Fault detection method for fuel cell system of hydrogen energy ship

Abstract

The invention relates to a hydrogen energy ship fuel cell system fault detection method. The method comprises the steps that a data acquisition module acquires fuel cell system operation data through a multi-sensor detection technology; the data analysis and processing module carries out data processing and analysis, and alarms the fault level, position and reason of the fuel cell system in real time through the multi-level alarm module; an intelligent navigation processing method is generated through the intelligent navigation processing module, an alarm interface is synchronized, and operation and maintenance personnel are guided to process according to a navigation process on site; a fault of the fuel cell system is rapidly handled through man-machine combination, and fault reset is carried out; the method solves the problems of dependence on manual intervention, relatively high response delay and relatively large risk in a complex channel in the prior art, and has the characteristics of rapid navigation disposal, improvement of fault disposal efficiency and reduction of safety risk.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of hydrogen-powered ship technology, and in particular to a fault detection method for a hydrogen-powered ship fuel cell system. Background Technology

[0002] Inland waterway hydrogen-powered vessels rely on fuel cell systems as their core power source. However, their operation is susceptible to faults such as hydrogen leakage, fuel cell stack performance degradation, and imbalances in water and heat management. Traditional threshold alarm methods have a high false alarm rate and lack proactive navigation response mechanisms after a fault. Existing vessel fault handling largely depends on manual intervention, and response delays can lead to navigation interruptions or even safety accidents, especially in complex inland waterways where the risks are even higher. Fuel cell fault detection often relies on single sensor data for judgment, without considering the coupling relationships of multiple parameters. Fault navigation and handling systems operate in isolation from the power system, providing only basic alarms after a fault and unable to autonomously plan emergency routes or coordinate shore-based support.

[0003] In summary, a fault detection method for hydrogen-powered ship fuel cell systems needs to be designed to address the aforementioned issues. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a fault detection method for hydrogen energy ship fuel cell systems, which aims to solve the problems of existing technologies that rely on manual intervention, have high response delays, and pose significant risks in complex waterways. This method features rapid navigation and handling, improved fault handling efficiency, and reduced safety risks.

[0005] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a fault detection method for a hydrogen energy ship fuel cell system, comprising the following steps: S1, the data acquisition module collects operating data of the fuel cell system through a multi-sensor group; S2, the data analysis and processing module, performs data processing and analysis, and through the multi-level alarm module, provides real-time alarms on the fault level, location, and cause of the fuel cell system. S3 generates intelligent navigation handling methods through the intelligent navigation handling module, synchronizes the alarm interface, and guides maintenance personnel to handle the situation on-site according to the navigation process. S4 enables rapid handling of fuel cell system malfunctions through human-machine collaboration and fault reset.

[0006] Preferably, in step S1, the multi-sensor group includes a temperature sensor, a pressure sensor, a liquid level sensor, a hydrogen concentration sensor, a flame detector, a smoke detector, a fuel cell power acquisition module, and a fuel cell status monitoring unit; the fuel cell power acquisition module is used to acquire the voltage, current, and power of the fuel cell.

[0007] Preferably, the fault level classification in step S2 is specifically as follows: Level 1: Affects ship safety and operation, requiring immediate action; Level 2: Affects the operation of ship equipment; can be addressed while the ship is berthed. Level 3: Malfunction of ship auxiliary facilities; to be addressed as appropriate. Level 0: No faults.

[0008] Preferably, in step S2, the data analysis and processing module performs data processing and analysis, including: Temperature and pressure sensors are used to monitor the temperature and pressure status of equipment and media, and to trigger alarms and / or shut off the corresponding solenoid valves in case of abnormalities. The liquid level sensor is used to send an alarm signal when the water level reaches the alarm value; The hydrogen concentration sensor monitors the hydrogen concentration. When the hydrogen concentration is ≥20%LEL, a first-level alarm is triggered. When both sensors in the same compartment detect a hydrogen concentration ≥40%LEL, a second-level alarm is triggered and the compartment's shut-off valve is cut off. When a flame detector is detected, it triggers an alarm and shuts off the hydrogen supply solenoid valve and the cabin ventilation fan. When the smoke detector detects smoke, it triggers an alarm and shuts off the hydrogen supply solenoid valve.

[0009] Preferably, the intelligent navigation handling method in step S3 includes an intelligent navigation handling module, which formulates the optimal handling process for fuel cell system faults through fault statistical research, generates an intelligent navigation handling method, synchronizes the alarm interface, and guides maintenance personnel to handle the faults on-site.

