Water tunnel divides the construction method of arch bottom inverted arch lining

Abstract

The application relates to a water tunnel segmented pouring arc bottom inverted arch lining and a construction method, and the main construction steps include the following steps: (1) manufacturing structural parts; (2) measuring and setting out; (3) tunnel rock wall drilling; (4) installing telescopic support rod hangers; (5) installing positioning anchor bars and bottom steel bar cages; (6) installing hanging support type scraping rail formwork; (7) installing supporting type anti-floating frames; (8) sliding rail plate frame construction; (9) connecting the hanging support type scraping rail formwork and the sliding rail plate frame; (10) installing sliding rails; (11) sliding mode pouring of the tunnel arc bottom plate; and (12) pouring the next section of the arc bottom plate until the construction is completed. The sliding mode construction technology of the application is used for segmented and segmented pouring, effectively overcomes the quality defects such as air holes and rough surfaces of the bottom arch concrete in the traditional process, ensures the smoothness of the concrete surface, significantly improves the overall appearance quality of the tunnel bottom arch lining, completely solves the common problems of air bubbles and pitted surface, and has a wide application prospect.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a method for constructing a multi-stage cast-in-place arch lining for hydraulic tunnels, belonging to the field of civil engineering, and applicable to the casting construction of arch-bottom tunnels. Background Technology

[0002] In the construction of hydraulic tunnels, the invert lining is a crucial step in ensuring the stability and safety of the tunnel structure. With the continuous expansion of the scale of hydraulic tunnel construction, advancements in construction technology have become particularly important. In recent years, research on construction technologies for hydraulic tunnels has gradually increased, especially in the area of ​​staged casting of arch-bottom invert linings. Researchers have begun to focus on how to improve construction efficiency and quality to adapt to complex geological conditions and construction environments.

[0003] Currently, the construction of hydraulic tunnels mainly relies on traditional casting methods, typically employing either single-stage or multi-stage casting for the invert lining. While these methods meet construction requirements to some extent, numerous problems remain in practical application. For example, multi-stage casting has a longer construction cycle and is easily affected by weather and geological conditions, leading to delays in construction progress. Furthermore, traditional construction methods often require significant manpower and material resources, increasing construction costs.

[0004] Traditional hydraulic tunnel invert lining techniques have several significant drawbacks. First, improper treatment of the pouring joints during phased pouring can lead to water seepage and insufficient structural strength, affecting the overall safety of the tunnel. Second, traditional techniques suffer from inadequate groundwater management during construction, making them susceptible to water damage and impacting construction quality. Furthermore, limitations in construction equipment result in low efficiency, failing to meet the demands of modern hydraulic tunnel construction for rapid and efficient work. Therefore, there is an urgent need to improve existing techniques to enhance construction quality and efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a method for constructing the arch lining of a hydraulic tunnel in stages. The method adopts a slipform construction technique for staged pouring, which effectively overcomes the quality defects such as air holes and rough surfaces in the bottom arch concrete of traditional processes, ensuring that the concrete surface is flat and smooth, thereby significantly improving the overall appearance quality of the tunnel bottom arch lining and completely solving the common problems of air bubbles and pitting.

[0006] The objective of this invention can be achieved through the following method: a construction method for staged casting of the arch bottom lining of a hydraulic tunnel, comprising the following steps:

[0007] Step 1: Fabricate structural components:

[0008] Fabricate telescopic strut hangers, slide rail frames, hanging support type scraper templates, and pressure type anti-buoyancy frames; when fabricating telescopic strut hangers, pre-drill screw holes at the top of the telescopic crossbars and connect the two telescopic crossbars with telescopic sleeves;

[0009] When making the suspended support type scraper template, an arc support plate is welded to the top of the suspended plate, and a rotating shaft and vertical rod are welded to the bottom of the suspended plate. At the same time, telescopic jacks are installed at the bottom of both ends of the suspended plate.

[0010] When making the suspended support type scraper formwork, a construction platform is welded to the top of the arc-shaped scraper formwork, pads are evenly welded to the bottom of the arc-shaped scraper formwork and the bottom of the construction platform, sleeves and ear plates are welded to the top of the construction platform, and a sleeve is welded to the top end of the arc-shaped scraper formwork; a lifting jack is set in the center of the top of the construction platform.

[0011] When making the support-type anti-buoyancy frame, the middle part of the anti-buoyancy support rod is welded into a whole by horizontal bracing, the side of the round support plate is welded to the middle side of the anti-buoyancy support rod by connecting rod, and the top of the lifting rod is welded to the bottom of the round support plate.

