Quantum bit grouping method and device, quantum computer and measurement and control system

Abstract

The embodiment of the invention provides a quantum bit grouping method and device, a quantum computer and a measurement and control system. According to the scheme, quantum bits are grouped according to the topological relation between first quantum bits; adjusting the first quantum bit to be adjusted to a third quantum bit group according to a target distance between the second quantum bit and the third quantum bit, a first working frequency difference and a first grouping condition; adjusting the second quantum bit to be adjusted to a fifth quantum bit group according to a first crosstalk coefficient and a second working frequency difference between every two fourth quantum bits in the fourth quantum bit group and a second grouping condition; and when the maximum working frequency difference of the second set is greater than or equal to a preset threshold value, adjusting the third quantum bit to be adjusted to a sixth quantum bit group. Through the technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the invention, grouping of quantum bits on a quantum chip is realized, so that a guarantee is provided for parallel execution of quantum computing tasks.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of quantum computing, and in particular to a quantum bit grouping method and device, a quantum computer and a measurement and control system. BACKGROUND

[0002] Quantum computing is a computing mode for solving problems by using the basic characteristics of quantum mechanics. By constructing a quantum physics hardware system that can be precisely operated, running quantum computing software to implement quantum algorithms, solving computing problems, and realizing the application of quantum computing in specific problems or fields.

[0003] As the core component of a quantum computer for implementing quantum computing, a quantum chip has a large number of quantum bits deployed thereon. With the application of multi-thread technology in the quantum computing process, in order to ensure the parallel running of multiple quantum computing tasks on the quantum chip, the quantum bits on the quantum chip need to be grouped in advance, so that the quantum bits in the quantum bit groups obtained by grouping are allocated for the quantum bit allocation in the parallel execution process of quantum computing tasks. SUMMARY

[0004] The purpose of the embodiments of the present application is to provide a quantum bit grouping method and device, a quantum computer and a measurement and control system to group the quantum bits on a quantum chip, thereby providing protection for the parallel execution of quantum computing tasks. The specific technical solutions are as follows:

[0005] The embodiments of the present application provide a quantum bit grouping method, which comprises:

[0006] Grouping the quantum bits according to the topological relationship between each first quantum bit in the target quantum chip to obtain a first grouping result comprising a plurality of first sets, each first set comprising a first quantum bit group and a second quantum bit group;

[0007] For each first set, adjusting the first to-be-adjusted quantum bit in the first set to the third quantum bit group according to the target distance between the second quantum bit and the third quantum bit, the first operating frequency difference, and the first grouping condition to obtain a second grouping result; wherein the second quantum bit is a quantum bit included in the first quantum bit group in the first set, the third quantum bit is a quantum bit included in the second quantum bit group in the first set, the first grouping condition is used to indicate the first frequency limit condition corresponding to the parallel driving of two quantum bits at different distances, the first to-be-adjusted quantum bit is the second quantum bit or the third quantum bit, the third quantum bit group is a quantum bit group in the first set that does not include the first to-be-adjusted quantum bit, and the first grouping condition is satisfied between the first to-be-adjusted quantum bit and each quantum bit in the third quantum bit group;

[0008] For each fourth qubit group in the second grouping result, a second to-be-adjusted qubit in the fourth qubit group is adjusted to a fifth qubit group according to the first crosstalk coefficient and the second operating frequency difference between each two fourth qubits in the fourth qubit group and a second grouping condition, to obtain a third grouping result; the second grouping condition is used to indicate a second frequency limitation condition corresponding to a case that two qubits cannot be driven in parallel under different crosstalk coefficients, and the second to-be-adjusted qubit is any one of the two fourth qubits satisfying the second grouping condition;

[0009] For each fifth qubit group in the third grouping result, fifth qubits connected to the same local oscillator source in the fifth qubit group are obtained, to obtain a second set;

[0010] For each second set, when a maximum operating frequency difference between the fifth qubits in the second set is greater than or equal to a preset threshold, a third to-be-adjusted qubit in the second set is adjusted to a sixth qubit group according to the operating frequency corresponding to each fifth qubit in the second set, to obtain a fourth grouping result, each qubit group included in the fourth grouping result has a maximum operating frequency difference between qubits connected to the same local oscillator source that is less than the preset threshold, and the preset threshold is determined based on a frequency requirement corresponding to a hardware attribute of the same local oscillator source.

[0011] Embodiments of the present application also provide a quantum bit grouping device, the device comprising:

[0012] The grouping module is configured to group quantum bits according to a topological relationship between each first quantum bit in a target quantum chip, to obtain a first grouping result comprising a plurality of first sets, each first set comprising a first qubit group and a second qubit group;

[0013] The first adjusting module is configured to, for each first set, adjust a first to-be-adjusted qubit in the first set to a third qubit group according to a target distance between the second qubit and the third qubit, a first operating frequency difference, and a first grouping condition, to obtain a second grouping result; the second qubit is a qubit included in the first qubit group in the first set, the third qubit is a qubit included in the second qubit group in the first set, the first grouping condition is used to indicate a first frequency limitation condition corresponding to a case that two qubits are driven in parallel under different distances, the first to-be-adjusted qubit is the second qubit or the third qubit, the third qubit group is a qubit group in the first set that does not include the first to-be-adjusted qubit, and the first to-be-adjusted qubit and each qubit in the third qubit group satisfy the first grouping condition.

[0014] The second adjusting module is configured to, for each fourth qubit group in the second grouping result, adjust a second to-be-adjusted qubit in the fourth qubit group to a fifth qubit group according to the first crosstalk coefficient between each two fourth qubits in the fourth qubit group, the second operating frequency difference, and a second grouping condition, to obtain a third grouping result; the second grouping condition is used to indicate a second frequency limitation condition corresponding to a case that two qubits cannot be driven in parallel under different crosstalk coefficients, and the second to-be-adjusted qubit is any one of the two fourth qubits satisfying the second grouping condition.

[0015] The first obtaining module is configured to, for each fifth qubit group in the third grouping result, obtain fifth qubits connected to the same local oscillator source in the fifth qubit group, to obtain a second set.

[0016] The third adjusting module is configured to, for each second set, when a maximum operating frequency difference between the fifth qubits in the second set is greater than or equal to a preset threshold, adjust a third to-be-adjusted qubit in the second set to a sixth qubit group according to an operating frequency corresponding to each fifth qubit in the second set, to obtain a fourth grouping result; each qubit group included in the fourth grouping result has a maximum operating frequency difference between qubits connected to the same local oscillator source that is less than the preset threshold, and the preset threshold is determined based on a frequency requirement corresponding to a hardware attribute of the same local oscillator source.

[0017] Embodiments of the present application also provide a quantum computer, which implements the steps of the qubit grouping method according to any one of the above embodiments when executed.

[0018] Embodiments of the present application also provide a quantum computer control system, which implements the steps of the qubit grouping method according to any one of the above embodiments when executed.

[0019] Embodiments of the present application also provide an electronic device, which includes a processor, a communication interface, a memory, and a communication bus, wherein the processor, the communication interface, and the memory complete communication with each other through the communication bus.

[0020] The memory is configured to store a computer program.

[0021] The processor is configured to execute the program stored in the memory, and implement the steps of the qubit grouping method according to any one of the above embodiments.

[0022] Embodiments of the present application also provide a computer readable storage medium, which stores a computer program, and the computer program is executed by a processor to implement the steps of the qubit grouping method according to any one of the above embodiments.

[0023] The embodiment of the present application also provides a computer program product containing instructions, which, when executed on a computer, cause the computer to perform the quantum bit grouping method.

[0024] The embodiment of the present application has the following beneficial effects:

[0025] The technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the present application can, after obtaining the first grouping result according to the topological relationship between each first quantum bit in the target quantum chip, adjust the first to-be-adjusted quantum bit in each first set in the first grouping result to the third quantum bit group to obtain a second grouping result, and then adjust the second to-be-adjusted quantum bit in each fourth quantum bit group in the second grouping result to the fifth quantum bit group to obtain a third grouping result. For each fifth quantum bit group in the third grouping result, when the maximum operating frequency difference corresponding to the quantum bits connected to the same local oscillator in the fifth quantum bit group is greater than or equal to a preset threshold, the third to-be-adjusted quantum bit is adjusted to the sixth quantum bit group to obtain a fourth grouping result.

[0026] Compared with the manner of grouping quantum bits according to only the topological relationship between quantum bits on a quantum chip in the related art, on the basis of the first grouping result, the first to-be-adjusted quantum bit in each first set is adjusted from one quantum bit group to another quantum bit group by using the distance and the operating frequency difference between quantum bits through the first grouping condition, that is, the frequency limitation condition corresponding to parallel driving of quantum bits at different distances, while ensuring that the first to-be-adjusted quantum bit can be parallel driven with each quantum bit in the third quantum bit group to which the first to-be-adjusted quantum bit is adjusted, the balance in the number of quantum bits included in each quantum bit group in the first grouping result is broken, the difference between each quantum bit group is improved, the grouping of quantum bits on the target quantum chip is realized, and thus it is convenient to call the corresponding quantum bit group according to specific requirements during parallel execution of a quantum computing task, which provides guarantee for the later parallel execution of the quantum computing task.

[0027] Further, by the second grouping condition, i.e., the frequency limitation condition corresponding to the case that the qubits cannot be driven in parallel under different crosstalk coefficients, the second grouping result is adjusted to a new qubit group (i.e., a fifth qubit group) by using the crosstalk coefficients and the working frequency difference between the qubits, the grouping of the qubits on the target quantum chip is realized, and this makes the grouping process fully consider the influence of the crosstalk coefficients and the working frequency difference between the qubits in each qubit group on the parallel driving of the qubits, that is, the qubits that cannot be driven in parallel in the same qubit group are divided into different qubit groups, which effectively reduces the influence of the crosstalk phenomenon on the later quantum computing task execution process and improves the accuracy of the quantum computing result, thereby providing a guarantee for the parallel execution of the later quantum computing task.

