Terminal and wireless communication method

Abstract

A terminal is capable of transmitting and receiving a wireless signal via a relay device connected to a non-terrestrial network or not via the relay device. A terminal is controlled so as to transmit and receive a wireless signal via a relay device for a cell of a specific frequency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure relates to terminals and wireless communication methods that perform wireless communication via non-terrestrial networks and relay devices. Background Technology

[0002] The 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP, registered trademark) standardized the 5th generation mobile communication system (also known as 5G, New Radio (NR), or Next Generation (NG)) and also standardized the next generation known as Beyond 5G, 5G Evolution, or 6G.

[0003] For example, in 3GPP Releases 17 and 18, regarding the use of Non-Terrestrial Networks (NTN), it is envisioned that wireless base stations (gNBs) and users (UEs) communicate directly via spaceborne / airborne (hereinafter referred to as satellites) (Non-Patent Document 1).

[0004] In 3GPP Release 19 (6G) and beyond, a more flexible network architecture is envisioned, where gNB and UE communicate not only via satellite but also via ground-based network controlled repeaters (NCRs). The UE can utilize the transmission power reaching the NCR for uplink (UL) transmissions, thus expecting reduced power consumption and increased throughput.

[0005] Existing technical documents

[0006] Non-patent literature

[0007] Non-patent document 1: 3GPP TS 38.331 V17.4.0, 3rd Generation Partnership Project; Technical Specification Group Radio Access Network; NR; Radio Resource Control (RRC) protocol specification (Release 17), 3GPP, March 2023 Summary of the Invention

[0008] NTN has a very large delay, so Timing Advance (TA) control is specified for use when NTN is employed.

[0009] However, if NCR is imported into NTN, it is conceivable that even if the above-mentioned TA control is applied directly, it will not function properly.

[0010] Therefore, the following disclosure is made in view of the situation and its purpose is to provide a terminal and wireless communication method that can perform appropriate synchronization processing even when NCR is introduced in NTN.

[0011] One aspect of this disclosure is a relay device (NCR 300) comprising: a receiving unit (MT unit 310) that receives a notification relating to at least one of beam control and resource indication; and a control unit (control unit 330) that, in the case of a non-terrestrial network, applies a specific time offset to determine the timing for starting or stopping the application of the notification compared to the case of a terrestrial network.

[0012] One aspect of this disclosure is a terminal comprising: a transceiver unit (wireless signal transceiver unit 210) that transmits and receives wireless signals via or without a relay device connected to a non-terrestrial network; and a control unit (control unit 270) that controls the transmission and reception of the wireless signals via the relay device for cells of a specific frequency. Attached Figure Description

[0013] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the wireless communication system 10.

[0014] Figure 2 This is a diagram illustrating an example of the structure of wireless frames, subframes, and time slots used in the wireless communication system 10.

[0015] Figure 3 This is the function block structure diagram of gNB 100 and UE 200.

[0016] Figure 4 This is the function block structure diagram of NCR 300.

[0017] Figure 5 This is a diagram illustrating an application example of the time offset involved in action example 1-1.

[0018] Figure 6 This is a diagram illustrating an example (1) of the use of the NCR trunk link involved in action example 2.

[0019] Figure 7 This is a diagram illustrating the use example (2) of the NCR trunk link involved in action example 2.

[0020] Figure 8 This is a diagram illustrating an example of the TA value calculation formula (using a direct link between the satellite and the UE).

[0021] Figure 9 This is a diagram illustrating an example of the TA value calculation formula (using an NCR trunk link).

[0022] Figure 10 This is a diagram illustrating an example of the hardware structure of gNB 100, UE 200, and NCR 300.

[0023] Figure 11 This is a diagram showing a structural example of vehicle 2001. Detailed Implementation

[0024] The embodiments are described below based on the accompanying drawings. Furthermore, the same or similar reference numerals are used to denote the same function or structure, and their descriptions are omitted where appropriate.

[0025] (1) Overall general structure of wireless communication system

[0026] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the wireless communication system 10 involved in this embodiment. The wireless communication system 10 is a wireless communication system that follows 5G New Radio (NR) and includes a Next Generation Radio Access Network (NG-RAN 20) and a terminal 200 (UE (User Equipment) 200).

[0027] In addition, the wireless communication system 10 can also be a wireless communication system that follows the methods referred to as Beyond 5G, 5G Evolution, or 6G.

[0028] NG-RAN 20 includes a radio base station 100 (hereinafter referred to as gNB 100). Furthermore, the specific structure of the wireless communication system 10, including the number of gNBs 100 and UEs 200, is not limited to... Figure 1 The example shown.

[0029] NG-RAN 20 actually comprises multiple NG-RAN nodes, specifically multiple gNBs (or ng-eNBs), connected to a 5G-compliant core network (e.g., 5GC). Furthermore, NG-RAN 20 and the core network can be simply referred to as the "network".

[0030] The gNB 100 is a 5G-compliant wireless base station that performs 5G-compliant wireless communication with the UE 200. The gNB 100 and UE 200 can support Massive MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) which generates a more directional beam BM by controlling the wireless signals transmitted from multiple antenna elements, carrier aggregation (CA) which uses multiple component carriers (CC), and dual connectivity (DC) which allows simultaneous communication between the UE and two NG-RAN nodes.

[0031] In this implementation, the wireless communication system 10 may include a non-terrestrial network (NTN). Within the NTN, services are provided to areas that cannot be covered by the terrestrial network (TN) due to cost or other reasons, by utilizing satellites such as satellite 150 (hereinafter referred to as satellite 150). The NTN enables the provision of more reliable services. For example, the NTN is envisioned for applications in IoT (Internet of Things), ships, buses, trains, and critical communications. Furthermore, the NTN offers scalability based on efficient multicast or broadcast.

[0032] Furthermore, a network that does not include Satellite 150 but includes gNB 100 and UE 200 can be referred to as TN, in contrast to NTN. Additionally, Satellite 150 can function as a gNB (gN base station). The type of Satellite 150 is not particularly limited; for example, it can be a Geostationary Orbit (GEO) satellite or a Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite. Alternatively, High-Altitude Platform Stations (HAPS) can be used. Satellite 150 is not necessarily limited to these types of satellites and can also be interpreted as including spaceborne / airborne systems.

[0033] In this embodiment, gNB 100 may have an NTN gateway 100X. The NTN gateway 100X sends downlink signals to satellite 150. The NTN gateway 100X receives uplink signals from satellite 150.

[0034] Satellite 150 relays downlink signals received from NTN gateway 100X to UE 200. Satellite 150 also relays uplink signals received from UE 200 to NTN gateway 100X. Satellite 150 can be interpreted as a TRP (Transmission-Reception Point), a repeater, or a relay station.

[0035] In this embodiment, gNB 100 and UE 200 can communicate via satellite 150 and a ground-based relay device, specifically a Network Controlled Repeater (NCR 300). The NCR 300 relays data transmitted and received between gNB 100 and UE 200. The NCR 300 can be interpreted as a ground-based repeater or relay station, and can also be replaced by a relay node, wireless communication node, communication device, network device, etc. The NCR 300 can perform UL transmission using a higher transmission power than the UE 200.

[0036] The radio link between NTN gateway 100X and satellite 150 can be referred to as feeder link (FL), and the radio link between satellite 150 and UE200 or NCR 300, as well as the radio link between UE200 and NCR 300, can be referred to as service link (SL).

[0037] Figure 2 An example of the structure of wireless frames, subframes, and time slots used in wireless communication system 10 is shown.

[0038] like Figure 2 As shown, one time slot consists of 14 symbols. The larger (wider) the SCS, the shorter the symbol period (and time slot period). SCS is not limited to... Figure 2 The intervals (frequency) shown. For example, 480kHz, 960kHz, etc. can also be used.

