced and the lifespan of the mating connector can be increased.

[0077] Features already described in the context of one of the themes of the invention (i.e., provided by electrical contact elements, electrical connectors, and electrical connections) can also advantageously implement other themes of the invention. Similarly, advantages mentioned in the context of one of the themes of the invention should be understood to also relate to other themes of the invention.

[0078] It should be noted that terms such as “comprising,” “having,” or “with” do not exclude other features or steps. Furthermore, terms such as “a” or “the” that indicate a single step or feature do not exclude multiple features or steps, and vice versa.

[0079] In the simplified embodiments of the invention, however, it may also be provided that the features introduced by the terms "comprising," "having," or "with" are limited. Therefore, within the scope of the invention, the enumeration of one or more features may be considered limiting, for example, in each case of each claim.

[0080] It should be mentioned that descriptions such as “first” or “second” are used primarily to distinguish the features of the respective apparatus or method, and are not necessarily intended to indicate that the features are interdependent or related to each other.

[0081] Furthermore, it should be emphasized that the values ​​and parameters described in this document include deviations or fluctuations of ±10%, preferably ±5%, more preferably ±1%, and very particularly preferably ±0.1%, of the values ​​or parameters mentioned in each case, provided that such deviations are not excluded in practice when carrying out the invention. The description of the range by the starting and ending values ​​also includes all those values ​​and fractions included in the range mentioned in each case, particularly the starting and ending values ​​and their corresponding averages. Attached Figure Description

[0082] Exemplary embodiments of the present invention will now be described based on the accompanying drawings.

[0083] These figures illustrate preferred exemplary embodiments in their respective cases, wherein various features of the invention are illustrated in combination with each other. Features of exemplary embodiments may also be implemented separately from other features of the same exemplary embodiments, and may accordingly be readily combined by those skilled in the art to form further convenient combinations and sub-combinations with features of other exemplary embodiments.

[0084] Components with the same function are given the same reference numerals in the figure.

[0085] In the attached diagram:

[0086] Figure 1 An electrical plug connector having an electrically internal conductor contact element is schematically shown according to a first exemplary embodiment of the present invention;

[0087] Figure 2 schematically shown Figure 1 Detail II magnified details;

[0088] Figure 3 Schematic illustration of the following based on Figure 1 An electrical connector is composed of an electrical plug-in connector and a mating plug-in connector inserted into the plug-in connector;

[0089] Figure 4An electrical plug connector having an electrical internal conductor contact element having an electromagnet is schematically shown according to a second exemplary embodiment of the present invention;

[0090] Figure 5 An electrical plug connector comprising an electrical plug connector having an internal electrical conductor contact element and an external electrical conductor contact element, according to a third exemplary embodiment of the present invention, is schematically shown. The electrical plug connector is connected to a mating plug connector in a first partially inserted state.

[0091] Figure 6 It schematically shows the following based on Figure 5 Electrically pluggable connectors, wherein the mating connector is in the second part of the inserted state;

[0092] Figure 7 Schematic illustration based on Figure 5 Electrically inserted connectors, wherein the mating connectors are fully inserted;

[0093] Figure 8 An electrical plug connector having an internal electrical conductor contact element and an external electrical conductor contact element according to a fourth exemplary embodiment of the present invention is schematically illustrated; and

[0094] Figure 9 Schematic illustration of the following based on Figure 8 An electrical connector is composed of an electrical plug-in connector and a mating plug-in connector inserted into the plug-in connector. Detailed Implementation

[0095] Figure 1 An electrical plug connector 1 having an electrical internal conductor contact element 2 is shown according to a first exemplary embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2 It shows Figure 1 Detail II magnified details and Figure 3 The use of the plug connector 1 in the electrical plug connector 3 is shown.

[0096] exist Figures 1 to 3 The plug connector 1 illustrated in the following figures, in their respective cases, should be understood by way of example only and as a non-limiting aspect of the invention. In principle, the invention is applicable to use with any type of plug connector.

[0097] The plug connectors illustrated in the figure are, for example, couplers or adapters used to provide a connection between a corresponding first mating plug connector 4a and a corresponding second mating plug connector 4b (see details). Figures 5 to 7 However, the present invention is applicable in principle to any type of plug connector, i.e., particularly for use with cable plug connectors or printed circuit board plug connectors.

