A device for multi-physical simulation of slope in open-pit coal mine

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of slope multi-physical simulation devices for open-pit coal mine, it belongs to open-pit coal mine slope protection technical field, the slope multi-physical simulation devices for open-pit coal mine includes several sequentially arranged model boxes, each model box top is equipped with opening, along the direction of sequentially arranged model box sequentially arranged direction both ends any one model box is first model box, the rest several model boxes are second model box, the side wall outside of first model box away from second model box is equipped with side push subassembly, the base plate is equipped under the several model boxes, the lifting assembly and fixed rotating assembly are equipped under the base plate, and sensor assembly is equipped in the several model boxes.The application is simulated by using lifting assembly and side push subassembly to exert different directions force to model box, to simulate the state when slope is subjected to different force, realize the slope multi-physical simulation of open-pit coal mine.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application belongs to the technical field of slope protection of open-pit coal mines, and particularly relates to a slope multi-physical simulation device for open-pit coal mines. BACKGROUND

[0002] Slope hazards refer to natural disasters and engineering problems caused by slope instability. Specifically, slope instability can lead to serious consequences, such as massive soil sliding down a certain sliding surface, causing devastating landslide disasters; debris flow disasters caused by a mixture of large amounts of silt, stones, and water; and even ground subsidence, causing serious economic and social problems.

[0003] Slope instability not only affects the normal production of coal mines, but also can cause major safety accidents, threatening life and property safety. The study of slope stability under the action of multiple physical fields is a current difficulty and hotspot in this field.

[0004] Slope instability has been recognized as a major natural disaster, and its consequences cannot be ignored. Their relatively wide and random spatial distribution limits the possibility of effectively monitoring such phenomena through direct observation, and their rapid development makes it difficult to identify reliable precursors. Therefore, the study of simulating slope instability is particularly important. SUMMARY

[0005] Based on the technical problems existing in the prior art, the present application provides a slope multi-physical simulation device for open-pit coal mines.

[0006] According to the technical scheme of the present application, a slope multi-physical simulation device for open-pit coal mines is provided, which includes a plurality of model boxes arranged in sequence, each of the model boxes is provided with an opening at the top, and any one of the model boxes at the ends along the arrangement direction of the model boxes arranged in sequence is a first model box, and the remaining model boxes are second model boxes. A side pushing assembly is arranged on the outer side of the side wall of the first model box away from the second model box. A base plate is arranged below the plurality of model boxes. A lifting assembly and a fixed rotating assembly are arranged below the base plate. A sensor assembly is arranged in the plurality of model boxes.

[0007] Further improvement of the present application is that the base plate includes a first base plate and a second base plate, the first base plate is arranged below the first model box, and the second base plate is arranged below the plurality of second model boxes.

[0008] Further, the lifting assembly comprises a hydraulic controller, a hydraulic station, a valve group, a plurality of hydraulic cylinders, a plurality of hydraulic sensors and hydraulic rotating assemblies, two ends of each of the hydraulic cylinders are rotationally connected with a hydraulic rotating assembly, the outer side wall of each of the hydraulic cylinders is fixed with a hydraulic sensor, the plurality of hydraulic cylinders are in communication with the valve group, the valve group is in communication with the hydraulic station, and the hydraulic controller is electrically connected with the hydraulic station, the valve group and the plurality of hydraulic sensors respectively.

[0009] Further, the plurality of hydraulic cylinders comprise two first hydraulic cylinders and a plurality of second hydraulic cylinders, the two first hydraulic cylinders are arranged outside the first side wall and the second side wall of the first model box, the first side wall and the second side wall are parallel to the arrangement direction of the model boxes arranged in sequence, and the plurality of second hydraulic cylinders are arranged below the base plate.

[0010] Further, the lifting assembly further comprises a support and a fence, the fence surrounds the base plate, the support comprises a plurality of support columns arranged outside the fence in a uniform manner, and the top portions of the plurality of support columns are connected with each other through a support beam.

[0011] Further, one reinforcing rod is arranged outside each of the two walls parallel to the arrangement direction of the plurality of model boxes, the reinforcing rod is fixedly arranged above the base plate, and a plurality of reinforcing ribs are uniformly arranged between the reinforcing rod and the side walls of the model boxes.

