A device for simulating rainfall on a slope of an open cut coal mine

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of slope rainfall simulation device for open-pit coal mine, it belongs to the technical field of slope protection of open-pit coal mine, the slope rainfall simulation device for open-pit coal mine includes several sequentially arranged model boxes, each model box top is equipped with opening, each model box is equipped with rainfall simulation subassembly, along the direction of sequentially arranged, any one model box of two ends is first model box, the rest several model boxes are second model box, the side wall outside of first model box far from second model box is equipped with side push subassembly, the lower side of several model boxes is equipped with base plate, the lower side of base plate is equipped with lifting assembly and fixed rotating component, and several model boxes are equipped with sensor subassembly.The application is by using lifting assembly and side push subassembly to exert different directions force to model box, to simulate the state when slope is subjected to different force;The application is by being equipped with rainfall simulation subassembly, to simulate various conditions of slope after rain, to facilitate obtaining experimental data.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application belongs to the technical field of slope protection of open-pit coal mines, and particularly relates to a slope rainfall simulation device for open-pit coal mines. BACKGROUND

[0002] Slope hazards refer to natural disasters and engineering problems caused by slope instability. Specifically, slope instability can lead to serious consequences, such as massive soil sliding down a certain sliding surface, causing devastating landslide disasters; fluid composed of a large amount of mud, sand, and water mixture has extremely high destructive power, causing debris flow disasters; and even causing land subsidence, causing serious economic and social problems.

[0003] Slope instability not only affects the normal production of coal mines, but also can cause major safety accidents, threatening life and property safety. The study of slope stability under the action of multiple physical fields is also a difficulty and hotspot in the current field.

[0004] In addition, rainfall-induced slope instability has been recognized as a major natural disaster, and its consequences cannot be ignored. Their relatively wide and random spatial distribution limits the possibility of effectively monitoring such phenomena through direct observation, and their rapid development makes it difficult to identify reliable precursors. Therefore, the study of simulating slope instability is particularly important. SUMMARY

[0005] Based on the technical problems existing in the prior art, the present application provides a slope rainfall simulation device for open-pit coal mines to solve at least one of the above technical problems.

[0006] According to the technical scheme of the present application, the present application provides a slope rainfall simulation device for open-pit coal mines, which comprises a plurality of model boxes arranged in sequence, each of the model boxes is provided with an opening at the top, each of the model boxes is provided with a rainfall simulation assembly inside, any one of the model boxes at the ends of the sequence arrangement direction of the plurality of model boxes (2) is a first model box, the remaining plurality of model boxes are second model boxes, a side pushing assembly is arranged on the outer side of the side wall of the first model box away from the second model boxes, a base plate is arranged below the plurality of model boxes, a lifting assembly and a fixed rotating assembly are arranged below the base plate, and a sensor assembly is arranged in the plurality of model boxes.

[0007] Further improvement of the present application is that the rainfall simulation assembly comprises a rainfall controller, a water tank, a water pump, a nozzle rack, a spray head, and a rainfall sensor, the rainfall controller is electrically connected with the water pump, the spray head, and the rainfall sensor respectively, the nozzle rack is arranged in the model box, a plurality of groups of spray heads are arranged on the nozzle rack, the spray head and the water tank are connected in communication, and the water pump is arranged between the spray head and the water tank.

[0008] A further improvement of the present invention is that the substrate includes a first substrate and a second substrate, the first substrate being disposed below the first model box, and the second substrate being disposed below a plurality of second model boxes.

[0009] A further improvement of the present invention is that the lifting assembly includes a hydraulic controller, a hydraulic station, a valve group, several hydraulic cylinders, several hydraulic sensors, and a hydraulic rotating assembly. Each end of the hydraulic cylinder is rotatably connected to a hydraulic rotating assembly. A hydraulic sensor is fixed to the outer wall of the hydraulic cylinder. All of the hydraulic cylinders are connected to the valve group. The valve group is connected to the hydraulic station. The hydraulic controller is electrically connected to the hydraulic station, the valve group, and the several hydraulic sensors respectively.

[0010] A further improvement of the present invention is that the plurality of hydraulic cylinders includes two first hydraulic cylinders and a plurality of second hydraulic cylinders. The two first hydraulic cylinders are respectively disposed outside the first side wall and the second side wall of the first model box. The first side wall and the second side wall are both parallel to the arrangement direction of the plurality of sequentially arranged model boxes. The plurality of second hydraulic cylinders are all disposed below the base plate.

[0011] A further improvement of the present invention is that it also includes a support and a fence, the fence being arranged around the base plate, and the support including a plurality of pillars evenly arranged on the outside of the fence, the tops of the plurality of pillars being connected by a support beam.

[0012] A further improvement of the present invention is that, on the outer side of each of the two walls of the plurality of model boxes arranged in parallel with the arrangement direction of the plurality of model boxes, a reinforcing rod is provided, the reinforcing rod is fixedly disposed above the base plate, and a plurality of reinforcing ribs are uniformly provided between the reinforcing rod and the side wall of the model box.

