Reduced intrinsic time circuit breaker system: fault protection

Abstract

The invention relates to a circuit breaker system comprising:-a solar cell (10); a circuit breaker (30); -at least one energy storage unit (60); and-an electromechanical actuator (70); wherein the circuit breaker is configured to operate within a low, medium, or high voltage switchgear; the electromechanical actuator is configured to activate the circuit breaker when driven; the circuit breaker, when activated, is configured to stop current flow within at least a portion of the low-voltage, medium-voltage, or high-voltage switchgear; one or more of the at least one energy storage unit, when activated, is configured to release energy to drive the electromechanical actuator to activate the circuit breaker, shortening the inherent time to achieve a fault current interruption; the solar cell is configured to be located in a compartment of the low-voltage, medium-voltage or high-voltage switchgear; the solar cell is configured to activate the at least one energy storage unit as a result of radiation from an arc fault of the switching device being incident on the solar cell.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present invention relates to a circuit breaker system for low, medium or high voltage installations. BACKGROUND

[0002] In conventional power systems, the design of low, medium and / or high voltage switching installations uses an internal arc suppression system that opens the faulty circuit in case an arc fault is observed. The opening of the circuit is achieved by operating a circuit breaker that is triggered by some monitoring device that analyses defined variables.

[0003] For applications where the occurrence of internal arc faults is very severe and needs to be mitigated quickly, the process of the circuit breaker opening the circuit can be too slow, therefore additional equipment / systems can be used that provide a fast earthing connection of all phases before the circuit breaker opens. These additional equipment / systems are called active internal arc suppression systems.

[0004] Based on the measurement and / or detection of arc related phenomena, the triggering of the circuit breaker itself is provided from other parts of the protection system, thus opening the faulty circuit. Figure 1 A list of components of arc extinction systems used today is provided, which components constitute the faulty circuit opening system or arc extinction system. The system has a sensing part that can sense arc light, arc current, arc overvoltage and arc temperature directly or indirectly, an electronic unit that evaluates the sensed quantities and provides the trip / drop-out command, which unit itself can be monitored, and a switching element that provides the fast interruption and / or opening.

[0005] The total duration of such internal arc fault clearing system depends on the response / activation time of all its components. The following equation provides the calculation of the total arc fault clearing time:

[0006] Time (sensing) + Time (evaluation & trigger command) + Time (switching) = Total arc fault clearing time

[0007] Where:

[0008] # Time (sensing) is the time required for the sensing system to activate itself and / or to generate the corresponding output signal.

[0009] # Time (evaluation & trigger command) is the time required for the control system to analyse the output signal from the sensing device and to provide the trigger operation command for the interruption element.

[0010] # Time (switching) is the duration of the opening or earthing process enabled by the circuit / actuator.

[0011] Some active arc suppression systems use an intermediate fast grounding component to quickly connect the faulted circuit to ground to reduce the arc impact. However, this fast grounding is followed by a disconnection of the faulted circuit from the power supply, mainly provided by tripping an upstream circuit breaker.

[0012] An internal arc fault leads to:

[0013] - large currents flowing through the switching device (overcurrent)

[0014] - arc burning inside the switching device (light)

[0015] - rapid temperature rise (material burning)

[0016] - rapid overpressure (release of hot gases / particles)

[0017] Therefore, the triggering device usually monitors or detects some of these quantities in order to identify an arc fault early.

[0018] Currently, the following arc flash sensors or combinations thereof are commonly used:

[0019] # Overcurrent sensor: usually a standard current sensing device (conventional current transformer or low power current transformer) to detect overcurrent situations exceeding / reaching a certain threshold. It is usually connected to a protection relay.

[0020] # Light sensor: optical sensor that detects "abnormal" light inside the switching device. These sensors use an additional evaluation unit that can process the light signal and generate a trigger signal when above a threshold. These optical sensors are usually used in combination with current sensors to avoid unwanted tripping by other light sources.

[0021] # Pressure sensor: pressure sensor to detect the pressure increase caused by an arc fault. The pressure sensor can be integrated in or connected to the switching device wall.

[0022] # Mechanical sensor: the overpressure generated by an arc fault can cause some deformation or movement of the switching device's dedicated components, which can be used as a trip signal. These sensors can directly create a trigger, but other solutions that use the deformation to activate a contact can also be used.

[0023] # Temperature sensor: the response of temperature sensors is usually slower, so they are not usually used in active arc suppression systems, but rather for performance monitoring of the switching device.

[0024] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the common solution based on current and light sensing currently used is shown. The current and light sensors provide signals to the arc flash relay that controls the circuit breaker and the fast grounding device.

[0025] However, the evaluation / electronic units currently used lead to a considerable delay in the decision logic for triggering the arc extinguishing device. One example can be the conversion of the optical signal into an electrical signal. Furthermore, the more complex the system, the higher the associated costs.

[0026] Simpler systems use, for example, mechanical switches that sense the deformation of the switchgear housing or exhaust chamber (gas duct) and are directly connected to the triggering circuit of the circuit breaker. Such known solutions are shown in Figure 3 , in which the mechanical sensor / switch is directly connected to the circuit breaker via an external power supply.

[0027] The disadvantage of this solution is that the mechanical sensor only reacts when a considerable overvoltage has already occurred, causing the deformation of the switchgear housing or its interior. In addition, an external power supply or an internal energy storage device is required to activate / trigger the electromechanical triggering mechanism of the circuit breaker.

[0028] A standard circuit breaker CB is shown in Figure 4 . In addition to the time associated with the triggering circuit, the majority of the time required for the disconnection circuit is taken up by the circuit breaker mechanism itself (so-called "circuit breaker mechanism intrinsic time"). The basic parts of a standard circuit breaker are shown in Figure 4 . An actuator operates one or more vacuum circuit breakers via one or more push rods and one or more link mechanisms. In the case of spring-type CBs, the standard time for closing such CBs is given by the strength of the opening spring, all the masses (inertias) that need to start moving, and the duration of the triggering circuit for unlocking the locking mechanism. If an electromechanical drive is chosen, a similar but slightly shorter opening time is given, but still in the time range of about 10 ms (milliseconds).

