Cement platform on ocean submerged reef and construction method

Abstract

The invention provides a cement platform on an ocean submerged reef and a construction method, which are used for constructing an island on the ocean submerged reef, solve the problems of ecological damage to the submerged reef and overhigh cost in the traditional technology, and also solve the technical problems of transportation and shelving of a prefabricated ten-thousand-ton cement house on the submerged reef. According to the technical scheme for solving the technical problems, a gate base (13), a water gate (9) and a dock (8) which are lower than the sea level are built on the coast side, a square house (1) is built in the dock (8), supporting columns (3) and supporting columns (4) are built on a sea reef (5), the square house (1) is dragged to the position close to the sea reef (5) through buoyancy of seawater (6), grooves (2) are aligned with the supporting columns (3) and the supporting columns (4) during flood tide, and the square house (1) is dragged to the position above the sea reef (5). During ebb tide, the square house (1) is placed on the supporting columns (4), fresh water is injected into the bottom building of the square house (1), and the square house (1) is also placed on the supporting columns (4) during rising tide.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the field of ocean island engineering, and in particular to a cement platform on a marine reef and a construction method. BACKGROUND

[0002] A prefabricated cement house with a height of three floors and an area of 10,000 square meters is prepared on the coast, transported to the vicinity of the reef by sea buoyancy, and placed on the reef, which can protect the ecological environment of the reef and obtain an artificial island platform.

[0003] The shallowest water depth of Zengmu Reef is 17.5 meters, and the average water depth is about 50 meters. Due to the large water depth, it is difficult to use traditional island building technology, and the cost is high. However, the construction of an island on a reef is of great significance, such as water transfer, material supply, national defense, marine fishing, infrastructure construction, scientific research, resource exploration, rights protection, tourism development, etc.

[0004] The principle of sand blowing island building is to blow sand into a closed area to form land through two steps of sea reclamation and sand blowing. It is suitable for reclamation and island building in areas with shallow water depth. For reefs with a water depth of 20 meters or more, due to cost factors, wave erosion, building safety, expected life, etc., sand blowing island building technology is difficult to apply. And the sand blowing reclamation and island building has a great destructive effect on the original reef ecological environment, and the original reef is buried by sand blowing, which may lead to the endangerment or even extinction of unique species on the reef.

[0005] It is difficult, costly, and risky to build a house on a reef with a water depth of tens of meters. The weight of the existing prefabricated cement house module is about 15-30 tons. The standard density of reinforced concrete is usually 2500 kg / m 3 The weight of a prefabricated cement house with an area of 10,000 square meters and a height of three floors can reach 40,000 tons, which cannot be transported by existing technology. The maximum lifting capacity of the crane (22,000 tons) cannot lift a 40,000-ton cement house to the reef. SUMMARY

[0006] In order to overcome the above-mentioned defects of the existing island building technology on a marine reef, the present application provides a cement platform on a marine reef and a construction method.

[0007] The technical scheme adopted by the present application to solve its technical problems is: a cement platform on a marine reef and a construction method, characterized in that a rectangular gate foundation (13) lower than the sea level is constructed on the coast as an outlet to the sea, a water gate (9) is constructed on the gate foundation (13) by laying three layers of leather pads to control the opening and closing of a dock (8), the water gate (9) is made of reinforced concrete into an open cement box, the water gate (9) is controlled by water injection and water pumping to sink and float, a dock (8) is excavated on the land side of the gate foundation (13), eight rows of isosceles trapezoidal wall piers (18) are constructed on the ground in the dock (8) for the recesses (2) at the bottom of the prefabricated square house (1), water ditches (19) are constructed around the dock (8) for draining the accumulated water on the ground, the square house (1) is constructed by laying three layers of plastic film in the dock (8), after the square house (1) is completed, water is injected into the dock (8), support columns (3) and struts (4) are constructed on the reef (5), the water in the water gate (9) is pumped out to make the water gate (9) float on the water surface, the water gate (9) is opened by pulling the pull ring (12) with the water gate (9) as the center of the circular ring with the rotation shaft (10) perpendicular to the ground, the square house (1) is floated on the sea surface (7) by using the buoyancy of seawater (6), the square house (1) is dragged to the vicinity of the reef (5) by taking the first traction ring (14), the second traction ring (15), the third traction ring (16), and the fourth traction ring (17) as fulcrums, when the tide rises, the recesses (2) are aligned with the support columns (3) and the struts (4), the square house (1) is dragged above the reef (5), when the tide falls, the square house (1) rests on the struts (4), fresh water is injected into the bottom floor of the square house (1) to make the square house (1) rest on the struts (4) when the tide rises.