[0028] In addition, since each third to-be-adjusted qubit is selected when the maximum working frequency difference corresponding to the second set is greater than or equal to the preset threshold, that is, each third to-be-adjusted qubit is selected when the maximum working frequency does not meet the frequency requirement corresponding to the hardware attribute of the same local oscillator, and the maximum working frequency difference between the qubits connected to the same local oscillator in each qubit group of the fourth grouping result is less than the preset threshold, this makes the qubits connected to the same local oscillator in each qubit group of the fourth grouping result match the frequency requirement corresponding to the hardware attribute of the local oscillator, effectively avoiding the abnormal phenomenon caused by the working frequency of the qubits connected to the same local oscillator in each qubit group not meeting the frequency requirement corresponding to the hardware attribute of the local oscillator, so that the qubit groups in the fourth grouping result can be called to execute the quantum computing task during the execution of the quantum computing task, thereby providing a guarantee for the parallel execution of the quantum computing task.

[0029] Of course, implementing any product or method of the present application does not necessarily require all the advantages mentioned above. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0030] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application or the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments or prior art description will be briefly introduced as follows. Obviously, the drawings in the following description only some embodiments of the present application, and those skilled in the art can obtain other drawings according to these drawings without creating any labor.

[0031] Figure 1 A first flowchart of the qubit grouping method provided by the embodiments of the present application;

[0032] Figure 2 A topological structure diagram of the target quantum chip provided by the embodiments of the present application;

[0033] Figure 3 A schematic flowchart of a quantum bit adjustment method provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0034] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a first method for obtaining the third grouping result provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0035] Figure 5 This is a second flowchart illustrating the third grouping result acquisition method provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0036] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the third process for obtaining the third grouping result provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0037] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the first flowchart of the fourth grouping result acquisition method provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0038] Figure 8 This is a second flowchart illustrating the fourth grouping result acquisition method provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0039] Figure 9 This is a second flowchart illustrating the quantum bit grouping method provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0040] Figure 10 A schematic diagram of a third method for grouping qubits provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0041] Figure 11 A schematic diagram of the fourth process for the quantum bit grouping method provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0042] Figure 12 A schematic diagram of a quantum bit grouping device provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0043] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an electronic device provided in an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0044] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0045] In related technologies, when grouping qubits on a quantum chip, the grouping can be based on the topological relationships between the qubits. These topological relationships can be represented by the connectivity and positional relationships between the qubits. When grouping qubits based on topological relationships, operations such as movement within the corresponding topological structure diagram of the quantum chip can be performed using a fixed topological structure to achieve grouping; alternatively, qubits can be grouped based on the distance between them. Further details on qubit grouping methods are described below.

[0046] After grouping qubits according to the above topological relationship, each resulting qubit group contains the same number of qubits. This ensures that during the parallel execution of quantum computing tasks, each qubit group can utilize the same number of qubits. However, when a parallel quantum computing task requires a large number of qubits, each qubit group may not be suitable; conversely, when a parallel quantum computing task requires fewer qubits, the utilized qubit groups may contain undriven qubits, resulting in a waste of quantum computing resources. Therefore, qubit groups obtained by grouping according to the above topological relationship have limitations in terms of the number of qubits and scenario adaptability.

[0047] To address the problems in related technologies, embodiments of this application provide a method for grouping quantum bits. For example... Figure 1 As shown, Figure 1 This is a schematic flowchart of a first method for grouping qubits provided in an embodiment of this application. This method can be applied to any electronic device, including a quantum computer, a quantum computing control system within a quantum computer, and a classical computer, etc. No specific limitation is made to the electronic device herein. Figure 1 The method shown includes the following steps.

[0048] Step S101: Group the qubits according to the topological relationship between each first qubit in the target quantum chip to obtain a first grouping result including multiple first sets, each first set including a first qubit group and a second qubit group.

[0049] Step S102: For each first set, based on the target distance between the second and third qubits, the first operating frequency difference, and the first grouping condition, adjust the first qubit to be adjusted in the first set to the third qubit group to obtain the second grouping result; wherein, the second qubit is the qubit included in the first qubit group in the first set, the third qubit is the qubit included in the second qubit group in the first set, the first grouping condition is used to indicate the first frequency restriction condition corresponding to the parallel driving of two qubits at different distances, the first qubit to be adjusted is the second qubit or the third qubit, the third qubit group is the qubit group in the first set that does not include the first qubit to be adjusted, and the first qubit to be adjusted and each qubit in the third qubit group satisfy the first grouping condition.

[0050] Step S103: For each fourth qubit group in the second grouping result, based on the first crosstalk coefficient and the second operating frequency difference between every two fourth qubits in the fourth qubit group, and the second grouping condition, adjust the second qubit to be adjusted in the fourth qubit group to the fifth qubit group to obtain the third grouping result; wherein, the second grouping condition is used to indicate the second frequency restriction condition corresponding to when two qubits cannot be driven in parallel under different crosstalk coefficients, and the second qubit to be adjusted is any one of the two fourth qubits that satisfy the second grouping condition.

[0051] Step S104: For each fifth qubit group in the third grouping result, obtain the fifth qubits connected to the same local oscillator in the fifth qubit group to obtain the second set.

[0052] Step S105: For each second set, when the maximum operating frequency difference between each fifth qubit in the second set is greater than or equal to a preset threshold, the third qubit to be adjusted in the second set is adjusted to the sixth qubit group according to the operating frequency corresponding to each fifth qubit in the second set, to obtain the fourth grouping result. The maximum operating frequency difference between qubits connected to the same local oscillator in each qubit group included in the fourth grouping result is less than the preset threshold. The preset threshold is determined based on the frequency requirement corresponding to the hardware attributes of the same local oscillator.

[0053] pass Figure 1The method shown involves grouping qubits according to the topological relationships between each first qubit in the target quantum chip to obtain a first grouping result. Then, for each first set in the first grouping result, the first qubit to be adjusted in that set is moved to a third qubit group to obtain a second grouping result. Next, for each fourth qubit group in the second grouping result, the second qubit to be adjusted in that fourth qubit group is moved to a fifth qubit group to obtain a third grouping result. Finally, for each fifth qubit group in the third grouping result, if the maximum operating frequency difference between qubits connected to the same local oscillator in that fifth qubit group is greater than or equal to a preset threshold, the third qubit to be adjusted is moved to a sixth qubit group to obtain a fourth grouping result.

[0054] Compared to related technologies that group qubits solely based on the topological relationships between qubits on a quantum chip, this new method, building upon the initial grouping results, utilizes the first grouping condition—the frequency constraint condition for parallel driving of qubits at different distances—to adjust the first qubit to be adjusted from one qubit group to another, taking advantage of the distance and operating frequency differences between qubits. This ensures that the first qubit to be adjusted can be driven in parallel with each qubit in the third qubit group it is adjusted to. Simultaneously, it breaks the numerical balance of qubits in each qubit group in the initial grouping results, increasing the differences between qubit groups. This achieves grouping of qubits on the target quantum chip, facilitating the use of appropriate qubit groups according to specific needs during the parallel execution of quantum computing tasks, thus ensuring the parallel execution of subsequent quantum computing tasks.

[0055] Furthermore, by using the second grouping condition—the frequency constraint condition corresponding to when qubits cannot be driven in parallel under different crosstalk coefficients—and utilizing the crosstalk coefficients and operating frequency differences between qubits, each second qubit to be adjusted in each fourth qubit group included in the second grouping result is adjusted to a new qubit group (i.e., the fifth qubit group). This achieves the grouping of qubits on the target quantum chip. Moreover, this ensures that the grouping process fully considers the impact of the crosstalk coefficients and operating frequency differences between qubits in each qubit group on the parallel driving of qubits. In other words, qubits that cannot be driven in parallel within the same qubit group are divided into different qubit groups, effectively reducing the impact of crosstalk on the execution process of subsequent quantum computing tasks, improving the accuracy of quantum computing results, and providing a guarantee for the parallel execution of subsequent quantum computing tasks.

[0056] Furthermore, since each third qubit to be adjusted is selected when the maximum operating frequency difference corresponding to the second set is greater than or equal to a preset threshold, that is, each third qubit to be adjusted is selected when the maximum operating frequency does not meet the frequency requirements corresponding to the hardware attributes of the same local oscillator. In addition, the maximum operating frequency difference between qubits connected to the same local oscillator in each qubit group of the fourth grouping result is definitely less than the preset threshold. This ensures that the qubits connected to the same local oscillator in each qubit group of the fourth grouping result are matched with the frequency requirements corresponding to the hardware attributes of the local oscillator. This effectively avoids the occurrence of abnormal phenomena caused by the qubits connected to the same local oscillator in each qubit group not meeting the frequency requirements corresponding to the hardware attributes of the local oscillator. As a result, the qubit groups in the fourth grouping result can be called to execute quantum computing tasks during the execution of quantum computing tasks, thus providing a guarantee for the parallel execution of quantum computing tasks.

[0057] The embodiments of this application will be described below through specific examples.

[0058] Regarding step S101 above, that is, grouping qubits according to the topological relationship between each first qubit in the target quantum chip to obtain a first grouping result including multiple first sets, each first set including a first qubit group and a second qubit group.

[0059] The target quantum chip described above can include multiple qubits (denoted as the first qubit). For example... Figure 2 As shown, Figure 2 This is a topological diagram of the target quantum chip provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 2 The target quantum chip shown is a 72-qubit quantum chip, meaning it comprises 72 first qubits, such as... Figure 2 The diagram shows qubits 1 through 72. The connection and positional relationships between these 72 qubits can be shown as follows: Figure 2 As shown.

[0060] When an electronic device groups the first qubits on a target quantum chip, it can group them according to the topological relationships between the first qubits to obtain multiple qubit groups. Then, it combines these multiple qubit groups pairwise to obtain a grouping result comprising multiple sets (denoted as the first set) (denoted as the first grouping result). Each first set includes two qubit groups: the first qubit group and the second qubit group.

[0061] For example, electronic devices can be based on the above. Figure 2The topological relationship between qubits 1 to 72 divides these 72 qubits into 8 qubit groups, with each qubit group containing 9 qubits. Electronic devices can then combine these 8 qubit groups in pairs to obtain 4 first sets.