[0012] Further, the side wall of the model box is provided with a soil inlet, and geotextile is arranged above the bottom surface of the model box.

[0013] Further, the model box is provided with a counterforce beam, a plurality of loading points are uniformly arranged on the counterforce beam, and the loading points slide on the counterforce beam.

[0014] Further, the side pushing assembly comprises a plurality of side pushing rods, a side pushing plate and a side pushing controller, one end of each of the side pushing rods, away from the first model box, is connected with the output end of the power assembly, the other end of each of the side pushing rods, close to the first model box, is fixedly connected with the side pushing plate, the side pushing plate is perpendicular to the side pushing rods, a displacement sensor is fixed on each of the side pushing rods, and the displacement sensor and the power assembly are electrically connected with the side pushing controller.

[0015] Further, a beam-type crane is arranged above the support beam.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the slope multi-physical simulation device for the open-pit coal mine has the following beneficial technical effects:

[0017] 1. This invention uses lifting and side-pushing components to apply forces in different directions to the model box, thereby simulating the state of a slope under different forces and realizing multi-physics simulation of the slope.

[0018] 2. By setting a first substrate and a second substrate, the present invention enables the first model box and the second model box above to simulate different situations respectively, thereby more fully demonstrating complex environments and improving simulation accuracy;

[0019] 3. This invention increases the downward force by setting a reaction beam, increases the number of simulable situations, and achieves a high degree of realism for different geological conditions. Attached Figure Description

[0020] The accompanying drawings are provided to better understand the invention and are not intended to unduly limit the scope of the invention. Wherein:

[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a multi-physics simulation device for slopes in open-pit coal mines according to the present invention;

[0022] Figure 2 This is a side view of a multi-physics simulation device for slopes in open-pit coal mines according to the present invention;

[0023] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the hydraulic rotating component in a multiphysics simulation device for slopes in open-pit coal mines according to the present invention.

[0024] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the lifting component in a multi-physics simulation device for slopes in open-pit coal mines according to the present invention.

[0025] Reference numerals in the attached drawings: 1. Base plate; 2. Model box; 21. First model box; 22. Second model box; 3. Lifting assembly; 31. Hydraulic controller; 32. Hydraulic station; 33. Valve group; 34. Hydraulic cylinder; 341. First hydraulic cylinder; 342. Second hydraulic cylinder; 35. Hydraulic sensor; 36. Hydraulic rotation assembly; 361. Side plate; 362. Fixing plate; 4. Side push assembly; 41. Side push rod; 42. Side push plate; 5. Reinforcing rod; 6. Reinforcing rib; 7. Reaction beam; 71. Loading point. Detailed Implementation

[0026] The following description, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, illustrates exemplary embodiments of the present invention, including various details to aid understanding. These details should be considered merely exemplary. Therefore, those skilled in the art will recognize that various changes and modifications can be made to the embodiments described herein without departing from the scope and spirit of the invention. Similarly, for clarity and brevity, descriptions of well-known functions and structures are omitted in the following description.

[0027] This invention provides a multi-physics simulation device for slopes in open-pit coal mines, comprising a plurality of model boxes arranged in sequence, each model box having an opening at its top. Any one of the model boxes at either end of the sequential arrangement direction is a first model box, and the remaining model boxes are second model boxes. A side-pushing component is provided on the outer side wall of the first model box away from the second model box. A base plate is provided below the plurality of model boxes, and a lifting component and a fixed rotation component are provided below the base plate. A sensor component is provided inside the plurality of model boxes.

[0028] The following description, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments, further illustrates the multi-physics simulation device for slopes in open-pit coal mines according to the present invention.

[0029] Example One

[0030] A multiphysics simulation device for slopes in open-pit coal mines, such as Figures 1-2 As shown, the model includes several model boxes 2 arranged in sequence. Each model box 2 has an opening at the top. Any one of the model boxes 2 at either end of the arrangement direction of the model boxes is a first model box 21, and the remaining model boxes 2 are second model boxes 22. A side-pushing component 4 is provided on the outer side wall of the first model box 21 away from the second model box 22. A base plate 1 is provided below the model boxes 2. A lifting component 3 and a fixed rotation component are provided below the base plate 1. A sensor component is provided inside the model boxes 2.