[0012] Step 2, Measurement and Layout: Measure and lay out the installation positions of the casing holes and anchor bolt holes on the tunnel rock wall;

[0013] Step 3: Drilling holes in the tunnel rock wall: Drill holes at the marked locations of the casing hole and the positioning anchor hole using a drilling rig;

[0014] Step 4: Install the telescopic strut hanger: Install the sleeve into the sleeve hole, then adjust the length of the telescopic crossbar, install the telescopic crossbars at both ends of the telescopic sleeve into the sleeve hole respectively, and then fix the telescopic sleeve and the telescopic crossbar with screws and fixing nuts;

[0015] Step 5: Install positioning anchor bars and bottom plate reinforcement cage: Install positioning anchor bars in the positioning anchor bar holes, then hoist the bottom plate reinforcement cage into place, and weld the bottom plate reinforcement cage to the positioning anchor bars for secure installation.

[0016] Step 6: Installation of suspended support type scraper formwork: Place the arc-shaped scraper formwork on top of the positioning anchor bars, and then install the concrete pump in front of the construction platform;

[0017] Step 7: Install the support-type anti-buoyancy frame: Install the support-type anti-buoyancy frame on the construction platform, install the bottom of the anti-buoyancy support rods on the support-type anti-buoyancy frame into the sleeve, and then adjust the lifting jack to the set height;

[0018] Step 8, Slide rail frame construction: First, adjust the telescopic jacks on the slide rail frame so that the telescopic rod reaches the set position and the top of the arc support plate is connected with the bottom of the telescopic crossbar. Then, use screws and nuts to lock the telescopic crossbar, arc support plate and suspension plate together. The traction winch is symmetrically arranged at the front end of the suspension plate.

[0019] Step 9: Connect the suspended support type scraper template and the slide rail frame: Adjust the telescopic jack so that the bottom height of the telescopic rod matches the height of the sleeve; connect the telescopic rod and the sleeve on the slide rail frame, and then lock the telescopic rod and the sleeve with the insert pin;

[0020] Step 10: Install the slide rail: Install the slide rail inside the frame sleeve above the arc-shaped scraper template. At the same time, use a wire rope to connect the lifting ring to the ear plate. Align the lifting ring with the notch at the bottom of the frame sleeve to ensure that the lifting ring can slide in the notch at the bottom of the frame sleeve. At the same time, use a wire rope to connect the front end of the slide rail to the traction winch set at the top front end of the suspension plate.

[0021] Step 11: Slipform casting of the tunnel's arc-shaped bottom slab: Adjust the lifting jacks on the support-type anti-buoyancy frame. Under the lifting of the lifting rod, the round support plate on the support-type anti-buoyancy frame will move the anti-buoyancy support rods on the support-type anti-buoyancy frame upward as a whole until the anti-buoyancy support rods touch the bottom of the suspension plate. Then start the concrete pump to cast the tunnel's arc-shaped bottom slab.

[0022] Step 12: Pour the next section of the curved base slab until construction is completed: When constructing the next section of the curved base slab, first adjust the lifting jacks to move the anti-buoyancy support rods downward as a whole. Then remove the pins and start the telescopic jacks to move the telescopic rods upward until they are free from the sleeves. Then start the traction winch to move the slide rails. The slide rails move the curved scraper templates forward. When the curved scraper templates move forward, they smooth the concrete.

[0023] Repeat steps nine through twelve until the entire tunnel's curved bottom slab is poured.

[0024] Preferably, the telescopic strut hanger is used to suspend the suspended plate. The telescopic strut hanger includes a telescopic crossbar, a telescopic sleeve, and a casing. The casing is embedded in the tunnel rock wall. One end of the telescopic crossbar is connected to the casing, and the other end of the telescopic crossbar is connected to the telescopic sleeve through a screw and a fixing nut. A telescopic crossbar is connected to each side of the telescopic sleeve.

[0025] Preferably, the suspended support type scraper formwork is used for the construction of the arc-shaped bottom slab of the tunnel. The suspended support type scraper formwork includes a hoop, a sleeve, a pad, an arc-shaped scraper formwork, a construction platform, and ear plates. The top of the arc-shaped scraper formwork is provided with a construction platform, and a pad is provided between the construction platform and the top of the arc-shaped scraper formwork. Ear plates and sleeves are symmetrically provided on the top of both sides of the construction platform, and hoop is symmetrically provided on the top of both sides of the arc-shaped scraper formwork. The hoop has a reserved hole on its side, and the bottom of the telescopic rod has an insertion hole. The bottom of the telescopic rod extends into the hoop and connects with the hoop. The insertion and removal pins pass through the insertion hole and the reserved hole of the hoop at the same time, and the telescopic rod and the hoop are fixed by inserting and removing the pins.

