Device and method for measuring canopy interception of tropical man-made forest

Abstract

The invention discloses a device and a method for measuring the canopy interception of a tropical man-made forest. The measuring device comprises an in-forest rainfall measuring device, an out-forest rainfall measuring device and a trunk flow measuring device. The measurement method comprises the steps of equipment deployment, calculation of penetration rainfall and calculation of canopy interception. According to the method, the rainfall outside the forest, the penetration rainfall and the trunk flow data are obtained, the crown interception data can be obtained through simple calculation, and the tropical artificial forest water source conservation capability is conveniently researched; the in-forest rainfall measuring device has the advantages that sundries accumulated in the rain gauge and shelters at the opening of the rain gauge can be automatically cleaned, the accuracy of the measuring process is ensured, and the in-forest rainfall measuring device can be suitable for tropical artificial forests in rainstorm and typhoon weather and with many litters, tropical artificial forests in the repairing process and the like; the corrected value is adopted to replace abandoned penetrating rainfall data, the problem of inaccurate measurement caused by a shielding object at the opening of the rain gauge can be corrected, and the measurement precision is greatly improved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application belongs to the technical field of plantation monitoring, and particularly relates to a tropical plantation canopy interception measurement device and a measurement method. BACKGROUND

[0002] In the technical field of tropical plantation monitoring, canopy interception is a key parameter for evaluating the water conservation capacity of plantations. The existing measurement method needs to use a rain gauge to measure the rain outside the forest, the through rain, and a stem flow measuring device to measure. In China's tropical regions, the rainfall is abundant, especially during heavy rain, and there are more forest litter. The rain gauge opening is easily covered by leaves, branches and other debris, and sometimes the debris falls into the rain gauge, causing the through rain measurement to be distorted, affecting the accuracy of the canopy interception calculation. When processing data, the existing technology can only discard the data of this rain gauge, or re-measure, or measure more rain gauges, and the success of the measurement is still unknown. In recent years, with the vigorous development of plantation restoration work, there are more dead and fallen trees in plantations after human intervention, and the coverage and blockage of litter have brought obstacles to the use of ordinary rain gauges to study the canopy interception of plantations in the restoration process. There is currently no special rainfall measurement equipment for tropical plantations with more litter.

[0003] Therefore, it is necessary to develop a tropical plantation canopy interception measurement device and a measurement method that can handle obstructions and have high measurement accuracy. SUMMARY

[0004] To solve the above technical problems, the first purpose of the present application is to provide a tropical plantation canopy interception measurement device, which is particularly suitable for tropical plantations, especially for tropical plantations in the near-natural restoration process.

[0005] The second purpose of the present application is to provide a measurement method for a tropical plantation canopy interception measurement device.

[0006] The first purpose of the present application is achieved by a tropical plantation canopy interception measurement device, which comprises an in-forest rain measurement device, an out-of-forest rain measurement device, and a stem flow measurement device. The in-forest rain measurement device is arranged in the forest, the out-of-forest rain measurement device is arranged outside the forest, and the stem flow measurement device is arranged on the stem. The rain gauge measuring device comprises a rain gauge cylinder, a support, a lifting device, a waterproof motor, a conical mesh cover, a flow guide pipe, a water collecting barrel, a drainage pipe and a flow meter, the rain gauge cylinder is fixed on the support, the lifting device is located at the bottom of the support, the lifting part of the lifting device penetrates into the rain gauge cylinder through the rain gauge cylinder, a dynamic seal is arranged between the lifting part of the lifting device and the bottom of the rain gauge cylinder, a holder is fixed at the end of the lifting part, the waterproof motor is fixed on the holder, the power output part of the waterproof motor is connected with the center of the conical mesh cover in the rain gauge cylinder through a rotating shaft, the tip of the conical mesh cover is upward, the bottom of the rain gauge cylinder is connected with the water collecting barrel through the flow guide pipe, and the bottom of the water collecting barrel is connected with the flow meter through the drainage pipe. The conical mesh cover comprises a cover top, a fixed bottom ring, a fixed rod and a fixed ring, the cover top is a closed conical structure, the fixed bottom ring is located below the cover top and the axes of the two are coincident, a plurality of fixed rods are fixed between the bottom end of the cover top and the fixed bottom ring, and the fixed rods are arranged in a radial manner from the center of the cover top to the fixed bottom ring, a plurality of fixed rings are fixed on the fixed rods from bottom to top, and the fixed rings and the fixed rods form holes, the holes in the same ring are equal in size, and the holes in different rings gradually increase from top to bottom.