[0062] In an optional embodiment, the number of the first sets included in the first grouping result can be a preset number. Accordingly, the number of qubit groups included in the first grouping result is twice the preset number.

[0063] In this embodiment, the number of first qubits in the target quantum chip and the topological relationship between each first qubit are not specifically limited. Depending on the number of first qubits on the target quantum chip and the different topological relationships between the qubits, the number of the first set and the number of qubit groups included in the first grouping result will also vary, and are not specifically limited here. For ease of understanding, the following only uses... Figure 2 The example shown is of a target quantum chip and is not intended to be limiting.

[0064] In an optional embodiment, when the first qubit is grouped into multiple qubit groups according to the topological relationship, the electronic device can group the first qubit according to a pre-constructed fixed topological structure (denoted as the preset topological structure) by flipping, translating or other operations on the preset topological structure.

[0065] For example, the preset topology is Figure 2 The topological structure shown is illustrated by qubits 1, 5, 15, 25, and 29. Electronic devices using... Figure 2 The edge containing qubit 1 is shown as the starting position. The qubits covered by each node in the topology are divided into a qubit group (denoted as group 1), i.e., qubit 1, qubit 5, qubit 15, qubit 25, and qubit 29 are divided into group 1. Electronic devices can utilize this preset topology... Figure 2 The topology diagram shown can be vertically flipped. For example, it can be flipped downwards based on the edge containing qubits 25 and 29, dividing the covered qubits 39, 49, and 53 into group 1. This process continues until no new qubits are covered, completing the division of all qubits in group 1. At this point, the electronic device can divide other qubit groups in the same way by moving the preset topology horizontally or vertically, thus achieving the grouping of all first qubits on the target quantum chip.

[0066] In this embodiment, the structure and number of nodes corresponding to the preset topology may vary depending on user settings and the connection method between qubits on the quantum chip. For example, the preset topology may also be... Figure 2 The topological structure shown is for qubit 1, qubit 5, qubit 15, qubit 25, qubit 29, qubit 39, qubit 49, and qubit 53. No specific limitations are imposed on the aforementioned preset topological structure.

[0067] In another optional embodiment, when the first qubit is grouped according to the topological relationship to obtain multiple qubit groups, the electronic device can group the qubits according to the distance relationship between each first qubit.

[0068] For ease of understanding, the above will still be used. Figure 2 The target quantum chip shown is used as an example for illustration. Now assume... Figure 2 The distance between adjacent first qubits on the target quantum chip shown is 1. Electronic devices can respectively use the above... Figure 2 The qubits 1-4 and 7-10 shown are used as starting points. For each starting point, find the horizontal and vertical distances of 4 and the 45-degree angular distance from that starting point. The electronic device finds qubits and assigns them to qubit groups. This process is repeated, starting with each qubit in each qubit group, until no new qubits are found. This completes the search for all qubits in each qubit group, resulting in multiple qubit groups.

[0069] In this embodiment of the application, the method by which the electronic device groups the first qubit on the target quantum chip into multiple qubit groups according to the above-mentioned topological relationship is not specifically limited.

[0070] In response to the above Figure 2 The target quantum chip shown can be divided into the following 8 quantum bit groups by the electronic device through the above step S101, as shown in Table 1.

[0071] Table 1

[0072] Quantum bit group Quantum bit First group 1、5、15、25、29、39、49、53、63 Second group 2、6、16、26、30、40、50、54、64 Third group 3、13、17、27、37、41、51、61、65 Fourth group 4、14、18、28、38、42、52、62、66 Fifth group 7、11、21、31、35、45、55、59、69 Sixth group 8、12、22、32、36、46、56、60、70 Seventh group 9、19、23、33、43、47、57、67、71 Eighth group 10、20、24、34、44、48、58、68、72

[0073] In Table 1 above, the left column shows all the qubit groups obtained by grouping, namely the first to the eighth group, and the right column shows the qubits included in each qubit group. For example, the first group includes qubit 1, qubit 5, qubit 15, qubit 25, qubit 29, qubit 39, qubit 49, qubit 53 and qubit 63.

[0074] In an optional embodiment, when combining multiple qubit groups obtained by grouping to obtain multiple first sets, the electronic device can combine them according to the positional relationship between qubits in different qubit groups to obtain multiple first sets.

[0075] For example, the positional relationship between the qubits in the second group shown in Table 1 and the qubits in the first group can be represented as: a qubit located 1 unit to the right of each qubit in the first group. Therefore, an electronic device can use a group of qubits with the same positional relationship as the first and second groups as a first set.

[0076] For example, the positional relationship between the qubits in the fifth group shown in Table 1 above and the qubits in the first group can be represented as: a qubit located 1 unit below each qubit in the first group. Therefore, electronic devices can use a group of qubits with the same positional relationship as the first and fifth groups as a first set.

[0077] In another optional embodiment, when combining multiple qubit groups obtained by grouping to obtain multiple first sets, the electronic device can combine them according to the operating frequency corresponding to the qubits in different qubit groups to obtain multiple first sets.

[0078] In an optional embodiment, each of the first sets described above includes two sets of qubits, namely a first set of qubits and a second set of qubits.

[0079] For example, regarding the above Figure 2 The target quantum chip shown has a quantum bit 1 whose operating frequency is greater than or less than the operating frequency of quantum bit 2 or quantum bit 7 because a frequency difference is required between adjacent quantum bits during quantum chip design. In this case, the electronic device can consider the quantum bit group including quantum bit 1 and the quantum bit group including quantum bit 2 or quantum bit 7 as two quantum bit groups in the same first set.

[0080] Depending on how the first set is obtained, the first and second qubit groups will also differ. That is, the relative positions or operating frequencies of the qubits in the first and second qubit groups will differ. For example, when the first set is obtained by combining qubits according to the aforementioned positional relationships, the first qubit group can be a group of qubits whose relative positions are on the left or above, and the second qubit group can be a group of qubits whose relative positions are on the right or below. As another example, when the first set is obtained by combining qubits according to the aforementioned operating frequencies, the first qubit group can be a group of qubits with a relatively high operating frequency, and the second qubit group can be a group of qubits with a relatively low operating frequency. Here, no specific limitations are made on the first and second qubit groups.

[0081] In the embodiments of this application, the combination methods and results of the above-mentioned multiple qubit groups can include various methods. Here, no specific limitation is made on the combination methods and results of the above-mentioned multiple qubit groups. For ease of understanding, the following description only uses the first and second groups in Table 1 as set 1, the third and fourth groups as set 2, the fifth and sixth groups as set 3, and the seventh and eighth groups as set 4, wherein the first qubit group includes the first, third, sixth, and eighth groups, and the second qubit group includes the second, fourth, fifth, and seventh groups as examples, and does not serve any limiting purpose.

[0082] For step S102 above, that is, for each first set, according to the target distance between the second qubit and the third qubit, the first operating frequency difference, and the first grouping condition, the first qubit to be adjusted in the first set is adjusted to the third qubit group to obtain the second grouping result; wherein, the second qubit is the qubit included in the first qubit group in the first set, the third qubit is the qubit included in the second qubit group in the first set, the first grouping condition is used to indicate the first frequency restriction condition corresponding to the parallel driving of two qubits at different distances, the first qubit to be adjusted is the second qubit or the third qubit, the third qubit group is the qubit group in the first set that does not include the first qubit to be adjusted, and the first grouping condition is satisfied between the first qubit to be adjusted and each qubit in the third qubit group.

[0083] In an optional embodiment, for each first set, the electronic device can, based on the target distance between the second and third qubits, the first operating frequency difference, and the first grouping condition, iterate multiple times to select a first qubit to be adjusted from the second qubits included in the first qubit group of the first set, and adjust the first qubit to be adjusted into the second qubit group of the first set to obtain a second grouping result. At this time, the first qubit to be adjusted is the second qubit in the first set, and the third qubit group is the second qubit group in the first set.

[0084] In another optional embodiment, for each first set, the electronic device can, based on the target distance between the second and third qubits, the first operating frequency difference, and the first grouping condition, iterate multiple times to select a first qubit to be adjusted from the third qubits included in the second qubit group of the first set, and adjust the first qubit to be adjusted into the first qubit group of the first set to obtain a second grouping result. In this case, the first qubit to be adjusted is the third qubit in the first set, and the third qubit group is the first qubit group in the first set.

[0085] The number of first qubits to be adjusted selected in each of the first sets can be empty, or one or more. Here, there is no specific limitation on the number of first qubits to be adjusted selected in each first set. The selection process for the first qubits to be adjusted is described below and will not be repeated here. For ease of understanding, the following explanation uses the example of the second qubit as the first qubit to be adjusted, and does not constitute any limitation.

[0086] The aforementioned first grouping condition indicates the frequency constraints for parallel operation of two qubits at different distances. In other words, if the distance and frequency difference between the two qubits satisfy the first grouping condition, it indicates that the two qubits can be operated in parallel; if the distance and frequency difference do not satisfy the first grouping condition, it indicates that the two qubits cannot be operated in parallel.

[0087] In an optional embodiment, the first grouping condition may include at least a first restriction condition, a second restriction condition, and a third restriction condition. For ease of understanding, please refer to Table 2 for further explanation.

[0088] Table 2

[0089] First grouping condition Distance Frequency restriction condition First restriction condition [d < dl] Δf ≥ f1 Second restriction condition [d1 < d < d2] [f2 < Δf < f3 or Δf > f2] Third restriction condition [d < d2] -

[0090] In the above Table 2, the above first constraint condition is the third frequency constraint condition corresponding to when the distance is less than or equal to the first preset distance (i.e., d ≤ d2 in the above Table 2), and the third frequency constraint condition is expressed as: the operating frequency difference is greater than or equal to the first preset frequency (i.e., Δf ≥ f2 in the above Table 2). Here, d is the distance between two qubits, d1 is the first preset distance, Δf is the operating frequency difference between two qubits, and f1 is the first preset frequency.