[0031] Specifically, the model box 2 has an opening at the top for easy material loading and unloading, and it is also convenient to set up a rainfall simulation component above the model box 2 to simulate the actual environment.

[0032] Specifically, such as Figure 1 As shown, in the plurality of model boxes 2 arranged in sequence, as Figure 1 As shown, taking the arrangement direction from left to right as an example, the first model box 21 is either the leftmost or rightmost model box 2. When the first model box 21 is the rightmost model box, a side-pushing component 4 is provided on the outer side of the right side wall of the first model box 21. By setting multiple model boxes 2 to deflect to different degrees, a complex environment can be simulated.

[0033] Specifically, a lifting assembly 3 and a fixed rotating assembly are respectively provided on both sides of the bottom surface of the base plate 1 along the arrangement direction of the model box 2. When the lifting assembly 3 rises / falls, it drives the base plate 1 to rotate around the fixed rotating assembly, thereby adjusting the angle between the model box 2 and the ground to achieve simulation.

[0034] Specifically, the substrate 1 includes a first substrate and a second substrate, the first substrate is arranged below the first model box 21, the second substrate is arranged below the second model box 22, the second substrates below different second model boxes 22 are fixedly connected, and the first substrate and the second substrate are only in an adjacent relationship. By arranging the first substrate and the second substrate, the simulation types can be increased, the first model box 21 and the second model box 22 can be flipped at the same time, or only the first model box 21 or the second model box 22 can be flipped, and the simulation scene is more abundant.

[0035] Specifically, the side wall of the model box 2 is provided with an earth inlet, and geotextile is laid above the bottom surface of the model box 2. The opening and closing of the earth inlet can be controlled. For example, an inlet is formed in the side wall of the model box 2, an inlet baffle is arranged at the inlet, the inlet baffle is rotationally connected with the inlet side wall through a rotating shaft or a hinge, and the opening and closing of the earth inlet is controlled by controlling the angle of the inlet baffle. The inlet baffle and the inlet can also be slidingly connected, and the opening and closing of the earth inlet is controlled by sliding the inlet baffle. The geotextile is uniformly provided with counterweights. The geotextile is laid above the bottom surface of the model box 2 to enhance the adhesion of the bottom soil and simulate the soil layer condition in actual operation. The area of the geotextile laid above the bottom surface of the model box 2 is greater than that of the model box 2, so that the geotextile is not laid comprehensively. The counterweights are uniformly arranged above the geotextile and serve as fixing points of the geotextile. On the one hand, the counterweights play a role in assisting installation, and on the other hand, the counterweights can also prevent the geotextile from sliding and being laid unevenly.

[0036] Specifically, the device further includes a support and a fence. The fence is arranged around the substrate 1, and a preset safety distance is provided between the fence and the substrate 1 to prevent experimental soil from leaking during the flipping process. The support includes a plurality of support columns uniformly arranged outside the fence, and the top portions of the support columns are connected by a support beam. The support is arranged outside the model box 2 to facilitate adjustment of the components of the model box 2 from above, such as the addition of a counterforce beam or the addition of a rainfall device.

[0037] Specifically, each of the plurality of model boxes 2 is provided with a reinforcing rod 5 outside the two walls parallel to the arrangement direction, the reinforcing rod 5 is fixedly arranged above the substrate 1, and a plurality of reinforcing ribs 6 are uniformly arranged between the reinforcing rod 5 and the side wall of the model box 2. The reinforcing rod 5 is parallel to the arrangement direction, the projection of the reinforcing rib 6 on the bottom surface is perpendicular to the reinforcing rod 5, and the reinforcing rib 6 and the outer side wall of the model 2 form a triangular structure. The reinforcing rod 5 arranged on the first substrate and the reinforcing rod 5 arranged on the second substrate are designed in a split type and can move with the first substrate or / and the second substrate respectively. The reinforcing rib 6 and the outer side wall of the model 2 are designed in a triangular shape to improve stability.

[0038] Specifically, a beam crane is arranged above the support, and the beam crane slides on the support beam, so as to hoist components to the model box 2. Preferably, one support beam is arranged on each of two rows of support columns arranged along the arrangement direction of the model box 2, and the slide rails of the beam crane are fixedly arranged above the two support beams, so that the beam crane can slide along the slide rails above the model box 2 along the arrangement direction. A slide rod is arranged between the two slide rails, and a hoisting structure in sliding connection is arranged below the slide rod. The hoisting structure is slid in a direction perpendicular to the arrangement direction through the hoisting structure in sliding connection, so as to facilitate hoisting of internal components of the model box 2.