[0029] Therefore, there is a need to solve the above-mentioned problems and to find a simple solution that does not further delay the decision process and shortens the actuation time, thus providing the total time of the entire device.

[0030] It is necessary to solve this problem. SUMMARY

[0031] Therefore, it is advantageous to provide an improved circuit breaker system in low-voltage, medium-voltage and high-voltage switchgear.

[0032] The object of the present invention is solved by the subject matter of the independent claims, wherein further embodiments are incorporated in the dependent claims.

[0033] In one aspect, a circuit breaker system is provided, comprising:

[0034] - a solar cell;

[0035] - a circuit breaker;

[0036] - at least one energy storage unit; and

[0037] - an electromechanical actuator.

[0038] The circuit breaker is configured to operate within a low-, medium- or high-voltage switchgear. The electromechanical actuator, when actuated, is configured to activate / initiate the circuit breaker. The circuit breaker, when activated, is configured to stop the flow of current within at least a portion of the low-, medium- or high-voltage switchgear. One or more of the at least one energy storage unit, when activated, is configured to release energy to actuate the electromechanical actuator to activate the circuit breaker. The solar cell is configured to be located within a compartment of the low-, medium- or high-voltage switchgear. The solar cell is configured to activate the at least one energy storage unit due to radiation from an arc fault of the switchgear being incident on the solar cell.

[0039] One or more of the at least one energy storage unit, when activated, is configured to release energy to actuate the electromechanical actuator to activate the circuit breaker in a manner that achieves a reduction in the inherent time of fault current interruption.

[0040] In one example, the solar cell is configured to generate a current and / or voltage that exceeds / reaches a threshold current and / or voltage level due to radiation from an arc fault of the switchgear being incident on the solar cell to activate the at least one energy storage unit.

[0041] In one example, the circuit breaker system comprises:

[0042] - a lock system.

[0043] The lock system, when locked, is configured to render the electromechanical actuator inoperable to activate the circuit breaker. The lock system, when unlocked, is configured to enable the electromechanical actuator to be actuated to activate the circuit breaker. One or more of the at least one energy storage unit, when activated, is configured to release energy to unlock the lock system.

[0044] In one example, the solar cell is directly connected to the one or more energy storage units.

[0045] In one example, the circuit breaker system comprises a merging unit (electronic device). The merging unit is located within or associated with or matched to the circuit breaker. The solar cell is directly connected to the merging unit. The merging unit is configured such that, when activated, the merging unit is configured to activate the at least one energy storage unit. The solar cell is configured to activate the at least one energy storage unit due to radiation from an arc fault of the switchgear being incident on the solar cell.

[0046] In one example, the merging unit comprises a signal adapting unit. The solar cells are configured to generate a signal due to radiation from an arc fault of the switchgear incident on the solar cells. The signal adapting unit is configured to adapt the signal from the solar cells into a signal suitable for activating the at least one energy storage unit.

[0047] In one example, the circuit breaker system comprises an arc suppression device. The arc suppression device is configured to be mounted to the low-, medium- or high-voltage switchgear. The arc suppression device, when activated, is configured to stop or limit the current flow within at least a portion of the low-, medium- or high-voltage switchgear. Another energy storage unit of the at least one energy storage unit, when activated, is configured to release energy to activate the arc suppression device.

[0048] In one example, the signal adapting unit is configured to adapt the signal from the solar cells into a signal suitable for activating the other energy storage unit.

[0049] In one example, the at least one energy storage unit comprises one or more of a micro gas generator or a pressurized gas container or one or more springs or Thomsen drivers, enabling a fast opening of the circuit breaker to reduce the time between the triggering signal and the fault current interruption.

[0050] In one aspect, there is provided a circuit breaker system, comprising:

[0051] - a plurality of solar cells;

[0052] - a circuit breaker;

[0053] - at least one energy storage unit; and

[0054] - an electromechanical actuator.

[0055] The circuit breaker is configured to operate within the low-, medium- or high-voltage switchgear. The electromechanical actuator, when driven, is configured to activate the circuit breaker. The circuit breaker, when activated, is configured to stop the current flow within at least a portion of the low-, medium- or high-voltage switchgear. One or more energy storage units of the at least one energy storage unit, when activated, is configured to release energy to drive the electromechanical actuator to activate the circuit breaker. The plurality of solar cells is configured to be located within at least one compartment of the low-, medium- or high-voltage switchgear. Each solar cell is configured to activate the at least one energy storage unit due to radiation from an arc fault of the switchgear incident on the solar cell.

[0056] One or more energy storage units of the at least one energy storage unit, when activated, is configured to release energy to drive the electromechanical actuator to activate the circuit breaker in a manner that shortens the inherent time to achieve the fault current interruption.

[0057] In one example, a circuit breaker system includes:

[0058] - a lock system.

[0059] The lock system, when locked, is configured such that the electromechanical actuator cannot be driven to activate the circuit breaker. The lock system, when unlocked, is configured such that the electromechanical actuator can be driven to activate the circuit breaker. One or more of the at least one energy storage unit, when activated, is configured to release energy to unlock the lock system.

[0060] In one example, a circuit breaker system includes a merging unit. The merging unit is located within or associated with or matched to the circuit breaker. Each solar cell is directly connected to the merging unit. The merging unit is configured such that, when activated, the merging unit is configured to activate the at least one energy storage unit. Each solar cell is configured to activate the at least one energy storage unit due to radiant energy from an arc fault of the switchgear incident on the solar cell.

[0061] In one aspect, a circuit breaker system is provided, comprising:

[0062] - a plurality of solar cells;

[0063] - a circuit breaker;

[0064] - at least one energy storage unit; and

[0065] - an electromechanical actuator.

[0066] The circuit breaker is configured to operate within a low voltage, medium voltage, or high voltage switchgear. The electromechanical actuator, when driven, is configured to activate the circuit breaker. The circuit breaker, when activated, is configured to stop current flow within at least a portion of the low voltage, medium voltage, or high voltage switchgear. One or more of the at least one energy storage unit, when activated, is configured to release energy to drive the electromechanical actuator to activate the circuit breaker. The plurality of solar cells is configured to be located within at least one compartment of the low voltage, medium voltage, or high voltage switchgear. Two or more of the plurality of solar cells are configured to activate the at least one energy storage unit due to radiant energy from an arc fault of the switchgear incident on the solar cell.