[0026] Preferably, the aforementioned support-type anti-buoyancy frame is used to prevent the arc-shaped scraper template from floating during the construction of the arc-shaped base plate. The support-type anti-buoyancy frame includes anti-buoyancy support rods, circular support plates, connecting rods, lifting rods, and horizontal bracing. The horizontal bracing is connected to the middle of the side walls of two adjacent anti-buoyancy support rods. The middle side wall of the anti-buoyancy support rod is connected to the outer side wall of the circular support plate through connecting rods. The connecting rods are arranged radially relative to the center of the circular support plate. A lifting rod is provided below the center of the bottom of the circular support plate. The bottom of the lifting rod is connected to a lifting jack, which is located at the center of the top of the construction platform. The sleeve is connected to the bottom of the anti-buoyancy support rod, and the top of the anti-buoyancy support rod is supported on the bottom of the suspension plate. A concrete pump is provided at the front end of the construction platform, and a pouring pipe is provided on the concrete pump.

[0027] Preferably, the slide rail frame includes pulleys, arc support plates, suspension plates, rotating shafts, frame sleeves, vertical rods, telescopic rods, and telescopic jacks; the top of the suspension plate is uniformly welded with arc support plates, and vertical rods and telescopic jacks are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the bottom of the suspension plate; rotating shafts are symmetrically arranged at the front end of the bottom of the suspension plate; the bottom of the vertical rods is provided with frame sleeves, and the bottom center of the frame sleeves is provided with notches; the telescopic jacks are connected to the telescopic rods, and the telescopic rods are located at the lower end of the telescopic jacks; the bottom end of the rotating shaft is provided with pulleys.

[0028] Preferably, the telescopic crossbar has a screw hole at the top, the arc support plate has an arc support plate pre-reserved opening at the top, and the suspension plate has a pre-reserved hole at the top; the arc support plate is located at the bottom of the telescopic crossbar and is also located above the suspension plate; the screw passes through the screw hole, the arc support plate pre-reserved opening, and the pre-reserved hole simultaneously, and a nut is connected to the screw, and the nut is used to fasten the telescopic crossbar, the arc support plate, and the suspension plate.

[0029] Preferably, the central axis of the slide rail is on the same horizontal line as the bottom of the pulley and the central axis of the frame sleeve. The front end of the slide rail is connected to one end of the wire rope, and the other end of the wire rope is connected to the traction winch after passing through the pulley.

[0030] The hydraulic tunnel's arc-bottom invert lining is constructed using a phased casting method.

[0031] This invention has the following outstanding advantages and significant effects:

[0032] 1. The telescopic strut hanger of the present invention is simple in design and versatile in function. It can be quickly assembled and disassembled, which greatly improves construction efficiency. It can be used as a suspension frame for suspending and supporting scraper formwork, providing stable support and ensuring safety and efficiency during construction. At the same time, it can also be used as a suspension and fixing frame for slide rail plate frame, ensuring stability during slipform construction and guaranteeing construction quality.

[0033] 2. The sliding rail frame used in this invention has an ingenious design. The upper arc support plate can be quickly aligned and connected with the telescopic support rod hanger. The frame sleeve and sliding rail configured below achieve a similar effect to "hanging basket" construction. At the same time, the setting of telescopic rod and telescopic jack effectively stabilizes the arc-shaped scraper template, thereby ensuring the quality of the arc bottom arch lining construction.

[0034] 3. The suspended support type scraper formwork adopted in this invention is ingeniously designed. It uses positioning anchor bars as the lower support and connects with the slide rail frame to achieve the effect of slipform construction. At the same time, the concrete pump equipped on the construction platform can realize segmented and multi-stage pouring, which greatly improves construction efficiency.

[0035] 4. The support-type anti-buoyancy frame of the present invention, by adjusting the lifting jack and the lifting rod, causes the circular support plate to drive the anti-buoyancy support rod to move upward as a whole and closely press against the bottom of the suspension plate, effectively preventing the floating phenomenon of the arc-shaped scraper template during the pouring of the arc-shaped bottom plate of the tunnel, thereby ensuring construction safety and project quality.

[0036] 5. This invention adopts a slipform construction technology of segmented and phased pouring, which effectively overcomes the quality defects such as air holes and rough surfaces that occur in the bottom arch concrete in traditional processes, ensuring that the concrete surface is flat and smooth, thereby significantly improving the overall appearance quality of the tunnel bottom arch lining and completely solving the common problems of air bubbles and pitting. Attached Figure Description

[0037] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-section of the arch bottom lining of a hydraulic tunnel, constructed in stages.