[0091] The above second constraint condition is the fourth frequency constraint condition corresponding to when the distance is greater than the first preset distance and less than or equal to the second preset distance (i.e., d1 < d ≤ d2 in the above Table 2), and the fourth frequency constraint condition is expressed as: the operating frequency difference is greater than or equal to the first preset frequency (i.e., Δf ≥ f1 in the above Table 2), or the operating frequency difference is greater than or equal to the second preset frequency and less than or equal to the third preset frequency (i.e., f2 ≤ Δf ≤ f3 in the above Table 2). Here, d2 is the second preset distance, f2 is the second preset frequency, and f3 is the third preset frequency.

[0092] The above third constraint condition is the fifth frequency constraint condition corresponding to when the distance is greater than the second preset distance (i.e., d > d2 in the above Table 2), and the fifth frequency constraint condition is expressed as: the operating frequency difference is any value (i.e., -, indicating that the frequency is not restricted in the above Table 2).

[0093] In the embodiments of the present application, the above first preset distance d1 is less than the second preset distance d2. For example, the first preset distance is 1 and the second preset distance is 4. The first preset frequency f1 is greater than the third preset frequency f3, and the third preset frequency f3 is greater than the second preset frequency f2.

[0094] In an optional embodiment, the above first preset frequency and third preset frequency can be set according to the first critical frequency of quantum state exchange between qubits. The above second preset frequency can be set according to the second critical frequency of qubit error driving between qubits.

[0095] The above first critical frequency is affected by the anharmonicity between two qubits. That is, when the operating frequency difference corresponding to two qubits approaches the first critical frequency, the quantum states corresponding to these two qubits will undergo a quantum state exchange.

[0096] For ease of understanding, take Figure 2Let's take qubit 1 and qubit 2 as examples. Assume the difference in operating frequencies between qubit 1 and qubit 2 is equal to the first critical frequency mentioned above. At a certain moment during quantum computing, the quantum state of qubit 1 is |1>, and the quantum state of qubit 2 is |0>. At this time, due to anharmonicity, the quantum states of qubit 1 and qubit 2 will exchange; that is, the quantum state of qubit 1 changes to |0>, and the quantum state of qubit 2 changes to |1>.

[0097] Furthermore, the aforementioned second critical frequency is affected by the frequency division characteristics between the two qubits. That is, when the operating frequency difference between the two qubits is less than the second critical frequency, driving one of the two qubits may cause the other qubit to be driven incorrectly.

[0098] For ease of understanding, we will continue with the example of qubit 1 and qubit 2. Let's assume the difference in operating frequencies between qubit 1 and qubit 2 is less than the second critical frequency mentioned above. During quantum computing, qubit 1 needs to be driven. However, due to the frequency segmentation characteristics, qubit 2 will also be driven simultaneously, leading to erroneous driving.

[0099] In an optional embodiment, the first critical frequency can be 200 MHz, and the second critical frequency can be 60 MHz. When setting the first and third preset frequencies based on the first critical frequency, the user can set a fixed error, considering that the operating frequency difference cannot approach the first critical frequency. For example, when the fixed error is 60 MHz, the first preset frequency can be 200 + 60 = 260 MHz, and the third preset frequency can be 200 - 60 = 140 MHz. When setting the second preset frequency based on the second critical frequency, the second preset frequency can be 60 MHz, or a value slightly larger than 60 MHz. Here, the magnitudes of the first, second, and third preset frequencies are not specifically limited.

[0100] Regarding the first constraint mentioned above, since the first preset distance is relatively small (e.g., between adjacent qubits), the operating frequency difference between qubits needs to be relatively large to ensure parallel driving of the qubits. In this case, the influence of the frequency division characteristic on the parallel driving of the two qubits can be ignored, and only the effect of anharmonicity needs to be considered. Specifically, this means that the operating frequency difference in the first constraint is greater than or equal to the first preset frequency.

[0101] Regarding the third constraint mentioned above, since the second preset distance is relatively large, the operating frequency difference between the qubits can be ignored. In other words, the effects of the aforementioned anharmonicity and frequency segmentation characteristics on the two qubits can be completely ignored. Specifically, the operating frequency difference in the third constraint can be any value.

[0102] Regarding the second constraint mentioned above, since the distance between the qubits is between the first and second preset distances (e.g., two qubits are second-nearest qubits), the distance between these two qubits can be considered relatively close. In this case, the effects of the aforementioned anharmonicity and frequency segmentation characteristics on the two qubits need to be considered simultaneously. Specifically, this means that the operating frequency difference in the second constraint is between the second and third preset frequencies, or the operating frequency difference is greater than or equal to the first preset frequency.

[0103] By using the distance restrictions in the first, second, and third restrictions mentioned above, a unique frequency restriction condition can be found for any distance.

[0104] In step S102 above, when the electronic device adjusts the qubits satisfying the first grouping condition in the first qubit group of each first set to the second qubit group in the first set, the number of the first qubit group may decrease or remain unchanged after the qubit adjustment is completed. That is, the number of the first qubit group may change, and in this case, the number of the first qubit group is at most the preset number mentioned above. Correspondingly, the number of the second qubit group included in the second grouping result remains unchanged, that is, the preset number mentioned above. Here, the number of the first qubit group in the second grouping result is not specifically limited.

[0105] For step S103 above, that is, for each fourth qubit group in the second grouping result, according to the first crosstalk coefficient and the second operating frequency difference between every two fourth qubits in the fourth qubit group, and the second grouping condition, the second qubit to be adjusted in the fourth qubit group is adjusted to the fifth qubit group to obtain the third grouping result; wherein, the second grouping condition is used to indicate the second frequency restriction condition corresponding to when two qubits cannot be driven in parallel under different crosstalk coefficients, and the second qubit to be adjusted is any one of the two fourth qubits that satisfy the second grouping condition.

[0106] The above second grouping condition is used to indicate the corresponding frequency limit condition when two qubits cannot be driven in parallel under different crosstalk coefficients. That is, when the crosstalk coefficients and the operating frequency difference corresponding to two qubits satisfy the second grouping condition, it indicates that these two qubits cannot be driven in parallel; when the crosstalk coefficients and the operating frequency difference corresponding to these two qubits do not satisfy the second grouping condition, it indicates that these two qubits can be driven in parallel.

[0107] In an optional embodiment, the above second grouping condition may at least include a fourth limit condition and a fifth limit condition. For ease of understanding, it will be described in conjunction with Table 3.

[0108] Table 3

[0109] Second grouping condition Crosstalk coefficient Frequency restriction condition Fourth restriction condition <k>k1 ​ Fifth restriction condition [k2≤ k ≤ k1] ​

[0110] In the above Table 3, the above fourth limit condition is the sixth frequency limit condition corresponding to when the crosstalk coefficient is greater than the first preset coefficient (i.e., k>k1 in the above Table 3), and the sixth frequency limit condition is expressed as: the operating frequency difference is less than the fourth preset frequency (i.e., Δf<f4 in the above Table 3). Here, k is the crosstalk coefficient between two qubits, k1 is the first preset coefficient, and f4 is the fourth preset frequency.

[0111] The above fifth limit condition is the seventh frequency limit condition corresponding to when the crosstalk coefficient is greater than or equal to the second preset coefficient and less than or equal to the first preset coefficient (i.e., k2≤k≤k1 in the above Table 3), and the seventh frequency limit condition is expressed as: the operating frequency difference is less than the fifth preset frequency (i.e., Δf<f5 in the above Table 3), or the operating frequency difference is greater than the sixth preset frequency and less than the fourth preset frequency (i.e., f6<Δf<f4 in the above Table 3). Here, k2 is the second preset coefficient, f5 is the fifth preset frequency, and f6 is the sixth preset frequency.

[0112] In the embodiment of the present application, the first preset coefficient k1 is greater than the second preset coefficient k2. For example, the first preset coefficient is 5%, and the second preset coefficient is 1%. The fourth preset frequency f4 is greater than the sixth preset frequency f6, and the sixth preset frequency f6 is greater than the fifth preset frequency f5.

[0113] In an optional embodiment, the above fourth preset frequency may be the same as the above first preset frequency, the above fifth preset frequency may be the same as the above second preset frequency, and the above sixth preset frequency may be the same as the above third preset frequency. For example, the above fourth preset frequency may be 260 MHz, the fifth preset frequency may be 60 MHz, and the sixth preset frequency may be 140 MHz.

[0114] In this embodiment, the crosstalk coefficient is used to indicate the magnitude of crosstalk between two qubits on the target quantum chip. The magnitude of the crosstalk coefficient is positively correlated with the magnitude of crosstalk between qubits. That is, the larger the crosstalk coefficient, the greater the crosstalk between the two qubits, i.e., the greater the noise, and the lower the accuracy of the quantum state representation obtained by performing quantum computing tasks; conversely, the smaller the crosstalk coefficient, the smaller the crosstalk between the two qubits, i.e., the smaller the noise, and the higher the accuracy of the quantum state representation obtained by performing quantum computing tasks.

[0115] Regarding the fourth constraint mentioned above, since the first preset coefficient is relatively large, when the crosstalk coefficient between two qubits exceeds this first preset coefficient, the crosstalk between the two qubits can easily lead to inaccurate representation of the quantum computing results. Under this condition, to maintain parallel operation of the two qubits, the operating frequency difference between them needs to be relatively large, such as greater than or equal to the fourth preset frequency. Correspondingly, when the operating frequency difference is less than the fourth preset frequency, the two qubits cannot be operated in parallel.

[0116] Regarding the fifth constraint mentioned above, since the second preset coefficient is relatively small, when the crosstalk between two qubits is between the first and second preset coefficients, the anharmonicity and frequency segmentation characteristics between the two qubits need to be considered comprehensively when assessing the impact of crosstalk on the accuracy of quantum state characterization. Specifically, if the operating frequency difference between the two qubits is less than the fifth preset frequency, or if the operating frequency difference between the two qubits is greater than the sixth preset frequency but less than the fourth preset frequency, then it can be determined that the two qubits cannot be driven in parallel. Conversely, if the operating frequency difference between the two qubits is between the fifth and sixth preset frequencies, or if the operating frequency difference between the two qubits is greater than or equal to the fourth preset frequency, then it can be determined that the two qubits can be driven in parallel.