[0013] A further improvement of the present invention is that the model box is provided with a reaction beam, and the reaction beam is uniformly provided with a plurality of loading points, which slide on the reaction beam.

[0014] A further improvement of the present invention is that the side push assembly includes a plurality of side push rods, a side push plate and a side push controller. The end of the side push rod away from the first model box is connected to the output end of the power assembly. The end of the side push rod close to the first model box is fixedly connected to the side push plate. The side push plate is perpendicular to the side push rod. A displacement sensor is fixed on the side push rod. The displacement sensor and the power assembly are both electrically connected to the side push controller.

[0015] A further improvement of the present invention is that the lower surface of the nozzle is provided with a plurality of nozzles, the outlet diameters of the plurality of nozzles are different from each other, and an electromagnetic valve is provided between the inlet and outlet of each nozzle, the electromagnetic valve being electrically connected to the rainfall controller.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the above technical scheme of the present application has the following beneficial technical effects:

[0017] The present application applies forces in different directions to the model box through the lifting assembly and the side pushing assembly, thereby simulating the state of the slope under different forces, and the present application simulates various conditions of the slope after rain through the setting of the rainfall simulation assembly, thereby facilitating the acquisition of experimental data.

[0018] The present application sets the first base plate and the second base plate, so that the first model box and the second model box above simulate different conditions respectively, more fully display complex environments, and improve simulation accuracy.

[0019] The present application increases the downward force by setting the counterforce beam, increases the conditions that can be simulated, and realizes high restoration to different geological conditions.

[0020] The present application accurately controls the parameters such as rainfall intensity, rainfall duration, and raindrop size through the rainfall controller, the rainfall sensor, and the nozzles of different sizes, and perfectly reproduces the influence of different natural rainfall conditions on the slope. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0021] The accompanying drawings serve to better understand the present application and do not constitute an undue limitation on the present application. Among them:

[0022] Figure 1 is a structural schematic view of a slope rainfall simulation device for an open-pit coal mine according to the present application;

[0023] Figure 2 is a side view of a slope rainfall simulation device for an open-pit coal mine according to the present application;

[0024] Figure 3 is a structural schematic view of a hydraulic rotating assembly in a slope rainfall simulation device for an open-pit coal mine according to the present application;

[0025] Figure 4 is a structural schematic view of a lifting assembly in a slope rainfall simulation device for an open-pit coal mine according to the present application;

[0026] Figure 5 is a structural schematic view of a rainfall simulation assembly in a slope rainfall simulation device for an open-pit coal mine according to the present application.

[0027] The reference signs in the drawings: 1, base plate; 2, model box; 21, first model box; 22, second model box; 3, lifting assembly; 31, hydraulic controller; 32, hydraulic station; 33, valve group; 34, hydraulic cylinder; 341, first hydraulic cylinder; 342, second hydraulic cylinder; 35, hydraulic sensor; 36, hydraulic rotating assembly; 361, side plate; 362, fixed plate; 4, side pushing assembly; 41, side pushing rod; 42, side pushing plate; 5, reinforcing rod; 6, reinforcing rib; 7, counterforce beam; 71, loading point; 8, rainfall simulation assembly; 81, rainfall controller; 82, water tank; 83, water pump; 84, nozzle rack; 85, spray head; 86, rainfall sensor. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] The exemplary embodiments of the present application will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, which include various details of the embodiments of the present application to assist in understanding, and should be considered as merely exemplary. Thus, those of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that various changes and modifications of the embodiments described herein can be made without departing from the scope and spirit of the application. Also, for the sake of brevity and clarity, descriptions of well-known functions and constructions are omitted herein.

[0029] The present application provides a slope rainfall simulation device for open-pit coal mine, which comprises a plurality of sequentially arranged model boxes, each of which is provided with an opening at the top, and each of which is provided with a rainfall simulation assembly inside, any one of the model boxes at the two ends along the sequential arrangement direction of the plurality of sequentially arranged model boxes is a first model box, and the rest of the plurality of model boxes are second model boxes, the outer side of the side wall of the first model box away from the second model box is provided with a side pushing assembly, the lower side of the plurality of model boxes is provided with a base plate, the lower side of the base plate is provided with a lifting assembly and a fixed rotating assembly, and the plurality of model boxes are provided with a sensor assembly inside.

[0030] Example One

[0031] A slope rainfall simulation device for open-pit coal mine, as shown in Figures 1-2 The present application provides a slope rainfall simulation device for open-pit coal mine, which comprises a plurality of sequentially arranged model boxes, each of which is provided with an opening at the top, and each of which is provided with a rainfall simulation assembly inside, any one of the model boxes at the two ends along the sequential arrangement direction of the plurality of sequentially arranged model boxes is a first model box, and the rest of the plurality of model boxes are second model boxes, the outer side of the side wall of the first model box away from the second model box is provided with a side pushing assembly, the lower side of the plurality of model boxes is provided with a base plate, the lower side of the base plate is provided with a lifting assembly and a fixed rotating assembly, and the plurality of model boxes are provided with a sensor assembly inside.

[0032] Specifically, the model box 2 is convenient for feeding and discharging through the opening at the top, and convenient for setting the rainfall simulation assembly 8 above the model box 2 to simulate the actual environment.

