A liquid phase sweat cooling thermal protection structure based on atomized jet

Abstract

The application discloses a liquid-phase sweating cooling heat protection structure based on atomized jet flow, relates to the field of active flow control heat reduction and drag reduction of an aerospace high-speed aircraft, and comprises a coolant cabin, wherein a cooling injection hole is formed in the cabin wall of the coolant cabin, an atomized vibration body is fixedly connected to the cabin wall of the coolant cabin and located at the cooling injection hole, the atomized vibration body can be in contact with coolant in the coolant cabin, and a driver for vibrating the atomized vibration body is further included. The application works based on the principle of ultrasonic atomization, liquid coolant generates atomized jet flow through the action of a piezoelectric ceramic atomizing sheet, and the atomized jet flow enters the boundary layer outside the aircraft, so that the use of a liquid pumping driving device is avoided, and the light weight degree of the liquid-phase sweating cooling device is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of active flow control for heat reduction and drag reduction in high-speed aerospace vehicles, and more specifically, to a liquid-phase sweating cooling thermal protection structure based on atomized jets. Background Technology

[0002] With the development of high-speed aircraft, the high temperatures and heat fluxes caused by extreme conditions can severely exceed the temperature resistance limits of materials. The design of advanced high-speed aircraft must not only meet constraints such as long-term operation, light weight, and reusability, but also ensure good thermal insulation performance under extremely high heat flux density and ultra-high temperature conditions.

[0003] Liquid-phase perspiration cooling is a promising active boundary layer flow control and thermal protection technology. It is an active thermal protection technology that achieves cooling by allowing cold fluid to seep from a porous wall into a high-temperature environment. Its core mechanism is the normal velocity component effect generated when the fluid flows out of the wall and the thermal blocking effect of the surface gas film. However, its application in aircraft thermal protection still has significant drawbacks: coolant transport requires additional drive equipment, which increases the system's mass and volume.

[0004] For example, patent application CN119239968A discloses a coolant stable supply structure for a sweating cooling system of hot-end components of an aircraft. This system achieves stable coolant supply through compartmentalized compartments and directional piping. However, the entire device requires a drive pump and other structures to power the coolant, which is not conducive to achieving a lightweight system. Similarly, patent CN116280164B discloses a porous material sweating cooling front edge structure that achieves coolant flow in different areas through variable porosity. However, its coolant supply channel also requires a drive pump and other structures, which is still not conducive to achieving a lightweight system.

[0005] In summary, how to achieve a lightweight design for liquid phase sweating cooling devices is a problem that urgently needs to be solved by those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In view of this, the purpose of this application is to provide a liquid phase sweating cooling thermal protection structure based on atomized jet, which effectively improves the lightweight nature of the liquid phase sweating cooling device and reduces the system's mass and volume.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, this application provides the following technical solution:

[0008] A liquid-phase sweating cooling thermal protection structure based on atomized jet includes a coolant chamber, a cooling nozzle is provided on the chamber wall of the coolant chamber, an atomizing vibrator is fixedly connected to the chamber wall of the coolant chamber and located at the cooling nozzle, the atomizing vibrator can contact the coolant in the coolant chamber, and a driver is also included for causing the atomizing vibrator to vibrate.

[0009] Preferably, the atomizing vibrator is a piezoelectric ceramic atomizing plate, the driver is a driving power supply, and the driving power supply and the atomizing vibrator are electrically connected.

[0010] Preferably, the coolant chamber is provided with an adsorption and leakage component, and the side of the atomizing vibrator facing the coolant chamber is in contact with the adsorption and leakage component.

[0011] Preferably, an elastic washer is fixedly connected to the wall of the cooling nozzle, and the elastic washer is in contact with the atomizing vibrator.

[0012] Preferably, the adsorption and seepage element includes a central body and extension rods. Multiple extension rods are provided and distributed around the central body. One end of the extension rod is fixedly connected to the central body, and the end of the extension rod away from the central body is inserted into the cooling nozzle and contacts the atomizing vibrator.