[0117] In an optional embodiment, since the second preset coefficient is relatively small, when the crosstalk coefficient between two qubits is less than the second preset coefficient, the crosstalk between the two qubits can be ignored. In this case, the crosstalk between the two qubits will not affect the accuracy of the quantum computing results. Under this condition, any value of the operating frequency difference between the two qubits will not prevent the two qubits from being driven in parallel. That is, when the crosstalk coefficient between the two qubits is less than the second preset coefficient, it can be directly determined that the two qubits can be driven in parallel, and there is no situation where they cannot be driven in parallel.

[0118] In the above embodiments, only the second grouping condition is used as an example to illustrate the corresponding crosstalk coefficient and operating frequency difference when two qubits cannot be driven in parallel. When the above second grouping condition is used to indicate the corresponding crosstalk coefficient and operating frequency difference when two qubits can be driven in parallel, the second grouping condition may further include a frequency limit condition (i.e., the operating frequency difference can be any value) when the crosstalk coefficient is less than a second preset coefficient (i.e., k < k2). Here, the second grouping condition and the usage of the second grouping condition will not be specifically described.

[0119] Through the limitation of the crosstalk coefficient in the above fourth limitation condition and fifth limitation condition, all situations where two qubits cannot be executed in parallel can be reflected.

[0120] After obtaining the above second grouping result, the electronic device can, for each qubit group (denoted as the fourth qubit group) in the second grouping result, according to the first crosstalk coefficient and the second operating frequency difference between every two fourth qubits in the fourth qubit group, when these two fourth qubits meet the above second grouping condition, select one fourth qubit as the second qubit to be adjusted, and adjust the second qubit to be adjusted into a new qubit group (denoted as the fifth qubit group) to obtain a third grouping result. For the process of obtaining the third grouping result, refer to the following description and will not be elaborated here.

[0121] In the embodiments of the present application, for each fourth qubit group, as long as a second qubit to be adjusted is determined in the fourth qubit group, a fifth qubit group will be generated. Here, the number of the above fifth qubit groups and the number of the second qubits to be adjusted determined in each fourth qubit group are not specifically limited.

[0122] Regarding the above step S104, that is, for each fifth qubit group in the third grouping result, obtain the fifth qubits in the fifth qubit group that are connected to the same local oscillator source to obtain a second set.

[0123] In the above quantum computer, multiple local oscillator sources in the quantum computing measurement and control system can provide local oscillator signals required for quantum computing for the first qubits in the above target quantum chip. The number of local oscillator sources is less than the number of first qubits, that is, multiple first qubits in the target quantum chip can be connected to the same local oscillator source. For example, in the Figure 2 quantum computing measurement and control system corresponding to the target quantum chip shown, there can be 3 local oscillator sources. These 3 local oscillator sources are Figure 2 providing local oscillator signals for the 72 qubits shown.

[0124] For each fifth qubit group in the third grouping results above, if the fifth qubit group includes multiple qubits (denoted as fifth qubits), then there may be third qubits connected to the same local oscillator in the fifth qubit group. In this case, the electronic device can acquire the fifth qubits connected to the same local oscillator in the fifth qubit group as a second set.

[0125] In this embodiment of the application, based on the different number of fifth qubits and connected local oscillators in each fifth qubit group in the above third grouping results, and the different number of local oscillators included in the quantum computing measurement and control system, the number of second sets determined in each fifth qubit group can be empty or one or more.

[0126] Furthermore, each second set includes at least two fifth qubits. Here, the number of second sets determined in each group of fifth qubits, and the number of fifth qubits included in each second set, are not specifically limited.

[0127] In the aforementioned target quantum chip, each first qubit may include a pulse modulation line (i.e., the XY line) and a magnetic flux modulation line (i.e., the Z line). The pulse modulation line and magnetic flux modulation line corresponding to the first qubit can be communicatively connected to the signal source (including the aforementioned local oscillator) in the quantum computer through different line channels. The local oscillator is communicatively connected to the qubit via the pulse modulation line, providing the qubit with the local oscillator signal required for quantum computing.

[0128] In an optional embodiment, the electronic device can pre-store the correspondence between each line channel and the local oscillator. For each fifth qubit group in the third grouping result, the electronic device can determine the target line channel connected to the pulse modulation line corresponding to each fifth qubit in the fifth qubit group; according to the pre-stored correspondence between line channels and local oscillators, the local oscillator corresponding to the target line channel is determined as the local oscillator connected to the fifth qubit. For each fifth qubit group, the electronic device can, according to the local oscillator connected to each fifth qubit in the fifth qubit group, group the fifth qubits connected to the same local oscillator into the same set to obtain a second set.

[0129] In another optional embodiment, to improve the acquisition efficiency of the second set, the electronic device can pre-determine the local oscillator source connected to each first qubit based on the target line channel connected to the pulse modulation line corresponding to each first qubit and the aforementioned correspondence, thereby marking the local oscillator source connected to each first qubit as the marking information corresponding to each first qubit. When acquiring the second set, for each fifth qubit group, the electronic device can directly determine the local oscillator source connected to the fifth qubit based on the marking information corresponding to each fifth qubit in the fifth qubit group, thereby grouping fifth qubits connected to the same local oscillator source into the same set, thus obtaining the second set.

[0130] For step S105 above, that is, for each second set, when the maximum operating frequency difference between each fifth qubit in the second set is greater than or equal to a preset threshold, the third qubit to be adjusted in the second set is adjusted to the sixth qubit group according to the operating frequency corresponding to each fifth qubit in the second set, to obtain the fourth grouping result. The maximum operating frequency difference between qubits connected to the same local oscillator in each qubit group included in the fourth grouping result is less than the preset threshold. The preset threshold is determined based on the frequency requirement corresponding to the hardware attributes of the same local oscillator.

[0131] For each oscillator in the aforementioned quantum computing measurement and control system, due to the limitations of the oscillator's hardware properties, the operating frequencies of all qubits connected to the same oscillator need to be controlled within a certain frequency range, specifically, a positive and negative range of a certain frequency. For example, in the quantum computer corresponding to the aforementioned 72-qubit quantum chip, the frequency requirement corresponding to the hardware properties of each oscillator can be expressed as: a certain frequency f within ±250MHz, i.e., f ± 250MHz.

[0132] Based on the frequency requirements corresponding to the aforementioned hardware attributes of the same local oscillator, namely f±250MHz, the user can determine that the maximum operating frequency difference between all qubits connected to the same local oscillator is 500MHz. The user can set a preset threshold for the operating frequency difference between qubits according to the frequency requirements corresponding to the hardware attributes of the same local oscillator. For example, the preset threshold can be a value less than or equal to 500MHz, such as 500MHz, 400MHz, or 200MHz. The size of the preset threshold can be set according to user needs, and no specific limitation is made here.

[0133] For each of the aforementioned second sets, the electronic device can obtain the maximum operating frequency difference between each fifth qubit in that second set, and then compare this maximum operating frequency difference with the aforementioned preset threshold to obtain a first comparison result. This first comparison result indicates the relationship between the maximum operating frequency difference corresponding to the second set and the preset threshold. For example, the first comparison result may indicate that the maximum operating frequency difference corresponding to the second set is greater than or equal to the preset threshold, or it may indicate that the maximum operating frequency difference corresponding to the second set is less than the preset threshold.

[0134] In an optional embodiment, for each second set, if the first comparison result indicates that the maximum operating frequency difference corresponding to the second set is greater than or equal to the preset threshold, the electronic device can determine that the qubits in the second set do not match the frequency requirements corresponding to the local oscillator hardware attributes. In this case, if the qubits in the second set are used to perform quantum computing tasks, an anomaly will occur, such as the underlying devices in the quantum computer reporting an error, affecting the normal execution of the quantum computing task. Therefore, for each second set, when the electronic device determines that the maximum operating frequency difference corresponding to the second set is greater than or equal to the preset threshold, it can select the qubits in the second set that need to be grouped (denoted as the third qubit to be adjusted) and adjust the selected third qubit to be adjusted to a new qubit group (denoted as the sixth qubit group), obtaining a fourth grouping result.

[0135] For the second set whose maximum operating frequency difference is greater than or equal to a preset threshold, the number of third qubits to be adjusted selected in the second set can be one or more; and, excluding all the selected third qubits to be adjusted, the maximum operating frequency difference between the remaining fifth qubits in the second set is less than the preset threshold.

[0136] In this embodiment, for each fifth qubit group, the third qubit to be adjusted selected from the second set corresponding to that fifth qubit group will be adjusted to the same sixth qubit group. That is, the number of sixth qubit groups is less than or equal to the number of fifth qubit groups.

[0137] In an optional embodiment, when selecting the third qubit to be adjusted, the electronic device can select the third qubit to be adjusted according to the operating frequency corresponding to each fifth qubit in the second set, so that the maximum operating frequency difference between the qubits in the second set is less than a preset threshold when the third qubit to be adjusted is not included.

[0138] For ease of understanding, let's take set 5 as an example. Set 5 includes qubits 1 through 4, with operating frequencies of 6100MHz, 6200MHz, 6500MHz, and 6700MHz respectively. Assuming the preset threshold is 500MHz, since the maximum operating frequency difference between qubits in set 5 is 6700 - 6100 = 600 > 500, the electronic device needs to select a third qubit from set 5 to be adjusted. For example, the electronic device can select qubit 4 as the third qubit to be adjusted, or it can select qubits 1 and 2, or it can select qubits 3 and 4.

[0139] In another optional embodiment, when selecting the third qubit to be adjusted, the electronic device can calculate the operating frequency difference between every two fifth qubits based on the operating frequency corresponding to each fifth qubit in the second set, and then select the third qubit to be adjusted based on the calculated operating frequency difference. The specific selection process can be found in the description below, and will not be repeated here.

[0140] In the embodiments of this application, the selection method of the third quantum bit to be adjusted is not specifically limited.