[0033] Specifically, as shown in the figure, Figure 1 As shown in the figure, Figure 1 As shown in the figure,

[0034] Specifically, the base plate 1 is provided with a lifting assembly 3 and a fixed rotating assembly on both sides along the arrangement direction of the model box 2, and when the lifting assembly 3 is lifted / descends, the base plate 1 rotates around the fixed rotating assembly, so as to adjust the included angle between the model box 2 and the ground, and realize simulation.

[0035] Specifically, the base plate 1 includes a first base plate and a second base plate, the first base plate is arranged below the first model box 21, and the second base plate is arranged below the second model boxes 22, the second base plates below different second model boxes 22 are fixedly connected, and the first base plate and the second base plate are only in an adjacent relationship, so that the first base plate and the second base plate can increase the simulation types, and the first model box 21 and the second model boxes 22 can be flipped at the same time, or only the first model box 21 or the second model 22 can be flipped, and the simulated scene is more abundant.

[0036] Specifically, the side wall of the model box 2 is provided with an earth inlet, and geotextile is laid above the bottom surface of the model box 2, and the opening and closing of the earth inlet is controllable, for example, an inlet is arranged on the side wall of the model box 2, an inlet baffle is arranged at the inlet, the inlet baffle and the inlet side wall are rotationally connected through a rotating shaft or a hinge, and the opening and closing of the earth inlet is controlled by controlling the angle of the inlet baffle. The inlet baffle and the inlet can also be slidingly connected, and the opening and closing of the earth inlet is controlled by sliding the inlet baffle. The geotextile is uniformly provided with counterweights. The geotextile laid above the bottom surface of the model box 2 enhances the adhesion of the bottom soil, and simulates the soil layer condition in actual operation. By selecting the geotextile with an area larger than the bottom surface of the model box 2, it is avoided that the geotextile is not fully laid, the counterweights are uniformly arranged above the geotextile, the counterweights are used as fixing points of the geotextile, which plays a role in assisting installation, and also avoids uneven laying of the geotextile due to sliding.

[0037] Specifically, it also includes a support and a fence, the fence is arranged around the base plate 1, and a preset safety distance is arranged between the fence and the base plate 1 to avoid experimental soil leakage during the overturning process. The support includes a plurality of support columns uniformly arranged outside the fence, and the top portions of the plurality of support columns are connected by a support beam. By arranging the support outside the plurality of simulation boxes 2, the components of the simulation boxes 2 can be adjusted from above, such as adding a counterforce beam or adding a rainfall device, etc.

[0038] Specifically, one reinforcing rod 5 is arranged outside each of the two walls parallel to the arrangement direction of the plurality of simulation boxes 2, the reinforcing rod 5 is fixedly arranged above the base plate 1, and a plurality of reinforcing ribs 6 are uniformly arranged between the reinforcing rod 5 and the side wall of the simulation box 2. The reinforcing rod 5 is parallel to the arrangement direction, the reinforcing ribs 6 are perpendicular to the projection of the reinforcing rod 5 on the bottom surface, and the reinforcing ribs 6 and the outer side wall of the simulation box 2 form a triangular structure. The reinforcing rod 5 arranged on the first base plate and the reinforcing rod 5 arranged on the second base plate are designed in a split type and can move with the first base plate or / and the second base plate, respectively. By designing the reinforcing ribs 6 and the outer side wall of the simulation box 2 into a triangular shape, the stability is improved.

[0039] Specifically, a beam crane is arranged above the support, the beam crane slides on the support beam, and components are hoisted to the simulation box 2. Preferably, one support beam is arranged on each of the two rows of support columns arranged along the arrangement direction of the simulation box 2, the slide of the beam crane is fixedly arranged above the two support beams, the beam crane can slide on the slide above the simulation box 2 along the arrangement direction, a slide rod is arranged between the two slides, a hoisting structure is slidably connected below the slide rod, the hoisting structure slides in a direction perpendicular to the arrangement direction through the slidably connected hoisting structure, and the internal components of the simulation box 2 are hoisted.

[0040] Specifically, a counterforce beam 7 is arranged on the simulation box 2, a plurality of loading points 71 are uniformly arranged on the counterforce beam 7, and the loading points 71 slide on the counterforce beam 7. The loading points 71 are used to apply force to the counterforce beam 7, the counterforce beam 7 cannot be arranged between two adjacent second simulation boxes 22 to avoid damaging the connection between the two second simulation boxes 22 when the force is applied, and the loading points 71 slide with the assistance of the beam crane. Preferably, the number of loading points 71 is two, the maximum force value of each loading point 71 is 6T, and the maximum load is 160kpa. By arranging the counterforce beam 7 and the loading points 71, force is applied to the top of the simulation box 2 to simulate the upper force environment.