[0039] Specifically, the model box 2 is provided with a counterforce beam 7, and a plurality of loading points 71 are uniformly arranged on the counterforce beam 7. The loading points 71 slide on the counterforce beam 7. The loading points 71 are used to apply force to the counterforce beam 7. The counterforce beam 7 cannot be arranged between two adjacent second model boxes 22, so as to avoid damaging the connection between the two second model boxes 22 when the force is applied. The loading points 71 slide with the assistance of the beam crane. Preferably, the number of loading points 71 is two, the maximum force of each loading point 71 is 6T, and the maximum load is 160kpa. The counterforce beam 7 and the loading points 71 are arranged to apply force to the top of the model box 2, so as to simulate the upper force environment.

[0040] Specifically, as shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2 The side pushing assembly 4 includes a plurality of side pushing rods 41, a side pushing plate 42 and a side pushing controller. One end of the side pushing rod 41 away from the first model box 21 is connected with the output end of the power assembly. The other end of the side pushing rod 41 close to the first model box 21 is fixedly connected with the side pushing plate 42. The side pushing plate 42 is perpendicular to the side pushing rod 41. A displacement sensor is fixed on the side pushing rod 41. The displacement sensor and the power assembly are electrically connected with the side pushing controller. The side pushing plate 42 is arranged at the middle part of the side wall of the first model box 21, so as to facilitate uniform pushing. The power assembly is an electric motor or the like. The output end of the power assembly is connected with the side pushing rod 41. The side pushing plate 42 is driven by the side pushing rod 41 to push the first model box 21. The side pushing plate 42 is in the shape of a rectangle or a cross. The contact area with the first model 21 is increased by arranging the side pushing plate 42, so as to uniformly apply lateral force. The displacement sensor is used to obtain displacement data of the side pushing rod 41 and upload the displacement data to the displacement controller. The displacement controller generates a control instruction to adjust the output of the power assembly.

[0041] Preferably, there are 6 side push rods 41 and 6 side push plates 42, arranged in two rows of 3 each. The maximum loading area of ​​the side push plate 42 is 3m*3m. The power component is a loading cylinder, and the maximum loading force of each loading cylinder is 6T. During use, if there are too many side push points, the excess side push rods 41, side push plates 42 and power components are removed.

[0042] Specifically, such as Figure 4 As shown, the lifting assembly 3 includes a hydraulic controller 31, a hydraulic station 32, a valve group 33, several hydraulic cylinders 34, several hydraulic sensors 35, and a hydraulic rotation assembly 36. Each end of a hydraulic cylinder 34 is rotatably connected to a hydraulic rotation assembly 36. A hydraulic sensor 35 is fixed to the outer wall of each hydraulic cylinder 34. All hydraulic cylinders are connected to the valve group 33, which is connected to the hydraulic station 32. The hydraulic controller 31 is electrically connected to the hydraulic station 32, the valve group 33, and the hydraulic sensors 35. By setting a hydraulic rotation assembly 36 at each end of each hydraulic cylinder 34, the angle between the base plate 1 and the ground is controlled within a preset range. The hydraulic controller 31 controls the hydraulic station 32 to supply hydraulic fluid to the hydraulic cylinders 34 through the valve group 33 to achieve the extension and retraction function. The hydraulic sensors 35 acquire the working status of the hydraulic cylinders 34 and upload this status to the hydraulic controller 31. The hydraulic controller 31 not only controls the opening / closing status of the valve group 33, but also controls the pressure of the hydraulic station 32, thereby controlling the extension and retraction length and speed of the hydraulic cylinder 34.