[0067] One or more of the at least one energy storage unit, when activated, is configured to release energy to drive the electromechanical actuator to activate the circuit breaker in a manner that achieves a reduction in the inherent time of a fault current interruption.

[0068] In one example, a circuit breaker system includes:

[0069] - a lock system.

[0070] The lock system, when locked, is configured such that the electromechanical actuator cannot be driven to activate the circuit breaker. The lock system, when unlocked, is configured such that the electromechanical actuator can be driven to activate the circuit breaker. One or more of the at least one energy storage unit, when activated, is configured to release energy to cause the lock system to unlock.

[0071] In one example, the circuit breaker system includes a merging unit. The merging unit is located within or associated with or matched to the circuit breaker. Each solar cell is directly connected to the merging unit. The merging unit is configured such that, when activated, the merging unit is configured to activate the at least one energy storage unit. Two or more of the plurality of solar cells are configured to activate the at least one energy storage unit due to radiant energy from an arc fault of the switching device incident on the solar cells.

[0072] The above aspects and examples will become apparent and elucidated from the embodiments described hereinafter. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0073] The exemplary embodiments will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings:

[0074] Figure 1 An example of the general components required for a known fault circuit interruption system is shown;

[0075] Figure 2 An example of a known active arc protection system based on current and light sensing is shown;

[0076] Figure 3 An example of a known passive arc protection system based on overvoltage sensing is shown;

[0077] Figure 4 Basic elements of a conventional spring driven circuit breaker mechanism are shown;

[0078] Figure 5 An example of a new circuit breaker system is shown;

[0079] Figure 6 An example of a new circuit breaker system is shown;

[0080] Figure 7 An example of a new circuit breaker system is shown;

[0081] Figure 8 An example of a new circuit breaker system is shown;

[0082] Figure 9 An example of a new circuit breaker system is shown;

[0083] Figure 10a And Figure 10b An example of a new circuit breaker system is shown;

[0084] Figure 11 Examples of new circuit breaker systems are shown;

[0085] Figure 12 Examples of new circuit breaker systems are shown;

[0086] Figure 13 Examples of new circuit breaker systems are shown;

[0087] Figure 14 Examples of new circuit breaker systems are shown; and

[0088] Figure 15 Examples of new circuit breaker systems are shown. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0089] Figures 5-15 The present disclosure relates to new circuit breaker systems for low, medium or high voltage switchgear.

[0090] In one example, a circuit breaker system includes a solar cell 10, a circuit breaker 30, at least one energy storage unit 60, and an electromechanical actuator 70. The circuit breaker is configured to operate within a low, medium or high voltage switchgear. The electromechanical actuator, when actuated, is configured to activate the circuit breaker. The circuit breaker, when activated, is configured to stop the flow of current within at least a portion of the low, medium or high voltage switchgear. One or more of the at least one energy storage unit, when activated, is configured to release energy to actuate the electromechanical actuator to activate the circuit breaker. The solar cell is configured to be located within a compartment of the low, medium or high voltage switchgear. The solar cell is configured to activate the at least one energy storage unit due to radiation from an arc fault of the switchgear being incident on the solar cell.

[0091] One or more of the at least one energy storage unit, when activated, is configured to release energy to actuate the electromechanical actuator to activate the circuit breaker in a manner that achieves a reduction in the inherent time of a fault current interruption.

[0092] According to one example, the solar cell is configured to generate a current and / or voltage 20 that exceeds a threshold current and / or voltage level due to radiation from an arc fault of the switchgear being incident on the solar cell to activate the at least one energy storage unit.

[0093] In one example, the solar cell is configured such that radiation below a threshold intensity level incident on the solar cell is not sufficient to activate the at least one energy storage unit.

[0094] Figure 5 、 Figure 7 、 Figure 9 、 Figure 12 、 Figure 13 、Figure 14 and Figure 15 An example of such a circuit breaker system is shown. It should be noted that 60 represents one or more energy storage units.

[0095] According to one example, the circuit breaker system comprises:

[0096] - a lock system 80.

[0097] The lock system, when locked, is configured such that the electromechanical actuator cannot be driven to activate the circuit breaker. The lock system, when unlocked, is configured such that the electromechanical actuator can be driven to activate the circuit breaker. One or more of the at least one energy storage unit, when activated, is configured to release energy to unlock the lock system.

[0098] Figure 7 , Figure 9 , Figure 13 and Figure 15 An example of such a circuit breaker system is shown. It should be noted that 60 represents one or more energy storage units.

[0099] In one example, one or more of the at least one energy storage unit, when activated, is configured to release energy to unlock the lock system, is the same as one or more of the at least one energy storage unit, when activated, is configured to release energy to drive the electromechanical actuator to activate the circuit breaker.

[0100] In one example, one or more of the at least one energy storage unit, when activated, is configured to release energy to unlock the lock system, is different from one or more of the at least one energy storage unit, when activated, is configured to release energy to drive the electromechanical actuator to activate the circuit breaker.

[0101] According to one example, the solar cell is directly connected to the one or more energy storage units.

[0102] Figure 5 , Figure 7 , Figure 12 and Figure 13 An example of such a circuit breaker system is shown. It should be noted that 60 represents one or more energy storage units.

[0103] According to one example, the circuit breaker system comprises a merging unit 40. The merging unit is located within or associated with or matched to the circuit breaker. The solar cell is directly connected to the merging unit. The merging unit is configured such that, when activated, the merging unit is configured to activate the at least one energy storage unit. The solar cell is configured to activate the at least one energy storage unit due to radiation from an arc fault of the switching device incident on the solar cell.

[0104] Thus, the solar cell senses the arc light and provides "self-powered" energy. The merging unit - also referred to as a merging and triggering unit - collects the energy output of the solar cell and adapts the signal to one or more energy storage units to activate the one or more energy storage units and provides monitoring and management of the solar cell. Then, the circuit breaker provides the function of interrupting and disconnecting the faulty circuit.