[0013] Preferably, there are multiple adsorption and leakage elements, the length direction of the extension rod is radial to the coolant chamber, and the multiple adsorption and leakage elements are arranged along the axial direction of the coolant chamber.

[0014] Preferably, the central body is annular, and the central body and the coolant chamber are coaxial.

[0015] Preferably, it further includes a porous wall shell, which is sleeved outside the coolant chamber and fixedly connected to the coolant chamber, and an annular cavity is formed between the outer wall of the coolant chamber and the inner wall of the porous wall shell.

[0016] Preferably, the annular cavity is provided with multiple compartment ribs, which are fixedly connected to both the outer wall of the coolant tank and the inner wall of the pore shell, with each compartment rib located between two adjacent adsorption and seepage components.

[0017] Preferably, the porous wall shell is made of breathable steel or gas ceramic.

[0018] The liquid-phase sweating cooling thermal protection structure based on atomized jet provided in this application has the following characteristics: because the cooling nozzle and the inner cavity of the coolant tank are connected, the atomizing vibrator located in the cooling nozzle can directly contact the coolant in the coolant tank. When the atomizing vibrator vibrates at high frequency under the drive of the actuator, it atomizes the coolant to generate a mist-like jet with a certain initial velocity. This mist-like coolant will be sprayed onto the outer boundary layer of the aircraft, improving the heat insulation capability of the outer wall of the aircraft. Compared with the liquid pumping device system, the actuator used in this application to drive the atomizing vibrator to vibrate has lower volume and weight requirements, which is conducive to achieving the lightweighting of the liquid-phase sweating cooling device. Attached Figure Description

[0019] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on the provided drawings without creative effort.

[0020] Figure 1 This is an overall cross-sectional schematic diagram illustrating the liquid phase sweating cooling thermal protection structure based on atomized jet in the embodiments of this application;

[0021] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the working principle of the driver in the embodiments of this application;

[0022] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the structure of the liquid adsorption component in the embodiments of this application;

[0023] Figure 4 This is a view of the coolant tank along the AA angle in the embodiments of this application.

[0024] Figures 1-4 In the accompanying drawings, the reference numerals include:

[0025] 1. Coolant tank; 2. Cooling nozzle; 3. Atomizing vibrator; 4. Driver; 5. Adsorbent component; 6. Central body; 7. Extension rod; 8. Elastic gasket; 9. Annular chamber; 10. Porous wall shell; 11. Compartment ribs. Detailed Implementation

[0026] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0027] Unless otherwise defined, the technical or scientific terms used in this application shall have the ordinary meaning understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application pertains. The terms "first," "second," and similar words used in this application do not indicate any order, quantity, or importance. Terms such as "connected" or "linked" are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but can include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. Terms such as "upper," "lower," "left," and "right" are used only to indicate relative positional relationships; when the absolute position of the described object changes, the relative positional relationship may also change accordingly. This application discloses a liquid-phase sweating cooling thermal protection structure based on atomized jets.

[0028] The core of this application is to provide a liquid-phase sweating cooling thermal protection structure based on atomized jets.

[0029] Please refer to Figure 1 .

[0030] The liquid-phase sweating cooling thermal protection structure based on atomized jet provided in this application includes a coolant chamber 1 and an atomizing mechanism. The coolant chamber 1 is an integrally enclosed conical shell, and its internal cavity is used to hold liquid coolant. Cooling nozzles 2 are formed on the walls of the coolant chamber 1, and the cooling nozzles 2 are connected to the internal cavity of the coolant chamber 1. The atomizing mechanism is used to spray the liquid coolant in the coolant chamber 1 from the cooling nozzles 2 in the form of atomization. The atomizing mechanism includes an atomizing vibrator 3 and a driver 4. The atomizing vibrator 3 is fixedly installed at the cooling nozzle 2 and fixedly connected to the wall of the cooling nozzle 2. The atomizing vibrator 3 can directly contact the liquid coolant in the coolant chamber 1. The driver 4 is used to drive the atomizing vibrator 3 to vibrate at high frequency, so that the coolant in contact with it is impacted by high frequency and forms a mist liquid, which is then sprayed out of the coolant chamber 1, thereby forming a thermal barrier layer outside the coolant chamber 1.