[0043] Specifically, the plurality of hydraulic cylinders 34 includes two first hydraulic cylinders 341 and a plurality of second hydraulic cylinders 342. The two first hydraulic cylinders 341 are respectively disposed outside the first side wall and the second side wall of the first model box 21. The first side wall and the second side wall are both parallel to the arrangement direction. The plurality of second hydraulic cylinders 342 are all disposed below the base plate 1. The bottom of each first hydraulic cylinder 341 is connected to the first base plate through a hydraulic rotating assembly 36. The top of each first hydraulic cylinder 341 is connected to the first side wall or the second side wall of the first model box 21 through a hydraulic rotating assembly 36. There is an angle between the first hydraulic cylinder 341 and the first side wall or the second side wall, which facilitates the tilting of the first model box 21. When the first model box 21 is tilted under the action of the first hydraulic cylinder 341, the side of the first model box 21 with the side push assembly 4 rises, and the side adjacent to the second model box 22 falls.

[0044] Specifically, each of the hydraulic rotating assembly 36 or the fixed rotating assembly comprises two side plates 361 and a fixed plate 362, the fixed plate 362 is vertically fixed with two side plates 361 which are parallel to each other, and a part to be installed is arranged between the two side plates 361 and is rotatably connected with the two side plates 361. The difference between the hydraulic rotating assembly 36 and the fixed rotating assembly is only that the part to be installed is different. For the hydraulic rotating assembly 36, the part to be installed is the top end or the bottom end of the hydraulic cylinder 34, and for the fixed rotating assembly, the part to be installed is the fixed leg arranged below the base plate 1. The rotating direction is limited by the two side plates 361 to avoid excessive deflection. For the fixed rotating assembly and the hydraulic rotating assembly 36 whose part to be installed is the bottom end of the second hydraulic cylinder 342, a plurality of pre-installation holes are arranged on the fixed plate, the pre-installation holes are matched with the vertical part of the J-shaped anchor, the curved part of the J-shaped anchor is in contact with the ground, and when installed, the curved part is buried in the concrete in advance, and only the vertical part needs to be inserted into the pre-installation hole for fixation, so that the installation can be quickly completed and the fixation effect is stable.

[0045] Preferably, the hydraulic cylinder 34 has nine, of which two first hydraulic cylinders 341, and the remaining seven second hydraulic cylinders 342, two of which are arranged between the second base plate and the ground, and the remaining five second hydraulic cylinders are evenly arranged below the second base plate according to the arrangement direction. Through this arrangement, the separate overturning of the first model box 21 and the combined overturning of a plurality of second model boxes 22, or the overturning of all model boxes 2 together, can be realized. The hydraulic cylinder 34 is controlled by a control system to set the working area of a plurality of hydraulic cylinders 34, the lifting distance, and the lifting height.

[0046] Preferably, the hydraulic controller is a PLC controller, which can realize various simulation requirements such as simultaneous lifting or separate lifting of the model box 2. Nine hydraulic cylinders are 240 type multi-stage single-acting hydraulic cylinders, the synchronization accuracy between different hydraulic cylinders 34 is 1mm, the oil tank volume of the hydraulic station is 1600 liters, and high-quality hydraulic oil pipes are used between the hydraulic station 32, the valve group 33 and the hydraulic cylinder 34 to avoid damage to the liquid path during work. The second hydraulic cylinder 342 under the second base plate adopts a redundant design, which allows normal lifting work even if two second hydraulic cylinders 342 are lost, preventing accidents. The hydraulic assembly is cooled by a water cooling machine to prevent accidents caused by high temperature.

[0047] Example Two

[0048] A slope multi-physical simulation method based on the slope multi-physical simulation device for an open-pit coal mine in Embodiment 1, comprising the following steps:

[0049] applying a lateral force to the plurality of model boxes 2 through the side pushing assembly 4;

[0050] The several model boxes 2 above the base plate 1 are turned over around the fixed rotating assembly by the lifting assembly 3 rising upward;

[0051] The physical parameters in the turning over and lateral force applying process are obtained through the sensor assembly.

[0052] The physical parameters are used for analyzing the parameter change corresponding to the current simulation condition.

[0053] Preferably, the model boxes 2 are three, and the internal dimensions of the three are the same, which are 16m*6.1m*3m (length* width*height). The inner bottom surface size of the model box 2 is 5.5m*6.1m. There are the following working conditions:

[0054] Working condition one: all the model boxes 2 are simultaneously laterally turned over by 0-60° as a whole under the action of the second hydraulic cylinder 342.

[0055] Working condition two: the first model box 21 is individually laterally turned over by 0-60° under the action of the second hydraulic cylinder 342 under the first base plate, at this time, the second hydraulic cylinder 342 under the second base plate does not work.