[0039] Furthermore, the number of symbols constituting one time slot does not necessarily have to be 14 symbols (e.g., 28 symbols, 56 symbols). Also, the number of time slots in each subframe can vary depending on the SCS.

[0040] also, Figure 2 The time direction (t) shown can also be referred to as the time domain, symbol period, or symbol time, etc. Additionally, the frequency direction can be referred to as the frequency domain, resource block, subcarrier, bandwidth part (BWP), etc.

[0041] (2) Functional block structure of wireless communication system

[0042] Next, the functional block structure of the wireless communication system 10 will be described. Specifically, the functional block structures of gNB 100, UE 200, and NCR 300 will be described.

[0043] (2.1) gNB 100 and UE 200

[0044] Figure 3 This is the function block structure diagram of gNB 100 and UE 200. The following is a description of UE 200. Figure 3 As shown, the UE200 includes a wireless signal transceiver unit 210, an amplifier unit 220, a modem unit 230, a control signal and reference signal processing unit 240, an encoding / decoding unit 250, a data transceiver unit 260, and a control unit 270.

[0045] The radio transceiver unit 210 transmits and receives radio signals that comply with NR. The radio transceiver unit 210 supports massive MIMO, CA that uses multiple CCs together, and DC that allows simultaneous communication between the UE and two NG-RAN nodes.

[0046] In this embodiment, the wireless transceiver unit 210 can transmit and receive wireless signals via the NCR 300 connected to a non-terrestrial network or without using the NCR 300. In this embodiment, the wireless transceiver unit 210 can be configured as a transceiver unit.

[0047] Specifically, the wireless transceiver unit 210 can use a service link (Servicelink #0, see reference 150) that is directly connected to the satellite 150. Figure 1 ), and service links (Service link #1, 2, see NCR 300 and satellite 150) connected via NCR 300. Figure 1 Use at least one of the following to send and receive information.

[0048] The wireless transceiver unit 210 may, for example, only set the UL to transmit and receive wireless signals via the NCR 300, while transmitting and receiving wireless signals without the NCR 300 for the DL.

[0049] The wireless transceiver unit 210 can receive information related to timing adjustment values ​​for the link (service link) between the NCR 300 and the satellite 150. Specifically, the wireless transceiver unit 210 can receive timing advance (TA) values ​​applied to the NCR 300, the satellite 150, and service link #2. The TA value can be a parameter given in the same format as the common TA parameter involved in the feeder link.

[0050] In addition, the radio transceiver unit 210 can send information indicating whether the UE 200 is capable of transmitting and receiving radio signals via the NCR 300. Specifically, the radio transceiver unit 210 can report to the network whether it has the capability (UE Capability) to perform communication via the service link (also known as the NCR relay link, etc.) through the NCR 300.

[0051] The amplifier section 220 is composed of a power amplifier (PA) and a low-noise amplifier (LNA). The amplifier section 220 amplifies the signal output from the modem 230 to a predetermined power level. Additionally, the amplifier section 220 amplifies the RF signal output from the wireless transceiver 210.

[0052] The modem 230 performs data modulation / demodulation, transmit power setting, and resource block allocation for each predetermined communication target (gNB 100, etc.). Cyclic Prefix-Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (CP-OFDM) / Discrete Fourier Transform-Extended Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (DFT-S-OFDM) can also be applied in the modem 230. Furthermore, DFT-S-OFDM can be used not only for the uplink (UL) but also for the downlink (DL).

[0053] The control signal and reference signal processing unit 240 performs processing related to various control signals transmitted and received by the UE 200, as well as processing related to various reference signals transmitted and received by the UE 200.

[0054] Specifically, the control signal / reference signal processing unit 240 receives various control signals transmitted from the gNB 100 via a predetermined control channel, such as control signals from the Radio Resource Control (RRC) layer. Additionally, the control signal / reference signal processing unit 240 transmits various control signals to the gNB 100 via the predetermined control channel.

[0055] The control signal and reference signal processing unit 240 performs processing using reference signals (RS) such as demodulation reference signal (DMRS) and phase tracking reference signal (PTRS).

[0056] DMRS is a terminal-specific reference signal (pilot signal) used to estimate the fading channel used in data demodulation, and is known between the base station and the terminal. PTRS is a terminal-specific reference signal used for estimating phase noise, which is a problem in the high-frequency band.

[0057] In addition to DMRS and PTRS, the reference signal may also include Channel State Information-Reference Signal (CSI-RS), Sounding Reference Signal (SRS), and Positioning Reference Signal (PRS) for location information.

[0058] In addition, channels include control channels and data channels. Control channels may include PDCCH (Physical Downlink Control Channel), PUCCH (Physical Uplink Control Channel), RACH (Random Access Channel, including Downlink Control Information (DCI) containing Random Access Radio Network Temporary Identifier (RA-RNTI)), and Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH), etc.

[0059] In addition, data channels include PDSCH (Physical Downlink Shared Channel) and PUSCH (Physical Uplink Shared Channel). Data can refer to data transmitted via data channels.

[0060] In addition, data channels include PDSCH (Physical Downlink Shared Channel) and PUSCH (Physical Uplink Shared Channel). Data can refer to data transmitted via the data channel, or it can refer to user data.

[0061] The encoding / decoding unit 250 performs data segmentation / linking and channel encoding / decoding for each predetermined communication target (gNB 100 or other gNB).

[0062] Specifically, the encoding / decoding unit 250 divides the data output from the data transceiver unit 260 into predetermined sizes and performs channel coding on the divided data. Additionally, the encoding / decoding unit 250 decodes the data output from the modem unit 230 and concatenates the decoded data.

[0063] The data transceiver unit 260 performs the transmission and reception of Protocol Data Units (PDUs) and Service Data Units (SDUs). Specifically, the data transceiver unit 260 performs the assembly / disassembly of PDUs / SDUs at multiple layers (Media Access Control (MAC), Radio Link Control (RLC), and Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP), etc.). In addition, the data transceiver unit 260 performs error correction and retransmission control based on Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request (HARQ).

[0064] The control unit 270 controls the functional blocks that constitute the UE 200. In particular, in this embodiment, the control unit 270 performs control related to the service link via the NCR 300.

[0065] Specifically, the control unit 270 controls the transmission and reception of radio signals via the NCR 300, targeting cells at a specific frequency. The specific frequency can mean any one of the frequencies (or frequency bands) used by the cell, or a combination of frequencies.

[0066] In the case of dual connectivity (DC), the control unit 270 can select either the primary cell (PCell) or the secondary cell (SCell), or either the primary cell group or the secondary cell group, as the target and decide whether to use NCR 300.

[0067] For example, the control unit 270 can control the transmission and reception of radio signals via the NCR 300, targeting a subcell or subcell group. Additionally, SpCell, specifically PCCell, and primary / secondary cells (PSCell) may not be targeted.

[0068] The control unit 270 can control the transmission and reception of information related to initial access via the NCR 300. Specifically, the control unit 270 can control the transmission and reception of Msg1 to 4 during the random access process via the service link of the NCR 300.

[0069] The control unit 270 can determine the timing adjustment value for the service link based on the information received by the wireless signal transceiver unit 210 regarding the timing adjustment value for the link (service link) between the NCR 300 and the satellite 150.

[0070] Specifically, the control unit 270 is able to determine the TA value applied to NCR 300, satellite 150, and service link #2 based on information related to the received Timing Advance value. Furthermore, the specific method for determining (calculating) the TA will be described later.

[0071] (2.2) NCR 300

[0072] Figure 4 This is the function block structure diagram of NCR 300. (Example) Figure 4 As shown, the NCR 300 includes a mobile terminal (MT) unit 310 (hereinafter referred to as MT unit 310), a forwarding unit 320, and a control unit 330.