[0031] The aforementioned liquid-phase sweating cooling thermal protection structure based on atomized jets enables the liquid in the coolant chamber 1 to have the power to seep out of the chamber through the principle of vibration atomization. This effectively solves the problem of large volume and large mass occupation caused by the liquid pumping drive device used in similar products, and improves the lightweight nature of the liquid-phase sweating cooling device.

[0032] The following description, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments, provides a more detailed account of the liquid-phase sweating cooling thermal protection structure based on atomized jet provided in this application.

[0033] In one specific implementation, reference is made to... Figure 1 and 2 .

[0034] Specifically, the atomizing vibrator 3 is a piezoelectric ceramic atomizing plate, and the actuator 4 is a driving power source, which is an AC power source. The driving power source and the coolant tank 1 are fixed relative to each other, and the driving power source extends a wire to the atomizing vibrator 3 and is electrically connected to the atomizing vibrator 3 through the wire. Under the control of the driving power source, the piezoelectric ceramic atomizing plate vibrates at high frequency to generate ultrasonic waves. Through the action of the piezoelectric ceramic atomizing plate, the liquid coolant generates an atomized jet and enters the boundary layer outside the aircraft.

[0035] The piezoelectric ceramic atomizing plate operates based on the principle of ultrasonic atomization. Since this design eliminates the need for a drive pump and piping, it achieves a lightweight system. In practice, while maintaining lightweight design, the atomizing vibrator 3 can be any other device capable of generating an atomized jet, in addition to the piezoelectric ceramic atomizing plate.

[0036] Based on this, the AC power of the driving power supply can independently adjust the voltage and frequency of each piezoelectric ceramic atomizing plate, thereby changing the amplitude and frequency of the piezoelectric ceramic atomizing plate, and thus adjusting the spray intensity of the corresponding piezoelectric ceramic atomizing plate.

[0037] During flight, the drive power supply can independently control each piezoelectric ceramic atomizing plate according to parameters such as flight attitude, altitude, and speed. The working voltage of the piezoelectric ceramic atomizing plate can be adjusted according to the cooling requirements to achieve quantitative adjustment of coolant injection at different positions, adapt to unsteady flight conditions, and have stronger environmental adaptability.

[0038] Based on the above embodiments, refer to Figure 1 .

[0039] Specifically, an elastic washer 8 is coaxially fixed to the wall of the cooling nozzle 2. The elastic washer 8 has a high elastic deformation capacity. The elastic washer 8 is in contact with the edge of the atomizing vibrator 3 facing the inner cavity of the coolant chamber 1. When the atomizing vibrator 3 is in working condition, the elastic washer 8 provides a buffer for the vibration stroke of the atomizing vibrator 3, thereby reducing the high-frequency vibration damping.

[0040] Based on any of the above embodiments, such as Figure 1 and 3 As shown.

[0041] Specifically, the atomizing mechanism also includes an adsorption / permeation component 5, which is fixedly installed inside the coolant chamber 1. The atomizing vibrator 3, facing inwards from the coolant chamber 1, comes into contact with the adsorption / permeation component 5. The adsorption / permeation component 5 is immersed in liquid coolant. Through its own permeation, the liquid coolant in the coolant chamber 1 moves towards the atomizing vibrator 3 via the adsorption / permeation component 5, ensuring a stable coolant supply to the atomizing vibrator 3 over a long period. In this embodiment, the adsorption / permeation component 5 is made of siphon cotton.

[0042] Based on the above embodiments, refer to Figure 1 and 3 .