[0141] Furthermore, depending on the number of second sets included in each fifth qubit group and the magnitude of the maximum operating frequency difference corresponding to each second set, the number of third qubits to be adjusted selected from each second set will vary. Correspondingly, the number of third qubits to be adjusted selected from each fifth qubit group will also vary. Here, no specific limitation is made on the number of third qubits to be adjusted selected from each second set and each fifth qubit group.

[0142] In this embodiment, for each second set, when the maximum operating frequency difference corresponding to the second set is less than the aforementioned preset threshold, the electronic device can determine that all fifth qubits in the second set meet the frequency requirements corresponding to the local oscillator hardware attributes. That is, no abnormal phenomena will occur when all fifth qubits in the second set are used in the quantum computing process. At this time, the electronic device can perform no processing on the qubits in the second set; that is, the electronic device will not select a third qubit to be adjusted from the fifth qubits included in the second set.

[0143] In one optional embodiment, for each fifth qubit group, if no third qubit to be adjusted is selected in the fifth qubit group, the electronic device may not perform grouping processing on the qubits in the fifth qubit group.

[0144] In the above embodiment, after obtaining the second grouping result, the electronic device first groups the qubits according to the second grouping conditions, and then groups the qubits according to the frequency requirements corresponding to the hardware attributes of the same local oscillator. That is, step S103 is executed first, followed by steps S104-S105. Alternatively, after obtaining the second grouping result, the electronic device can also first group the qubits according to the frequency requirements corresponding to the hardware attributes of the same local oscillator, and then group the qubits according to the second grouping conditions. That is, based on the second grouping result, steps S104-S105 are executed first, followed by step S103. Here, the execution order of steps S103 and steps S104-S105 is not specifically limited.

[0145] In an optional embodiment, according to the above... Figure 1 The method shown in this application also provides a method for adjusting qubits. For example... Figure 3 As shown, Figure 3 This is a schematic flowchart of a quantum bit adjustment method provided in an embodiment of this application. The method includes the following steps.

[0146] Step S301: For each first set, select a first target qubit from the second qubits included in the first set, and select a second target qubit from the third qubits included in the first set.

[0147] For each first set, since the first set includes only one first qubit group and one second qubit group, the second qubits in the first qubit group are all the second qubits in the first set, and the third qubits in the second qubit group are all the third qubits in the first set. The aforementioned first target qubit can be any second qubit in the first set, and the aforementioned second target qubit can be any third qubit in the first set.

[0148] In an optional embodiment, considering that the selection process of the first qubit to be adjusted can be an iterative process, in order to improve the selection rate of the first qubit to be adjusted, the first target qubit can be any unselected second qubit in the first set, and the second target qubit can be any unselected third qubit in the first set.

[0149] In an optional embodiment, for each first set, the electronic device may select the first target qubit and the second target qubit from the first set by means of random selection or by means of selection according to the corresponding identifier (such as number). Here, there is no specific limitation on the selection method of the first target qubit and the second target qubit.

[0150] Step S302: Obtain the first operating frequency difference and target distance between the first target qubit and the second target qubit.

[0151] For each first qubit in the aforementioned target quantum chip, there is a corresponding operating frequency when that first qubit participates in quantum computing. This operating frequency can be set by the user according to actual conditions or needs. Here, no specific limitation is made on the operating frequency corresponding to each first qubit.

[0152] The aforementioned first operating frequency difference can be the absolute value of the difference between the operating frequency of the first target qubit and the operating frequency of the second target qubit.

[0153] In one optional embodiment, when acquiring the first operating frequency difference, the electronic device can calculate it by separately acquiring the operating frequencies of the first target qubit and the second target qubit. Alternatively, to avoid wasting computational resources due to repeated calculations of the operating frequency difference, the electronic device can pre-store the operating frequency difference between every two first qubits. When acquiring the first operating frequency difference, the electronic device directly obtains the first operating frequency difference from its stored operating frequency difference. Here, the method of acquiring the first operating frequency difference is not specifically limited.

[0154] The target distance mentioned above can be the actual distance between the first target qubit and the second target qubit, or it can be the square or a multiple of the actual distance between the first target qubit and the second target qubit.

[0155] For example, an electronic device can calculate the Euclidean distance between the first target qubit and the second target qubit based on their position coordinates in the aforementioned target quantum chip, and use this distance as the target distance.

[0156] For example, to facilitate the comparison between the target distance and the distance in the first grouping condition, the electronic device can calculate the square of the Euclidean distance between the first target qubit and the second target qubit as the target distance.

[0157] In this embodiment, the method for calculating the target distance is not specifically limited. Furthermore, depending on the method used to calculate the target distance, the distances in the first grouping conditions will also differ. Therefore, the distances in the first grouping conditions (i.e., the first preset distance and the second preset distance) are not specifically limited here.

[0158] Step S303: Match the first working frequency difference with the first target frequency restriction condition corresponding to the target distance in the first grouping condition.

[0159] In this step, after obtaining the first operating frequency and target distance, the electronic device can determine the frequency restriction condition that matches the target distance in the first grouping conditions as the first target frequency restriction condition based on the target distance, and match the first operating frequency difference with the first target frequency restriction condition.

[0160] Depending on the magnitude of the target distance, the first target frequency restriction condition can be any one of the first, second, or third restriction conditions.

[0161] In an optional embodiment, when the target distance is less than or equal to the first preset distance, the electronic device can determine that the target distance matches the distance in the first limiting condition. At this time, the electronic device can determine the third frequency limiting condition in the first limiting condition as the first target frequency limiting condition, and match the first operating frequency difference with the first target limiting frequency, that is, compare the first operating frequency difference with the first preset frequency in the first limiting condition. If the first operating frequency difference is greater than or equal to the first preset frequency, the electronic device can determine that the first operating frequency difference matches the first target frequency limiting condition. If the first operating frequency difference is less than the first preset frequency, the electronic device can determine that the first operating frequency difference does not match the first target frequency limiting condition.

[0162] In another optional embodiment, when the target distance is greater than a first preset distance and less than or equal to a second preset distance, the electronic device can determine that the target distance matches the distance in the second limiting condition. At this time, the electronic device can determine the fourth frequency limiting condition in the second limiting condition as the first target frequency limiting condition, and match the first operating frequency difference with the first target limiting frequency, that is, compare the first operating frequency difference with the first preset frequency, the second preset frequency, and the third preset frequency in the second limiting condition, respectively. If the first operating frequency difference is greater than or equal to the first preset frequency, or the first operating frequency difference is greater than or equal to the second preset frequency and less than or equal to the third preset frequency, the electronic device can determine that the first operating frequency difference matches the first target frequency limiting condition. If the first operating frequency difference is less than the second preset frequency, or the first operating frequency difference is greater than the third operating frequency and less than the first preset frequency, the electronic device can determine that the first operating frequency difference does not match the first target frequency limiting condition.

[0163] In another optional embodiment, when the target distance is greater than the second preset distance, the electronic device can determine that the target distance matches the distance in the third limiting condition. In this case, the electronic device can determine the fifth frequency limiting condition in the third limiting condition as the first target frequency limiting condition. Since the frequency limiting condition in the third limiting condition is empty (i.e., the operating frequency difference can be any value), when the target distance is greater than the first preset distance, the electronic device can directly determine that the first operating frequency difference matches the first target frequency limiting condition.

[0164] Step S304: When the first operating frequency difference does not match the first target frequency restriction condition, it is determined that the first target qubit and the second target qubit do not meet the first grouping condition, and the process returns to the step of selecting the first target qubit from the second qubits included in the first set, until every second qubit in the first set is selected as the first target qubit.

[0165] When the aforementioned first operating frequency difference does not match the first target frequency constraint, the electronic device can directly determine that the first target qubit and the second target qubit do not satisfy the first target frequency constraint. Since only considering whether the first target qubit can be used as the first qubit to be adjusted, the electronic device can directly determine that the first target qubit does not satisfy the first grouping condition. At this time, the electronic device can determine that the first target qubit and the second target qubit cannot be driven in parallel. That is, the electronic device can directly determine that the first target qubit at the current moment cannot be adjusted to the second qubit group in its first set, i.e., the first target qubit cannot be used as the first qubit to be adjusted.

[0166] After determining that the first target qubit at the current moment cannot be used as the first qubit to be adjusted, the electronic device can continue to determine whether other second qubits in the aforementioned first set can be used as the first qubit to be adjusted. At this time, the electronic device can return to the step of selecting the first target qubit from the second qubits included in the first set in step S301, and repeat the execution of steps S301-S303 until every second qubit in the first set is selected as the first target qubit.

[0167] In an optional embodiment, when the electronic device returns to the step of selecting a first target qubit from the second qubits included in the first set in step S301 described above, the second target qubit at the current moment may or may not be reselected.

[0168] Step S305: When the first operating frequency difference matches the first target frequency constraint, return to the step of selecting a second target qubit from the third qubits included in the first set, until every third qubit in the first set is selected as the second target qubit.

[0169] When the aforementioned first operating frequency difference matches the first target frequency constraint, the electronic device can determine that the first target qubit and the second target qubit satisfy the first target frequency constraint. That is, the electronic device can determine that the first target qubit and the aforementioned second target qubit can be driven in parallel. Since the second qubit group of the aforementioned first set also includes other third qubits, in order to determine whether the first target qubit can be adjusted to the second qubit group containing the second target qubit, the electronic device needs to further determine whether the operating frequency difference between the first target qubit and the other third qubits in the second qubit group satisfies the corresponding first target frequency constraint. At this time, the electronic device can return to the step S301 above, where it selects the second target qubit from the third qubits included in the first set, iterating through steps S301-S303 until every third qubit in the first set is selected as the second target qubit.

[0170] Steps S304 and S305 described above are steps executed by the electronic device when the matching condition between the first operating frequency difference and the first target frequency limitation is different. Here, the execution of steps S304 and S305 is not specifically limited.

[0171] Step S306: When the first operating frequency difference between the first target qubit and all the second target qubits selected in the first set matches the corresponding first target frequency constraint, the first target qubit is adjusted as the first qubit to be adjusted to the second qubit group of the first set, and the process returns to the step of selecting the first target qubit from the second qubits included in the first set, until every second qubit in the first set is selected as the first target qubit.