[0098] For example, the plug connector 1 is designed as a coaxial plug connector and has a conductive plug connector housing 5 that serves as an external conductor. A dielectric 6 (with an internal conductor contact element 2 disposed in the dielectric 6) is disposed in a through-hole inside the external conductor or the plug connector housing 5.

[0099] The first connection interface 7a of the plug connector 1 is designed for electrical and mechanical connection to the first mating plug connector 4a, wherein, in particular, internal conductor contact occurs at the end face (see...). Figure 3 Furthermore, the plug connector 1 has a second connection interface 7b, into which the socket-like connection portion 8 of the internal conductor contact element 2 extends for electrical and mechanical contact with the pin-like mating contact element 9 of the second mating plug connector 4b (see especially...). Figure 5 ).

[0100] The contact element according to the invention (in) Figures 1 to 3 In an exemplary embodiment, the internal conductor contact element 2) has a magnet arrangement 10 and an end face contact portion 11, which is used to electrically contact the electrical contact element (formed as end face contact element 12) of the first mating plug connector 4a.

[0101] The end face contact portion 11 is in the insertion direction S or in the axial direction at the initial position P where it is not contacted by the mating contact element 12. A (like Figure 1 The contact position P (as indicated in the diagram) and the contact element 12 that is in contact with the contact point. K (same as) Figure 1 As indicated in and in Figure 3 The space between the two sides (as shown in the diagram) can be moved.

[0102] An end face contact portion 11 is formed on a first unit 13, which is movable relative to a second unit 14 in the insertion direction S. The second unit 13 is rigidly or immovably connected to the dielectric 6, wherein the first unit 13 remains movable in the insertion direction S together with the end face contact portion 11.

[0103] The first unit 13, having an end face contact portion 11, is placed onto the axial end portion of the second unit 14 as an end cap. Therefore, the first unit 13 has a closed end face on the side facing the first mating connector 4a, and this closed end face can simultaneously serve as the contact position P. K The end stop. The first unit 13 and the second unit 14 are each designed as sleeves. The first unit 13 can move along the cylindrical outer surface of the second unit 14 in a translational or telescopic manner. Therefore, the end face contact portion 11 is in the initial position P AThe spacing ratio between the middle and the second unit 14 at the contact position P K The middle is further apart from the second unit 14 (see Figure 1 and Figure 3 (Watch together).

[0104] At the starting position P A In this configuration, the end face contact portion 11 extends "forward" into the first connection interface 7a, that is, it extends axially from the end face 15 of the dielectric 6—however, this is not absolutely necessary. First, the essential thing is that the end face contact portion 11 can move in the insertion direction S.

[0105] Within the scope of this invention, it is provided that, by means of magnetic repulsion, the contact position P is... K To the starting position P A The force component F (see Figure 2 (That is, the force component F in the axial direction pointing towards the mating connector 4a) is applied to the end face contact portion 11.

[0106] This prevents the first unit 13 from contacting position P. K Move beyond the starting position P A This design prevents the first unit 13 from unintentionally separating from the second unit 14. The first unit 14 has a first motion limiting device 16, and the second unit 16 has a corresponding second motion limiting device 17. In the exemplary embodiment, the first motion limiting device 16 and the second motion limiting device 17 are designed as interlocking latch arms, but this should be understood as non-limiting. Figure 2 The enlarged illustrations clearly show the principle of guiding the first unit 13 on the second unit 14 and the movement restriction through the interlocking latch arms.

[0107] Because the magnet arrangement 10 moves the end face contact portion 11 of the plug connector 1 "forward," that is, toward the first mating plug connector 4a, by means of the force component F generated by magnetic repulsion, in the contact state (see... Figure 3 This can generate contact pressure, which ensures a robust, tolerance-compensated, and vibration-damped connection with the first mating contact element 12.

[0108] For example, the end face contact portion 11 is designed as a planar or flat contact surface in an exemplary embodiment, but the planar or flat contact surface can also be alternatively designed as curved. In principle, it is also possible to provide a contact tip as the end face contact portion 11.