[0073] The MT unit 310 can connect to the network (gNB 100) by performing the same operations as the UE 200. The MT unit 310 can transmit and receive signals with the gNB 100 via satellite 150. In addition, the MT unit 310 can receive side control information for signal relay control between the gNB 100 and the UE 200.

[0074] In this embodiment, the MT unit 310 can receive notifications relating to at least one of beam control and resource indication. In this embodiment, the MT unit 310 can be configured as a receiving unit.

[0075] Specifically, the MT unit 310 can receive, via higher-layer signaling, a medium access control layer control element (MAC-CE) containing at least one of semi-static resource information and beam indication related to the access link (also known as the service link) between the UE 200 and NCR 300. Furthermore, the higher layers may include MAC and / or RRC.

[0076] Additionally, the MT unit 310 can also receive downlink control information (DCI) containing at least one of dynamic resource information and beam indication related to the access link between the UE 200 and NCR 300. As for the DCI format, as long as it can notify information related to the access link, the MT unit 310 can receive the information and indication, for example, via DCI format 2_8 (which may be a temporary name).

[0077] The relay unit 320 performs signal relay between gNB 100 and UE 200 based on side control information. Specifically, the relay unit 320 relays signals transmitted from UE 200 to gNB 100 via satellite 150. In addition, the relay unit 320 relays signals transmitted from gNB 100 via satellite 150 to UE 200.

[0078] The control unit 330 controls the operation of the MT unit 310 and the forwarding unit 320. Specifically, the control unit 330 performs control related to signal relay between gNB 100 and UE 200 based on the control information received by the MT unit 310.

[0079] The control unit 330 is capable of performing beam control for the backhaul link (gNB 100 side) and the access link (UE 200 side). Additionally, the control unit 330 can also perform timing control for DL / UL transmission and reception, and control to enable (ON) only during transmission and reception (UL timing can be envisioned as alignment for all UEs at the NCR 300 location). The control unit 330 can also automatically disable (OFF) control during beam failure recovery (BFR). Furthermore, when applied to NTN, the backhaul link and access link can be interpreted as a single serving link.

[0080] When the MT unit 310 receives a notification related to beam control or resource indication from the network via a non-terrestrial network (NTN), the control unit 330 can apply a specific time offset to determine the timing for starting or stopping the notification application, compared to the case via a terrestrial network (TN).

[0081] Specifically, the control unit 330 can apply a longer time offset than that applied via the TN when the notification is sent via the NTN, and determine the timing for starting or stopping the notification application.

[0082] More specifically, the control unit 330 may, upon receiving a MAC-CE containing at least one of resource information and beam indication related to the access link between the UE 200 and NCR 300, apply the specific time offset to determine the timing for starting or stopping the application of resources or beams.

[0083] Additionally, the control unit 330 can also apply this specific time offset to determine the timing for starting or stopping the application of resources or beams when it receives a DCI (e.g., DCI format 2_8) containing at least one of resource information and beam indication related to the access link between UE 200 and NCR 300. Furthermore, the method for calculating the time offset will be described later.

[0084] The control unit 330 can also apply a coefficient related to the subcarrier spacing (SCS) to the specific time offset. Specifically, the control unit 330 can apply a coefficient that varies depending on the size of the SCS.

[0085] The control unit 330 can also determine different timings for UL and DL. For example, the control unit 330 can determine the timing for applying the notification later than for UL for DL, or it can set the timings for DL ​​and UL to be opposite.

[0086] (3) Operation of wireless communication system

[0087] Next, the operation of the wireless communication system 10 will be explained. Specifically, the operation related to communication between gNB 100 and UE 200 in the non-terrestrial network (NTN) via NCR 300 will be explained.

[0088] (3.1) Prerequisites and topics

[0089] As described above, in the wireless communication system 10, the gNB 100 and UE 200 can perform wireless communication via the NCR 300 located on the ground and via satellite (spaceborne / airborne). By using the NCR 300 in this way, the UE 200 can transmit wireless signals using only the transmission power reaching the NCR 300, thus reducing power consumption. That is, various UEs can utilize NTN (e.g., UEs for IoT / Red Cap: Reduced UE Capability).

[0090] The NCR 300 is able to use higher transmit power than the UE 200 for UL transmission, so a significant improvement in UL throughput performance can be expected.

[0091] On the other hand, when using NTN and communicating via NCR 300 installed on the ground, the following issues need to be addressed.

[0092] (i) A mechanism needs to be set up to ensure that the timing notifications involved in beam control and resource indication are consistent with the NTN.

[0093] In NTN, the latency is very high, so the extension of the functionality for timed notifications is standardized, but there is no extension for NCR association.

[0094] (ii) It needs to be set up with a mechanism for synchronization via NCR.

[0095] The TA control in 3GPP Releases 17 and 18 NTN, which uses satellite ephemeris and common TA parameters, does not envision communication via NCR.

[0096] (iii) UE 200 needs to decide whether to perform an action via NCR or not.

[0097] In 3GPP Releases 17 and 18 NTN, a synchronization establishment action is specified in the service link that is directly connected to satellite 150 without going through NCR 300, but it is necessary to switch this action with the synchronization establishment action in (ii).

[0098] (3.2) Example of an action

[0099] (3.2.1) Action Example 1

[0100] This example corresponds to issue (i) above. In the case of NTN, compared to the case of TN, NCR 300 can apply a predetermined time offset to the control of predetermined notifications.

[0101] (3.2.1.1) Action Example 1-1

[0102] When semi-static resource information and / or corresponding beam indication related to the transmission and reception of the access link (or service link, hereinafter the same) are received via MAC CE command, the NCR 300 may apply a predetermined time offset in the timing decision for starting / stopping the use of that resource / beam.

[0103] Figure 5 This illustrates an application example of the time offset involved in Action Example 1-1. When the feedback timing for the MAC-CE command is set to k, the NCR 300 can...

[0104] [Formula 1]

[0105]

[0106] The usage of this resource / beam begins / stops from the time slot following the calculated time. The gNB 100 can recognize new settings applied on the NCR 300 side.

[0107] in,

[0108] [Formula 2]

[0109]

[0110] This is equivalent to a predetermined time offset. k mac It can be measured in time slots. k mac The parameters can be the same as those used in the timing determination of other MAC-CE commands, or they can be different. mac This is the scheduling offset provided by the network in the absence of frame timing adjustments for DL ​​and UL in gNB 100. μ represents the SCS configuration related to PUCCH transmission.

[0111] In addition, as mentioned above, the NCR 300 can also make the start / stop timing of the application different in DL and UL.

[0112] (3.2.1.2) Action Examples 1-2

[0113] When receiving dynamic resource information and / or corresponding beam indication related to the transmission and reception of the access link via DCI (e.g., DCI format 2_8), the NCR 300 can apply a predetermined time offset in the determination of resources / beams for performing relay operations.

[0114] Specifically, the NCR 300 can determine the resources for performing relay actions based on setting the next time slot after the DCI is received as slot n, passing through "slotOffsetAperiodic" (slot) and "symbolOffset" (symbol) from n, and then through K_offset.

[0115] Here, K_offset is equivalent to a predetermined time offset. K_offset can be in units of time slots. Furthermore, K_offset can be multiplied by a coefficient related to SCS. K_offset can be the same as or different from the parameters used in timing decisions involved in other UL transmissions.

[0116] K_offset can be applied only to UL transmissions (UE-NCR-satellite-gNB). That is, it can be excluded from DL transmissions (gNB-satellite-NCR-UE).

[0117] Alternatively, the NCR 300 can also differentiate the start / stop timing of the application in DL and UL.