[0043] Specifically, the liquid adsorption component 5 includes a central body 6 and extension rods 7. Multiple extension rods 7 are provided and distributed around the central body 6. The extension rods 7 of a single liquid adsorption component 5 are arranged in a divergent pattern. In actual implementation, the length direction of each extension rod 7 is radial to the coolant chamber 1. One end of the extension rod 7 is integrally formed with the central body 6, and the end of the extension rod 7 furthest from the central body 6 is inserted into the cooling nozzle 2 and contacts the atomizing vibrator 3.

[0044] Each extension rod 7 of the adsorption and seepage component 5 and its corresponding atomizing vibrator 3 are arranged in a circumferential shape, and the liquid coolant flowing through the adsorption and seepage component 5 also diffuses in a divergent manner to each atomizing vibrator 3.

[0045] Based on the above embodiments, refer to Figure 1 and 3 .

[0046] Specifically, the central body 6 is annular, and the end of the extension rod 7 is connected to the outer sidewall of the central body 6. There are multiple adsorption / permeation elements 5, arranged axially along the coolant chamber 1. Each adsorption / permeation element 5 and the atomizing vibrators 3 it abuts form an atomizing module. Adjacent atomizing modules can have equal gaps, or, depending on the actual situation, the arrangement density can be increased in areas with high thermal protection requirements, resulting in a non-uniform arrangement of atomizing modules. Among these adsorption / permeation elements 5, the radial dimension of the central body 6 located closer to the tip of the coolant chamber 1 is smaller than the radial dimension of the central body 6 located farther from the tip of the coolant chamber 1.

[0047] Therefore, the gap formed between the central space of the central body 6 and the extension rod 7 gives the adsorption and leakage component 5 a hollow structure, thus the adsorption and leakage component 5 has little impact on the flowability of the liquid coolant.

[0048] like Figure 1 and 4 As shown, the atomizing vibrators 3 are distributed in both the axial and circumferential directions of the coolant tank 1. The atomizing vibrators 3 at various locations in the axial direction are also staggered in the circumferential direction. This arrangement aims to improve the uniformity of the distribution of the atomizing vibrators 3 on the surface of the coolant tank 1, so as to improve the heat insulation capability of the formed heat-blocking layer at various locations of the tank wall.

[0049] Based on the above embodiments, refer to Figure 1 .

[0050] Specifically, it also includes a porous shell 10, which is fitted outside and fixedly connected to the coolant tank 1. The porous shell 10 is also a conical shell and coaxial with the coolant tank 1. A uniform gap is formed between the inner wall of the porous shell 10 and the outer wall of the coolant tank 1, thus forming an annular chamber 9 between the outer wall of the coolant tank 1 and the inner wall of the porous shell 10. The porous shell 10 is made of a breathable, high-temperature resistant material, such as breathable steel or breathable ceramics. The pores of the porous shell 10 allow gaseous micro-droplets to pass through, and atomized liquid can also be transported to the outside of the aircraft surface through the porous shell 10, thereby reducing heat and drag on the wall surface and improving the thermal protection capability of the boundary layer on the outer surface of the porous shell 10.

[0051] Furthermore, the annular chamber 9 is provided with multiple compartmentalized ribs 11. The compartmentalized ribs 11 are annular and coaxial with the coolant chamber 1. The compartmentalized ribs 11 are fixedly connected to both the outer wall of the coolant chamber 1 and the inner wall of the porous shell 10, and each compartmentalized rib 11 is located between two adjacent adsorption permeation elements 5. The compartmentalized ribs 11 provide support for the porous shell 10. At the same time, the annular chamber 9 is divided into multiple relatively independent sub-chambers by the compartmentalized ribs 11. The atomizing vibrators 3 of each atomizing module are arranged in an array in their corresponding sub-chamber, thereby improving the uniformity of the circumferential heat insulation effect at the outer wall of the coolant chamber 1 corresponding to this atomizing module.