[0008] The tidal range (the difference in sea level between high tide and low tide) is usually between 0.5 meters and 20 meters, depending on the geographical location and the type of tide, with the maximum recorded being 19.6 meters. The size of the tidal range is mainly determined by the gravitational effects of the moon and the sun and the coastal topography. The Pacific Ocean tidal height difference is about 2 meters to 5 meters. The present application uses the nearly 40,000-ton house to rest on the reef support column by using the tidal height variation. By measuring the tidal data of the reef, the weight of the square house (1) is calculated, the lower bottom of the recess (2) is controlled to be not less than 0.3 meters from the upper bottom of the strut (4) during the neap tide, and the square house (1) is ensured to be moved on the strut (4) during the neap tide. Since the tidal data and water depth data of the specific coastal location and reef location are different, the specific weight data of the square house (1) and the length data of the support column (3) need to be calculated after the dock (8) location and the reef (5) location are determined. The weight of the square house (1) and the length of the support column (3) should be within a reasonable and feasible range to achieve the purpose.

[0009] The square house (1) is a three-story building, and the bottom floor is submerged under the water surface during the high tide. The bottom floor is used to store fresh water resources, which are essential for human habitation. The fresh water can be used for breeding freshwater fish, planting vegetables, and domestic water. The fresh water can also provide gravity to prevent the square house (1) from floating up during the high tide or even being washed away by the sea waves. The square house (1) floats on the sea surface and is affected by the sea waves. Since the square house (1) can weigh up to 40,000 tons, it is very difficult to operate when dragging and moving the square house (1) to the support column (4). Therefore, the support column (4) is set to have a diameter of 1 meter, and the groove (2) has a width of 2 meters. The wall pier (18) and the groove (2) are complementary in shape. If the longitudinal section of the wall pier (18) and the groove (2) is set to be rectangular, it will be difficult for the square house (1) to float due to the friction. Therefore, the longitudinal section of the wall pier (18) and the groove (2) is set to be isosceles trapezoidal, which makes it easy for the square house (1) to float due to the buoyancy. The water gate (9) is set to a height that can resist risks and prevent the harm of seawater flooding during the construction of the square house (1). The square house (1) is provided with three floors, and the floor, bearing beam, cross beam, pre-buried water pipe, pre-buried electric pipe, pre-buried ventilation pipe, and other known structures, the number and density of the support column (3) and the support column (4) are executed according to the existing building specification standard.

[0010] The beneficial effects of the present application are:

[0011] ① The prefabricated cement house avoids the destruction of the ecological environment of the coral reef caused by construction waste;

[0012] ② The square house (1) can also provide gravity to avoid the square house (1) from being washed away by the sea waves;

[0013] ③ The wall pier (18) is set to be isosceles trapezoidal to facilitate the square house (1) to float and separate from the dock (8);

[0014] ④ Three layers of leather pads are placed on the door base (13) to prevent water leakage and prevent the water gate (9) from sticking to the ground during construction;

[0015] ⑤ Three layers of plastic film are placed in the dock (8) to build the square house (1) to prevent the square house (1) from sticking to the dock and floating up;

[0016] ⑥ The dock (8) can be reused;

[0017] ⑦ Several square houses (1) can be built side by side to obtain an airport runway with a width of 100 meters and a length of several kilometers;

[0018] ⑧ Environmentally friendly, ecological, energy-saving, and cost-saving;

[0019] ⑨ Utilize the tidal difference to place the 40,000-ton cement house on the support column (3) and the support column (4) of the coral reef (5);

[0020] 10. Building houses on the remote sea reefs is more difficult, more costly, more garbage and more pollution than prefabricating houses on the continental coast. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0021] The application will be further described below in connection with the drawings and examples.

[0022] Figure 1 The cross-sectional structure of some embodiments of the application is shown in the figure;

[0023] Figure 2 The overhead structure of the dock (8) of some embodiments of the application is shown in the figure;

[0024] Figure 3 The cross-sectional structure of the dock (8) of some embodiments of the application is shown in the figure;

[0025] In the figure, 1. square house, 2. groove, 3. support column, 4. support column, 5. reef, 6. seawater, 7. sea surface, 8. dock, 9. water gate, 10. rotating shaft, 11. collar, 12. pull ring, 13. door base, 14. first pull ring, 15. second pull ring, 16. third pull ring, 17. fourth pull ring, 18. pier, 19. water ditch. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the application will be described clearly and completely below in connection with the drawings in the embodiments of the application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some of the embodiments of the application, but not all the embodiments.