[0105] According to one example, the merging unit comprises a signal adapting unit. The solar cell is configured to generate a signal due to radiation from an arc fault of the switching device incident on the solar cell. The signal adapting unit is configured to adapt the signal from the solar cell to a signal suitable for activating the at least one energy storage unit.

[0106] Figure 8 、 Figure 9 、 Figure 14 and Figure 15 An example of such a circuit breaker system is shown. It should be noted that 60 denotes one or more energy storage units.

[0107] According to one example, the circuit breaker system comprises an arc suppression device 50. The arc suppression device is configured to be mounted to the low-, medium- or high-voltage switching device. The arc suppression device, when activated, is configured to stop or limit the current flow within at least a portion of the low-, medium- or high-voltage switching device. Another one of the at least one energy storage unit, when activated, is configured to release energy to activate the arc suppression device.

[0108] Figure 12 、 Figure 13 、 Figure 14 and Figure 15 An example of such a circuit breaker system is shown. It should be noted that 60 denotes one or more energy storage units. In addition, the circuit breaker provides the function of interrupting and disconnecting the faulty circuit. The arc suppression device - also referred to as a fast ground switch - provides an intermediate ground.

[0109] According to one example, the signal adapting unit is configured to adapt the signal from the solar cell to a signal suitable for activating the other energy storage unit.

[0110] Thus, the merging unit collects the energy output of the solar cell and adapts the signal to the one or more energy storage units to activate the one or more energy storage units to drive the circuit breaker and to activate the arc suppression device, which can provide intermediate protection before the circuit breaker operates.

[0111] Figure 14 and Figure 15One example of such a circuit breaker system is shown. It should be noted that 60 represents one or more energy storage units.

[0112] According to one example, the at least one energy storage unit comprises one or more of a micro gas generator or a pressurized gas container or one or more springs or a Thomson driver, enabling a fast opening / tripping of the circuit breaker to reduce the time between the triggering signal and the fault current interruption.

[0113] In one example, the arc suppression device, when activated, is configured to establish a connection between a part of the switching device and ground potential.

[0114] In one example, the arc suppression device, when activated, is configured to establish a connection between two phases of the switching device.

[0115] In one example, the arc suppression device is an ultra-fast ground switch "UFES".

[0116] In one example, the circuit breaker system comprises a plurality of solar cells 10, a circuit breaker 30, at least one energy storage unit 60, and an electromechanical actuator 70. The circuit breaker is configured to operate within a low-, medium- or high-voltage switching device. The electromechanical actuator, when actuated, is configured to activate the circuit breaker. The circuit breaker, when activated, is configured to stop the flow of current within at least a part of the low-, medium- or high-voltage switching device. One or more energy storage devices in the at least one energy storage unit, when activated, are configured to release energy to actuate the electromechanical actuator to activate the circuit breaker. The plurality of solar cells are configured to be located within at least one compartment of the low-, medium- or high-voltage switching device. Each solar cell is configured to activate the at least one energy storage unit due to radiation from an arc fault of the switching device being incident on the solar cell.

[0117] One or more energy storage units in the at least one energy storage unit, when activated, are configured to release energy to actuate the electromechanical actuator to activate the circuit breaker in a manner that achieves a reduction in the inherent time of the fault current interruption.

[0118] In one example, each solar cell is configured to generate a current and / or voltage 20 that exceeds a threshold current and / or voltage level due to radiation from an arc fault of the switching device being incident on the solar cell to activate the at least one energy storage unit.

[0119] In one example, each solar cell is configured such that radiation incident on the solar cell below a threshold intensity level is not sufficient to cause the at least one energy storage unit to activate.

[0120] Figure 5 、 Figure 7 、 Figure 9 、 Figure 12 、Figure 13 , Figure 14 and Figure 15 An example of such a circuit breaker system is shown, wherein a plurality of solar cells are indicated with 10. It is noted that 60 indicates one or more energy storage units.

[0121] According to one example, the circuit breaker system comprises:

[0122] - a lock system 80.

[0123] The lock system, when locked, is configured such that the electromechanical actuator cannot be driven to activate the circuit breaker. The lock system, when unlocked, is configured such that the electromechanical actuator can be driven to activate the circuit breaker. One or more of the at least one energy storage unit, when activated, is configured to release energy to cause the lock system to unlock.

[0124] Figure 7 , Figure 9 , Figure 13 and Figure 15 An example of such a circuit breaker system is shown, wherein a plurality of solar cells are indicated with 10. It is noted that 60 indicates one or more energy storage units.

[0125] In one example, one or more of the at least one energy storage unit, when activated, is configured to release energy to cause the lock system to unlock, is the same as one or more of the at least one energy storage unit, when activated, is configured to release energy to drive the electromechanical actuator to activate the circuit breaker.

[0126] In one example, one or more of the at least one energy storage unit, when activated, is configured to release energy to cause the lock system to unlock, is different from one or more of the at least one energy storage unit, when activated, is configured to release energy to drive the electromechanical actuator to activate the circuit breaker.

[0127] In one example, each solar cell is directly connected to one or more energy storage units.

[0128] Figure 5 , Figure 7 , Figure 12 and Figure 13 An example of such a circuit breaker system is shown, wherein a plurality of solar cells are indicated with 10. It is noted that 60 indicates one or more energy storage units.

[0129] According to one example, the circuit breaker system comprises a merging unit 40. The merging unit is located within or associated or matched with the circuit breaker. Each solar cell is directly connected to the merging unit. The merging unit is configured such that, when activated, the merging unit is configured to activate at least one energy storage unit. Each solar cell is configured to activate at least one energy storage unit due to radiation from an arc fault of the switching device incident on the solar cell.

[0130] Thus, the solar cells sense the arc light and provide "self-powered" energy. The merging unit, also referred to as a merging and triggering unit, collects the energy output of each solar cell and, based on the first signal received, adapts the signal to one or more energy storage units to activate the one or more energy storage units and provides monitoring and management of the solar cells. In addition, the circuit breaker provides the function of interrupting and disconnecting the faulty circuit.