[0041] Specifically, as shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, the side-push assembly 4 includes several side-push rods 41, a side-push plate 42, and a side-push controller. The end of each side-push rod 41 furthest from the first model box 21 is connected to the output end of a power assembly. The end of each side-push rod 41 closest to the first model box 21 is fixedly connected to the side-push plate 42. The side-push plate 42 is perpendicular to the side-push rod 41. A displacement sensor is fixed to each side-push rod 41. Both the displacement sensor and the power assembly are electrically connected to the side-push controller. The side-push plate 42 is located in the middle of the side wall of the first model box 21 for uniform pushing. The power assembly, such as an electric motor, is connected to the side-push rods 41, which in turn drive the side-push plate 42 to push the first model box 21. The side-push plate 42 is rectangular or cross-shaped. By setting the side-push plate 42, the contact area with the first model 21 is increased, and lateral force is applied uniformly. The displacement sensor is used to acquire the displacement data of the side push rod 41 and upload the displacement data to the displacement controller. The displacement controller generates control commands to adjust the output of the power component.

[0042] Preferably, there are 6 side push rods 41 and 6 side push plates 42, arranged in two rows of 3 each. The maximum loading area of ​​the side push plate 42 is 3m*3m. The power component is a loading cylinder, and the maximum loading force of each loading cylinder is 6T. During use, if there are too many side push points, the excess side push rods 41, side push plates 42 and power components are removed.

[0043] Specifically, such as Figure 4 As shown, the lifting assembly 3 includes a hydraulic controller 31, a hydraulic station 32, a valve group 33, several hydraulic cylinders 34, several hydraulic sensors 35, and a hydraulic rotation assembly 36. Each end of a hydraulic cylinder 34 is rotatably connected to a hydraulic rotation assembly 36. A hydraulic sensor 35 is fixed to the outer wall of each hydraulic cylinder 34. All hydraulic cylinders are connected to the valve group 33, which is connected to the hydraulic station 32. The hydraulic controller 31 is electrically connected to the hydraulic station 32, the valve group 33, and the hydraulic sensors 35. By setting a hydraulic rotation assembly 36 at each end of each hydraulic cylinder 34, the angle between the base plate 1 and the ground is controlled within a preset range. The hydraulic controller 31 controls the hydraulic station 32 to supply hydraulic fluid to the hydraulic cylinders 34 through the valve group 33 to achieve the extension and retraction function. The hydraulic sensors 35 acquire the working status of the hydraulic cylinders 34 and upload this status to the hydraulic controller 31. The hydraulic controller 31 not only controls the opening / closing status of the valve group 33, but also controls the pressure of the hydraulic station 32, thereby controlling the extension and retraction length and speed of the hydraulic cylinder 34.

[0044] Specifically, the hydraulic cylinders 34 include two first hydraulic cylinders 341 and a plurality of second hydraulic cylinders 342, the two first hydraulic cylinders 341 are arranged outside the first side wall and the second side wall of the first mold box 21, the first side wall and the second side wall are parallel to the arrangement direction, and the plurality of second hydraulic cylinders 342 are arranged below the base plate 1. The bottom of the first hydraulic cylinder 341 is connected with the first base plate through a hydraulic rotating assembly 36, the top of the first hydraulic cylinder 341 is connected with the first side wall or the second side wall of the first mold box 21 through the hydraulic rotating assembly 36, and an included angle is formed between the first hydraulic cylinder 341 and the first side wall or the second side wall, so as to facilitate the side turning of the first mold box 21. When the first mold box 21 is turned over under the action of the first hydraulic cylinder 341, one side of the first mold box 21 provided with the side pushing assembly 4 is raised, and the side adjacent to the second mold box 22 falls.

[0045] Specifically, each hydraulic rotating assembly 36 or fixed rotating assembly includes two side plates 361 and a fixed plate 362, the fixed plate 362 is vertically fixed with two parallel side plates 361, a to-be-installed part is arranged between the two side plates 361, and the to-be-installed part is rotationally connected with the two side plates 361. The difference between the hydraulic rotating assembly 36 and the fixed rotating assembly is only that the to-be-installed parts are different. For the hydraulic rotating assembly 36, the to-be-installed part is the top end or the bottom end of the hydraulic cylinder 34, and for the fixed rotating assembly, the to-be-installed part is a fixed leg arranged below the base plate 1. The two side plates 361 define the rotating direction and avoid large deflection. For the fixed rotating assembly and the hydraulic rotating assembly 36 with the to-be-installed part being the bottom end of the second hydraulic cylinder 342, a plurality of pre-installation holes are arranged on the fixed plate, the pre-installation holes are matched with the vertical part of the J-shaped anchor, the curved part of the J-shaped anchor is in contact with the ground, and when installed, the curved part is buried in the concrete in advance, and the vertical part only needs to be inserted into the pre-installation hole for fast installation, and the fixed effect is stable.

[0046] Preferably, the hydraulic cylinders 34 are nine, including two first hydraulic cylinders 341 and seven second hydraulic cylinders 342, two of the seven second hydraulic cylinders 342 are arranged between the second base plate and the ground, and the remaining five second hydraulic cylinders are uniformly arranged below the second base plate according to the arrangement direction. Through this arrangement, the first mold box 21 is independently turned over, the plurality of second mold boxes 22 are combined and turned over, or all the mold boxes 2 are turned over together.