[0118] Based on Action Example 1, it can be understood at which timing the relay operation should be performed in both gNB 100 and NCR 300. Therefore, even when using NTN via NCR 300, NCR 300 can perform the appropriate relay operation.

[0119] (3.2.2) Action Example 2

[0120] This example corresponds to topics (ii) and (iii) above. In this example, the NCR 300 can perform relay operations only on frequencies associated with a specific cell.

[0121] For links via NCR 300 (NCR trunk links), the following usage guidelines can be applied.

[0122] (a) UE 200 uses a direct link with the satellite to perform network connectivity, and uses a relay link with NCR 300 for subcells / subcell groups based on notifications from the network.

[0123] (a1) NCR 300 only relays the UL signal of UE 200, and does not relay the DL signal (it can also be treated as a supplementary UL (SUL)).

[0124] (a2) Although the NCR 300 relays the DL and UL signals of UE 200, it does not operate as a SpCell or PCell. It can also notify UE 200 in the SSB (SS (Synchronization Signal) / PBCH (Physical Broadcast Channel) Block) / MIB (Master Information Block) / SIB (System Information Block) that it cannot send PRACH for initial access. Therefore, UE 200 cannot perform initial access via the NCR 300.

[0125] In addition, UE 200 can use a direct link with a satellite to report information about its location to the network.

[0126] Cells with direct links and cells with NCR relay links can be treated as different TAGs (Timing Advance Groups).

[0127] In a cell using an NCR relay link, UE 200 can transmit PUCCH. That is, it can be assumed that the quality of the NCR relay link is better than that of a direct link with a satellite, and PUCCH-Config can be set in a non-SpCell cell to transmit PUCCH.

[0128] Therefore, the NCR trunk link can be effectively utilized, and problems caused by UEs that cannot utilize the NCR trunk link can be avoided.

[0129] (b) Based on notifications from the network, UE 200 determines whether to perform actions related to initial access in the NCR trunk link.

[0130] Instructions for actions related to the NCR relay link can be made in the SSB / MIB / SIB, and the connection action to the cell can be performed only by the UE 200 capable of performing the action (e.g., a notification that the connection action cannot be performed and a notification related to exception handling of the notification can be sent). That is, UEs that cannot perform the action (e.g., legacy UEs up to 3GPP versions 17 and 18) may not perform the connection action to the cell. Furthermore, the information reception described later in (c) can also signify this action instruction.

[0131] Figure 6 Example 1 shows an example of the use of the NCR trunk link involved in action example 2. Figure 7 Example of using the NCR trunk link involved in action example 2 is shown (example 2).

[0132] Specifically, Figure 6 This corresponds to (a1) in action example 2. For example... Figure 6 As shown, the NCR 300 can relay only the UL signal of the UE 200, without relaying the DL signal.

[0133] Figure 7 This corresponds to action example 2(b). Figure 7 As shown, UE 200 can determine whether to perform actions related to initial access in the NCR trunk link based on notifications (instructions) from the network.

[0134] (c) UE 200 may receive information relating to the TA value for the link between satellite and NCR, and calculate and apply the TA value for that link based on the received information.

[0135] The TA value can be calculated based on parameters given in the same format as the common TA parameters involved in the feeder link. That is, the TA value and the Xth derivative coefficient (to track changes in the TA value) can be applied.

[0136] Alternatively, the TA value can be calculated using the same method as the UE-specific TA applied to the direct link between the satellite and the UE. That is, the UE can be informed of the NCR's location information and satellite ephemeris, and the TA value can be calculated based on this information.

[0137] Figure 8 An example of the TA value calculation formula is shown (using a direct link between the satellite and the UE). Figure 9 An example of the TA value calculation formula is shown (using an NCR trunk link).

[0138] Alternatively, UE 200 can receive information related to the TA value of the link between the satellite and the NCR via an SIB containing common TA parameters related to the feeder link. Alternatively, UE 200 can also receive information related to the TA value of the link between the satellite and the NCR as a summary of the common TA parameters related to the feeder link. Alternatively, UE 200 can also receive information related to the TA value of the link between the satellite and the NCR via UE-specific signaling.

[0139] The validity duration of information related to the TA value of the link between satellites and NCRs can be determined by the same parameter as the validity duration of the common TA parameter for feeder links, or by a different parameter. Furthermore, information related to the TA value of the link between satellites and NCRs can be communicated between UEs via common signaling, or by each UE 200 via its own signaling, informing it which NCR-related information should be used. Alternatively, information related to the TA value of the link between satellites and NCRs can be communicated between UEs via common signaling, along with the geographical information of each NCR. Each UE 200 can then determine which NCR-related information to use based on this geographical information and its own location information.

[0140] The TA value based on the common TA parameter related to the feeder link can also be applied in the same way as for UEs in 3GPP Releases 17 and 18. In 3GPP Releases 17 and 18, the UE-specific TA applied to the direct link between the satellite and the UE may not be applied in the case of communication using the NCR relay link.

[0141] In addition, the TA corresponding to the propagation delay between NCR and UE can be interpreted as a mechanism contained in the terrestrial network, specifically, contained in N_TA + N_TA,offset (refer to TS38.211, etc.).

[0142] (d) You can define whether a UE can connect via an NCR trunk link. UE 200 can report this UE capability to the network.

[0143] (4) Functions and Effects

[0144] According to the above-described embodiments, the following effects can be achieved. Specifically, when the NCR 300 is used via NTN, the control unit 330 can apply a specific time offset to determine the timing of starting or stopping notifications compared to the case via TN. Therefore, even when using NTN via the NCR 300, a very large delay can be allowed, and notifications related to beam control and resource indication can be applied at appropriate timing. That is, according to the NCR 300, even when using NTN, notifications related to beam control and resource indication can be applied at appropriate timing.

[0145] In this embodiment, the NCR 300 can determine the timing for starting or stopping the application of the notification based on the reception of a specific MAC-CE and / or DCI. Therefore, the NCR 300 can flexibly respond to instructions from the network based on conditions, etc., and determine the timing.

[0146] In this embodiment, a coefficient related to the SCS can be applied to a specific time offset. This allows for a more appropriate time offset corresponding to the difference from the SCS.

[0147] In this embodiment, the timing of providing notifications related to beam control and resource indication to UL and DL can be different. This allows for the determination of a more appropriate timing corresponding to the differences in the characteristics of UL and DL.

[0148] Furthermore, the NCR 300 can perform relay operations only on frequencies associated with specific cells. In other words, the UE 200 can control the transmission and reception of radio signals via the NCR 300 to target cells at specific frequencies. For example, the UE 200 can control the transmission and reception of radio signals via the NCR 300 to target secondary cells or groups of secondary cells. Additionally, the UE 200 can control the transmission and reception of information related to initial access via the NCR 300. This allows for the restriction of target cells to be controlled by the TA via the NCR 300, ensuring appropriate synchronization processing even when the NCR 300 is implemented in the NTN.

[0149] In this embodiment, UE 200 can determine the TA value for the serving link based on information related to the TA value of the link (serving link) between NCR 300 and satellite 150. Therefore, even when using NTN via NCR 300, an appropriate TA value for the serving link can be determined.

[0150] (5) Other implementation methods

[0151] The above describes the embodiments, but the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described therein, and various modifications and improvements can be made, which will be obvious to those skilled in the art.

[0152] For example, in the above implementation, non-terrestrial networks (NTN) and terrestrial networks (TN) were distinguished and described, but NTN can also be interpreted as a network with a relatively large delay compared to TN, or a network with a relatively long propagation distance compared to TN, etc.

[0153] Furthermore, in the above description, the terms configure, activate, update, indicate, enable, specify, and select can be interchanged. Similarly, the terms link, associate, correspond, and map can be interchanged, as can allocate, assign, monitor, and map.