[0056] Working condition three: several second model boxes 22 are simultaneously laterally turned over by 0-60°.

[0057] The first model box 21 is laterally turned over by 0-60°, and several second model boxes 22 are simultaneously laterally turned over by 0-60°, and the lateral turning over speeds of the two can be different, and they can be used at the same time.

[0058] Specifically, in the simulation process, whether the current simulated slope is safe is judged by calculating the safety factor, before calculating the safety factor, the normal stress and shear stress of the model box bottom surface are calculated first, and the safety factor is calculated according to the following formula:

[0059] σ=(W*cosθ) / A;

[0060] τ= F 侧 / A;

[0061] In the formula, σ is the normal stress of the model box bottom surface, the unit is kPa; τ is the shear stress, the unit is kPa; F 侧 is the total lateral thrust output of the lateral thrust assembly at the current moment, the unit is kN, which is obtained by adding the output of each lateral thrust rod; A is the bottom area of the model box, the unit is m 2 ; θ is the inclination angle of the model box, which is obtained through the running parameters of the hydraulic cylinder, °.

[0062] F s =(c′+ σ · tan φ) / τ;

[0063] F = c tan(φ) where F s is the safety factor, c is the effective cohesion of the soil, in kPa, and φ is the effective internal friction angle of the soil, in °. c and φ are obtained by fitting the critical sliding test, which is obtained by adjusting the inclination angle of the model box, recording the data at the moment of sliding, and then fitting the fitting formula according to the data at the moment of sliding, and then obtaining c and φ according to the intercept and slope of the fitting formula.

[0064] Specifically, for a plurality of hydraulic cylinders 34, a certain synchronization rate needs to be maintained to achieve the inclination control of the plurality of model boxes, and whether the synchronization rate meets the requirements is determined by calculating the synchronization error, and the calculation method of the synchronization error is as follows:

[0065] e = max|Δl j Δl|;

[0066] Δl = (ΣΔl j ) / n;

[0067] where e is the synchronization error, in mm; Δl j is the real-time elongation of the jth hydraulic cylinder, in mm; n is the total number of hydraulic cylinders in operation, and when the value of e is less than or equal to 1 mm, it is judged as synchronization qualified, and the subsequent simulation operation is normally carried out, and when the value of e is greater than 1 mm, the lengths of the hydraulic cylinders that have been stretched and contracted are compared with the average length of all the hydraulic cylinders that have been stretched and contracted, so that the hydraulic cylinders with larger errors are selected for debugging, and after the debugging is completed, the synchronization error is recalculated until the synchronization error is less than or equal to 1 mm.

[0068] Specifically, during the simulation, the inclination angle, normal stress, shear stress and sliding identifier of each round of simulation are recorded, and the sliding identifier includes 1 and 0, 1 indicating sliding and 0 indicating no sliding, and whether sliding occurs is determined according to whether there is a sudden increase in displacement.

[0069] Specifically, during the simulation, the new inclination angle, the new normal stress, the new shear stress and the new sliding identifier are obtained, the new values and the historical data are calculated to obtain a plurality of similarities, and then the comprehensive similarity weight is calculated according to the plurality of similarities, and the sliding probability is predicted through the comprehensive similarity weight.

[0070] Specifically, the plurality of similarities include slope similarity and stress similarity, and the calculation formulas of the two are as follows:

[0071] w= exp( |θn θk| / θr );

[0072] θr=5°;

[0073] wherein w is a slope similarity, θn is a target slope of the new scheme, θk is a historical slope of the kth group, and θr is a slope decay constant; preferably, θr = 5°.

[0074]

[0075] σr = 10 kPa;

[0076] wherein d is a stress similarity, σn is a target normal stress of the new scheme, τn is a target shear stress of the new scheme, σk is a historical normal stress of the kth group, τk is a historical shear stress of the kth group, and σr is a stress normalization constant; preferably, σr is 10 kPa.

[0077] Specifically, the comprehensive similarity weight is calculated according to the profit similarity and the slope similarity, and the calculation formula is as follows:

[0078] Wk = w*exp( d) / Σ(w*exp( dk));

[0079] P = Σ(Wk*Ik);

[0080] P ∈ [0, 1];

[0081] wherein Wk is a comprehensive similarity weight of the kth group of historical tests relative to the new scheme, and Ik is a historical sliding identifier of the kth group.