[0010] Preferably, in step S2, the data analysis and processing module further includes the following for data processing and analysis: When the total output voltage of the fuel cell power generation module is lower than 187V, or the voltage of a single cell in the stack is lower than the first threshold, an alarm is triggered and the module is deloaded. When the voltage of a single cell falls below the second threshold of the first threshold, an alarm is triggered, the module is deloaded to zero and then shut down, and the hydrogen supply circuit is closed. When the voltage of a single cell falls below the third threshold of the second threshold, an alarm is triggered, causing the module to shut down directly and jump to a locked state, and the hydrogen supply circuit is cut off.

[0011] Preferably, a fault detection system for a hydrogen-powered ship fuel cell system, used to implement the aforementioned fault detection method for the hydrogen-powered ship fuel cell system, includes: The data acquisition module includes a multi-sensor group arranged on the fuel cell system and its peripheral equipment for collecting system operating data; A data analysis and processing module, which is communicatively connected to the data acquisition module, is used to process and analyze the operating data to identify fault information, wherein the fault information includes at least the fault level, location, and cause. The intelligent navigation handling module is communicatively connected to the data analysis and processing module and is used to generate an intelligent navigation handling method based on the fault information. The human-computer interaction interface is connected to the intelligent navigation handling module and is used to display the fault information and the intelligent navigation handling method.

[0012] Preferably, the fuel cell system monitored and controlled by the system includes: Hydrogen supply system, including hydrogen supply control system and high-pressure gas cylinder group; A fuel cell power generation system includes a power generation module, a control system, an air supply system, and a hydrogen supply system; A hydrothermal management device for managing the heat of the fuel cell power generation system; The electrical control system for hydrogen fuel cell power generation units includes a monitoring system and an independent safety system.

[0013] Preferably, the fuel cell system also includes peripheral equipment, including a ventilation system and a fire pump set.

[0014] Preferably, the fuel cell condition monitoring unit includes an inspection board, a main control board, and sensors within the module; the inspection board monitors the voltage of each cell in the fuel cell stack; the main controller provides the necessary operating conditions and safety protection controls for the system operation; and the sensors monitor various parameter values ​​of the fuel cell system operation.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects: 1. The method of this invention improves the operational safety of inland waterway hydrogen-powered vessels by using multi-sensor data fusion to monitor key parameters of the fuel cell system in real time, achieving high-precision fault diagnosis and avoiding false alarms or missed alarms. A fault level classification mechanism is adopted to automatically trigger corresponding measures for different levels.

[0016] 2. This method can reduce the operational burden on crew members and improve emergency response efficiency. Traditional fault transmission relies on manual judgment, while this invention automatically pushes fault handling steps to the crew terminal through human-machine collaborative decision-making, thus shortening the emergency response time. Attached Figure Description

[0017] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments: Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the intelligent navigation and fault handling process for the fuel cell system of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a functional block diagram of a fuel cell power generation system as an example. Figure 3 This is a flowchart illustrating the steps of the intelligent navigation processing interface in the embodiment. Detailed Implementation

[0018] Example 1: like Figure 1 As shown, a fault detection method for a hydrogen-powered ship fuel cell system includes the following steps: S1, the data acquisition module collects operating data of the fuel cell system through a multi-sensor group; S2, the data analysis and processing module, performs data processing and analysis, and through the multi-level alarm module, provides real-time alarms on the fault level, location, and cause of the fuel cell system. S3 generates intelligent navigation handling methods through the intelligent navigation handling module, synchronizes the alarm interface, and guides maintenance personnel to handle the situation on-site according to the navigation process. S4 enables rapid handling of fuel cell system malfunctions through human-machine collaboration and fault reset.

[0019] Preferably, in step S1, the multi-sensor group includes a temperature sensor, a pressure sensor, a liquid level sensor, a hydrogen concentration sensor, a flame detector, a smoke detector, a fuel cell power acquisition module, and a fuel cell status monitoring unit; the fuel cell power acquisition module is used to acquire the voltage, current, and power of the fuel cell.

[0020] Preferably, the fault level classification in step S2 is specifically as follows: Level 1: Affects ship safety and operation, requiring immediate action; Level 2: Affects the operation of ship equipment; can be addressed while the ship is berthed. Level 3: Malfunction of ship auxiliary facilities; to be addressed as appropriate. Level 0: No faults.