[0007] The flow meter is a flow meter commonly used in the field for monitoring rainfall, such as a tipping bucket flow meter, which has a recording function and can record rainfall accumulation data changing with time.

[0008] The lifting device can be an electric telescopic cylinder commonly used in the field, and the dynamic seal between the telescopic rod of the electric telescopic cylinder and the bottom of the rain gauge cylinder is a reciprocating dynamic seal part commonly used in the field.

[0009] It should be noted that there is a small gap between the conical mesh cover and the inner wall of the rain gauge cylinder, but the gap is very small to ensure that the conical mesh cover can smoothly enter the rain gauge cylinder when it is lowered; in addition, the conical mesh cover does not completely isolate impurities, but to some extent, it blocks larger impurities and reduces the occurrence of blockage; in fact, the structure of the conical mesh cover increases the interception area compared with a general filter screen; similarly, a filter screen can also be arranged at the mouth of the flow guide pipe.

[0010] The material of the conical mesh cover can be stainless steel, which is strong and durable; the waterproof motor is a motor commonly used in the field with waterproof capability, the rotating speed of which is preset in advance, the motor cable can be a waterproof cable, and the length of the cable is determined according to the lifting height to ensure that it does not affect normal lifting, and the cable is sealed after being pulled out from the bottom of the rain gauge cylinder.

[0011] The power supply of the waterproof motor, the lifting device and other electrical components can adopt a large-capacity storage battery.

[0012] Preferably, one rain gauge cylinder has two conical mesh covers, and the two conical mesh covers are arranged in an upper-lower manner, and the top end of the cover top of the lower conical mesh cover is flush with the fixed bottom ring of the upper conical mesh cover.

[0013] Preferably, the forest rainfall measuring device further comprises a stabilizer, the stabilizer comprises a mounting ring, support rods and balls, the mounting ring is sleeved outside the waterproof motor, a plurality of support rods are arranged on the mounting ring at equal intervals in the circumferential direction, the end of the support rod is embedded with the ball, and the ball is in contact with the inner wall of the rainfall cylinder.

[0014] Preferably, the controller and the wireless communication device are electrically connected with the flow meter of the forest rainfall measuring device, the wireless communication device is used for remotely sending the measurement data.

[0015] Preferably, the rainfall cylinder is provided with a monitoring camera, the monitoring camera is directed towards the cylinder opening of the rainfall cylinder, and the monitoring camera is used for monitoring the cylinder opening of the rainfall cylinder, so that the staff can timely master the shielding condition of the cylinder opening.

[0016] The second object of the application is achieved by comprising the following steps: S1, device deployment: selecting a representative sample wood in a tropical plantation sample plot as a measurement object, installing a stem flow measuring device on the sample wood, and arranging a plurality of forest rainfall measuring devices at equal intervals from inside to outside within the canopy range of the sample wood; the forest rainfall measuring device is arranged outside the forest; S2, calculating the throughfall: if the cylinder opening of a rainfall measuring device is shielded, the working time of the lifting device of the rainfall measuring device is recorded as t when the shielding object is cleaned by the conical net cover, the rainfall data recorded by the rainfall measuring device in the working time t is discarded, the rainfall data measured by the remaining rainfall measuring devices in the working time t is summed, and the average value is taken as a correction value to replace the discarded rainfall data; the rainfall data measured by all the rainfall measuring devices is summed, and the average value is taken as the throughfall P'; S3, calculating the canopy interception: the canopy interception is calculated according to the following formula: In the formula, I is the canopy interception, mm; P is the rainfall outside the forest, mm; P' is the throughfall, mm; and G is the stem flow, mm.