[0154] Furthermore, specific, dedicated, UE specific, and UE dedicated can be used interchangeably. Similarly, common, shared, group-common, UE common, and UE shared can also be used interchangeably.

[0155] The block structure diagram used in the description of the above embodiments ( Figure 3 , Figure 4 The diagram illustrates blocks organized by function. These functional blocks (structural units) are implemented through any combination of at least one of hardware and software. Furthermore, there are no particular limitations on the implementation method of each functional block. That is, each functional block can be implemented using a single device that is physically or logically combined, or by directly or indirectly (e.g., using wired, wireless, etc.) connecting two or more physically or logically separate devices. Functional blocks can also be implemented by combining software within the aforementioned single or multiple devices.

[0156] The functions include judgment, decision, determination, calculation, calculation, processing, derivation, investigation, search, confirmation, receiving, sending, output, access, resolution, selection, selection, establishment, comparison, assumption, expectation, consideration, broadcasting, notifying, communicating, forwarding, configuring, reconfiguring, allocating, mapping, and assigning, but are not limited to these. For example, the functional block (structural part) that performs the sending function is called the transmitting unit or transmitter. In short, as mentioned above, there are no particular limitations on the implementation method.

[0157] Furthermore, the aforementioned gNB 100, UE 200, and NCR 300 (the device) can also function as a computer for processing the wireless communication method disclosed herein. Figure 10 This is a diagram illustrating an example of the hardware structure of the device. (As shown...) Figure 10 As shown, the device can also be configured as a computer device including a processor 1001, a memory 1002, a storage device 1003, a communication device 1004, an input device 1005, an output device 1006, and a bus 1007.

[0158] Furthermore, in the following description, the term "device" can be replaced with "circuit," "device," "unit," etc. The hardware structure of the device can be configured as either a device comprising one or more of the illustrated components, or a device without any components.

[0159] The functional blocks of the device (refer to) Figure 3 , Figure 4 This can be achieved through any hardware element or combination of hardware elements in the computer device.

[0160] In addition, the functions of the device are implemented by reading predetermined software (programs) into hardware such as processor 1001 and memory 1002, so that processor 1001 performs calculations and controls communication of communication device 1004 or controls at least one of reading and writing data in memory 1002 and storage device 1003.

[0161] The processor 1001 controls the computer as a whole by instructing the operating system to operate. The processor 1001 may also be a central processing unit (CPU) that includes interfaces with peripheral devices, control devices, arithmetic units, registers, etc.

[0162] Furthermore, the processor 1001 reads programs (program code), software modules, data, etc., from at least one direction of memory 1002 in the storage device 1003 and the communication device 1004, and performs various processes accordingly. The program is used to cause the computer to perform at least a portion of the actions described in the above embodiments. Moreover, the various processes described above can be executed by one processor 1001, or by two or more processors 1001 simultaneously or sequentially. The processor 1001 can also be implemented using one or more chips. Furthermore, the program can also be transmitted from a network via a telecommunications line.

[0163] The memory 1002 is a computer-readable recording medium, and may be composed of at least one of the following: read-only memory (ROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), and random access memory (RAM). The memory 1002 may be referred to as a register, cache, main memory (main storage device), etc. The memory 1002 may store programs (program code), software modules, etc., capable of executing the methods according to an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0164] Storage device 1003 is a computer-readable recording medium, and may be composed of at least one of the following: optical discs such as CD-ROM (Compact Disc ROM), hard disk drives, floppy disks, magneto-optical discs (e.g., compact discs, digital multipurpose discs, Blu-ray discs), smart cards, flash memory (e.g., cards, sticks, key drives), floppy disks, magnetic stripes, etc. Storage device 1003 may also be referred to as an auxiliary storage device. The aforementioned recording medium may, for example, be a database, server, or other suitable media that includes at least one of memory 1002 and storage device 1003.

[0165] The communication device 1004 is hardware (transceiver) used for communication between computers via at least one of a wired network and a wireless network, and is also known as a network device, network controller, network card, communication module, etc.

[0166] The communication device 1004 may also be configured to include a high-frequency switch, a duplexer, a filter, a frequency synthesizer, etc., to realize at least one of frequency division duplex (FDD) and time division duplex (TDD).

[0167] Input device 1005 is an input device that accepts input from external sources (e.g., keyboard, mouse, microphone, switch, button, sensor, etc.). Output device 1006 is an output device that performs output to external sources (e.g., display, speaker, LED, etc.). Furthermore, input device 1005 and output device 1006 can also be integrated (e.g., a touch panel).

[0168] Furthermore, devices such as processor 1001 and memory 1002 are connected via bus 1007 for communicating information. Bus 1007 can be configured as a single bus or as different buses between devices.

[0169] Furthermore, the device can be configured to include hardware such as a microprocessor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a programmable logic device (PLD), and a field-programmable gate array (FPGA), which can be used to implement some or all of the functional blocks. For example, the processor 1001 can also be implemented using at least one of these hardware components.

[0170] Furthermore, the notification of information is not limited to the forms / implementations described in this disclosure, and other methods may also be used. For example, information notification may be implemented through physical layer signaling (e.g., Downlink Control Information (DCI), Uplink Control Information (UCI), higher layer signaling (e.g., RRC signaling, Medium Access Control (MAC) signaling, broadcast information (Master Information Block (MIB), System Information Block (SIB))), other signals, or combinations thereof. Additionally, RRC signaling may also be referred to as an RRC message, for example, an RRC Connection Setup message, an RRC Connection Reconfiguration message, etc.

[0171] The various forms / implementations described in this disclosure can also be applied to systems utilizing LTE (Long Term Evolution), LTE-A (LTE-Advanced), SUPER 3G, IMT-Advanced, 4th generation mobile communication system (4G), 5th generation mobile communication system (5G), 6th generation mobile communication system (6G), xth generation mobile communication system (xG) (x being, for example, an integer or a decimal), Future Radio Access (FRA), New Radio (NR), W-CDMA (registered trademark), GSM (registered trademark), CDMA2000, Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB), IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE The system may include at least one of 802.20, Ultra-Wideband (UWB), Bluetooth (registered trademark), other suitable systems, and next-generation systems based on these systems. Alternatively, multiple systems may be combined (e.g., a combination of at least one of LTE and LTE-A with 5G).

[0172] The processing procedures, timing, and flow of the various forms / implementations described in this disclosure may be changed in order, provided there is no contradiction. For example, the elements of various steps are indicated using an illustrative order in the methods described in this disclosure, but are not limited to the specific order indicated.

[0173] In this disclosure, certain actions performed by the base station are sometimes also performed by its upper node, depending on the circumstances. In a network consisting of one or more network nodes having a base station, it is obvious that various actions performed to communicate with a terminal can be performed by at least one of the base station and other network nodes besides the base station (e.g., considering an MME or S-GW, but not limited to these). The above illustration depicts a case where there is only one other network node besides the base station, but it can also be a combination of multiple other network nodes (e.g., an MME and an S-GW).

[0174] It can output information and signals (information, etc.) from a higher (or lower) level to a lower (or higher) level. It can also input and output through multiple network nodes.

[0175] Input or output information can be stored in a specific location (e.g., memory) or managed using a management table. Input or output information can be overwritten, updated, or appended. Output information can also be deleted. Input information can also be sent to other devices.

[0176] The determination can be made by the value represented by 1 bit (0 or 1), by a Boolean value (Boolean: true or false), or by comparing numerical values ​​(e.g., comparing with a predetermined value).

[0177] The various forms / implementations described in this disclosure can be used individually or in combination, and can be switched depending on the execution. Furthermore, the notification of predetermined information (e.g., a "It is X" notification) is not limited to being explicit, but can also be implicit (e.g., not notifying the predetermined information).