[0038] Figure 2 It is a 3D schematic diagram;

[0039] Figure 3 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the arc-bottom arch lining of a hydraulic tunnel, constructed in stages.

[0040] Figure 4 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the connection between the telescopic sleeve and the telescopic crossbar;

[0041] Figure 5 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the casing and anchor bar construction;

[0042] Figure 6 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the working principle of the slide rail;

[0043] Figure 7 This is a 3D schematic diagram of the steel mold trolley assembly;

[0044] Figure 8 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the detailed structure of the arc-shaped scraper template;

[0045] Figure 9 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the tunnel rock wall construction;

[0046] Figure 10 This is a detailed 3D schematic diagram of the bottom structure of the suspension plate.

[0047] In the diagram: 1-Telescopic crossbar, 2-Screw, 3-Nut, 4-Threaded rod, 5-Telescopic sleeve, 6-Fixing nut, 7-Pulley, 8-Arc support plate reserved opening, 9-Tunnel rock wall, 10-Arc support plate, 11-Suspension plate, 12-Anti-buoyancy support rod, 13-Rotating shaft, 14-Pin pin, 15-Cladle, 16-Sleeve, 17-Concrete pump, 18-Positioning anchor bar, 19-Bottom plate reinforcement cage, 20-Circular support plate, 21-Push block, 22-Arc-shaped scraper template, 2 3-Connecting rod, 24-Reserved hole, 25-Construction platform, 26-Ear plate, 27-Wire rope, 28-Frame sleeve, 29-Vertical rod, 30-Telescopic rod, 31-Telescopic jack, 32-Sleeve, 33-Insertion hole, 34-Pouring pipe, 35-Lifting rod, 36-Lifting jack, 37-Horizontal bracing, 38-Screw hole, 39-Sleeve reserved hole, 40-Sleeve hole, 41-Positioning anchor hole, 42-Slide rail, 43-Traction winch, 44-Lifting ring. Detailed Implementation

[0048] The construction technical requirements for steel pipe welding and cutting, bottom slab reinforcement cage binding, and concrete pouring in the embodiments of the present invention will not be repeated. The focus is on explaining the implementation of the present invention. The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and through embodiments. This description is not limited to the following embodiments.

[0049] like Figures 1 to 10 As shown, a hydraulic tunnel is constructed by pouring the arc-bottom invert lining in stages. The equipment used in the construction process includes telescopic strut hangers, suspended support type scraper formwork, pressure type anti-buoyancy frame and slide rail plate frame.

[0050] The telescopic strut hanger is used to suspend the suspended plate 11. The telescopic strut hanger includes a telescopic crossbar 1, a telescopic sleeve 5, and a sleeve 32. The sleeve 32 is embedded in the tunnel rock wall 9. One end of the telescopic crossbar 1 is connected to the sleeve 32, and the other end of the telescopic crossbar 1 is connected to the telescopic sleeve 5 through a screw 4 and a fixing nut 6. A telescopic crossbar 1 is connected to each side of the telescopic sleeve 5.

[0051] The suspended support type scraper formwork is used for the construction of the arc-shaped bottom slab of tunnels. The suspended support type scraper formwork includes a sleeve 15, a sleeve 16, a pad block 21, an arc-shaped scraper formwork 22, a construction platform 25, and ear plates 26. The top of the arc-shaped scraper formwork 22 is provided with a construction platform 25, and a pad block 21 is provided between the construction platform 25 and the top of the arc-shaped scraper formwork 22. Ear plates 26 and sleeves 16 are symmetrically provided on the top of both sides of the construction platform 25, and sleeves 15 are symmetrically provided on the top of both sides of the arc-shaped scraper formwork 22.

[0052] The sleeve 15 has a sleeve reserved hole 39 on its side, and the telescopic rod 30 has an insertion hole 33 at its bottom. The bottom of the telescopic rod 30 extends into the sleeve 15 and is connected to the sleeve 15. The insertion pin 14 passes through the insertion hole 33 and the sleeve reserved hole 39 at the same time, and the telescopic rod 30 and the sleeve 15 are fixed by inserting and removing the pin 14.

[0053] The arc-shaped scraper template 22 is placed on the positioning anchor bar 18, which is embedded in the bottom of the tunnel rock wall 9. The bottom plate steel cage 19 is connected to the positioning anchor bar 18 and is located below the arc-shaped scraper template 22. The bottom of the tunnel rock wall 9 is provided with a positioning anchor bar hole 41, and the side wall of the tunnel rock wall 9 is provided with a sleeve hole 40. The positioning anchor bar 18 is inserted into the positioning anchor bar hole 41, and the sleeve 32 is inserted into the sleeve hole 40.