[0021] Preferably, in step S2, the data analysis and processing module performs data processing and analysis, including: Temperature and pressure sensors are used to monitor the temperature and pressure status of equipment and media, and to trigger alarms and / or shut off the corresponding solenoid valves in case of abnormalities. The liquid level sensor is used to send an alarm signal when the water level reaches the alarm value; The hydrogen concentration sensor monitors the hydrogen concentration. When the hydrogen concentration is ≥20%LEL, a first-level alarm is triggered. When both sensors in the same compartment detect a hydrogen concentration ≥40%LEL, a second-level alarm is triggered and the compartment's shut-off valve is cut off. When a flame detector is detected, it triggers an alarm and shuts off the hydrogen supply solenoid valve and the cabin ventilation fan. When the smoke detector detects smoke, it triggers an alarm and shuts off the hydrogen supply solenoid valve.

[0022] Preferably, the intelligent navigation handling method in step S3 includes an intelligent navigation handling module, which formulates the optimal handling process for fuel cell system faults through fault statistical research, generates an intelligent navigation handling method, synchronizes the alarm interface, and guides maintenance personnel to handle the faults on-site.

[0023] Preferably, in step S2, the data analysis and processing module further includes the following for data processing and analysis: When the total output voltage of the fuel cell power generation module is lower than 187V, or the voltage of a single cell in the stack is lower than the first threshold, an alarm is triggered and the module is deloaded. When the voltage of a single cell falls below the second threshold of the first threshold, an alarm is triggered, the module is deloaded to zero and then shut down, and the hydrogen supply circuit is closed. When the voltage of a single cell falls below the third threshold of the second threshold, an alarm is triggered, causing the module to shut down directly and jump to a locked state, and the hydrogen supply circuit is cut off.

[0024] Preferably, a fault detection system for a hydrogen-powered ship fuel cell system, used to implement the aforementioned fault detection method for the hydrogen-powered ship fuel cell system, includes: The data acquisition module includes a multi-sensor group arranged on the fuel cell system and its peripheral equipment for collecting system operating data; A data analysis and processing module, which is communicatively connected to the data acquisition module, is used to process and analyze the operating data to identify fault information, wherein the fault information includes at least the fault level, location, and cause. The intelligent navigation handling module is communicatively connected to the data analysis and processing module and is used to generate an intelligent navigation handling method based on the fault information. like Figure 3 As shown, the human-computer interaction interface is connected to the intelligent navigation handling module and is used to display the fault information and the intelligent navigation handling method.

[0025] Preferably, the fuel cell system monitored and controlled by the system includes: Hydrogen supply system, including hydrogen supply control system and high-pressure gas cylinder group; A fuel cell power generation system includes a power generation module, a control system, an air supply system, and a hydrogen supply system; A hydrothermal management device for managing the heat of the fuel cell power generation system; The electrical control system for hydrogen fuel cell power generation units includes a monitoring system and an independent safety system.

[0026] Preferably, the fuel cell system also includes peripheral equipment, including a ventilation system and a fire pump set.

[0027] Preferably, the fuel cell condition monitoring unit includes an inspection board, a main control board, and sensors within the module; the inspection board monitors the voltage of each cell in the fuel cell stack; the main controller provides the necessary operating conditions and safety protection controls for the system operation; and the sensors monitor various parameter values ​​of the fuel cell system operation.

[0028] Example 2: Furthermore, the hydrogen supply system is responsible for the storage, transportation, and refueling control of hydrogen. It consists of a hydrogen supply control system and a high-pressure gas cylinder assembly. The hydrogen supply system provides the required hydrogen during the operation of the fuel cell power generation device. The hydrogen supply control system consists of a hydrogen system control cabinet, a junction box, and a valve box. The inner liner of the high-pressure gas cylinder assembly is made of aluminum alloy, and the outer layer is made of high-strength carbon fiber + epoxy resin winding material.

[0029] like Figure 2 As shown, the fuel cell power generation system is an RMZA-70K series fuel cell power generation system, mainly comprising a fuel cell stack, a hydrogen supply system, an air supply system, a voltage monitoring module, and a main controller. The air supply system includes components such as an air compressor, an intercooler, and a membrane humidifier. The hydrogen system includes components such as solenoid valves, proportional valves, a hydrogen circulation pump, and a water distributor. Sensors for detecting temperature and pressure are installed at the inlet and outlet of the fuel cell stack cooling water. Specifically: the fuel cell stack converts hydrogen and oxygen from the air into electrical energy; the air compressor pressurizes the air, the intercooler cools the air, and the membrane humidifier uses water generated by the fuel cell stack to humidify the air; the proportional valve depressurizes the hydrogen, and the hydrogen circulation pump returns residual hydrogen from the fuel cell stack reaction to the stack, improving hydrogen utilization; the voltage monitoring module monitors the voltage of each cell in the fuel cell stack; and the main controller monitors the system's operating status and provides safety protection.