[0178] Software, whether called software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description language, or by other names, should be broadly interpreted as referring to commands, command sets, code, code segments, program code, programs, subroutines, software modules, applications, software applications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects, executable files, execution threads, procedures, functions, etc.

[0179] In addition, software, commands, information, etc., can be sent and received via a transmission medium. For example, when software is sent from a webpage, server, or other remote source using at least one of wired technologies (coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) etc.) and wireless technologies (infrared, microwave, etc.), at least one of these wired and wireless technologies is included within the definition of a transmission medium.

[0180] The information, signals, etc., described in this disclosure can also be represented using any of a variety of different technologies. For example, the data, commands, instructions, information, signals, bits, symbols, chips, etc., that may be involved in the above description as a whole can be represented by voltage, current, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or magnetic particles, light fields or photons, or any combination of these.

[0181] Furthermore, the terms used in this disclosure and those necessary for understanding this disclosure may be replaced with terms that have the same or similar meanings. For example, at least one of the channel and symbol may also be a signal (signaling). Additionally, a signal may also be a message. Furthermore, a component carrier (CC) may also be referred to as a carrier frequency, cell, frequency carrier, etc.

[0182] The terms “system” and “network” as used in this disclosure are used interchangeably.

[0183] Furthermore, the information, parameters, etc., described in this disclosure can be represented using absolute values, relative values ​​to predetermined values, or other corresponding information. For example, wireless resources can be indicated using indexes.

[0184] The names used for the above parameters are non-limiting in any respect. Furthermore, the formulas, etc., using these parameters may sometimes differ from those explicitly disclosed in this disclosure. Various channels (e.g., PUCCH, PDCCH, etc.) and information elements can be identified by any appropriate name, and therefore the various names assigned to these channels and information elements are non-limiting in any respect.

[0185] In this disclosure, the terms "Base Station (BS)," "wireless base station," "fixed station," "NodeB," "eNodeB (eNB)," "gNodeB (gNB)," "access point," "transmission point," "reception point," "transmission / reception point," "cell," "sector," "cell group," "carrier," and "component carrier" are used interchangeably. Sometimes, terms such as macro cell, small cell, femtocell, and picocell are also used to refer to base stations.

[0186] A base station can accommodate one or more (e.g., three) cells (also called sectors). When a base station accommodates multiple cells, the overall coverage area of ​​the base station can be divided into multiple smaller areas, and each smaller area can also provide communication services through the base station subsystem (e.g., a small indoor base station (Remote Radio Head: RRH)).

[0187] Terms such as “cell” or “sector” refer to a portion or the entire coverage area of ​​at least one of the base stations and base station subsystems that provide communication services within that coverage area.

[0188] In this disclosure, the base station sending information to the terminal can also be replaced by the base station instructing the terminal on information-based control / actions.

[0189] In this disclosure, the terms "Mobile Station (MS)," "user terminal," "User Equipment (UE)," and "terminal" are used interchangeably.

[0190] For mobile stations, those skilled in the art sometimes also use the following terms: subscriber station, mobile unit, subscriber unit, wireless unit, remote unit, mobile device, wireless device, wireless communication device, remote device, mobile subscriber station, access terminal, mobile terminal, wireless terminal, remote terminal, handheld device, user agent, mobile client, client, or some other appropriate terms.

[0191] At least one of the base station and mobile station can also be referred to as a transmitting device, receiving device, communication device, etc. Furthermore, at least one of the base station and mobile station can also be a device mounted on a mobile body, the mobile body itself, etc. The mobile body can be a vehicle (e.g., a car, an airplane, etc.), a mobile body moving in an unmanned manner (e.g., a drone, an autonomous vehicle, etc.), or a robot (humanized or unmanned). In addition, at least one of the base station and mobile station also includes devices that do not necessarily move during communication. For example, at least one of the base station and mobile station can be an IoT (Internet of Things) device such as a sensor.

[0192] Furthermore, the base station in this disclosure can also be replaced by a mobile station (user terminal, hereinafter the same). For example, various forms / implementations of this disclosure can also be applied to structures that replace communication between the base station and the mobile station with communication between multiple mobile stations (e.g., also referred to as D2D (Device-to-Device), V2X (Vehicle-to-Everything), etc.). In this case, the structure can also be configured such that the mobile station has the functions of the base station. In addition, terms such as "uplink" and "downlink" can also be replaced with terms corresponding to communication between terminals (e.g., "side"). For example, uplink channel, downlink channel, etc. can also be replaced with side channel (or side link).

[0193] Similarly, the mobile station in this disclosure can be replaced by a base station. In this case, the base station can also be configured to have the functions of a mobile station.

[0194] A radio frame can consist of one or more frames in the time domain. In the time domain, one or more frames can be called subframes. A subframe can also consist of one or more time slots in the time domain. A subframe can be a fixed time length (e.g., 1 ms) independent of the parameter set (numerology).

[0195] A parameter set can be communication parameters applied to at least one of the transmission and reception of a signal or channel. For example, a parameter set can represent at least one of the following: Subcarrier Spacing (SCS), bandwidth, symbol length, cyclic prefix length, Transmission Time Interval (TTI), number of symbols per TTI, radio frame structure, specific filtering processing performed by the transceiver in the frequency domain, and specific windowing processing performed by the transceiver in the time domain.

[0196] In the time domain, a time slot can be composed of one or more symbols (OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) symbols, SC-FDMA (Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access) symbols, etc.). A time slot can be a time unit based on a set of parameters.

[0197] A time slot can contain multiple mini-time slots. Each mini-time slot can consist of one or more symbols in the time domain. Additionally, a mini-time slot can also be called a sub-time slot. A mini-time slot can consist of fewer symbols than a time slot. PDSCH (or PUSCH) transmitted in time units larger than mini-time slots can be called PDSCH (or PUSCH) mapping type (type) A. PDSCH (or PUSCH) transmitted using mini-time slots can be called PDSCH (or PUSCH) mapping type (type) B.

[0198] Radio frames, subframes, time slots, mini-time slots, and symbols all represent time units for transmitting signals. Radio frames, subframes, time slots, mini-time slots, and symbols can each be referred to by other corresponding names.

[0199] For example, a single subframe can be called a Transmission Time Interval (TTI), multiple consecutive subframes can also be called a TTI, and a single time slot or a single mini-time slot can also be called a TTI. In other words, at least one of a subframe or TTI can be a subframe (1ms) in existing LTE, a period shorter than 1ms (e.g., symbols 1-13), or a period longer than 1ms. Furthermore, the unit representing TTI may not be called a subframe, but rather a time slot, mini-time slot, etc.

[0200] Here, TTI refers, for example, to the smallest unit of time for scheduling in wireless communication. For instance, in an LTE system, the base station schedules the allocation of radio resources (bandwidth, transmit power, etc., available to each user terminal) in units of TTI. However, the definition of TTI is not limited to this.

[0201] The Time Interval (TTI) can be a unit of time for transmitting channel-coded data packets (transmission blocks), code blocks, codewords, etc., or it can be a processing unit such as scheduling or link adaptation. Furthermore, when a TTI is given, the actual time interval (e.g., the number of symbols) that the transmission block, code block, codeword, etc., are mapped to can be shorter than the TTI.

[0202] Furthermore, when one time slot or one mini time slot is referred to as a TTI, more than one TTI (i.e., more than one time slot or more than one mini time slot) can become the minimum time unit for scheduling. In addition, the number of time slots (mini time slots) constituting the minimum time unit for scheduling can be controlled.

[0203] A TTI with a duration of 1ms can also be called a normal TTI (TTI in LTE Rel.8-12), a long TTI, a normal subframe, a long subframe, or a time slot. A TTI shorter than a normal TTI can also be called a shortened TTI, a short TTI, a partial or fractional TTI, a shortened subframe, a short subframe, a mini time slot, a sub-time slot, or a time slot.