[0109] The magnet arrangement 10 can, in principle, be designed in any desired manner and Figures 1 to 3In an exemplary embodiment, there are, for example, a first magnet 18 and a second magnet 19, whose magnetic poles are oriented opposite to each other and, in their respective cases, oriented along the insertion direction S to generate the magnetic repulsion. This means that the first magnet 18 and the second magnet 19 are oriented relative to each other such that the same magnetic poles are correspondingly opposite each other (in the exemplary embodiment, in their respective cases, north-north, wherein, alternatively, south-south orientation may also be provided).

[0110] The second magnet 19 is arranged coaxially with the first magnet 18 and at least at the initial position P A The first magnet is spaced apart from the first magnet 18 in the insertion direction S. The end face contact portion 11 is movably connected to the first magnet 18 by arranging the first magnet 18 in the first unit 13. For this purpose, the first magnet 18 can be fixed in the first unit 13, but this is not absolutely necessary. The first magnet 18 can also move freely within the first unit 13 (at least in the axial direction).

[0111] Although the first magnet 18 or the first unit 13 is axially movable in the connector housing 5 or in the dielectric 6, the second magnet 19 is arranged statically or at rest relative to the connector housing 5 or the dielectric 6—more precisely, arranged in the second unit 14 which is rigidly fixed to the through hole of the electrical connector 1 or the dielectric 6.

[0112] It should be mentioned at this point that the second magnet 19 can also, in principle, be positioned outside the inner conductor contact element 2 (the magnet arrangement 10 of the inner conductor contact element 2 may in this case only have the first magnet 18, wherein the second magnet 19 may then be part of the plug connector 1 or another contact element). However, due to its particularly compact structure, the illustrated embodiment is generally preferred.

[0113] In the proposed manner, only the magnetic repulsion of the magnet arrangement 10 provides comfort from the contact position P. K Point to the starting position P A The force component F applied to the end face contact portion 11 minimizes mechanical friction or other mechanical stress within the plug connector 1. Therefore, compared to conventional variations with mechanical springs, the lifespan and maximum number of insertion cycles of the plug connector 1 equipped with the magnet device 10 can be significantly increased.

[0114] In the case of a contact element designed as an internal conductor contact element 2, such as Figures 1 to 3 As illustrated, it has proven particularly suitable if both the first unit 13 and the second unit 14 are designed as sleeves or at least have axial holes, in which the corresponding first magnet 18 and second magnet 19 (preferably bar magnets) are received. The first magnet 18 and the second magnet 19 may preferably be permanent magnets.

[0115] Through examples Figure 4 The figure illustrates an alternative embodiment of the electrical plug connector 1 with internal conductor contact element 2, wherein the magnet arrangement 10 has an electromagnet 20, by means of which magnetic repulsion of the first unit 13 with end face contact portion 11 cannot be permanently generated and is instead generated only as needed. In this way, the electrical contact can be decoupled from the mechanical contact, which is particularly advantageous when the plug connector 1 is used as a high-voltage plug connector.

[0116] Figures 5 to 7 The image shown is an electrical plug-in connector 3 consisting of an electrical plug-in connector 1 having an electrical internal conductor contact element 2 and an electrical conductor contact element 21 according to another exemplary embodiment of the invention. Figures 5 to 7 Different insertion states of the first mating connector 4a in the first connection interface 7a are shown. The insertion of the second mating connector 4b in the second connection interface 7b is indicated by example. The coaxial connector 1 is further illustrated by example only.

[0117] Compared to the previous exemplary embodiments, the external conductor contact element 21 has a multi-part design and also has a magnet arrangement 10' and an end-face contact portion 11' that can be deflected by means of the magnet arrangement 10'. The internal conductor contact element 2 is designed, for example, as mentioned above; for this reason, the following description generally relates to the differences between the external conductor contact element 21 and the exemplary embodiments.