[0082] Specifically, when P is less than 0.3, the historical risk is low, and the pressure can be continuously increased; when P is less than or equal to 0.7 and greater than or equal to 0.3, it indicates a medium risk, and the subsequent test process needs to be closely observed. When P is greater than 0.7, it indicates a high historical risk, and it is suggested to reduce θ or F 侧 redesign the new scheme.

[0083] Those skilled in the art can clearly understand that, for the convenience and brevity of description, only the above-mentioned division of each functional unit and module is exemplified, and in actual application, the above-mentioned functions can be completed by different functional units and modules according to needs, that is, the internal structure of the device is divided into different functional units or modules to complete all or part of the functions described above. Each functional unit and module in the embodiment can be integrated in one processing unit, or each unit can exist physically independently, or two or more units can be integrated in one unit. The integrated unit can be realized in the form of hardware or in the form of software functional unit. In addition, the specific names of each functional unit and module are only for the convenience of mutual distinction, and do not limit the protection scope of the present application. The specific working process of the units and modules in the above system can refer to the corresponding process in the foregoing method embodiments, and will not be repeated here.

[0084] The above specific embodiments do not constitute a limitation on the protection scope of the present application. Those skilled in the art should understand that various modifications, combinations, sub-combinations and substitutions can occur depending on design requirements and other factors. Any modification, equivalent replacement and improvement within the spirit and principles of the present application should be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A multiphysics simulation method for slopes in open-pit coal mines, characterized in that, It includes several model boxes (2) arranged in sequence. Each model box (2) has an opening at the top. Any one of the model boxes (2) at both ends of the arrangement direction of the model boxes (2) is the first model box (21), and the remaining model boxes (2) are the second model boxes (22). The side wall of the first model box (21) away from the second model box (22) is provided with a side push assembly (4). A base plate (1) is provided below the model boxes (2). A lifting assembly (3) and a fixed rotation assembly are provided below the base plate (1). A sensor assembly is provided inside the model boxes (2). The lifting assembly (3) includes a hydraulic controller (31), a hydraulic station (32), a valve group (33), several hydraulic cylinders (34), several hydraulic sensors (35), and a hydraulic rotating assembly (36). Each end of the hydraulic cylinder (34) is rotatably connected to a hydraulic rotating assembly (36). A hydraulic sensor (35) is fixed on the outer wall of the hydraulic cylinder (34). Several hydraulic cylinders are connected to the valve group (33). The valve group (33) is connected to the hydraulic station (32). The hydraulic controller (31) is electrically connected to the hydraulic station (32), the valve group (33), and several hydraulic sensors (35) respectively. The normal stress and shear force on the bottom surface of the model box are calculated based on the physical parameters. σ = (W * cosθ) / A; τ= F 侧 / A; In the formula, σ is the normal stress on the bottom surface of the model box; τ is the shear stress; F 侧 θ represents the lateral thrust output by the side thrust component at the current moment; A is the bottom area of ​​the model box; θ is the tilt angle of the model box. For several hydraulic cylinders (34), a certain synchronization rate needs to be maintained in order to achieve tilt control of multiple simulated boxes. Whether the synchronization rate meets the requirements is determined by calculating the synchronization error. The method for calculating the synchronization error is as follows: e = max|Δl j Δl|; Δl = (ΣΔl j ) / n; In the formula, e is the synchronization error in mm; Δl j Let e ​​be the real-time elongation of the j-th hydraulic cylinder, in mm; n is the total number of hydraulic cylinders currently in operation. When the value of e is less than or equal to 1 mm, the synchronization is considered qualified, and subsequent simulation operations can proceed normally. When the value of e is greater than 1 mm, the length of each hydraulic cylinder that has experienced extension and retraction is compared with the average length of all hydraulic cylinders that have experienced extension and retraction. The hydraulic cylinder with the larger error is then selected for debugging. After debugging, the synchronization error is recalculated until the synchronization error is less than or equal to 1 mm. During the simulation, the tilt angle, normal stress, shear stress, and sliding indicator are recorded for each round of simulation. The sliding indicator includes 1 and 0, where 1 indicates that sliding has occurred and 0 indicates that sliding has not occurred. Whether sliding has occurred is determined based on whether there is a sudden increase in displacement. During the simulation, new tilt angles, new normal stresses, new shear stresses, and new sliding indicators are obtained. Based on the new values ​​and historical data, several similarities are calculated, and then a comprehensive similarity weight is calculated based on these similarities. The sliding probability is then predicted using the comprehensive similarity weight. Several similarities include slope similarity and stress similarity, and the formulas for calculating both are as follows: w= exp( |θn θk| / θr ); θr = 5°; In the formula, w is the slope similarity, θn is the target slope of the new scheme, θk is the historical slope of the kth group, and θr is the slope attenuation constant, θr=5°; σr = 10 kPa; In the formula, d is the stress similarity, σn is the target normal stress of the new scheme, τn is the target shear stress of the new scheme, σk is the historical normal stress of the kth group, τk is the historical shear stress of the kth group, σr is the stress normalization constant, and σr is 10 kPa. The comprehensive similarity weight is calculated based on profitability similarity and slope similarity, and the calculation formula is as follows: Wk = w*exp( d) / Σ(w*exp( dk)); P=Σ( Wk*Ik ); P∈[0, 1]； In the formula, Wk is the comprehensive similarity weight of the k-th historical experiment group relative to the new scheme, and Ik is the sliding identifier of the k-th historical experiment group; When P is less than 0.3, the historical risk is low, and pressure can be increased further; When P is less than or equal to 0.7 and greater than or equal to 0.3, it indicates a medium risk, requiring close monitoring of subsequent trials; when P is greater than 0.7, it indicates a historically high risk, and it is recommended to reduce θ or F. 侧 Redesign the solution.