[0054] The aforementioned anti-buoyancy frame is used to prevent the arc-shaped scraper template 22 from floating during the construction of the arc-shaped base plate. The anti-buoyancy frame includes anti-buoyancy support rods 12, circular support plates 20, connecting rods 23, lifting rods 35, and horizontal bracing 37. The horizontal bracing 37 is connected to the middle of the side walls of two adjacent anti-buoyancy support rods 12. The middle side wall of the anti-buoyancy support rod 12 is connected to the outer side wall of the circular support plate 20 through the connecting rods 23. The connecting rods 23 are arranged radially relative to the center of the circular support plate 20. The lifting rod 35 is provided below the center of the bottom of the circular support plate 20.

[0055] The bottom of the lifting rod 35 is connected to the lifting jack 36, which is located at the center of the top of the construction platform 25; the sleeve 16 is connected to the bottom of the anti-buoyancy support rod 12, which is supported at the bottom of the suspension plate 11; a concrete pump 17 is provided at the front end of the construction platform 25, and a pouring pipe 34 is provided on the concrete pump 17.

[0056] The aforementioned slide rail frame is used for suspending, lifting, and traction of the support rail template. The slide rail frame includes pulleys 7, arc support plates 10, suspension plates 11, rotating shafts 13, frame sleeves 28, vertical rods 29, telescopic rods 30, and telescopic jacks 31. Arc support plates 10 are uniformly welded to the top of the suspension plate 11. Vertical rods 29 and telescopic jacks 31 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the bottom of the suspension plate 11. Rotating shafts 13 are symmetrically arranged at the front end of the bottom of the suspension plate 11. Frame sleeves 28 are provided at the bottom of the vertical rods 29, and a notch is provided in the center of the bottom of the frame sleeves 28. The telescopic jacks 31 are connected to the telescopic rods 30, and the telescopic rods 30 are located at the lower end of the telescopic jacks 31. The bottom end of the rotating shaft 13 is provided with pulleys 7.

[0057] The telescopic crossbar 1 has a screw hole 38 at its top, the arc support plate 10 has an arc support plate reserved opening 8 at its top, and the suspension plate 11 has a reserved hole 24 at its top. The arc support plate 10 is located at the bottom of the telescopic crossbar 1 and is also located above the suspension plate 11. The screw 2 passes through the screw hole 38, the arc support plate reserved opening 8, and the reserved hole 24. The screw 2 is connected to a nut 3, and the nut 3 is used to fasten the telescopic crossbar 1, the arc support plate 10, and the suspension plate 11.

[0058] The ear plate 26 is connected to the lifting ring 44 at the bottom of the slide rail 42 via a steel wire rope 27. One end of the steel wire rope 27 is connected to the ear plate 26, and the other end is connected to the lifting ring 44 at the bottom of the slide rail 42. The slide rail 42 is located inside the frame sleeve 28 and can move within the frame sleeve 28. The slide rail 42 is also connected to the traction winch 43 via the steel wire rope 27. The front end of the slide rail 42 is connected to one end of the steel wire rope 27, and the other end of the steel wire rope 27 is connected to the traction winch 43 after passing through the pulley 7. The traction winch 43 is symmetrically arranged at the top front end of the suspension plate 11. The lifting ring 44 at the bottom of the slide rail 42 corresponds to the notch at the bottom of the frame sleeve 28.

[0059] The construction method for staged casting of the arch bottom lining of a hydraulic tunnel includes the following steps:

[0060] Step 1: Fabricate structural components;

[0061] The factory customizes telescopic strut hangers, suspension plates 11, arc-shaped scraper templates 22, and support-type anti-buoyancy frames, etc. Specifically, screw holes 38 are pre-drilled at the top of the telescopic crossbars 1, and two telescopic crossbars 1 are connected by telescopic sleeves 5. The telescopic crossbars 1 can be adjusted in telescopic extension and retraction within the telescopic sleeves 5. Arc support plates 10 are welded to the top of the suspension plates 11, and rotating shafts 13 and vertical rods 29 are welded to the bottom of the suspension plates 11. At the same time, telescopic jacks 31 are installed at the bottom of both ends of the suspension plates 11. Construction is welded to the top of the arc-shaped scraper templates 22. Platform 25, with pad blocks 21 evenly welded to the bottom of the arc-shaped scraper template 22 and the bottom of the construction platform 25, sleeve 16 and ear plate 26 welded to the top of the construction platform 25, and sleeve hoop 15 welded to the top end of the arc-shaped scraper template 22; lifting jack 36 is set in the center of the top of the construction platform 25, the middle part of the anti-buoyancy support rod 12 is welded into a whole by the horizontal connector 37, the side of the round support plate 20 is welded to the middle side of the anti-buoyancy support rod 12 by the connecting rod 23, and the top of the lifting rod 35 is welded to the bottom of the round support plate 20;