[0047] Preferably, the hydraulic controller is a PLC controller, which realizes various simulation requirements such as simultaneous lifting or separate lifting of the model box 2. Nine hydraulic cylinders are 240 type multi-stage single-acting hydraulic cylinders, the synchronization accuracy between different hydraulic cylinders 34 is 1 mm, the oil tank volume of the hydraulic station is 1600 liters, and high-quality hydraulic oil pipes are used between the hydraulic station 32, the valve group 33 and the hydraulic cylinders 34 to avoid damage to the liquid path during work. The second hydraulic cylinders 342 under the second base plate are designed redundantly, allowing normal lifting work in the case of loss of two second hydraulic cylinders 342, preventing danger. The hydraulic assembly uses a water cooling machine for cooling to avoid accidents caused by high temperature.

[0048] Specifically, as shown in Figure 5 The rainfall simulation assembly 8 includes a rainfall controller 81, a water tank 82, a water pump 83, a nozzle rack 84, a spray head 85 and a rainfall sensor 86. The rainfall controller 81 is electrically connected to the water pump 83, the spray head 85 and the rainfall sensor 86 respectively. The nozzle rack 84 is arranged in the model box 2, and a plurality of groups of spray heads 85 are arranged on the nozzle rack 84. The spray heads 85 and the water tank 82 are connected in communication, and the water pump 83 is arranged between the spray heads 85 and the water tank 82. The rainfall controller 81 controls the water pump 83 to deliver water in the water tank 82 to the spray head 85, and realizes rainfall simulation by spraying the water into the model box 2 through the spray head 85. At the same time of rainfall simulation, the rainfall sensor 86 obtains rainfall information in the model box 2 and uploads the rainfall information to the rainfall controller 81. The rainfall simulator 81 compares the rainfall information with a target rainfall pre-input to generate a rainfall control instruction to adjust the working state of the water pump 83 and the spray head 85.

[0049] Specifically, the nozzle frame 84 is n-shaped, and two vertical edges serve as supports, and a plurality of spray heads 85 are arranged in the middle. The plurality of spray heads 85 are divided into a plurality of rainfall matrices, each rainfall matrix includes a plurality of rainfall points, and each rainfall point is provided with a plurality of spray heads 85. The spray heads 85 are divided into regions to simulate the rainfall difference between different regions in the actual rainfall process. The lower surface of each spray head 85 is provided with spray nozzles of different sizes for spraying raindrops of different particle sizes to simulate the real rainfall process and improve the simulation similarity. Each spray head 85 is provided with an independent electromagnetic valve, and the opening and closing of each electromagnetic valve or the opening degree is independently controlled by the rainfall controller 81. In the simulation of different rainfall processes, first, the rainfall area is selected, the spray heads 85 in the corresponding area are opened, the required rainfall amount is input, the rainfall controller 81 opens the corresponding number of spray heads, and the rainfall is started. At this time, the rainfall sensor 86 collects the current rainfall amount value, and the rainfall controller 81 compares the rainfall information with the required rainfall parameter and adjusts it. The water pump 83 is controlled to change the water supply pressure to adjust the rainfall intensity. When the required rainfall intensity cannot be achieved through the water supply pressure, the working electromagnetic valve is opened / closed by the rainfall controller 81, so that the number of spray heads 85 is increased / decreased to adjust the rainfall intensity.

[0050] Specifically, the water tank 82 is provided with a water level gauge, which is used to obtain the water level data of the water tank 82. Before starting the simulation of rainfall, the water level gauge is used to determine whether the water amount in the water tank is sufficient. When it is determined that the water amount is sufficient, the water inlet of the water tank is closed to prepare for the simulation of rainfall.

[0051] Specifically, when the rainfall simulation assembly is working, the rainfall controller 81 is used to select the area to be simulated for rainfall, and then all the spray heads 85 in the area are opened, the required rainfall intensity (for example, 100 mm / h) is input, and the rainfall simulation is started. The water pump 83 is controlled by the rainfall controller 81 according to the required rainfall intensity and the size of the area, so as to adjust the rainfall amount. The rainfall sensor 86 obtains real-time rainfall data, and then uploads the real-time rainfall data back to the rainfall controller 81. The adjustment instruction is generated by comparing the actual rainfall data with the required rainfall intensity, and the adjustment instruction is sent to the water pump 83 to fine-tune the water supply pressure, so as to realize accurate rainfall amount control. The user can select different rainfall spray heads according to the actual situation. The system will adjust the water supply pressure under the current spray head combination to realize the rainfall amount set more close to the actual rainfall amount. The diameter of the spray nozzle is preferably “1.2 mm, 1.8 mm, 2.2 mm, 3.6 mm”. When the required rainfall intensity is input, the system can automatically determine the corresponding spray head to be opened according to the required rainfall intensity, so as to realize the required rainfall intensity.

[0052] Specifically, the inner side of the model box 2 is waterproof treated, ensuring waterproof in non-action and allowing water leakage in action process, and the sealing of the model box 2 is assisted to be realized by smearing glass glue. Each of the model boxes 2 is internally provided with a plurality of drainage openings which are enabled according to different working conditions.