[0030] Furthermore, the hydrothermal management device is responsible for managing the heat of the fuel cell power generation system, ensuring that the power generation module is kept at a suitable temperature throughout the entire operation process, so as not to damage the power generation module due to excessively high temperature, nor to affect the efficiency and performance of the power generation module due to excessively low temperature.

[0031] Furthermore, the electronic control system of the fuel cell power generation device consists of a monitoring system and a safety system. The monitoring system is the core of the entire control system, enabling remote control of the hydrogen supply system and power generation system, nitrogen purging, and hydrothermal management, as well as remote operation and alarm functions. The safety system is independent of the monitoring system and is used for hydrogen concentration monitoring and flame / smoke detection in the fuel cell power generation system, enabling emergency shutdown and alarm functions, thus ensuring the safe and reliable operation of the fuel cell power generation system.

[0032] Furthermore, the temperature sensor is installed in hydrogen-related chambers, hydrogen cylinders, hydrothermal management devices, gas and liquid containers, pipelines, or inlet / outlet locations related to fuel cell power generation modules. It can collect the temperature status of the monitored equipment in real time, issue audible and visual alarm signals when abnormal temperatures occur, and simultaneously judge the temperature status of the equipment. When abnormal temperatures or signal loss occur, the corresponding solenoid valves are shut off in a timely and effective manner to ensure safety.

[0033] Furthermore, the pressure sensor is installed in the gas and liquid containers, pipelines, or inlet / outlet locations of the hydrogen-related chamber fan, hydrogen refueling equipment, hydrogen cylinders, hydrothermal management devices, and fuel cell power generation modules. It can collect the monitored refueling pressure and equipment pressure status in real time. When abnormal pressure occurs, it will issue an audible and visual alarm signal. At the same time, it will judge the pressure status and promptly and effectively shut off the corresponding solenoid valves to ensure safety when abnormal pressure or signal loss occurs.

[0034] Furthermore, the liquid level sensor is installed at the bottom of the fuel cell compartment, inside the fuel cell power generation module, and in the buffer tank of the water and heat management device. When the water level in the measured location reaches the alarm value, an alarm signal is issued, and staff should immediately take measures to go to the compartment to check, confirm, and handle the fault.

[0035] Furthermore, the hydrogen concentration sensor is installed in the fuel cell compartment, hydrogen cylinder room, valve box double-wall pipe, airlock compartment, and stern hydrogen refueling station. When the hydrogen concentration is ≥20% LEL, an alarm is triggered, the touchscreen displays the alarm information, and a buzzer sounds. If two hydrogen concentrations in the same compartment are ≥40% LEL, a high-level alarm value is triggered, the compartment's shut-off valve is closed, the touchscreen displays the alarm information, and a buzzer sounds.

[0036] Furthermore, the flame detectors are installed in the port and starboard fuel cell compartments, the hydrogen cylinder room, and the stern hydrogen refueling station. When a flame is detected, an alarm is triggered, the hydrogen supply solenoid valves of the port and starboard fuel cell power generation units are shut off, and the hydrogen supply is stopped. At the same time, the compartment ventilation fans are turned off.

[0037] Furthermore, the smoke detection includes hydrogen-related location detectors installed in the left and right fuel cell compartments, the hydrogen cylinder room, and the airlock room. When smoke is detected in the compartment, an alarm is triggered, and the hydrogen supply solenoid valves of the left and right fuel cell power generation units are shut off, stopping the hydrogen supply.

[0038] Further, the fuel cell voltage refers to the voltage value output by the fuel cell power generation module, which is between 200 and 380VDC. When the total output voltage displayed on the control panel is <187V or the voltage value output by a single cell of the fuel cell stack, which constitutes the core equipment inside the fuel cell power generation module, reaches the alarm value, the module will issue an alarm and take corresponding actions. When the single cell voltage is low voltage 1 (single voltage <450mV), the fuel cell power generation module operates at reduced load; when the single cell voltage is low voltage 2 (single voltage <320mV), the fuel cell power generation module reduces load to 0 and then shuts down, and closes the hydrogen supply circuit; when the single cell voltage is low voltage 3 (single voltage <250mV), the fuel cell power generation module directly shuts down and jumps to the locked state, and cuts off the hydrogen supply circuit.