[0118] Then, the external conductor contact element 21 also has a first unit 13' and a second unit 14', wherein the first unit 13' is further movable in the insertion direction S. For this purpose, the first unit 13' of the external conductor contact element 21 is received inside the second unit 14' and guided in the insertion direction S. A first motion limiting device 16' and a second motion limiting device 17' (reciprocating end stop) are provided to prevent the first unit 13' from deflecting beyond the starting position P. A '.exist Figure 5 and Figure 6 The starting position P of the external conductor contact element 21 is illustrated by way of example. A ', and in Figure 7 The diagram shows the contact position P when complete contact is achieved. K '. Figure 6 The diagram shows a partial insertion state between the electrical connector 1 and the first mating connector 4a, wherein the external conductor contact element 21 has not yet moved out of its initial position P. A Similar to the case of the internal conductor contact element 2, the first unit 13' and the second unit 14' of the external conductor contact element 21 are in the initial position P.A 'Middle relative to contact position P K It can also be stretched.

[0119] The first magnet 18' and the second magnet 19' of the magnet arrangement 10' of the external conductor contact element 21 are, for example, axially polarized toroidal magnets, wherein the first toroidal magnet 18' is associated with the first unit 13' and arranged on the flange portion 22 of the first unit 13 for this purpose, and the second toroidal magnet 19' is arranged on the second unit 14'. The first toroidal magnet 18' and the second toroidal magnet 19' may optionally be fixed to the respective first unit 13' and second unit 14'.

[0120] As from Figures 5 to 7 As can be seen, the first unit 13' of the external conductor contact element 21 is disposed in the area of ​​the second connection interface 7b for direct connection to the second mating connector 4b. For this reason, the external conductor contact element 21 is located from the starting position P. A 'Deflected to contact position P' K This causes axial deflection of the second connection interface 7b and axial deflection of the second mating connector 4b that can be connected to the second connection interface 7b.

[0121] If the corresponding axial compensation movement of the second connection interface 7b is not desired, the second connection interface 7b can be alternatively arranged on the second unit 14' of the external conductor contact element 21, such as based on Figure 8 and Figure 9 The exemplary embodiments are illustrated in the figure.

[0122] Figure 8 and Figure 9 The exemplary embodiments in the examples generally correspond to Figures 5 to 7 In an exemplary embodiment, the structure of the outer conductor contact element 21 is further similar to that of the inner conductor contact element 2. The interlocking latch arm then serves as the first motion limiting device 16' and the second motion limiting device 17'.

[0123] As already mentioned, in Figure 8 and Figure 9 In the exemplary embodiment, the axial compensation movement is intentionally limited only to the first connection interface 7a. For this reason, in this variation, axial deflection does not occur in the region of the second connection interface 7b (see [link]). Figure 8 and Figure 9 (Watch together).

Claims

1. An electrical contact element (2, 21) for an electrical plug-in connector (1), characterized in that, The electrical contact element (2, 21) has a magnet arrangement (10, 10') and an end face contact portion (11, 11'), the end face contact portion (11, 11') being designed to electrically contact the mating contact element (12) and in the insertion direction (S) at the initial position (P) where it is not contacted by the mating contact element (12). A P A ') and the contact position (P) that is in contact with the mating contact element (12). K P K The magnets can move between the contact positions (P'), wherein the magnet arrangement (10, 10') is configured to move from the contact position (P) by means of magnetic repulsion. K P K ') points to the starting position (P) A P A A force component (F) of ') is applied to the end face contact portion (11, 11'), wherein the magnet arrangement (10, 10') has at least one first magnet (18, 18') and a second magnet (19, 19'), the magnetic pole orientations of the first magnet (18, 18') and the second magnet (19, 19') being at least opposite to each other and oriented at least in the insertion direction (S) in each case, so as to generate the magnetic repulsion.

2. The electrical contact element (2, 21) according to claim 1, Its features are, The electrical contact element (2, 21) has at least one first unit (13, 13') and a second unit (14, 14'), the first unit (13, 13') having the end face contact portion (11, 11'), wherein the first unit (13, 13') is movable relative to the second unit (14, 14') in the insertion direction (S).

3. The electrical contact element (2, 21) according to claim 2, Its features are, One of the first unit (13, 13') and the second unit (14, 14') receives an axial end portion, and the movement of one of the first unit (13, 13') and the second unit (14, 14') is controlled in the other unit of the first unit (13, 13') and the second unit (14, 14'), wherein the first unit (13, 13') and the second unit (14, 14') are designed to be sleeve-shaped in each case.