[0053] Example Two

[0054] A slope multi-physical simulation method based on a slope rainfall simulation device for an open-pit coal mine in embodiment 1, comprising the following steps:

[0055] By the side pushing assembly 4 and applying a lateral force to the plurality of model boxes 2;

[0056] By the lifting assembly 3, the plurality of model boxes 2 above the base plate 1 are flipped around the fixed rotating assembly;

[0057] The slope multi-physical simulation is performed by flipping and applying a lateral force.

[0058] During the slope multi-physical simulation, the rainfall simulation assembly 8 is used to simulate rainfall in the model boxes 2 according to a pre-input rainfall amount, so as to obtain the change of the model boxes 2 and the change of parameters during the rainfall process.

[0059] The physical parameters are used to analyze the change of each parameter corresponding to the current simulation condition.

[0060] Preferably, the model boxes 2 are three in number and have the same internal dimensions, i.e. 16m*6.1m*3m (length*width*height). The inner bottom surface of the model box 2 has a size of 5.5m*6.1m. There are the following working conditions:

[0061] Working condition one: all the model boxes 2 are simultaneously and integrally flipped laterally by 0-60° under the action of the second hydraulic cylinder 342.

[0062] Working condition two: the first model box 21 is individually flipped laterally by 0-60° under the action of the second hydraulic cylinder 342 under the first base plate, and at this time, the second hydraulic cylinder 342 under the second base plate is not in operation.

[0063] Working condition three: the plurality of second model boxes 22 are simultaneously flipped laterally by 0-60°.

[0064] The first model box 21 is flipped laterally by 0-60°, and the plurality of second model boxes 22 are simultaneously flipped laterally by 0-60°, and the lateral flipping speeds of the two can be different and can be used simultaneously.

[0065] Specifically, in the simulation process, whether the current simulated slope is safe is determined by calculating a safety factor. Before the safety factor is calculated, the normal stress and shear stress of the bottom surface of the model box are calculated according to the following formula:

[0066] σ = (W*cosθ) / A;

[0067] τ = F 侧 / A;

[0068] In the formula, σ is the normal stress of the bottom surface of the model box, and the unit is kPa; τ is the shear stress, kPa; F 侧 is the total side thrust output by the side thrust assembly at the current moment, and the unit is kN, which is obtained by adding the output of each side thrust rod; A is the bottom area of the model box, and the unit is m 2 ; θ is the inclination angle of the model box, which is obtained by the running parameters of the hydraulic cylinder, °.

[0069] F s = (c'+σ*tanφ) / τ;

[0070] In the formula, F s is the safety factor, c is the effective cohesion of the soil, and the unit is kPa; φ is the effective internal friction angle of the soil, and the unit is ° (angle). c and φ are obtained by fitting the critical sliding test, which adjusts the inclination angle of the model box, records the data at the moment of sliding, and then fits the fitting formula according to the data at the moment of sliding. The intercept and slope of the fitting formula are used to obtain c and φ.

[0071] Specifically, for a plurality of hydraulic cylinders 34, a certain synchronization rate needs to be maintained to realize the inclination control of multiple model boxes. Whether the synchronization rate meets the requirements is determined by calculating the synchronization error, and the calculation method of the synchronization error is as follows:

[0072] e = max|Δl j Δl|;

[0073] Δl = (ΣΔl j ) / n;

[0074] In the formula, e is the synchronization error, and the unit is mm; Δl j is the real-time elongation of the jth hydraulic cylinder, and the unit is mm; n is the total number of hydraulic cylinders in operation. When the value of e is less than or equal to 1 mm, it is judged that the synchronization is qualified, and the subsequent simulation operation is normally carried out. When the value of e is greater than 1 mm, the lengths of the hydraulic cylinders that have stretched and contracted are compared with the average length of all the hydraulic cylinders that have stretched and contracted, so that the hydraulic cylinders with larger errors are selected for debugging. After debugging, the synchronization error is recalculated until the synchronization error is less than or equal to 1 mm.

[0075] Specifically, in the simulation process, the inclination angle, normal stress, shear stress and sliding mark of each round of simulation are recorded, the sliding mark includes 1 and 0, 1 indicates that sliding occurs, 0 indicates that sliding does not occur, whether sliding occurs is judged according to whether there is a sudden increase in displacement.

[0076] Specifically, in the simulation process, the new inclination angle, the new normal stress, the new shear stress and the new sliding mark are obtained, the calculation is carried out according to the new values and the historical data, a plurality of similarities are obtained, the comprehensive similarity weight is calculated according to the plurality of similarities, and the sliding probability is predicted through the comprehensive similarity weight.

[0077] Specifically, the plurality of similarities include gradient similarity and stress similarity, and the calculation formulas of the two are as follows:

[0078] w = exp( |θn θk| / θr );

[0079] θr = 5°;

[0080] In the formula, w is the gradient similarity, θn is the new scheme target gradient, θk is the historical gradient of the kth group, and θr is the gradient attenuation constant; preferably, θr = 5°.