[0039] Furthermore, the fuel cell current refers to the current value output by the fuel cell power generation module. It is generally between 0 and 400A. The output power of the fuel cell power generation module is adjusted by increasing or decreasing the output current value according to the ship's load requirements. The actual adjustable current range is set to 0-270A; at 270A, the module reaches its rated output power.

[0040] Furthermore, the power output refers to the actual output power of the fuel cell power generation module during operation, ranging from 0 to 70 kW. During fully automatic operation at economic speeds, the fuel cell system adjusts its power output in real time based on the total power demand of the ship calculated by the Energy Management System (EMS) and the current State of Charge (SOC) of the lithium battery system. At high speeds, the fuel cell and lithium battery operate in parallel, with the fuel cell system providing maximum output power and the lithium battery supplementing any excess power. The fuel cell power generation module controls the output power of each fuel cell power generation module based on the available power of the fuel cell system and the real-time load power.

[0041] Furthermore, the fuel cell condition monitoring unit includes a patrol board, a main control board, and sensors within the module. The patrol board monitors the individual cell voltage of the fuel cell stack; the main controller provides the necessary operating conditions and safety protection controls for the system's operation. The sensors monitor various parameter values ​​of the fuel cell system's operation.

[0042] Example 3: A fault alarm and intelligent navigation handling method for fuel cell systems of inland waterway hydrogen-powered ships, taking the fault of the hydrogen circulation pump in module 1 of the fuel cell system as an example, includes the following steps: Step S1: The data acquisition module collects the operating data of the hydrogen circulation pump of module 1 of the fuel cell system through pressure sensor detection technology, which is 0; Step S2: The data analysis and processing module performs data processing and analysis. The normal operating speed of the hydrogen circulation pump is 5000 r / min. When abnormal data occurs, it is judged by the multi-level alarm module. The real-time alarm indicates that the fault level of the fuel cell system is Level 1, and the location is located at module 1 on the port side. The reason is that the hydrogen circulation pump of module 1 has stopped and communication has been interrupted. Step S3: The intelligent navigation handling module displays the intelligent navigation handling method, which is to trigger the intelligent navigation handling module to automatically confirm the fault and restart the fuel cell system module 1 after 3 seconds of time relay. Step S3.1: Execute step S1. The data acquisition module collects the operating data of the hydrogen circulation pump of module 1 of the fuel cell system through pressure sensor detection technology. If the data is around 5000 r / min, proceed to step 4 to restore the fault. Step S3.2: Execute step S1, the data acquisition module collects the operating data of the hydrogen circulation pump of module 1 of the fuel cell system through pressure sensor detection technology and the data is 0. Execute step S2, the data analysis and processing module performs data processing and analysis, the alarm interface displays the fault nature as a level one fault, the location is located in module 1 on the port side, the cause is that the hydrogen circulation pump of module 1 has stopped and communication is interrupted. Step S3.3: The intelligent navigation handling module displays the navigation fault handling process on the interface for manual confirmation. Step S3.3.1: Automatically disconnect fuel cell module 1; Step S3.3.2: Disassemble the outer casing of fuel cell module 1; Step S3.3.3: Check the power input and output lines and communication connections of the hydrogen circulation pump in fuel cell module 1; Step S3.3.4: Check the hydrogen circulation pump of fuel cell module 1; Step S3.3.5: Replace any damaged equipment related to the hydrogen circulation pump in fuel cell module 1; Step S3.3.6: The data acquisition module collects the operating data of the hydrogen circulation pump of module 1 of the fuel cell system through pressure sensor detection technology. The operation is normal, and the fault process is completed. Step S4: Human and machine work together to quickly handle fuel cell system malfunctions and reset the faults, restoring the hydrogen circulation pump of fuel cell module 1 to use.

Claims

1. A fault detection method for a hydrogen-powered ship fuel cell system, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1, the data acquisition module collects operating data of the fuel cell system through a multi-sensor group; S2, the data analysis and processing module, performs data processing and analysis, and through the multi-level alarm module, provides real-time alarms on the fault level, location, and cause of the fuel cell system. S3 generates intelligent navigation handling methods through the intelligent navigation handling module, synchronizes the alarm interface, and guides maintenance personnel to handle the situation on-site according to the navigation process. S4 enables rapid handling of fuel cell system malfunctions through human-machine collaboration and fault reset.