[0172] After selecting all third qubits in the first set as second target qubits, if the first operating frequency difference between the current first target qubit and all selected second target qubits in the first set matches the corresponding first target frequency constraint, the electronic device can determine that the current first target qubit can be driven in parallel with all third qubits in the first set. At this point, the electronic device can designate this first target qubit as the first qubit to be adjusted, thereby adjusting this first qubit to be adjusted into the second qubit group of the first set.

[0173] After identifying a first qubit to be adjusted, the electronic device completes the iterative processing for the current first target qubit (i.e., the first qubit to be adjusted). At this point, the electronic device can continue to perform iterative processing for other second qubits in the aforementioned first qubit group. That is, the electronic device can return to the step S301 above, which involves selecting the first target qubit from the second qubits included in the first set, until every second qubit in the first set has been selected as the first target qubit.

[0174] Steps S301-S306 above are a refinement of one case in step S102 above, namely, a refinement of the qubit adjustment process when the first qubit to be adjusted is the second qubit. The adjustment of the qubit when the first qubit to be adjusted is the third qubit can be performed in accordance with the above method, and will not be specifically described here.

[0175] Through the above Figure 3 The method shown allows the electronic device to iteratively select the first qubit to be adjusted from the first group of qubits included in each first set, thereby achieving the discrimination of all second qubits in each first set, improving the accuracy of each first qubit to be adjusted, and thus improving the accuracy of the second grouping result mentioned above.

[0176] In an optional embodiment, according to the above... Figure 1 The method shown in this application embodiment also provides a third grouping result acquisition method. For example... Figure 4 As shown,Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a first method for obtaining the third grouping result provided in an embodiment of this application. The method includes the following steps.

[0177] Step S401: For each fourth qubit group in the second grouping result, select the first qubit pair that satisfies the second grouping condition based on the first crosstalk coefficient and the second operating frequency difference between every two fourth qubits in the fourth qubit group.

[0178] In this step, for each fourth qubit group in the second grouping result described above, the electronic device can match the first crosstalk coefficient and the second operating frequency difference between every two fourth qubits in that fourth qubit group with the crosstalk coefficient and frequency restriction conditions in the second grouping conditions. When the first crosstalk coefficient and the second operating frequency difference match the crosstalk coefficient and frequency restriction conditions in the second grouping conditions, the electronic device can determine the two fourth qubits corresponding to the first crosstalk coefficient and the second operating frequency difference as the first qubit pair satisfying the second grouping conditions.

[0179] In this embodiment of the application, for each fourth qubit group in the second grouping result described above, the number of first qubit pairs selected in the fourth qubit group can be empty or one or more. Here, there is no specific limitation on the number of first qubit pairs included in each fourth qubit group.

[0180] Step S402: Select one qubit from each first qubit pair as the second qubit to be adjusted.

[0181] In an optional embodiment, for each of the first qubit pairs described above, the electronic device may select any one of the qubits in the first qubit pair as the second qubit to be adjusted.

[0182] In another alternative embodiment, for each fourth qubit group, the electronic device can iteratively select a second qubit to be adjusted from the first qubit pair corresponding to that fourth qubit group. The iterative process is described below and will not be detailed here.

[0183] In the embodiments of this application, the number of second qubits to be adjusted selected in each fourth qubit group can be less than or equal to the number of first qubit pairs selected in the corresponding fourth qubit group. Here, the selection method of the second qubits to be adjusted and the number of second qubits to be adjusted selected in each fourth qubit group are not specifically limited.

[0184] Step S403: For each fourth qubit group, adjust all the second qubits to be adjusted in the fourth qubit group to the fifth qubit group to obtain the third grouping result.

[0185] Steps S401-S403 above are a refinement of step S103 above.

[0186] In steps S401-S403 above, the electronic device selects one qubit from each first qubit pair that meets the second grouping condition as the second qubit to be adjusted, thereby adjusting the second qubit to be adjusted to the fifth qubit group, realizing the grouping of two qubits in each first qubit pair, avoiding the parallel driving of two qubits in each first qubit pair in the same qubit group, and improving the accuracy of the third grouping result.

[0187] In an optional embodiment, according to the above... Figure 4 The method shown in this application embodiment also provides a third grouping result acquisition method. For example... Figure 5 As shown, Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of a second flowchart of the third grouping result acquisition method provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 5 The method shown above, step S401, can be further refined into the following steps, namely step S4011-step S4013.

[0188] Step S4011: For each fourth qubit group in the second grouping result, combine all the fourth qubits in the fourth qubit group to obtain multiple second qubit pairs.

[0189] In an optional embodiment, for each fourth qubit group in the second grouping result described above, if the fourth qubit group includes multiple fourth qubits, the electronic device can combine all the fourth qubits in the fourth qubit group in pairs to obtain multiple second qubit pairs.

[0190] For ease of understanding, let's take qubit group 1 (qubit A, qubit B, qubit C) as an example. Electronic devices can combine the qubits in qubit group 1 in pairs to obtain three second qubit pairs: qubit pair 1 (qubit A, qubit B), qubit pair 2 (qubit A, qubit C), and qubit pair 3 (qubit B, qubit C).

[0191] When the aforementioned fourth qubit group includes n fourth qubits, the number of second qubit pairs determined by the electronic device for the fourth qubit group can be: n*(n-1) / 2.

[0192] In another optional embodiment, for each fourth qubit group in the second grouping result described above, if the fourth qubit group contains only one fourth qubit, the electronic device will not obtain a second qubit pair when combining the fourth qubits in the fourth qubit group.

[0193] Step S4012: Obtain the first crosstalk coefficient and the second operating frequency difference between the two qubits in each second qubit pair.

[0194] In related technologies, the crosstalk between the aforementioned qubits can include various types. For example, crosstalk between pulse modulation lines (i.e., XY lines) on a qubit (denoted as XY crosstalk), and crosstalk between flux modulation lines (i.e., Z lines) on a qubit (denoted as ZZ crosstalk). The crosstalk coefficient can be the coefficient corresponding to any type of crosstalk, or it can be a coefficient obtained by superimposing different crosstalks. Here, no specific limitation is made on the aforementioned crosstalk coefficient.

[0195] For ease of understanding, the crosstalk coefficient mentioned above is taken as the coefficient corresponding to XY crosstalk, and the process of obtaining the crosstalk coefficient using qubit A and qubit B is explained as an example. When obtaining the crosstalk coefficient, the electronic device can perform an XY Cross experiment on qubit A and qubit B to obtain the crosstalk coefficient. Specifically, the electronic device can apply a driving signal to qubit A, thereby inducing Rabi oscillation in qubit B. At this time, the electronic device can calculate the crosstalk coefficient based on the amplitude of the driving signal and the amplitude of the Rabi oscillation.

[0196] The calculation method for the crosstalk coefficient mentioned above can be found in the relevant technical documentation, and will not be explained in detail here.

[0197] When acquiring the first crosstalk coefficient, the electronic device can calculate the crosstalk coefficient between the two qubits in each second qubit pair in real time. Alternatively, the electronic device can pre-store the crosstalk coefficient between every two first qubits on the target quantum chip. When acquiring the first crosstalk coefficient, the electronic device can obtain the first crosstalk coefficient corresponding to each second qubit pair from its stored crosstalk coefficients. Here, the method of acquiring the first crosstalk coefficient is not specifically limited.

[0198] The method for obtaining the second operating frequency difference can refer to the method for obtaining the first operating frequency difference, and will not be explained in detail here.

[0199] Step S4013: For each second qubit pair, if the second operating frequency difference between the two qubits in the second qubit pair matches the second target frequency constraint condition, then the second qubit pair is determined as a first qubit pair that satisfies the second grouping condition, wherein the second target frequency constraint condition is the frequency constraint condition in the second grouping condition that corresponds to the first crosstalk coefficient between the two qubits in the second qubit pair.

[0200] For each second qubit pair, after obtaining the first crosstalk coefficient and the second operating frequency difference between the second qubit pairs, the electronic device can determine the frequency constraint condition that matches the first crosstalk coefficient in the second grouping condition as the second target frequency constraint condition, thereby matching the second operating frequency difference with the second target frequency constraint condition.

[0201] For each second qubit pair, when the second operating frequency difference corresponding to the second qubit pair matches the second target frequency constraint, the electronic device can determine the second qubit pair as the first qubit pair that satisfies the second grouping condition.

[0202] In this embodiment of the application, the frequency restriction condition that matches the first crosstalk coefficient in the second grouping condition can be expressed as: the first crosstalk coefficient is within the range of the crosstalk coefficient corresponding to the frequency restriction condition; the matching of the second operating frequency difference with the second target frequency restriction condition can be expressed as: the second operating frequency difference is within the range of the frequency value corresponding to the second target frequency restriction condition.

[0203] Depending on the magnitude of the first crosstalk coefficient, the second target frequency restriction can be any of the fourth or fifth restriction conditions.

[0204] In an optional embodiment, when the first crosstalk coefficient is greater than the first preset coefficient, the electronic device can determine that the first crosstalk coefficient matches the crosstalk coefficient in the fourth limiting condition. At this time, the electronic device can determine the frequency limiting condition in the fourth limiting condition as the second target frequency limiting condition and match the second operating frequency difference with the second target limiting frequency, that is, compare the second operating frequency difference with the fourth preset frequency in the fourth limiting condition. If the second operating frequency difference is less than the fourth preset frequency, the electronic device can determine that the second operating frequency difference matches the second target frequency limiting condition, that is, the corresponding second qubit pair satisfies the second grouping condition. If the second operating frequency difference is greater than or equal to the second preset frequency, the electronic device can determine that the second operating frequency difference does not match the second target frequency limiting condition, that is, the corresponding second qubit pair does not satisfy the second grouping condition.