[0017] Preferably, the distance between the rainfall cylinders of the adjacent forest rainfall measuring devices in the S1 step is 50cm-100cm.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the application has the following technical effects: 1. The measuring device of this invention acquires data on rainfall outside the forest, throughfall, and trunk flow. The canopy interception data can be obtained through simple calculation, which is convenient for studying the water conservation capacity of tropical plantations. The rain measurement device of this invention automatically cleans up debris accumulated inside the rain gauge and obstructions at the opening of the rain gauge, ensuring the accuracy of the measurement process. It is suitable for rainy weather, tropical plantations with a lot of litter, and tropical plantations in the process of restoration. 2. The measurement method of the present invention uses a correction value to replace the discarded rainfall data for the penetration rainfall, which can correct the problem of inaccurate measurement caused by obstructions at the opening of the rain gauge and greatly improve the measurement accuracy. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the device of the present invention; Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the forest rainfall measurement device; Figure 3 for Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the structure of the conical mesh cover during operation; Figure 4 This is a top view of the cone-shaped mesh cover; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the stabilizer's structure; In the diagram: 1-Forest rainfall measurement device, 1a-Rain gauge, 1b-Support, 1c-Lifting device, 1d-Waterproof motor, 1e-Conical net cover, 1f-Drainage pipe, 1g-Water collection bucket, 1h-Drainage pipe, 1i-Flow meter, 1j-Gimbal, 1k-Top of cover, 1m-Fixing bottom ring, 1n-Fixing rod, 1p-Fixing ring, 1q-Mounting ring, 1r-Support rod, 1s-Ball bearing, 2-Forest rainfall measurement device, 3-Tree trunk flow measurement device, 4-Monitoring camera, 5-Sample tree. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the embodiments and accompanying drawings, but this does not limit the present invention in any way. Any changes or substitutions made based on the teachings of the present invention shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0021] Example 1 As attached Figures 1-5 As shown, the trunk flow measurement device for tropical plantations in this embodiment includes a forest rainfall measurement device 1, a forest external rainfall measurement device 2, and a trunk flow measurement device 3. The forest rainfall measurement device 1 is located inside the forest, the forest external rainfall measurement device 2 is located outside the forest, and the trunk flow measurement device 3 is located on the tree trunk. Its characteristic is that: The rain gauge measuring device 1 includes a rain gauge 1a, a support 1b, a lifting device 1c, a waterproof motor 1d, a conical mesh cover 1e, a flow guide pipe 1f, a water collecting barrel 1g, a drainage pipe 1h, and a flow meter 1i. The conical mesh cover 1e includes a cover top 1k, a fixed bottom ring 1m, a fixed rod 1n, and a fixed ring 1p. The cover top 1k is a conical structure with a closed surface. The fixed bottom ring 1m is below the cover top 1k, and the axes of the two coincide. A plurality of fixed rods 1n are fixed between the bottom end of the cover top 1k and the fixed bottom ring 1m, and the fixed rods 1n are arranged radially from the center of the cover top 1k to the fixed bottom ring 1m. A plurality of fixed rings 1p are fixed on the fixed rods 1n from bottom to top. The fixed rings 1p and the fixed rods 1n form holes. The holes in the same ring are equal in size, and the holes in different rings gradually increase from top to bottom. The rain gauge 1a has two conical mesh covers 1e, which are arranged in an upper and lower manner. The top end of the cover top 1k of the lower conical mesh cover 1e is flush with the fixed bottom ring 1m of the upper conical mesh cover 1e. The two conical mesh covers 1e play a role in two-stage interception of sundries, further reducing blockage. After the conical mesh cover 1e is raised, it is rotated to clean the sundries of the two conical mesh covers 1e and the shielding objects shielding the barrel opening of the rain gauge 1a.

[0022] Example 2 The tropical artificial forest stem flow measuring device of this embodiment is based on example 1. The rain gauge measuring device 1 further includes a stabilizer. The stabilizer includes a mounting ring 1q, a support rod 1r, and a ball 1s. The mounting ring 1q is sleeved outside the waterproof motor 1d. A plurality of support rods 1r are arranged at equal intervals along the circumference of the mounting ring 1q. The end of the support rod 1r is embedded with a ball 1s. The ball 1s is in contact with and slidingly engages with the inner wall of the rain gauge 1a. The stabilizer is used to stabilize the lifting of the conical mesh cover 1e and enhance the stability during the rotation process.

[0023] Example 3 The trunk flow measuring device of the tropical artificial forest of the embodiment comprises a PLC controller and a wireless communication device, the PLC controller is electrically connected with the wireless communication device, the in-forest rainfall measuring device 1, the out-of-forest rainfall measuring device 2 and the trunk flow measuring device 3, and the wireless communication device is used for remotely sending the measurement data; the monitoring camera 4 is arranged beside the rainfall cylinder 1a and faces the cylinder opening of the rainfall cylinder 1a; one rainfall cylinder 1a corresponds to one monitoring camera 4, the monitoring camera 4 monitors the picture of the cylinder opening of the corresponding rainfall cylinder 1a in real time, the monitoring picture of the monitoring camera 4 can be compared with the unblocked normal picture in the database, and the picture change of the cylinder opening of the rainfall cylinder 1a can be judged by using the machine learning technology in the prior art after training; if there is an obstruction, the lifting device 1c and the waterproof motor 1d are automatically started to work in the set order to complete the cleaning work; the judgment of whether the cylinder opening of the rainfall cylinder 1a is blocked by using the monitoring picture is the common image recognition technology in the prior art, the connection relationship between the PLC and the controlled components and the logic control process are the prior art, and the PLC programming known in the art can be used to realize the connection relationship and the logic control process.