2. The method for fault detection of a hydrogen-powered ship fuel cell system according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S1, the multi-sensor group includes a temperature sensor, a pressure sensor, a liquid level sensor, a hydrogen concentration sensor, a flame detector, a smoke detector, a fuel cell power acquisition module, and a fuel cell status monitoring unit; the fuel cell power acquisition module is used to acquire the voltage, current, and power of the fuel cell.

3. The method for fault detection of a hydrogen-powered ship fuel cell system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The fault level classification in step S2 is specifically as follows: Level 1: Affects ship safety and operation, requiring immediate action; Level 2: Affects the operation of ship equipment; can be addressed while the ship is berthed. Level 3: Malfunction of ship auxiliary facilities; to be addressed as appropriate. Level 0: No faults.

4. The method for fault detection of a hydrogen-powered ship fuel cell system according to claim 3, characterized in that, In step S2, the data analysis and processing module performs data processing and analysis, including: Temperature and pressure sensors are used to monitor the temperature and pressure status of equipment and media, and to trigger alarms and / or shut off the corresponding solenoid valves in case of abnormalities. The liquid level sensor is used to send an alarm signal when the water level reaches the alarm value; The hydrogen concentration sensor monitors the hydrogen concentration. When the hydrogen concentration is ≥20%LEL, a first-level alarm is triggered. When both sensors in the same compartment detect a hydrogen concentration ≥40%LEL, a second-level alarm is triggered and the compartment's shut-off valve is cut off. When a flame detector is detected, it triggers an alarm and shuts off the hydrogen supply solenoid valve and the cabin ventilation fan. When the smoke detector detects smoke, it triggers an alarm and shuts off the hydrogen supply solenoid valve.

5. A fault detection method for a hydrogen-powered ship fuel cell system according to claim 4, characterized in that, The intelligent navigation handling method in step S3 includes an intelligent navigation handling module, which formulates the optimal handling process for fuel cell system faults through fault statistical research, generates an intelligent navigation handling method, synchronizes the alarm interface, and guides maintenance personnel to handle the faults on-site.

6. The method for fault detection of a hydrogen-powered ship fuel cell system according to claim 5, characterized in that, In step S2, the data analysis and processing module further includes the following data processing and analysis: When the total output voltage of the fuel cell power generation module is lower than 187V, or the voltage of a single cell in the stack is lower than the first threshold, an alarm is triggered and the module is deloaded. When the voltage of a single cell falls below the second threshold of the first threshold, an alarm is triggered, the module is deloaded to zero and then shut down, and the hydrogen supply circuit is closed. When the voltage of a single cell falls below the third threshold of the second threshold, an alarm is triggered, causing the module to shut down directly and jump to a locked state, and the hydrogen supply circuit is cut off.

7. A fault detection system for a hydrogen-powered ship fuel cell system, used to implement the fault detection method for a hydrogen-powered ship fuel cell system as described in any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, include: The data acquisition module includes a multi-sensor group arranged on the fuel cell system and its peripheral equipment for collecting system operating data; A data analysis and processing module, which is communicatively connected to the data acquisition module, is used to process and analyze the operating data to identify fault information, wherein the fault information includes at least the fault level, location, and cause. The intelligent navigation handling module is communicatively connected to the data analysis and processing module and is used to generate an intelligent navigation handling method based on the fault information. The human-computer interaction interface is connected to the intelligent navigation handling module and is used to display the fault information and the intelligent navigation handling method.

8. The fault detection system for a hydrogen-powered ship fuel cell system according to claim 7, characterized in that: The fuel cell system monitored and controlled by the system includes: Hydrogen supply system, including hydrogen supply control system and high-pressure gas cylinder group; A fuel cell power generation system includes a power generation module, a control system, an air supply system, and a hydrogen supply system; A hydrothermal management device for managing the heat of the fuel cell power generation system; The electrical control system for hydrogen fuel cell power generation units includes a monitoring system and an independent safety system.

9. A fault detection system for a hydrogen-powered ship fuel cell system according to claim 8, characterized in that: The fuel cell system also includes peripheral equipment, such as a ventilation system and a fire pump set.

10. A fault detection system for a hydrogen-powered ship fuel cell system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The fuel cell condition monitoring unit includes an inspection board, a main control board, and sensors within the module; the inspection board monitors the voltage of each cell in the fuel cell stack; the main controller provides the necessary operating conditions and safety protection controls for the system; and the sensors monitor various parameter values ​​of the fuel cell system operation.

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