4. The electrical contact element (2, 21) according to claim 2 or 3, Its features are, The end face contact portion (11, 11') at the starting position (P) A P A The spacing between the second unit (14, 14') and the contact position (P) is greater than that at the contact position (P). K P K The first unit (13, 13') and the second unit (14, 14') are further apart in the starting position (P). A P A ') relative to the contact position (P) K P K It can be stretched out.

5. The electrical contact element (2, 21) according to claim 2 or 3, Its features are, The first unit (13, 13') has a first motion limiting device (16, 16'), and the second unit (14, 14') has a corresponding second motion limiting device (17, 17'), such that the first unit (13, 13') cannot move from the contact position (P). K P K ') Move beyond the starting position (P) A P A ').

6. The electrical contact element (2, 21) according to any one of claims 1-3, Its features are, The second magnet (19, 19') is arranged coaxially with the first magnet (18, 18') and at least at the initial position (P) A P A The first magnet (18, 18') is spaced apart from the first magnet in the insertion direction (S).

7. The electrical contact element (2, 21) according to any one of claims 1-3, Its features are, The first magnet and / or the second magnet is designed as a bar magnet (18, 19), a toroidal magnet (18', 19'), or an electromagnet (20).

8. The electrical contact element (2, 21) according to any one of claims 1-3, Its features are, The magnetic repulsion provided solely by the magnetic arrangement (10, 10') is applied to the end face contact portion (11, 11') and from the contact position (P). K P K ') points to the starting position (P) A P A The force component (F) of ').

9. The electrical contact element (2, 21) according to any one of claims 1-3, Its features are, The end face contact portion (11, 11') is movably connected to the first magnet (18, 18'), wherein the first magnet (18, 18') is arranged on the first unit (13, 13').

10. The electrical contact element (2, 21) according to any one of claims 1-3, Its features are, The second magnet (19, 19') is statically or stationarily arranged in the electrical connector (1), and the first magnet (18, 18') is movably arranged in the electrical connector (1), wherein the second magnet (19, 19') is arranged on the second unit (14, 14').

11. The electrical contact element (2, 21) according to any one of claims 1-3, Its features are, The end face contact portion (11, 11') has a contact surface or a contact tip.

12. The electrical contact element (2, 21) according to any one of claims 1-3, Its features are, The electrical contact elements (2, 21) are designed as internal conductor contact elements (2) or external conductor contact elements (21).

13. An electrical plug connector (1) for connection to an electrically mating plug connector (4a), characterized in that, The electrical plug connector (1) has at least one electrical contact element (2, 21) according to any one of claims 1 to 12 for electrical connection to the mating contact element (12) of the electrical mating plug connector (4a).

14. An electrical plug connector (1) for connection to an electrically mating plug connector (4a), characterized in that, The electrical connector (1) has at least one electrical contact element (2, 21) for electrical connection to a mating contact element (12) of the electrical mating connector (4a). The electrical contact element (2, 21) includes a magnet arrangement (10, 10') and an end face contact portion (11, 11'). The end face contact portion is designed to electrically contact the electrical mating contact element (12) and in the insertion direction (S) at a starting position (P) where it is not contacted by the mating contact element (12). A P A ') and the contact position (P) that is in contact with the mating contact element (12). K P K The magnets can move between the contact positions (P'), wherein the magnet arrangement (10, 10') is configured to move from the contact position (P) by means of magnetic repulsion. K P K ') points to the starting position (P) A P A The force component (F) of the electrical contact element (2, 21) is applied to the end face contact portion (11, 11'), wherein the magnet device (10, 10') of the electrical contact element (2, 21) includes a first magnet (18, 18'), and wherein the magnetic repulsion is generated together with a second magnet (19, 19') independent of the electrical contact element (2, 21), the second magnet (19, 19') being disposed inside the electrical plug connector (1).

15. An electrical plug-in connector (3), characterized in that, The electrical connector (3) has an electrical connector (1) according to claim 13 or 14 and an electrical mating connector (4a).

Images