[0204] Furthermore, for long TTIs (e.g., normal TTIs, subframes, etc.), they can be replaced with TTIs with a duration of more than 1ms. For short TTIs (e.g., shortened TTIs, etc.), they can be replaced with TTIs with a duration of less than long TTIs but more than 1ms.

[0205] A resource block (RB) is a unit of resource allocation in both the time and frequency domains. In the frequency domain, it can contain one or more consecutive subcarriers. The number of subcarriers contained in an RB can be the same regardless of the parameter set, for example, it can be 12. The number of subcarriers contained in an RB can also be determined based on the parameter set.

[0206] In addition, the time domain of an RB can contain one or more symbols, which can be a time slot, a mini-time slot, a subframe, or a TTI in length. A TTI, a subframe, etc., can each be composed of one or more resource blocks.

[0207] In addition, one or more RBs can also be called Physical Resource Block (PRB), Sub-Carrier Group (SCG), Resource Element Group (REG), PRB pair, RB pair, etc.

[0208] In addition, a resource block can consist of one or more resource elements (REs). For example, one RE can be a radio resource area consisting of one subcarrier and one symbol.

[0209] The Bandwidth Part (BWP) (also known as partial bandwidth, etc.) can represent a subset of contiguous common resource blocks (RBs) used for a certain parameter set in a given carrier. Here, common RBs can be determined by indexing RBs based on a common reference point of that carrier. PRBs can be defined and numbered within a BWP.

[0210] A BWP can include a UL BWP and a DL BWP. One or more BWPs can be set for a UE within a single carrier.

[0211] At least one of the configured BWPs can be active, and the UE may not intend to transmit or receive predetermined signals / channels outside of the active BWP. Furthermore, the terms "cell," "carrier," etc., used in this disclosure can be replaced with "BWP."

[0212] The structures of radio frames, subframes, time slots, mini-time slots, and symbols described above are merely illustrative. For example, the number of subframes contained in a radio frame, the number of time slots in each subframe or radio frame, the number of mini-time slots contained within a time slot, the number of symbols and RBs contained in a time slot or mini-time slot, the number of subcarriers contained in an RB, the number of symbols in a TTI, the symbol length, the cyclic prefix (CP) length, etc., can be varied in many ways.

[0213] The terms “connected,” “coupled,” or any variations thereof are intended to indicate any direct or indirect connection or combination between two or more elements, including cases where there is one or more intermediate elements between the two elements that are “connected” or “coupled.” The combination or connection between elements can be physical, logical, or a combination of these. For example, “access” can be used instead of “connected.” In the context of this disclosure, it can be understood that two elements are “connected” or “coupled” to each other using at least one of one or more wires, cables, and printed electrical connections, and, as some non-limiting and non-inclusive examples, they are “connected” or “coupled” to each other using electromagnetic energy with wavelengths in the wireless frequency domain, microwave region, and light (both visible and invisible) region.

[0214] The reference signal can be simply called the Reference Signal (RS), or, depending on the standard applied, the pilot.

[0215] As used in this disclosure, the word "based on" does not mean "based on only" unless otherwise expressly stated. In other words, the word "based on" means both "based on only" and "based on at least".

[0216] Alternatively, the "unit" in the structure of the above devices can be replaced with "section", "circuit", "equipment", etc.

[0217] Any reference to elements using designations such as "first," "second," etc., as used in this disclosure does not necessarily limit the number or order of these elements. These designations may be used in this disclosure as a convenient method of distinguishing between two or more elements. Therefore, references to "first" and "second" elements do not imply that only two elements can be used there, or that in some form the first element must precede the second element.

[0218] When the terms "include," "including," and their variations are used in this disclosure, these terms, like the term "comprising," imply inclusion. Furthermore, the term "or" as used in this disclosure does not refer to XOR.

[0219] In this disclosure, for example, in cases where articles are added through translation, such as in English (e.g., a, an, and the), this disclosure may include cases where the noun following these articles is in a plural form.

[0220] As used in this disclosure, terms such as "determining" and "determining" sometimes encompass a variety of actions. For example, "determining" or "determining" may include actions such as judging, calculating, computing, processing, deriving, investigating, searching (e.g., searching in a table, database, or other data structure), and ascertaining, which are considered as actions of "determining" or "determining." Furthermore, "determining" or "determining" may include actions such as receiving (e.g., receiving information), transmitting (e.g., sending information), inputting, outputting, and accessing (e.g., accessing data in storage), which are considered as actions of "determining" or "determining." Additionally, "determining" or "determining" may include actions such as resolving, selecting, choosing, establishing, and comparing, which are considered as actions of "determining" or "determining." That is, "judgment" and "decision" can include matters that are considered as having been "judged" or "decided". In addition, "judgment (decision)" can also be replaced by "assuming", "expecting", "considering", etc.

[0221] In this disclosure, the phrase "A and B are different" can mean "A and B are not the same." Furthermore, this phrase can also mean "A and B are each different from C." Terms such as "separate" and "combined" can also be interpreted in the same way as "different."

[0222] Figure 11 An example of the structure of vehicle 2001 is shown. For example... Figure 11 As shown, the vehicle 2001 includes a drive unit 2002, a steering unit 2003, an accelerator pedal 2004, a brake pedal 2005, a gear shift lever 2006, left and right front wheels 2007, left and right rear wheels 2008, an axle 2009, an electronic control unit 2010, various sensors 2021 to 2029, an information service unit 2012, and a communication module 2013.

[0223] The drive unit 2002 may be composed of, for example, an engine, a motor, or a hybrid powertrain of an engine and a motor. The steering unit 2003 includes at least a steering wheel (also called a steering wheel), configured to steer at least one of the front and rear wheels based on user-operated steering wheel movements. The electronic control unit 2010 consists of a microprocessor 2031, a memory (ROM, RAM) 2032, and a communication port (IO port) 2033. Signals from various sensors 2021 to 2027 present in the vehicle are input to the electronic control unit 2010. The electronic control unit 2010 may also be referred to as an ECU (Electronic Control Unit).

[0224] The signals from various sensors 2021 to 2028 include current signals from current sensor 2021 that senses the current of the motor, speed signals of the front and rear wheels obtained by speed sensor 2022, air pressure signals of the front and rear wheels obtained by air pressure sensor 2023, vehicle speed signals obtained by vehicle speed sensor 2024, acceleration signals obtained by acceleration sensor 2025, accelerator pedal input signals obtained by accelerator pedal sensor 2029, brake pedal input signals obtained by brake pedal sensor 2026, gear lever operation signals obtained by gear lever sensor 2027, and detection signals obtained by object detection sensor 2028 for detecting obstacles, vehicles, pedestrians, etc.

[0225] The Information Service Unit 2012 consists of various devices such as a car navigation system, audio system, speakers, television, and radio, which provide (output) various information such as driving information, traffic information, and entertainment information, and one or more ECUs that control these devices. The Information Service Unit 2012 uses information obtained from external devices via communication modules 2013, etc., to provide various multimedia information and multimedia services to the occupants of vehicle 1.

[0226] The Information Services Department 2012 may include input devices that accept input from external sources (e.g., keyboard, mouse, microphone, switch, button, sensor, touch panel, etc.) and output devices that implement output to external sources (e.g., monitor, speaker, LED light, touch panel, etc.).

[0227] The Driver Assistance System 2030 comprises various devices used to prevent accidents or reduce driver workload, such as millimeter-wave radar, LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging), cameras, positioning devices (e.g., GNSS), map information (e.g., high-definition (HD) maps, autonomous vehicle (AV) maps), gyroscope systems (e.g., IMU (Inertial Measurement Unit), INS (Inertial Navigation System)), AI (Artificial Intelligence) chips, and AI processors, as well as one or more ECUs that control these devices. Furthermore, the Driver Assistance System 2030 transmits and receives various information via the communication module 2013 to achieve driver assistance or autonomous driving functions.