[0024] The working principle and working process of the measuring device are as follows: the in-forest rainfall measuring device 1 is used for measuring the in-forest throughfall, the out-of-forest rainfall measuring device 2 is used for measuring the out-of-forest rainfall, and the trunk flow measuring device 3 is used for measuring the trunk flow; the rainwater is collected in the rainfall cylinder 1a, flows into the flow meter 1i through the flow guide pipe 1f, the water collecting barrel 1g and the drainage pipe 1h to calculate the flow; when the rainfall cylinder 1a is blocked, the lifting device 1c is started, the conical mesh cover 1e is lifted to push the obstruction out, the conical mesh cover 1e is lifted to be higher than the cylinder opening of the rainfall cylinder 1a, the conical structure of the conical mesh cover 1e helps to lift and push the obstruction to fall away from the cylinder opening; then the waterproof motor 1d is started to drive the conical mesh cover 1e to rotate, under the action of the centrifugal force, the remaining sundries on the conical mesh cover 1e are further thrown off, then the rotation is stopped and the conical mesh cover 1e is lowered to the starting position, the treatment of the obstruction is completed, and the measurement accuracy of the rainfall cylinder 1a is ensured; the conical mesh cover 1e plays a role in blocking sundries and preventing blockage on one hand, and the conical structure increases the filtering area, which helps the rainwater to smoothly enter the flow guide pipe 1f, and the gradually increasing holes also ensure that the rainwater can quickly flow down through the larger holes at the lower part of the conical mesh cover 1e when there are sundries on the conical mesh cover 1e.

[0025] Embodiment 4 The embodiment is a measurement method of the trunk flow measuring device of the tropical artificial forest of the embodiment 1, and comprises the following steps. S1, device deployment: select 5 representative sample trees in the tropical plantation sample plot as measurement objects, install the stem flow measurement device 3 on the sample tree 5, and set multiple in-forest rainfall measurement devices 1 within the canopy range of the sample tree 5 at equal intervals from inside to outside, the distance between the rain gauges 1a of adjacent in-forest rainfall measurement devices 1 is 100 cm; the out-of-forest rainfall measurement device 2 is set outside the forest; S2, calculate the throughfall: if the rain gauge 1a of a certain rainfall measurement device 1 is blocked, clean the blockage through the conical mesh cover 1e, record the working time of the lifting device 1c of the rainfall measurement device 1 as t, discard the rainfall data recorded by the rainfall measurement device 1 within the working time t, it should be noted that the working time t refers to the total time of lifting the conical mesh cover 1e to the preset position by the lifting device 1c, rotating the conical mesh cover 1e by the waterproof motor 1d, and lowering the conical mesh cover 1e to the starting position; sum the rainfall data measured by the remaining rainfall measurement devices 1 within the working time t, and take the average as the correction value to replace the discarded rainfall data; sum the rainfall data measured by all rainfall measurement devices 1, and take the average as the throughfall P'; S3, calculate the canopy interception: the canopy interception is calculated according to the following formula: In the formula: I is the canopy interception, mm; P is the out-of-forest rainfall, mm; P' is the throughfall, mm; G is the stem flow, mm.