[0131] In one example, the merging unit comprises a signal adapting unit. Each solar cell is configured to generate a signal due to radiation from an arc fault of the switching device incident on the solar cell. The signal adapting unit is configured to adapt the signal from the solar cell into a signal suitable for activating at least one energy storage unit.

[0132] Figure 8 , Figure 9 , Figure 14 and Figure 15 An example of such a circuit breaker system is shown, wherein a plurality of solar cells are indicated with 10. It is noted that 60 indicates one or more energy storage units.

[0133] In one example, the circuit breaker system comprises an arc suppression device 50. The arc suppression device is configured to be mounted to a low-, medium- or high-voltage switching device. The arc suppression device, when activated, is configured to stop or limit the current flow within at least a portion of the low-, medium- or high-voltage switching device. Another one of the at least one energy storage unit, when activated, is configured to release energy to activate the arc suppression device.

[0134] Figure 12 , Figure 13 , Figure 14 and Figure 15 An example of such a circuit breaker system is shown, wherein a plurality of solar cells are indicated with 10. It is noted that 60 indicates one or more energy storage units. In addition, the circuit breaker provides the function of interrupting and disconnecting the faulty circuit. The arc suppression device, also referred to as a fast ground switch, provides an intermediate ground.

[0135] In one example, the signal adapting unit is configured to adapt the signal from each solar cell into a signal suitable for activating another one of the energy storage units.

[0136] Figure 14 and Figure 15 An example of such a circuit breaker system is shown, wherein a plurality of solar cells are indicated with 10. It should be noted that 60 indicates one or more energy storage units.

[0137] In one example, the at least one energy storage unit comprises one or more of a micro gas generator or a pressurized gas container or one or more springs or a Thomson driver, enabling a fast opening / tripping of the circuit breaker to reduce the time between the trigger signal and the fault current interruption.

[0138] In one example, the arc suppression device, when activated, is configured to establish a connection between a part of the switching device and ground potential.

[0139] In one example, the arc suppression device, when activated, is configured to establish a connection between two phases of the switching device.

[0140] In one example, the arc suppression device is an ultra-fast earth switch “UFES”.

[0141] In one example, the circuit breaker system comprises a plurality of solar cells 10, a circuit breaker 30, at least one energy storage unit 60, and an electromechanical actuator 70. The circuit breaker is configured to operate within a low-, medium- or high-voltage switching device. The electromechanical actuator, when driven, is configured to activate the circuit breaker. The circuit breaker, when activated, is configured to stop the flow of current within at least a part of the low-, medium- or high-voltage switching device. One or more of the at least one energy storage unit, when activated, is configured to release energy to drive the electromechanical actuator to activate the circuit breaker. The plurality of solar cells is configured to be located within at least one compartment of the low-, medium- or high-voltage switching device. Two or more of the plurality of solar cells are configured to activate the at least one energy storage unit due to radiation from an arc fault of the switching device being incident on the solar cells.

[0142] One or more of the at least one energy storage unit, when activated, is configured to release energy to drive the electromechanical actuator to activate the circuit breaker in a manner that inherently shortens the time to fault current interruption.

[0143] In one example, each solar cell is configured to generate a current and / or voltage 20 that exceeds a threshold current and / or voltage level due to radiation from an arc fault of the switching device being incident on the solar cell to activate the at least one energy storage unit.

[0144] In one example, each solar cell is configured such that radiation below a threshold intensity level incident on the solar cell is not sufficient to cause the at least one energy storage unit to activate.

[0145] Figure 5 、 Figure 7 、 Figure 9 、 Figure 12 、 Figure 13 、 Figure 14 and Figure 15 shows an example of such a circuit breaker system, wherein a plurality of solar cells is indicated with 10. It should be noted that 60 indicates one or more energy storage units.

[0146] According to one example, the circuit breaker system comprises:

[0147] - a lock system 80.

[0148] The lock system, when locked, is configured such that the electromechanical actuator cannot be driven to activate the circuit breaker. The lock system, when unlocked, is configured such that the electromechanical actuator can be driven to activate the circuit breaker. One or more of the at least one energy storage unit, when activated, is configured to release energy to cause the lock system to unlock.

[0149] Figure 7 、 Figure 9 、 Figure 13 and Figure 15 shows an example of such a circuit breaker system, wherein a plurality of solar cells is indicated with 10. It should be noted that 60 indicates one or more energy storage units.

[0150] In one example, one or more of the at least one energy storage unit, when activated, is configured to release energy to cause the lock system to unlock, is the same as one or more of the at least one energy storage unit, when activated, is configured to release energy to drive the electromechanical actuator to activate the circuit breaker.

[0151] In one example, one or more of the at least one energy storage unit, when activated, is configured to release energy to cause the lock system to unlock, is different from one or more of the at least one energy storage unit, when activated, is configured to release energy to drive the electromechanical actuator to activate the circuit breaker.

[0152] In one example, each solar cell is directly connected to one or more energy storage units.

[0153] Figure 5 、 Figure 7 、 Figure 12 and Figure 13 shows an example of such a circuit breaker system, wherein a plurality of solar cells is indicated with 10. It should be noted that 60 indicates one or more energy storage units.

[0154] According to one example, the circuit breaker system comprises a merging unit 40. The merging unit is located within or associated or matched with the circuit breaker. Each solar cell is directly connected to the merging unit. The merging unit is configured such that, when activated, the merging unit is configured to activate at least one energy storage unit. Two or more of the plurality of solar cells are configured to activate the at least one energy storage unit due to radiation from an arc fault of the switching device incident on the solar cells.

[0155] Thus, the solar cells sense the arc light and provide "self-powered" energy. The merging unit, also referred to as a merging and triggering unit, collects the energy output of each solar cell. Then, the merging unit evaluates more than one signal from the solar cells, each signal can be below the threshold that would have independently caused a downstream activation to drive the circuit breaker, but each signal can be high enough to determine that the circuit breaker should operate. For example, there has been a problem that was not a serious problem at the time, but a critical problem can have occurred at the next point in time, and now a decision is made to drive the circuit breaker to shut off the current flow based on the signals from the plurality of solar cells. In addition, the merging unit provides an adapted signal to one or more energy storage units to activate the one or more energy storage units and provides monitoring and management of the solar cells. In addition, the circuit breaker provides the function of interrupting and disconnecting the faulty circuit.