[0062] Step 2: Measurement and layout;

[0063] The installation positions of the casing hole 40 and the positioning anchor hole 41 are measured and laid out on the tunnel rock wall 9;

[0064] Step 3: Drill 9 holes in the tunnel rock wall;

[0065] Drill holes at the layout positions of casing hole 40 and positioning anchor hole 41 using a drilling rig;

[0066] Step 4: Install the telescopic strut hanger;

[0067] Install the sleeve 32 into the sleeve hole 40, then adjust the length of the telescopic crossbar 1, install the telescopic crossbars 1 at both ends of the telescopic sleeve 5 into the sleeve hole 40 respectively, and then use the screw 4 and the fixing nut 6 to fix the telescopic sleeve 5 and the telescopic crossbar 1.

[0068] Step 5: Install positioning anchor bars 18 and bottom slab reinforcement cage 19;

[0069] Install the positioning anchor bar 18 in the positioning anchor bar hole 41, then hoist the bottom plate steel cage 19 into place, and weld the bottom plate steel cage 19 to the positioning anchor bar 18 for secure installation.

[0070] Step Six: Installation of Suspended Support Type Scraper Rail Formwork:

[0071] Place the arc-shaped scraper template 22 on top of the positioning anchor bar 18, and then install the concrete pump 17 in front of the construction platform 25;

[0072] Step 7: Install the bracing-type anti-buoyancy frame:

[0073] Install the support-type anti-buoyancy frame on the construction platform 25. Specifically, install the bottom of the anti-buoyancy support rod 12 on the support-type anti-buoyancy frame into the sleeve 16, and then adjust the lifting jack 36 to the set height.

[0074] Step 8: Construction of the slide rail frame;

[0075] First, adjust the telescopic jack 31 on the slide rail frame so that the telescopic rod 30 reaches the set position and the top of the arc support plate 10 is connected to the bottom of the telescopic crossbar 1. Then, use screws 2 and nuts 3 to lock the telescopic crossbar 1, arc support plate 10 and suspension plate 11 together. Then, traction winches 43 are symmetrically arranged at the front end of the suspension plate 11.

[0076] Step 9: Connect the suspended support type scraper template to the slide rail frame;

[0077] Adjust the telescopic jack 31 so that the bottom height of the telescopic rod 30 matches the height of the sleeve 15; connect the telescopic rod 30 on the slide rail frame to the sleeve 15, and then lock the telescopic rod 30 and the sleeve 15 with the plug pin 14.

[0078] Step 10: Install slide rail 42;

[0079] A slide rail 42 is installed inside the frame sleeve 28 above the arc-shaped scraper template 22. At the same time, a lifting ring 44 is connected to the ear plate 26 using a steel wire rope 27. The lifting ring 44 is aligned with the notch at the bottom of the frame sleeve 28 to ensure that the lifting ring 44 can slide through the notch at the bottom of the frame sleeve 28. Meanwhile, the front end of the slide rail 42 is connected to the traction winch 43 set at the top front end of the suspension plate 11 using a steel wire rope 27 to ensure that the central axis of the slide rail 42 is on the same horizontal line as the bottom of the pulley 7 and the central axis of the frame sleeve 28.

[0080] Step 11: Slipforming casting of the tunnel's curved bottom slab:

[0081] Adjust the lifting jack 36 on the support-type anti-buoyancy frame. Under the lifting of the lifting rod 35, the round support plate 20 on the support-type anti-buoyancy frame drives the anti-buoyancy support rod 12 on the support-type anti-buoyancy frame to move upward as a whole until the anti-buoyancy support rod 12 touches the bottom of the suspension plate 11. Then start the concrete pump 17 to pour the tunnel arc bottom plate.

[0082] Step 12: Pour the next section of the curved base slab until construction is complete;

[0083] When constructing the next section of the arc-shaped base plate, first adjust the lifting jack 36 so that the anti-buoyancy support rod 12 moves downward as a whole. Then remove the plug pin 14 and start the telescopic jack 31 so that the telescopic rod 30 moves upward until it is freed from the sleeve 15. Then start the traction winch 43 to drive the slide rail 42 to move. The slide rail 42 drives the arc-shaped scraper template 22 to slide forward. When the arc-shaped scraper template 22 moves forward, it plays a role in smoothing the concrete.