[0228] The communication module 2013 can communicate with the microprocessor 2031 and the components of the vehicle 1 via the communication port. For example, the communication module 2013 can send and receive data with the drive unit 2002, steering unit 2003, accelerator pedal 2004, brake pedal 2005, gear shift lever 2006, left and right front wheels 2007, left and right rear wheels 2008, axle 2009, microprocessor 2031 in the electronic control unit 2010, memory (ROM, RAM) 2032, and sensors 2021 to 2028 in the vehicle 2001 via the communication port 2033.

[0229] The communication module 2013, controlled by the microprocessor 2031 of the electronic control unit 2010, is a communication device capable of communicating with external devices. For example, it can transmit and receive various types of information with external devices via wireless communication. The communication module 2013 can be located inside or outside the electronic control unit 2010. External devices can be, for example, base stations, mobile stations, etc.

[0230] The communication module 2013 can wirelessly transmit to an external device at least one of the signals input to the electronic control unit 2010 from the various sensors 2021-2028, information obtained based on those signals, and information obtained via the information service unit 2012 based on input from an external source (user). The electronic control unit 2010, the various sensors 2021-2028, and the information service unit 2012 can also be referred to as input units that receive input. For example, the PUSCH transmitted by the communication module 2013 can contain information based on the aforementioned input.

[0231] The communication module 2013 receives various information (traffic information, signal information, vehicle-to-vehicle information, etc.) sent from external devices and displays it on the information service unit 2012 provided by the vehicle. The information service unit 2012 can also be referred to as an output unit for outputting information (for example, outputting information to devices such as displays and speakers based on the PDSCH received by the communication module 2013 (or data / information decoded from the PDSCH). In addition, the communication module 2013 stores the various information received from external devices in a memory 2032 available to the microprocessor 2031. The microprocessor 2031 can also control the drive unit 2002, steering unit 2003, accelerator pedal 2004, brake pedal 2005, gear lever 2006, left and right front wheels 2007, left and right rear wheels 2008, axles 2009, sensors 2021 to 2028, etc., provided by the vehicle 2001 based on the information stored in the memory 2032.

[0232] The present disclosure has been described in detail above, but it will be clear to those skilled in the art that the present disclosure is not limited to the embodiments described herein. The present disclosure can be implemented as modifications and variations without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure as defined by the claims. Therefore, the present disclosure is for illustrative purposes only and is not intended to be limiting.

[0233] (Postscript)

[0234] The above disclosure can also be expressed as follows. The first feature is a relay device comprising: a receiving unit that receives a notification relating to at least one of beam control and resource indication; and a control unit that, in the case of a non-terrestrial network, applies a specific time offset to determine the timing for starting or stopping the application of the notification compared to the case of a terrestrial network.

[0235] The second feature is that, in the first feature, the receiving unit receives a control element of the medium access control layer containing at least one of resource information related to the access link between the terminal and the relay device and a beam indication, and the control unit, in the case of the non-terrestrial network, applies the specific time offset to determine the timing for starting or stopping the application of the resource or beam.

[0236] The third feature is that, in the first or second feature, the receiving unit receives downlink control information containing at least one of dynamic resource information and beam indication related to the access link between the terminal and the relay device, and the control unit, in the case of the non-terrestrial network, applies the specific time offset to determine the timing for starting or stopping the application of the resource or beam.

[0237] The fourth feature is that, in features 1 through 3, the control unit applies a coefficient related to the subcarrier spacing to the specific time offset.

[0238] The fifth feature is that, in features 1 through 4, the control unit determines different timings for the uplink and downlink.

[0239] The sixth feature is a terminal comprising: a transceiver unit that transmits and receives wireless signals via or without a relay device connected to a non-terrestrial network; and a control unit that controls the transmission and reception of the wireless signals via the relay device for cells of a specific frequency.

[0240] The seventh feature is that, in the sixth feature, the control unit performs control to transmit and receive the wireless signal via the relay device, targeting a subcell or subcell group.

[0241] The eighth feature is that, in the sixth or seventh feature, the control unit performs control to transmit and receive information related to the initial access via the relay device.

[0242] The ninth feature is that, in features 6 to 8, the transceiver receives information relating to timing adjustment values ​​for the link between the relay device and the satellite, and the control unit determines the timing adjustment values ​​for the link based on the information.

[0243] The 10th feature is that, in features 6 to 9, the transceiver unit transmits capability information indicating whether the terminal is capable of transmitting or receiving the wireless signal via the relay device.

[0244] Label Explanation

[0245] 10: Wireless Communication System

[0246] 20: NG-RAN

[0247] 100: gNB

[0248] 100X: NTN Gateway

[0249] 150: Satellite

[0250] 200:UE

[0251] 210: Wireless Signal Transceiver Unit

[0252] 220: Amplifier Section

[0253] 230: Modulation and Demodulation Section

[0254] 240: Control Signal & Reference Signal Processing Unit

[0255] 250: Encoding / Decoding Section

[0256] 260: Data Transceiver Department

[0257] 270: Control Department

[0258] 300: NCR

[0259] 310: MT Department

[0260] 320: Forwarding Department

[0261] 330: Control Department

[0262] 1001: Processor

[0263] 1002: Memory

[0264] 1003: Storage device

[0265] 1004: Communication device

[0266] 1005: Input device

[0267] 1006: Output device

[0268] 1007: Bus

[0269] 2001: Vehicles

[0270] 2002: Drive Unit

[0271] 2003: Steering Unit

[0272] 2004: Accelerator Pedal

[0273] 2005: Brake Pedal

[0274] 2006: Gear Shift

[0275] 2007: Left and right front wheels

[0276] 2008: Left and right rear wheels

[0277] 2009: Axle

[0278] 2010: Electronic Control Department

[0279] 2012: Information Services Department

[0280] 2013: Communication Module

[0281] 2021: Current Sensor

[0282] 2022: Speed ​​Sensor

[0283] 2023: Barometric Pressure Sensor

[0284] 2024: Vehicle Speed ​​Sensor

[0285] 2025: Accelerometer

[0286] 2026: Brake Pedal Sensor

[0287] 2027: Gearshift Sensor

[0288] 2028: Object Detection Sensor

[0289] 2029: Accelerator Pedal Sensor

[0290] 2030: Driver Assistance Systems Department

[0291] 2031: Microprocessors

[0292] 2032: Memory (ROM, RAM)

[0293] 2033: Communication Port

Claims

1. A terminal having: Transceiver unit, which transmits and receives wireless signals via or without a relay device connected to a non-terrestrial network; and The control unit, targeting cells of a specific frequency, controls the transmission and reception of the wireless signals via the relay device.

2. The terminal according to claim 1, wherein, The control unit targets a subcell or subcell group and controls it to transmit and receive the wireless signal via the relay device.

3. The terminal according to claim 1, wherein, The control unit controls the transmission and reception of information related to the initial access via the relay device.

4. The terminal according to claim 1, wherein, The transceiver unit receives information related to timing adjustment values ​​for the link between the relay device and the satellite. Based on the information, the control unit determines the timing adjustment value for the link.

5. The terminal according to claim 1, wherein, The transceiver unit sends information indicating whether the terminal is capable of transmitting and receiving wireless signals via the relay device.

6. A wireless communication method, which is a wireless communication method in a terminal, comprising the following steps: Transmitting and receiving wireless signals via or without a relay device connected to a non-terrestrial network; and The system targets cells at specific frequencies and controls them to transmit and receive wireless signals via the relay device.

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