[0027] In the description of the application, it should be understood that the directions or position relationships indicated by the terms "inner", "outer", "open", "closed", "sunk", "floating", "cross section", "longitudinal section", "water accumulation", "bottom", "upper", "lower", "water surface", "land side", "edge" and the like are based on the parallel plane of the observer's line of sight when virtually installing the application, and are only for the convenience of describing the application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the indicated device or element must have a specific direction, be constructed and operated in a specific direction, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation of the application.

[0028] It should also be understood that the gap between the water gate (9) and the dock (8) in the figure is only for the convenience of distinguishing, identifying and understanding the position relationship and connection relationship, and cannot be understood as reserving a gap of a corresponding proportion, and cannot limit the position relationship and connection relationship of other embodiments of the application.

[0029]

Example One

[0030] A cement platform on a marine reef and a building method, characterized in that a rectangular gate base (13) is built below sea level at the coast as an outlet, a water gate (9) is built on the gate base (13) with three layers of rubber mat to control the opening and closing of a ship dock (8), the water gate (9) is made of reinforced concrete into an open cement box, the water gate (9) is controlled by water injection and water pumping to sink and float, a ship dock (8) is dug on the land side of the gate base (13), eight rows of isosceles trapezoidal wall piers (18) are built on the ground in the ship dock (8) for the recess (2) of the prefabricated square house (1) bottom, water ditches (19) are built around the ship dock (8) for draining ground water, the square house (1) is built with three layers of plastic film in the ship dock (8), after the square house (1) is built, water is injected into the ship dock (8), support columns (3) and support columns (4) are built on the reef (5), the water in the water gate (9) is pumped out to make the water gate (9) float on the water surface, the water gate (9) is opened by pulling the pull ring (12) with the water gate (9) as the center of the connecting ring (11) and the rotating shaft (10) perpendicular to the ground, the square house (1) is floated on the sea surface (7) by the buoyancy of seawater (6), the square house (1) is dragged to the vicinity of the reef (5) by the first traction ring (14), the second traction ring (15), the third traction ring (16) and the fourth traction ring (17) as fulcrums, when the tide rises, the recess (2) is aligned with the support columns (3) and the support columns (4), the square house (1) is dragged above the reef (5), when the tide falls, the square house (1) is placed on the support columns (4), fresh water is injected into the bottom floor of the square house (1) to make the square house (1) also rest on the support columns (4) when the tide rises, the support columns (3) are characterized by being 80 meters long and having a circular cross section with a diameter of 2 meters, the support columns (4) are 4 meters long and have a circular cross section with a diameter of 1 meter, the square house (1) is characterized by being 100 meters long, 100 meters wide and 13 meters high, including three floors and four floor slabs, the floor height is 4 meters and the width is 12 meters, the recess (2) is provided in the bottom floor, the longitudinal cross section of the recess (2) is trapezoidal, the lower part is 2.5 meters, the upper part is 2 meters wide, the main body is built by reinforced concrete, a waterproof layer is arranged outside, three layers of plastic film are arranged between the bottom of the square house (1) and the dock (8) to facilitate floating on the water surface by using the buoyancy of seawater, a first traction ring (14), a second traction ring (15), a third traction ring (16) and a fourth traction ring (17) are arranged at four corners respectively, the dock (8) is characterized in that a gate foundation (13) with a length of 166 meters, a width of 28 meters and a low tide below sea level of 4 meters is built on the coast, the dock (8) operation surface is excavated on the land side of the gate foundation (13) and the four sides and the bottom are hardened, after the dock (8) operation surface is built, the length is 120 meters, the width is 120 meters, the final ground elevation of the dock (8) operation surface is consistent with the gate foundation (13), the distance between the dock (8) operation surface and one end of the gate foundation (13) is 13 meters, and the distance between the dock (8) operation surface and the other end of the gate foundation (13) is 33 meters, eight rows of wall piers (18) are built in the dock (8), the longitudinal section of the wall pier (18) is isosceles trapezoidal, the height of the isosceles trapezoidal longitudinal section of the wall pier (18) is 4 meters, the upper bottom length is 2 meters, the lower bottom length is 2.5 meters, the wall pier (18) is 100 meters long, the distance between the top ends of two adjacent wall piers (18) is 12 meters, a water ditch (19) is excavated 0.3 meters away from the edge of the four sides of the dock (8), the water ditch (19) is used for discharging ground water, the depth of the water ditch (19) is 0.6 meters, the width is 0.6 meters, a water gate (9) is built on the gate foundation (13), the water gate (9) is composed of six open cubic cement boxes with a length, a width and a height of 22 meters connected together, three layers of rubber are laid on the bottom of the water gate (9), the distance between the two ends of the water gate (9) and the dock (8) is 3 meters, a vertical horizontal rotating shaft (10) is built next to the wide end on the outside of the water gate (9), the rotating shaft (10) is fixed on the ground, a sleeve ring (11) is sleeved on the rotating shaft (10), three sleeve rings (11) are arranged, one is arranged on the upper, middle and lower positions respectively and spaced 6 meters apart, the sleeve ring (11) is connected to the corner of the water gate (9), the sleeve ring (11) is a circular ring, the sleeve ring (11) is matched with the rotating shaft (10) and is used as the rotating shaft of the water gate (9), seawater is injected into the water gate (9) by using a water pump, the seawater is blocked by gravity, the seawater in the dock (8) is pumped out, the square house (1) is built, seawater is injected into the dock (8), the seawater in the water gate (9) is pumped out, the square house (1) is dragged into the sea by pulling the second traction ring (15) and the fourth traction ring (17) when the tide rises, the square house (1) is controlled to drift in a direction by pulling the first traction ring (14) and the third traction ring (16).