[0156] In one example, the merging unit comprises a signal adapting unit. Each solar cell is configured to generate a signal due to radiation from an arc fault of the switching device incident on the solar cell. The signal adapting unit is configured to adapt the signals from two or more of the plurality of solar cells into a signal adapted to activate the at least one energy storage unit.

[0157] Figure 8 , Figure 9 , Figure 14 and Figure 15 An example of such a circuit breaker system is shown, wherein the plurality of solar cells is indicated with 10. It should be noted that 60 indicates the one or more energy storage units.

[0158] In one example, the circuit breaker system comprises an arc suppression device 50. The arc suppression device is configured to be mounted to a low-, medium- or high-voltage switching device. The arc suppression device, when activated, is configured to stop or limit the current flow within at least a portion of the low-, medium- or high-voltage switching device. Another one of the at least one energy storage unit, when activated, is configured to release energy to activate the arc suppression device.

[0159] Figure 12 , Figure 13 , Figure 14 and Figure 15An example of such a circuit breaker system is shown, wherein a plurality of solar cells is indicated with 10. It is noted that 60 indicates one or more energy storage units. The circuit breaker then provides the function of interrupting and disconnecting the faulty circuit. The arc suppression device - also known as a fast ground switch - provides the intermediate grounding.

[0160] In one example, the signal adaptation unit is configured to adapt the signal from two or more of the plurality of solar cells into a signal suitable for activating another energy storage unit.

[0161] Figure 14 and Figure 15 An example of such a circuit breaker system is shown, wherein a plurality of solar cells is indicated with 10. It is noted that 60 indicates one or more energy storage units.

[0162] In one example, the at least one energy storage unit comprises one or more of a micro gas generator or one or more springs or Thomson drives in a pressurized gas container, enabling a fast opening / tripping of the circuit breaker to reduce the time between the triggering signal and the interruption of the fault current.

[0163] In one example, the arc suppression device, when activated, is configured to establish a connection between a part of the switching device and ground potential.

[0164] In one example, the arc suppression device, when activated, is configured to establish a connection between two phases of the switching device.

[0165] In one example, the arc suppression device is an ultra-fast ground switch "UFES".

[0166] The circuit breaker system will now be described in particular detail with reference to a detailed example, wherein again reference is made to Figures 5-15 .

[0167] As Figure 5 is shown, one or more solar cells 10 (providing energy for self-powering by internal arc) are directly connected to one or more energy storage units (60) which drive the electromechanical actuator 70 or at least one or more parts of the actuator 70, which in turn activates the rest of the circuit breaker 30. Thus, the opening speed of the circuit breaker is significantly accelerated during an arc fault event.

[0168] The solar cells sense the light of the arc, and thus can be very fast. At least part of the energy required for the fast opening circuit breaker 30 is provided by the mechanical parts of the micro gas generator (MGG - chemical load) 60 (which is integrated within the circuit breaker body) which is directly triggered by the power from the relay or one or more solar cells 10, see Figure 6 .

[0169] Thus, the new technology uses a micro gas generator and / or a release electromagnetic lock 60 to release the spring energy, which when activated by the solar cell 10, pushes the linkage mechanism of the electromechanical actuator 70 to actuate the vacuum interrupter / vacuum circuit breaker (CB) 30 in a very short reaction time. The solar cell 10 senses the light of the internal arc, thus can be very fast without creating an arc too much. The clearing time will be very short if directly connected to the micro gas generator or release electromagnetic lock to release the spring energy that starts to push the linkage mechanism of the CB.

[0170] One advantage is that a faster sensing is provided without involving other components, providing a fully passive / active and analog solution (without the need of an external power supply) and directly triggering the linkage mechanism of the electromechanical actuator inside the CB (without the need to wait for its own actuation mechanism to react). Thus, the CB is using a similar way as today to open a faulty circuit, but instead of using multiple sensing devices (e.g. current sensor, light sensor) and evaluation units (light sensor relay) and generating a trip signal (e.g. protection relay) to at least one CB, it is advantageously directly using the solar cell. This technology significantly reduces the arc detection and triggering time.

[0171] As shown in Figure 9 , the micro gas generator 60 can be triggered by the solar cell to drive the electromechanical actuator 70 to activate the CB, while the micro gas generator or another micro gas generator can also be triggered by the solar cell to release or unlock the lock mechanism 80 of the electromechanical actuator 70, so that it can be driven. This can be achieved by a pressure gas driven gas generator by releasing an additionally installed spring (which has been preloaded and in this case can be released) or by a Thomson driver with a preloaded capacitor.

[0172] More complex embodiments of this system can also include other parts, such as a merging unit, see Figure 9 .

[0173] The system can have one or more features, such as:

[0174] - Signal adaptation from at least one solar cell to adapt to the triggering circuit requirements of at least one CB.

[0175] - Collecting input from multiple solar cells and providing a single trigger for at least one CB.

[0176] - Tracking the fault signal (identifying and recording which solar cell was activated first, so the source / origin of the internal arc can be easily identified).

[0177] - Monitoring and / or self-management of the unit or the entire circuit or system.

[0178] - Interlocking with other devices.

[0179] - Communication with other devices.

[0180] - External power supply.

[0181] Likewise, as Figure 9 indicated, the lock 80 of the electromechanical actuator 70 can also be released or unlocked.

[0182] Figure 10a and Figure 10b Different possible positions of the micro gas generator 60 are shown. As shown, the position of the micro gas generator or potential energy release device (locking and spring energy) (moving the linkage mechanism) within the CB actuation mechanism can vary. Figure 10a and Figure 10b The possibilities of such an arrangement are shown, but are not exhaustive. It is possible to select a magnetic drive, but also to be driven by a chemical charge or mechanically stored potential energy. Thus, the electromechanical actuator 70 here can be a mechanical actuator 70 or another type of actuator, for example a magnetic actuator.