[0081]

[0082] σr = 10kPa;

[0083] In the formula, d is the stress similarity, σn is the new scheme target normal stress, τn is the new scheme target shear stress, σk is the historical normal stress of the kth group, τk is the historical shear stress of the kth group, σr is the stress normalization constant, and preferably σr is 10kPa.

[0084] Specifically, the comprehensive similarity weight is calculated according to the profit similarity and the gradient similarity, and the calculation formula is as follows:

[0085] Wk = w*exp( d) / Σ(w*exp( dk));

[0086] P = Σ( Wk*Ik );

[0087] P ∈ [0, 1];

[0088] In the formula, Wk is the comprehensive similarity weight of the kth group of historical tests relative to the new scheme, and Ik is the kth group of historical sliding marks.

[0089] Specifically, when P is less than 0.3, the historical risk is low, and the pressure can be continuously increased; when P is less than or equal to 0.7 and P is greater than or equal to 0.3, the risk is moderate, and the subsequent test process needs to be closely monitored. When P is greater than 0.7, the historical risk is high, and it is suggested to reduce θ or F 侧 Redesign a new solution.

[0090] Those skilled in the art can clearly understand that, for the convenience and brevity of description, only the above-mentioned division of each functional unit and module is exemplified, and in actual application, the above-mentioned functions can be completed by different functional units and modules according to needs, that is, the internal structure of the device is divided into different functional units or modules to complete all or part of the functions described above. Each functional unit and module in the embodiment can be integrated in one processing unit, or each unit can exist physically, or two or more units can be integrated in one unit. The integrated unit can be realized in the form of hardware or in the form of software functional unit. In addition, the specific names of each functional unit and module are only for convenient distinction, and do not limit the protection scope of the present application. The specific working process of the units and modules in the above system can refer to the corresponding process in the foregoing method embodiments, which will not be described here.

[0091] The above specific embodiments do not constitute a limitation on the protection scope of the present application. Those skilled in the art should understand that various modifications, combinations, sub-combinations and substitutions can occur depending on design requirements and other factors. Any modification, equivalent replacement and improvement within the spirit and principles of the present application should be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A method of simulating rainfall on a slope of an open cut coal mine, characterised in that, The application relates to a rainfall simulation device, which comprises a plurality of model boxes (2) arranged in sequence, an opening is arranged at the top of each model box (2), a rainfall simulation assembly (8) is arranged in each model box (2), any one of the model boxes (2) at the two ends of the direction in which the plurality of model boxes (2) are arranged in sequence is a first model box (21), the rest of the plurality of model boxes (2) are second model boxes (22), a side pushing assembly (4) is arranged on the outer side of the side wall of the first model box (21) away from the second model boxes (22), a base plate (1) is arranged below the plurality of model boxes (2), a lifting assembly (3) and a fixed rotating assembly are arranged below the base plate (1), and a sensor assembly is arranged in the plurality of model boxes (2). The rainfall simulation assembly (8) comprises a rainfall controller (81), a water tank (82), a water pump (83), a nozzle rack (84), a spray head (85) and a rainfall sensor (86), the rainfall controller (81) is electrically connected with the water pump (83), the spray head (85) and the rainfall sensor (86) respectively, the nozzle rack (84) is arranged in the model box (2), a plurality of groups of spray heads (85) are arranged on the nozzle rack (84), the spray head (85) is connected with the water tank (82) in communication, and the water pump (83) is arranged between the spray head (85) and the water tank (82). The lifting assembly (3) comprises a hydraulic controller (31), a hydraulic station (32), a valve group (33), a plurality of hydraulic cylinders (34), a plurality of hydraulic sensors (35) and a hydraulic rotating assembly (36), the two ends of the hydraulic cylinder (34) are rotationally connected with one hydraulic rotating assembly (36) respectively, the outer side wall of the hydraulic cylinder (34) is fixed with a hydraulic sensor (35), the plurality of hydraulic cylinders are connected with the valve group (33) in communication, the valve group (33) is connected with the hydraulic station (32) in communication, and the hydraulic controller (31) is electrically connected with the hydraulic station (32), the valve group (33) and the plurality of hydraulic sensors (35) respectively. The normal stress and shear stress of the bottom surface of the model box are calculated according to the physical parameters. Sigma=(W*cos theta) / A; τ= F 侧 / A; In the formula, σ is the normal stress of the model box bottom surface; τ is the shear stress; F 侧 is the side thrust force output by the side thrust assembly at the current time; A is the bottom area of the model box; θ is the inclination angle of the model box; For the plurality of hydraulic cylinders (34), a certain synchronization rate needs to be maintained, so as to realize the inclination control of the plurality of model boxes, whether the synchronization rate meets the requirement is determined by calculating a synchronization error, and the synchronization error calculation method is as follows: e = max | Δl j Δl|; Δl = (ΣΔl j ) / n; In the formula, e is the synchronization error in mm; Δl j Let e ​​be the real-time elongation of the j-th hydraulic cylinder, in mm; n is the total number of hydraulic cylinders currently in operation. When the value of e is less than or equal to 1 mm, the synchronization is considered qualified, and subsequent simulation operations can proceed normally. When the value of e is greater than 1 mm, the length of each hydraulic cylinder that has experienced extension and retraction is compared with the average length of all hydraulic cylinders that have experienced extension and retraction. The hydraulic cylinder with the larger error is then selected for debugging. After debugging, the synchronization error is recalculated until the synchronization error is less than or equal to 1 mm. In the simulation process, the inclination angle, the normal stress, the shear stress and the sliding mark of each round of simulation are recorded, the sliding mark comprises 1 and 0, 1 represents that sliding occurs, and 0 represents that sliding does not occur, whether sliding occurs is judged according to whether there is a sudden displacement increase; In the simulation process, new inclination angle, new normal stress, new shear stress and new sliding mark are obtained, the new values and historical data are calculated to obtain a plurality of similarities, a comprehensive similarity weight is calculated according to the plurality of similarities, and the sliding probability is predicted through the comprehensive similarity weight; The plurality of similarities comprise a gradient similarity and a stress similarity, and the calculation formulae of the two are as follows: w = exp( |θn θk| / θr ). Theta r=5 DEG; In the formula, w is the gradient similarity, theta n is the target gradient of the new scheme, theta k is the historical gradient of the kth group, and theta r is a gradient attenuation constant, theta r=5 DEG. σr =10kPa; In the formula, d is the stress similarity, σn is the new scheme target normal stress, τn is the new scheme target shear stress, σk is the historical normal stress of the kth group, τk is the historical shear stress of the kth group, σr is the stress normalization constant, and σr is 10 kPa. The comprehensive similarity weight is calculated according to the profit similarity and the slope similarity, and the calculation formula is as follows: Wk = w*exp( d) / Σ(w*exp( dk)) P = Σ (Wk * Ik) ; P∈[0, 1]； In the formula, Wk is the comprehensive similarity weight of the kth group of historical tests relative to the new scheme, and Ik is the kth group of historical sliding identifiers. When P is less than 0.3, the historical risk is low, and the pressure can be continued to be increased. When P is less than or equal to 0.7 and P is greater than or equal to 0.3, it indicates a medium risk, and close attention is required during the subsequent test process; when P is greater than 0.7, it indicates a high historical risk, and it is suggested to reduce θ or F 侧 Redesign a new plan.