2. The multiphysics simulation method for slopes in open-pit coal mines according to claim 1, characterized in that, The substrate (1) includes a first substrate and a second substrate. The first substrate is disposed below the first model box (21), and the second substrate is disposed below a plurality of second model boxes (22).

3. The multiphysics simulation method for slopes in open-pit coal mines according to claim 1, characterized in that, The plurality of hydraulic cylinders (34) include two first hydraulic cylinders (341) and a plurality of second hydraulic cylinders (342). The two first hydraulic cylinders (341) are respectively disposed outside the first side wall and the second side wall of the first model box (21). The first side wall and the second side wall are parallel to the arrangement direction of the sequentially arranged model boxes (2). The plurality of second hydraulic cylinders (342) are disposed below the base plate (1).

4. The multiphysics simulation method for slopes in open-pit coal mines according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a support and a fence, the fence being arranged around the base plate (1), and the support including a number of pillars evenly arranged on the outside of the fence, the tops of the pillars being connected by a support beam.

5. The multiphysics simulation method for slopes in open-pit coal mines according to claim 1, characterized in that, A number of model boxes (2) are arranged in parallel with the arrangement direction of the model boxes (2) in sequence. Each of the two outer walls is provided with a reinforcing rod (5). The reinforcing rod (5) is fixedly set above the base plate (1). A number of reinforcing ribs (6) are evenly provided between the reinforcing rod (5) and the side wall of the model box (2).

6. The multiphysics simulation method for slopes in open-pit coal mines according to claim 1, characterized in that, The side wall of the model box (2) is provided with a soil inlet, and geotextile is laid on the top surface of the bottom of the model box (2).

7. The multiphysics simulation method for slopes in open-pit coal mines according to claim 1, characterized in that, The model box (2) is provided with a reaction beam (7), and a number of loading points (71) are evenly provided on the reaction beam (7). The loading points (71) slide on the reaction beam (7).

8. The multiphysics simulation method for slopes in open-pit coal mines according to claim 1, characterized in that, The side push assembly (4) includes several side push rods (41), a side push plate (42), and a side push controller. The end of the side push rod (41) away from the first model box (21) is connected to the output end of the power assembly. The end of the side push rod (41) close to the first model box (21) is fixedly connected to the side push plate (42). The side push plate (42) is perpendicular to the side push rod (41). A displacement sensor is fixed on the side push rod (41). The displacement sensor and the power assembly are both electrically connected to the side push controller.

9. A multiphysics simulation method for slopes in open-pit coal mines according to claim 4, characterized in that, A beam crane is installed above the support beam.

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