[0031] The weight of the square house (1) is roughly estimated: the total of three floors is four floors, the average thickness of each floor is 0.25 meters, and the average weight per square of occupied area is:

[0032] The floor weight = 2.5 tons / cubic meter of reinforced concrete x 4 layers x 0.25 cubic meters of reinforced concrete / square meter·layer = 2.5 tons / square meter.

[0033] Beam, load-bearing beam weight estimate = 1 ton / square meter.

[0034] Square room (1) per square floor area of its own weight = 2.5 tons + 1 ton = 3.5 tons.

[0035] Square room (1) total weight = 3.5 tons / square meter x 100 meters x 100 meters = 35,000 tons.

[0036] The seawater buoyancy is roughly calculated as 1 ton / cubic meter, the height of the basement is calculated as 4 meters of net height, and the bottom plate is calculated as 0.25 meters high. The result is:

[0037] Square room (1) basement buoyancy = 12 meters / column x 7 columns x 100 meters x 4.25 meters x 1 ton / cubic meter = 35,700 tons.

[0038] Since the square room (1) basement buoyancy is about 35,700 tons, and the total weight of the square room (1) is about 35,000 tons, the square room (1) can rely on the buoyancy of the basement to support its own total weight.

[0039] From the rough calculation, it is concluded that the self-weight of the square room (1) is just located near the top of the basement, and the top two floors are floating on the water surface.

Claims

1. A cement platform on an ocean reef and method of construction, characterised in that, Build a rectangular door base (13) below sea level as an outlet at the coast, build a water gate (9) to control the opening and closing of the dock (8) on the door base (13) with three layers of leather pad, the water gate (9) is made of reinforced concrete into an open cement box, by injecting and pumping water to control the sinking and floating of the water gate (9), dig a dock (8) on the land side of the door base (13), build eight rows of isosceles trapezoidal wall piers (18) on the ground in the dock (8) for the recess (2) at the bottom of the prefabricated square house (1), build a water ditch (19) around the dock (8) for draining surface water, build a square house (1) in the dock (8) with three layers of plastic film, after the square house (1) is built, inject water into the dock (8), build support columns (3) and support columns (4) on the sea reef (5), pump out the water in the water gate (9) to make the water gate (9) float on the water surface, take the water gate (9) as the center of the connecting ring (11) with the vertical to the ground axis (10), pull the pull ring (12), open the water gate (9), use the buoyancy of seawater (6) to float the square house (1) on the sea surface (7), use the first traction ring (14), the second traction ring (15), the third traction ring (16), the fourth traction ring (17) as the fulcrum to drag the square house (1) to the vicinity of the sea reef (5), when the tide rises, make the recess (2) align with the support column (3) and the support column (4), drag the square house (1) above the sea reef (5), when the tide falls, the square house (1) rests on the support column (4), inject fresh water into the bottom floor of the square house (1), so that the square house (1) also rests on the support column (4) when the tide rises.

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