[0183] It is even possible to provide a plurality of micro gas generators and / or release electromagnetic locks 60 to release the spring energy involved, in order to reduce the load on a particular part of the linkage mechanism of the electromechanical actuator 70. Figure 11 Examples are provided in which examples of a number of micro gas generators and / or release electromagnetic locks to release the spring energy are shown.

[0184] The micro gas generators and / or release electromagnetic locks to release the spring energy can be placed inside the circuit breaker actuation mechanism or housing, or also outside (possibly mechanically connected with the linkage mechanism). In either case, it is advantageous to be easily replaceable (or in the case of preloaded springs, to be resettable) after activation. Magnetic drives or hybrid drive mechanisms can be actuated in a similar manner. In order to make this movement in the spring drive mechanism of the linkage mechanism possible, an unlocking first takes place, i.e. the locking mechanism is released from its locking position. This can be achieved by separate or identical micro gas generators and / or release electromagnetic locks to release the spring energy.

[0185] Furthermore, the system can be further refined and use one or more solar cells 10 with an analog merging unit 40 to provide triggering and / or energy / power for at least one fast ground switch (also called arc suppression device), see Figures 13-15In the event of a low probability event of an internal arc occurring within the switchgear, one or more fast earthing switches and one or more circuit breakers or circuit breaker trip circuits are activated simultaneously, but due to the design or technology of the actuator, the one or more fast earthing switches first ground the faulty circuit and then disconnection is performed by the upstream circuit breaker and / or other circuit breakers. Also, as shown in Figure 13 and Figure 15 the lock mechanism 80 can be driven to release the electromechanical actuator 70, which can then drive the circuit breaker 30. However, as shown in Figure 14 the incorporation unit 40 is not necessary for driving the arc suppression device (fast earthing switch) 50 to provide intermediate earthing.

[0186] One advantage of the new development is its modular approach. The same solar cell(s) and incorporation unit(s) can be used in combination with a circuit breaker only (fast disconnection of the faulty circuit), independently of a circuit breaker connected to a fast earthing switch (very fast earthing for safety reasons), or both. The same development can be used for a single-phase actuated VI (vacuum interrupter) / CB (circuit breaker) or a multi-phase actuated VI & CB.

[0187] The new development thus replaces complex and / or slow systems for detecting internal arcs in low-, medium- or high-voltage switchgear with solar cells, which are self-powered devices that generate energy from the internal arc. The solar cells enable the circuit breaker to be driven directly, so that the activation of the circuit breaker is not further delayed by any additional devices and the impact of the arc on the switchgear is minimized.

[0188] The inventors realized that they could develop a circuit breaker system that uses solar cells only to obtain light as well as fault arc current and voltage information in order to achieve a reliable trip with sufficient energy generated from the solar cells only in the case where such fault suppression is required, to activate the circuit breaker and optionally an arc suppression device.

[0189] It was realized that in the case of an arc fault, the light generated can be considered "light and current" information, which can be used to trigger the circuit breaker and optionally the arc suppression device without any monitoring of the arc fault current. It was realized that in the case of an arc fault, the light emission is strong enough that the solar cell will generate sufficient energy (about 5 to 10 times more than provided by a strong sunlight illumination under normal conditions) to exceed a given threshold to initiate the circuit breaker and optionally the arc suppression device. At the same time, standard light, ambient light or a flash cannot generate sufficient energy by the solar cell to trip the circuit breaker or the arc suppression device.

[0190] Therefore, the detection of internal arc faults within the switchgear / circuit is currently done by optical arc flash sensors that trigger external powered electronics with a charged capacitor to actuate the active / energetic arc suppression devices, which is related to the determination of the current threshold. Or a slow mechanical based sensing is done.

[0191] However, now with the new device developed by the inventors, there is no need to detect current and light simultaneously, as the arc fault itself is used to generate enough power to trigger the circuit breaker and optionally the arc suppression device, and there is no need to activate a separate system to release the circuit breaker in order to activate it, then activate the circuit breaker. In case of arc fault current above the typical value of 2 kA, the new technology using solar cells triggers the circuit breaker and powers the triggering of the circuit breaker in less than 4-5 ms (milliseconds), and optionally the triggering of the arc suppression device. In case of arc fault current above the typical value of 2 kA, the new technology using solar cells triggers the circuit breaker and powers the triggering of the circuit breaker in less than 4-5 ms, and optionally the triggering of the arc suppression device.

[0192] In case of fault arc current above 2 kA, the new technology makes the operating time of the main arc suppression device extremely short, below 2-3 ms, combined with fast and reliable fault detection, resulting in the arc fault being extinguished almost immediately after it occurs.

[0193] Based on the fast and durable analog technology, a solar cell such as a monocrystalline silicon cell (or other solar cells) can be selected to provide reliable, robust, and fast functionality.

[0194] Therefore, the new technology provides threshold tripping only in case of arc fault. All other light sources (sunlight, lamps) (the electronic devices in the circuit are excluded from the flash current in the loop) cannot provide enough energy to the solar cell, to provide enough power to trip the circuit breaker and optionally the arc suppression device. With this selective technology, unnecessary operation of the circuit breaker and arc suppression device will be avoided.

[0195] The solar cell continuously monitors the switchgear (circuit) autonomously, unaffected by these external light sources. This approach ensures continuous and complete protection of the equipment and personnel at all times, even during maintenance operations.

[0196] As mentioned above, the new circuit breaker system for low, medium or high voltage switchgear can detect and eliminate arc faults in low, medium and high voltage switchgear. The technology is simple and flexible, can adapt to different switchgear configurations, and ensures personnel safety and fast repair of the switchgear in case of internal arc fault.

[0197] The new system can be part of a newly built switchgear, but can also be retrofitted to already installed switchgear installations.

[0198] It should also be noted that reference is made to switchgear, but the new device can also be used in e.g. a converter (DC grid).