[0084] Repeat steps nine through twelve until the entire tunnel's curved bottom slab is poured.

Claims

1. A construction method for staged casting of the arch bottom invert lining in hydraulic tunnels, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step 1: Fabricate structural components: This invention relates to the manufacture of telescopic strut hangers, slide rail frames, suspended support type scraper templates, and pressure-type anti-buoyancy frames. The telescopic strut hangers include telescopic crossbars, telescopic sleeves, and sleeves; one end of the telescopic crossbar is connected to the sleeve. The suspended support type scraper template includes clamps, sleeves, pads, arc-shaped scraper templates, construction platforms, and ear plates. The pressure-type anti-buoyancy frame includes anti-buoyancy struts, round support plates, connecting rods, lifting rods, and horizontal bracing; the bottom of the lifting rod is connected to a lifting jack. The slide rail frame includes pulleys, arc support plates, suspension plates, rotating shafts, frame clamps, vertical rods, telescopic rods, and telescopic jacks; the bottom of the vertical rods is equipped with frame clamps, the telescopic jacks are connected to the telescopic rods, and the bottom of the rotating shaft is equipped with pulleys. When making the telescopic strut hanger, pre-drill screw holes at the top of the telescopic crossbar and connect the two telescopic crossbars with a telescopic sleeve; When making the slide rail frame, an arc support plate is welded to the top of the suspension plate, and a rotating shaft and vertical rod are welded to the bottom of the suspension plate. At the same time, telescopic jacks are installed at the bottom of both ends of the suspension plate. When making the suspended support type scraper formwork, a construction platform is welded to the top of the arc-shaped scraper formwork, pads are evenly welded to the top of the arc-shaped scraper formwork and the bottom of the construction platform, sleeves and ear plates are welded to the top of the construction platform, and a sleeve is welded to the top end of the arc-shaped scraper formwork; a lifting jack is set in the center of the top of the construction platform. When making the support-type anti-buoyancy frame, the middle parts of two adjacent anti-buoyancy support rods are welded together as a whole using horizontal bracing, the side of the round support plate is welded to the middle side of the anti-buoyancy support rod using connecting rods, and the top of the lifting rod is welded to the bottom of the round support plate. Step 2, Measurement and Layout: Measure and lay out the installation positions of the casing holes and anchor bolt holes on the tunnel rock wall; Step 3: Drilling holes in the tunnel rock wall: Drill holes at the marked locations of the casing hole and the positioning anchor hole using a drilling rig; Step 4: Install the telescopic strut hanger: Install the sleeve into the sleeve hole, then adjust the length of the telescopic crossbar, install the telescopic crossbars at both ends of the telescopic sleeve into the sleeve hole respectively, and then fix the telescopic sleeve and the telescopic crossbar with screws and fixing nuts; Step 5: Install positioning anchor bars and bottom plate reinforcement cage: Install positioning anchor bars in the positioning anchor bar holes, then hoist the bottom plate reinforcement cage into place, and weld the bottom plate reinforcement cage to the positioning anchor bars for secure installation. Step 6: Installation of suspended support type scraper formwork: Place the arc-shaped scraper formwork on top of the positioning anchor bars, and then install the concrete pump in front of the construction platform; Step 7: Install the support-type anti-buoyancy frame: Install the support-type anti-buoyancy frame on the construction platform, install the bottom of the anti-buoyancy support rods on the support-type anti-buoyancy frame into the sleeves, and then adjust the lifting jacks to the set height; Step 8, Slide rail frame construction: First, adjust the telescopic jacks on the slide rail frame so that the telescopic rod reaches the set position and the top of the arc support plate is connected with the bottom of the telescopic crossbar. Then, lock the telescopic crossbar, arc support plate and suspension plate together with screws and nuts. Arrange traction winches symmetrically at the front end of the suspension plate. Step 9: Connect the suspended support type scraper template and the slide rail frame: Adjust the telescopic jack so that the bottom height of the telescopic rod matches the height of the sleeve; connect the telescopic rod and the sleeve on the slide rail frame, and then lock the telescopic rod and the sleeve with the insert pin; Step 10: Install the slide rail: Install the slide rail inside the frame sleeve above the arc-shaped scraper template. At the same time, use a wire rope to connect the lifting ring to the ear plate. Align the lifting ring with the notch at the bottom of the frame sleeve to ensure that the lifting ring can slide in the notch at the bottom of the frame sleeve. At the same time, use a wire rope to connect the front end of the slide rail to the traction winch set at the front end of the suspension plate. Step 11: Slip-form casting of the tunnel's curved bottom slab; Step 12: Pour the next section of the curved base slab until construction is completed: When constructing the next section of the curved base slab, first adjust the lifting jacks to move the anti-buoyancy support rods downward as a whole. Then remove the pins and start the telescopic jacks to move the telescopic rods upward until they are free from the sleeves. Then start the traction winch to move the slide rails. The slide rails move the curved scraper templates forward. When the curved scraper templates move forward, they smooth the concrete. Repeat steps nine through twelve until the entire tunnel's curved bottom slab is poured.