Claims

1. A tropical plantation canopy interception measurement device, comprising an in-forest rainfall measurement device (1), an out-of-forest rainfall measurement device (2), and a stem flow measurement device (3), wherein the in-forest rainfall measurement device (1) is arranged in the forest, the out-of-forest rainfall measurement device (2) is arranged outside the forest, and the stem flow measurement device (3) is arranged on the stem, characterized in that: the in-forest rainfall measurement device (1) comprises a rain gauge cylinder (1a), a support (1b), a lifting device (1c), a waterproof motor (1d), a conical mesh cover (1e), a flow guide pipe (1f), a water collecting barrel (1g), a drainage pipe (1h), and a flow meter (1i), the rain gauge cylinder (1a) is fixedly arranged on the support (1b), the lifting device (1c) is arranged at the bottom of the support (1b), the lifting part of the lifting device (1c) penetrates through the rain gauge cylinder (1a) and enters the rain gauge cylinder (1a), a dynamic seal is arranged between the lifting part of the lifting device (1c) and the bottom of the rain gauge cylinder (1a), a cloud platform (1j) is fixedly arranged at the end of the lifting part, the waterproof motor (1d) is fixedly arranged on the cloud platform (1j), the power output part of the waterproof motor (1d) is connected with the center of the conical mesh cover (1e) in the rain gauge cylinder (1a) through a rotating shaft, the tip of the conical mesh cover (1e) is upward, and the bottom of the rain gauge cylinder (1a) is connected with the water collecting barrel (1g) through the flow guide pipe (1f), the bottom of the water collecting barrel (1g) is connected with the flow meter (1i) through the drainage pipe (1h); the conical mesh cover (1e) comprises a cover top (1k), a fixed bottom ring (1m), a fixed rod (1n), and a fixed ring (1p), the cover top (1k) is a conical structure with a closed surface, the fixed bottom ring (1m) is arranged below the cover top (1k) and the axes of the cover top (1k) and the fixed bottom ring (1m) coincide, a plurality of fixed rods (1n) are fixedly arranged between the bottom end of the cover top (1k) and the fixed bottom ring (1m), and the fixed rods (1n) are arranged in a radial manner from the center of the cover top (1k) to the fixed bottom ring (1m), a plurality of fixed rings (1p) are fixedly arranged on the fixed rods (1n) from bottom to top, holes are formed between the fixed rings (1p) and the fixed rods (1n), the holes in the same ring are equal in size, and the holes in different rings gradually increase from top to bottom. The rain gauge cylinder (1a) has two conical mesh covers (1e), the two conical mesh covers (1e) are arranged in an up-down manner, and the top end of the cover top (1k) of the lower conical mesh cover (1e) is flush with the fixed bottom ring (1m) of the upper conical mesh cover (1e).

2. The throughfall measuring device for a tropical plantation canopy according to claim 1, characterized in that The in-forest rainfall measurement device (1) further comprises a stabilizer, the stabilizer comprises a mounting ring (1q), a support rod (1r), and a ball (1s), the mounting ring (1q) is sleeved outside the waterproof motor (1d), a plurality of support rods (1r) are arranged at equal intervals in the circumferential direction of the mounting ring (1q), the end of each support rod (1r) is embedded with a ball (1s), and the ball (1s) is in contact with the inner wall of the rain gauge cylinder (1a).

3. The throughfall measuring device for a tropical plantation canopy according to claim 1, characterized in that The device further comprises a controller and a wireless communication device, the controller is electrically connected with the wireless communication device, the in-forest rainfall measurement device (1), the out-of-forest rainfall measurement device (2), and the flow meter of the stem flow measurement device (3), and the wireless communication device is used for remotely sending measurement data.

4. The throughfall measuring device for a tropical plantation canopy according to claim 1, characterized by ​ 5. The throughfall measuring device for a tropical plantation canopy according to claim 1, characterized by The rain gauge cylinder (1a) is provided with a monitoring camera (4) beside it, and the monitoring camera (4) faces the cylinder mouth of the rain gauge cylinder (1a).

6. A measuring method of the measurement device for the canopy interception of a tropical plantation according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that The method comprises the following steps: S1, device deployment: select a representative sample tree (5) in a tropical plantation sample plot as the measurement object, install the stem flow measurement device (3) on the sample tree (5), and set multiple in-forest rainfall measurement devices (1) within the canopy range of the sample tree (5) at equal intervals from inside to outside; the out-of-forest rainfall measurement device (2) is arranged outside the forest; S2, calculate the throughfall: if the cylinder mouth of a certain rainfall measurement device (1) is blocked, record the working time of the lifting device (1c) of the rainfall measurement device (1) as t when the blocking object is cleaned by the conical net cover (1e), discard the rainfall data recorded by the rainfall measurement device (1) within the working time t, sum the rainfall data measured by the remaining rainfall measurement devices (1) within the working time t, and take the average value as the correction value to replace the discarded rainfall data; sum the rainfall data measured by all rainfall measurement devices (1), take the average value, and take the average value as the throughfall P'; S3, calculate the canopy interception: the canopy interception is calculated according to the following formula: In the formula: I is the canopy interception, mm; P is the out-of-forest rainfall, mm; P' is the throughfall, mm; G is the stem flow, mm.

7. The method of measuring according to claim 5, wherein The distance between the rain gauge cylinders (1a) of the adjacent in-forest rainfall measurement devices (1) in the S1 step is 50cm~100cm.

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