[0052] In a specific implementation, the liquid coolant in the coolant tank 1 is adsorbed onto the piezoelectric ceramic atomizing plate via the adsorption and seepage component 5. Driven by alternating current, the piezoelectric ceramic atomizing plate generates high-frequency micro-amplitude vibrations, breaking the liquid into 1-10 μm droplets, which are then directionally sprayed at a certain speed, typically 5-20 m / s, adjustable as needed. The droplets are sprayed onto the inner surface of the porous shell 10 made of thermal protection material and transported to its outer surface through the pores of the material. During transport or at the outer surface, heat is absorbed through a phase change, thus providing thermal protection. The driving power supply can dynamically adjust voltage parameters based on aircraft status data to achieve real-time matching between jet intensity and thermal load.

[0053] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, with each embodiment focusing on the differences from other embodiments. The same or similar parts between the various embodiments can be referred to each other.

[0054] The foregoing has provided a detailed description of a liquid-phase sweating cooling thermal protection structure based on atomized jets provided in this application. Specific examples have been used to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of this application. The descriptions of the embodiments above are merely for the purpose of helping to understand the method and core ideas of this application. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various improvements and modifications to this application without departing from its principles, and these improvements and modifications also fall within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A liquid phase transpiration cooling thermal protection structure based on atomized jet, comprising a coolant cabin (1), a cooling ejection hole (2) is arranged on the cabin wall of the coolant cabin (1), characterized in that, The atomizing vibration body (3) is fixedly connected to the wall of the coolant cabin (1) and located at the cooling injection hole (2), and can contact the coolant in the coolant cabin (1); the atomizing vibration body (3) is a piezoelectric ceramic atomizing sheet, and the driver (4) is a driving power source, which is electrically connected with the atomizing vibration body (3); The coolant cabin (1) is provided with an adsorbing liquid-permeating member (5), and the side of the atomizing vibration body (3) facing the coolant cabin (1) is in contact with the adsorbing liquid-permeating member (5); The hole wall of the cooling injection hole (2) is fixedly connected with an elastic gasket (8), and the elastic gasket (8) is in contact with the atomizing vibration body (3); The coolant cabin (1) is provided with an adsorbing liquid-permeating member (5), and the side of the atomizing vibration body (3) facing the coolant cabin (1) is in contact with the adsorbing liquid-permeating member (5); The coolant cabin (1) is provided with an adsorbing liquid-permeating member (5), and the side of the atomizing vibration body (3) facing the coolant cabin (1) is in contact with the adsorbing liquid-permeating member (5); The adsorbing liquid-permeating member (5) comprises a central body (6) and an extension rod (7), the extension rod (7) is provided with a plurality of rods and is distributed around the central body (6), one end of the extension rod (7) is fixedly connected with the central body (6), and the other end of the extension rod (7) away from the central body (6) is inserted into the cooling injection hole (2) and is in contact with the atomizing vibration body (3).

2. The atomized jet based liquid phase sweat cooling thermal protection structure of claim 1, wherein, The adsorbing liquid-permeating member (5) comprises a central body (6) and an extension rod (7), the extension rod (7) is provided with a plurality of rods and is distributed around the central body (6), one end of the extension rod (7) is fixedly connected with the central body (6), and the other end of the extension rod (7) away from the central body (6) is inserted into the cooling injection hole (2) and is in contact with the atomizing vibration body (3).

3. The atomized jet based liquid phase sweat cooling thermal protection structure of claim 2, wherein, The adsorbing liquid-permeating member (5) comprises a central body (6) and an extension rod (7), the extension rod (7) is provided with a plurality of rods and is distributed around the central body (6), one end of the extension rod (7) is fixedly connected with the central body (6), and the other end of the extension rod (7) away from the central body (6) is inserted into the cooling injection hole (2) and is in contact with the atomizing vibration body (3).

4. The atomized jet based liquid impingement cooling thermal protection structure of claim 3, wherein, The central body (6) is annular, and the central body (6) is coaxial with the coolant cabin (1).

5. The atomized jet-based liquid- phase sweat cooling thermal protection structure of claim 1, wherein, The material of the porous wall shell (10) is air-permeable steel or air ceramic.

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