2. The construction method for staged casting of the arch bottom lining of a hydraulic tunnel according to claim 1, characterized in that, Telescopic strut hangers are used to suspend suspended panels.

3. The construction method for staged casting of the arch bottom lining of a hydraulic tunnel according to claim 1, characterized in that, The suspended support type scraper formwork is used for the construction of the arc-shaped bottom slab of the tunnel. The top of the arc-shaped scraper formwork is equipped with a construction platform, and a pad is provided between the construction platform and the top of the arc-shaped scraper formwork. The top of the construction platform is symmetrically equipped with ear plates and sleeves on both sides, and the top of the arc-shaped scraper formwork is symmetrically equipped with hoops on both sides. The sides of the hoops are equipped with hoop pre-reserved holes, and the bottom of the telescopic rod is equipped with a insertion hole. The bottom of the telescopic rod extends into the hoops and connects with the hoops. The insertion and removal of pins simultaneously pass through the insertion hole and the hoop pre-reserved hole, and the telescopic rod and the hoops are fixed by inserting and removing the pins.

4. The construction method for staged casting of the arch bottom lining of a hydraulic tunnel according to claim 1, characterized in that, The aforementioned support-type anti-buoyancy frame is used to prevent the arc-shaped scraper template from floating during the construction of the arc-shaped base plate. The horizontal bracing is connected to the middle of the side wall of two adjacent anti-buoyancy support rods. The middle side wall of the anti-buoyancy support rod is connected to the outer side wall of the circular support plate through a connecting rod. The connecting rods are arranged radially relative to the center of the circular support plate. A lifting rod is provided below the center of the bottom of the circular support plate. The lifting jack is located at the center of the top of the construction platform. The sleeve is connected to the bottom of the anti-buoyancy support rod. The top of the anti-buoyancy support rod is supported on the bottom of the suspension plate. A concrete pump is provided at the front end of the construction platform, and a pouring pipe is provided on the concrete pump.

5. The construction method for staged casting of the arch bottom lining of a hydraulic tunnel according to claim 1, characterized in that, The top of the suspension plate is uniformly welded with arc support plates, and vertical rods and telescopic jacks are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the bottom of the suspension plate. A pivot is symmetrically arranged at the front end of the bottom of the suspension plate. A notch is provided in the center of the bottom of the frame sleeve. The telescopic rod is set at the lower end of the telescopic jack.

6. The construction method for staged casting of the arch bottom invert lining of a hydraulic tunnel according to claim 1, characterized in that, The telescopic crossbar has a screw hole at the top, the arc support plate has an arc support plate pre-reserved opening at the top, and the suspension plate has a pre-reserved hole at the top. The arc support plate is located at the bottom of the telescopic crossbar and is also located above the suspension plate. The screw passes through the screw hole, the arc support plate pre-reserved opening, and the pre-reserved hole. The screw is connected to a nut, and the nut is used to fasten the telescopic crossbar, the arc support plate, and the suspension plate.

7. The construction method for staged casting of the arch bottom lining of a hydraulic tunnel according to claim 1, characterized in that, The central axis of the slide rail is on the same horizontal line as the bottom of the pulley and the central axis of the frame sleeve. The front end of the slide rail is connected to one end of the wire rope, and the other end of the wire rope is connected to the traction winch after passing through the pulley.

8. The construction method for staged casting of the arch bottom lining of a hydraulic tunnel according to claim 1, characterized in that, The specific method for step eleven is as follows: Adjust the lifting jacks, and under the lifting of the lifting rod, the circular support plate on the support-type anti-buoyancy frame will drive the anti-buoyancy support rod on the support-type anti-buoyancy frame to move upward as a whole until the anti-buoyancy support rod touches the bottom of the suspension plate. Then start the concrete pump to pour the arc-shaped bottom plate of the tunnel.

9. The characteristic of the staged casting of the arch bottom lining of a hydraulic tunnel is that... The method described in any one of claims 1-8 for constructing the arc-bottom inverted arch lining of a hydraulic tunnel by pouring the lining in stages is used.

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