2. A method of simulating rainfall on a slope of an open cut coal mine according to claim 1, characterised in that, The base plate (1) comprises a first base plate and a second base plate, the first base plate is arranged below the first mold box (21), and the second base plate is arranged below the second mold box (22).

3. A method of simulating rainfall on a slope of an open cut coal mine according to claim 1, characterised in that, The plurality of hydraulic cylinders (34) include two first hydraulic cylinders (341) and a plurality of second hydraulic cylinders (342), the two first hydraulic cylinders (341) are arranged outside the first side wall and the second side wall of the first mold box (21), the first side wall and the second side wall are parallel to the arrangement direction of the plurality of sequentially arranged mold boxes (2), and the plurality of second hydraulic cylinders (342) are arranged below the base plate (1).

4. A method of simulating rainfall on a slope of an open cut coal mine according to claim 1, characterised in that, Further comprising a support and a fence, the fence is arranged around the base plate (1), and the support comprises a plurality of support columns uniformly arranged outside the fence, and the top portions of the plurality of support columns are connected through a support beam.

5. A method of simulating rainfall on a slope of an open cut coal mine according to claim 1, characterised in that, The plurality of mold boxes (2) are parallel to the arrangement direction of the plurality of sequentially arranged mold boxes (2), and each of the two walls outside the plurality of mold boxes (2) is provided with a reinforcing rod (5), the reinforcing rod (5) is fixedly arranged above the base plate (1), and a plurality of reinforcing ribs (6) are uniformly arranged between the reinforcing rod (5) and the side wall of the mold box (2).

6. A method of simulating rainfall on a slope of an open cut coal mine according to claim 2, characterised in that, The lower surface of the nozzle (85) is provided with a plurality of nozzles, the outlet diameters of the plurality of nozzles are different from each other, an electromagnetic valve is arranged between the inlet and the outlet of each nozzle (85), and the electromagnetic valve is electrically connected with the rainfall controller (81).

7. A method of simulating rainfall on a slope of an open cut coal mine according to claim 1, characterised in that, The model box (2) is provided with a counterforce beam (7), a plurality of loading points (71) are uniformly arranged on the counterforce beam (7), and the loading points (71) slide on the counterforce beam (7).

8. A method of simulating rainfall on a slope of an open cut coal mine according to claim 1, characterised in that, The side pushing assembly (4) comprises a plurality of side pushing rods (41), a side pushing plate (42) and a side pushing controller, one end of the side pushing rod (41) away from the first mold box (21) is connected with the output end of the power assembly, the other end of the side pushing rod (41) close to the first mold box (21) is fixedly connected with the side pushing plate (42), the side pushing plate (42) is perpendicular to the side pushing rod (41), a displacement sensor is fixed on the side pushing rod (41), and the displacement sensor and the power assembly are electrically connected with the side pushing controller.

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