Claims

1. A circuit breaker system, comprising: - Solar cells (10); - Circuit breaker (30); - At least one energy storage unit (60); and - Electromechanical actuator (70); The circuit breaker is configured to operate within a low-voltage, medium-voltage, or high-voltage switchgear. The electromechanical actuator is configured to activate the circuit breaker when driven; When activated, the circuit breaker is configured to stop the current flow in at least a portion of the low-voltage, medium-voltage, or high-voltage switchgear. Wherein, one or more of the at least one energy storage unit are configured to release energy when activated to drive the electromechanical actuator to activate the circuit breaker; The solar cell is configured to be located within the compartment of the low-voltage, medium-voltage, or high-voltage switchgear; and The solar cell is configured to activate the at least one energy storage unit due to radiation incident on the solar cell from an arc fault in the switching device.

2. The circuit breaker system according to claim 1, wherein, The solar cell is configured to generate a current and / or voltage (20) exceeding a threshold current and / or voltage level due to radiation incident on the solar cell from an arc fault of the switching device, in order to activate the at least one energy storage unit.

3. The circuit breaker system according to any one of claims 1 to 2, wherein, The circuit breaker system includes: - Locking system (80); The locking system is configured such that the electromechanical actuator cannot be driven to activate the circuit breaker when locked, and the locking system is configured such that the electromechanical actuator can be driven to activate the circuit breaker when unlocked, and one or more of the at least one energy storage unit are configured to release energy to unlock the locking system when activated.

4. The circuit breaker system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein, The solar cell is directly connected to the one or more energy storage units.

5. The circuit breaker system according to any one of claims 1 to 2, wherein, The circuit breaker system includes a merging unit (40) located within or associated with the circuit breaker, the solar cell being directly connected to the merging unit, the merging unit being configured to activate the at least one energy storage unit when activated, the solar cell being configured to activate the at least one energy storage unit due to radiation incident on the solar cell from an arc fault of the switching device.

6. The circuit breaker system according to claim 5, wherein, The merging unit includes a signal adaptation unit, wherein the solar cell is configured to generate a signal due to radiation incident on the solar cell from an arc fault of the switching device, and the signal adaptation unit is configured to adapt the signal from the solar cell into a signal suitable for activating the at least one energy storage unit.

7. The circuit breaker system according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein, The circuit breaker system includes an arc suppression device (50) configured to be installed on the low-voltage, medium-voltage, or high-voltage switchgear, wherein the arc suppression device, when activated, is configured to stop or limit current flow within at least a portion of the low-voltage or medium-voltage switchgear, and another energy storage unit of the at least one energy storage unit, when activated, is configured to release energy to activate the arc suppression device.

8. The circuit breaker according to claim 7, which is dependent on claim 6, wherein, The signal adaptation unit is configured to adapt the signal from the solar cell into a signal suitable for activating the additional energy storage unit.

9. The circuit breaker system according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein, The at least one energy storage unit includes a micro gas generator or a pressurized gas container or one or more springs or Thomson actuators.

10. A circuit breaker system, comprising: - Multiple solar cells (10); - Circuit breaker (30); - At least one energy storage unit (60); and - Electromechanical actuator (70); The circuit breaker is configured to operate within a low-voltage, medium-voltage, or high-voltage switchgear. The electromechanical actuator is configured to activate the circuit breaker when driven; When activated, the circuit breaker is configured to stop the current flow in at least a portion of the low-voltage, medium-voltage, or high-voltage switchgear. Wherein, one or more of the at least one energy storage unit are configured to release energy when activated to drive the electromechanical actuator to activate the circuit breaker; The plurality of solar cells are configured to be located in at least one compartment of the low-voltage, medium-voltage, or high-voltage switchgear; and Each solar cell is configured to activate the at least one energy storage unit due to radiation incident on the solar cell from an arc fault in the switching device.

11. The circuit breaker system according to claim 10, wherein, The circuit breaker system includes: - Locking system (80); The locking system is configured such that when locked, the electromechanical actuator cannot be driven to activate the circuit breaker; when unlocked, the locking system is configured such that the electromechanical actuator can be driven to activate the circuit breaker; and one or more of the at least one energy storage units are configured to release energy to unlock the locking system when activated.

12. The circuit breaker system according to any one of claims 10 to 11, wherein, The circuit breaker system includes a merging unit (40) located within or associated with the circuit breaker, and each solar cell directly connected to the merging unit. The merging unit is configured to activate the at least one energy storage unit when activated, and each solar cell is configured to activate the at least one energy storage unit due to radiation incident on the solar cell from an arc fault of the switching device.

13. A circuit breaker system, comprising: - Multiple solar cells (10); - Circuit breaker (30); - At least one energy storage unit (60); and - Electromechanical actuator (70); The circuit breaker is configured to operate within a low-voltage, medium-voltage, or high-voltage switchgear. The electromechanical actuator is configured to activate the circuit breaker when driven; When activated, the circuit breaker is configured to stop the current flow in at least a portion of the low-voltage, medium-voltage, or high-voltage switchgear. Wherein, one or more of the at least one energy storage unit are configured to release energy when activated to drive the electromechanical actuator to activate the circuit breaker; The plurality of solar cells are configured to be located in at least one compartment of the low-voltage, medium-voltage, or high-voltage switchgear; and Two or more of the plurality of solar cells are configured to activate the at least one energy storage unit due to radiation incident on the solar cells from an arc fault in the switching device.

14. The circuit breaker system according to claim 13, wherein, The circuit breaker system includes: - Locking system (80); The locking system is configured such that when locked, the electromechanical actuator cannot be driven to activate the circuit breaker; when unlocked, the locking system is configured such that the electromechanical actuator can be driven to activate the circuit breaker; and one or more of the at least one energy storage units are configured to release energy to unlock the locking system when activated.

15. The circuit breaker system according to any one of claims 13 to 14, wherein, The circuit breaker system includes a merging unit (40) located within or associated with the circuit breaker, each solar cell being directly connected to the merging unit, the merging unit being configured to activate the at least one energy storage unit when activated, and two or more of the plurality of solar cells being configured to activate the at least one energy storage unit due to radiation incident on the solar cells from an arc fault of the switching device.

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