[0205] In another optional embodiment, when the first crosstalk coefficient is greater than or equal to the second preset coefficient and less than or equal to the first preset coefficient, the electronic device can determine that the first crosstalk coefficient matches the crosstalk coefficient in the fifth limiting condition. At this time, the electronic device can determine the frequency limiting condition in the fifth limiting condition as the second target frequency limiting condition and match the second operating frequency difference with the second target limiting frequency, that is, compare the second operating frequency difference with the fifth preset frequency, the sixth preset frequency, and the fourth preset frequency in the fifth limiting condition, respectively. If the second operating frequency difference is less than the fifth preset frequency, or the second operating frequency difference is greater than the sixth preset frequency and less than the fourth preset frequency, then the electronic device can determine that the second operating frequency difference matches the second target frequency limiting condition, that is, the corresponding second qubit pair satisfies the second grouping condition. If the second operating frequency difference is greater than or equal to the fifth preset frequency and less than or equal to the sixth preset frequency, or the second operating frequency is greater than or equal to the fourth preset frequency, then the electronic device can determine that the second operating frequency difference does not match the second target frequency limiting condition, that is, the corresponding second qubit pair does not satisfy the second grouping condition.

[0206] In another optional embodiment, when the first crosstalk coefficient is less than the second preset coefficient, the second target frequency restriction condition is empty. In this case, the electronic device can directly determine that the two qubits corresponding to the first crosstalk coefficient and the difference between the second operating frequency do not satisfy the second grouping condition.

[0207] Through the above steps S4011-S4013, the electronic device selects the first quantum bit pair that needs to be grouped for each second quantum bit pair in each fourth quantum bit group by matching the first crosstalk coefficient and the second operating frequency difference corresponding to the second quantum bit pair with the second grouping condition. This facilitates the electronic device to group the quantum bits in the above multiple fourth quantum bit groups and improves the accuracy of the quantum bit grouping results.

[0208] In an optional embodiment, according to the above... Figure 4 The method shown in this application embodiment also provides a third grouping result acquisition method. For example... Figure 6 As shown, Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of a third process for obtaining the third grouping result provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 6 In the method shown, step S402 can be further refined into the following steps, namely steps S4021-S4025.

[0209] Step S4021: For each fourth qubit group, obtain all first qubit pairs in that fourth qubit group to obtain the third set.

[0210] Step S4022: For each third set, count the number of repetitions corresponding to each fourth qubit in the third set.

[0211] In this embodiment of the application, for each of the aforementioned third sets, since the first qubit pair in the third set is selected from the aforementioned second qubit pair, the same qubit may appear once or multiple times in the third set. The electronic device can count the number of times each qubit (i.e., the fourth qubit) appears in the third set as the repetition count.

[0212] Step S4023: Select the fourth qubit with the highest repetition rate in the third set as the second qubit to be adjusted.

[0213] In an optional embodiment, for each third set, after determining the number of repetitions corresponding to each fourth qubit in the third set, the electronic device can sort all the fourth qubits in the third set in descending order of the number of repetitions to obtain a sorting result (denoted as the first sorting result). The electronic device can select the fourth qubit that is ranked first in the first sorting result (i.e., the fourth qubit with the highest number of repetitions) as the second qubit to be adjusted.

[0214] In the embodiments of this application, for each third set, when there are multiple fourth qubits with the highest repetition rate in the third set, the electronic device can randomly select one of the fourth qubits with the highest repetition rate as the second qubit to be adjusted.

[0215] In the above embodiments, the second qubit to be adjusted is determined based on the number of repetitions corresponding to each fourth qubit in the third set. Alternatively, the electronic device may determine the second qubit to be adjusted based on values ​​such as the proportion corresponding to each fourth qubit in the third set. Here, the method for determining the second qubit to be adjusted is not specifically limited.

[0216] Step S4024: Delete all first qubit pairs that include the second qubit to be adjusted in the third set to obtain the updated third set.

[0217] In this step, for each third set, the electronic device can traverse each first qubit pair in the third set, determine all first qubit pairs in the third set that include the second qubit to be adjusted, and delete all determined first qubit pairs, that is, delete all first qubit pairs in the third set that include the second qubit to be adjusted, to obtain the updated third set.

[0218] Through the above step S4024, the number of qubit pairs included in the updated third set can be empty or one or more.

[0219] Step S4025: For each updated third set, if the third set is not empty, return to the step of counting the number of repetitions corresponding to each fourth qubit in the third set, until the third set is empty.

[0220] In this step, for each updated third set, if the third set is not empty (i.e., if the third set includes a pair of first qubits that were not deleted), the electronic device can continue to obtain the second qubit to be adjusted from the third set. This means returning to step S4022 above, where the number of repetitions for each fourth qubit in the third set is counted, and repeating steps S4022-S4024 until the third set is empty at the current time.

[0221] For ease of understanding, we will take the first group in Table 1 above as an example. Now, let's assume that the third set corresponding to the first group (denoted as set 6) is represented as: {(1, 5), (1, 25), (1, 63), (15, 25), (15, 53)}.

[0222] Based on the number of repetitions corresponding to each fourth qubit in set 6, the electronic device can determine that the fourth qubit with the highest number of repetitions is qubit 1 in set 6. At this point, the electronic device can identify qubit 1 as the second qubit to be adjusted.

[0223] After identifying qubit 1 as the second qubit to be adjusted, the electronic device can delete all qubit pairs in set 6 that include qubit 1, i.e., delete {(1, 5), (1, 25), (1, 63)} from set 6. At this time, the updated set 6 is represented as: {(15, 25), (15, 53)}.

[0224] Since the updated set 6 is not empty, the electronic device can continue to select the second qubit to be adjusted through iteration. Therefore, the electronic device can re-execute steps S4022-S4024. At this time, the electronic device can determine qubit 15 in the updated set 6 as the second qubit to be adjusted and delete {(15, 25), (15, 53)}. Since set 6 is empty at this time, the electronic device will no longer iterate, completing the selection of all second qubits to be adjusted.

[0225] Through steps S4021-S4025, for each third set, after determining each second qubit to be adjusted in the third set, the electronic device deletes all first qubit pairs in the third set that include the second qubit to be adjusted. This makes the third set no longer include the first qubit pairs corresponding to the second qubit to be adjusted. Since the second qubit to be adjusted has the highest repetition rate, the number of first qubit pairs deleted each time is also relatively large. This can reduce the probability that other qubits in the deleted first qubit pairs are selected as the second qubit to be adjusted, that is, reduce the probability that two qubits in the same qubit pair are selected as the second qubit to be adjusted at the same time. This makes the number of second qubits to be adjusted selected in each third set the minimum, so that each fourth qubit group retains as many qubits as possible, which is convenient for calling qubit groups with more qubits as needed during the execution of quantum computing tasks.

[0226] For ease of understanding, we will still use set 6 as an example. For each pair of qubits in set 6, if the electronic device selects one qubit from each first qubit pair as the second qubit to be adjusted, for example, the electronic device can select qubit 1, qubit 25, qubit 63, qubit 15, and qubit 53 as the second qubits to be adjusted. Compared to selecting qubit 1 and qubit 15 as the second qubits to be adjusted using the method shown in steps S4021-S4025 above, the number of second qubits to be adjusted is significantly larger, and the number of remaining qubits in the corresponding qubit group will decrease. This is not conducive to the parallel execution of multiple quantum computing tasks in the later stage, or to the parallel execution of quantum computing tasks that require the use of more qubits.

[0227] In an optional embodiment, according to the above... Figure 1 The method shown in this application embodiment also provides a fourth grouping result acquisition method. For example... Figure 7 As shown, Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of a first step in the fourth grouping result acquisition method provided in an embodiment of this application. The method includes the following steps.

[0228] Step S701: For each second set, sort all fifth qubits according to the operating frequency corresponding to each fifth qubit in the second set to obtain the sorting result.

[0229] In an optional embodiment, for each second set, the electronic device can sort all the fifth qubits in the second set in ascending order of their operating frequencies to obtain a sorting result (denoted as the second sorting result).

[0230] In another alternative embodiment, for each second set, the electronic device can sort all the fifth qubits in the second set in descending order of their operating frequencies to obtain a second sorting result.

[0231] For ease of understanding, the following explanation uses the example of electronic devices being sorted in ascending order of their operating frequency, and does not serve as a limitation.

[0232] Step S702: Calculate the difference between the corresponding operating frequencies of the third target qubit and the fourth target qubit, which is taken as the maximum operating frequency difference between each fifth qubit in the second set. The third target qubit is the fifth qubit ranked first in the sorting result, and the fourth target qubit is the fifth qubit ranked last in the sorting result.

[0233] In this embodiment, for each second set, since the fifth qubits in the second sorting result are sorted in ascending or descending order of their operating frequencies, the two fifth qubits at both ends of the second sorting result are the qubit with the highest and lowest operating frequencies. Therefore, the electronic device can calculate the operating frequency difference between the fifth qubits at both ends of the second sorting result (i.e., the third and fourth target qubits mentioned above), which is the maximum operating frequency difference among all fifth qubits in the second set.

[0234] In one optional embodiment, if the electronic device sorts the fifth qubits in each second set in ascending order of operating frequency, then the fifth qubit ranked first in the second sorting result (i.e., the third target qubit) is the fifth qubit with the lowest operating frequency in the second set. Correspondingly, the fifth qubit ranked last in the second sorting result (i.e., the fourth target qubit) is the fifth qubit with the highest operating frequency in the second set.

[0235] Step S703: Compare the maximum operating frequency difference with a preset threshold.

[0236] Step S704: When the maximum working frequency difference is greater than or equal to a preset threshold, select the third qubit to be adjusted in the second set according to the working frequency difference between each two adjacent fifth qubits in the sorting result, and adjust the third qubit to be adjusted to the sixth qubit group to obtain the fourth grouping result.

[0237] In an optional embodiment, when selecting the third qubit to be adjusted, for each second set, if the maximum operating frequency difference corresponding to the second set is greater than or equal to a preset threshold, and if the second set includes at least three fifth qubits, the electronic device can calculate the operating frequency difference between every two fifth qubits in the second set, and select the third qubit to be adjusted in the second set based on the operating frequency difference between every two fifth qubits in the second set.

[0238] For ease of understanding, we will still use set 5 as an example. When an electronic device combines qubits 1 to qubit 4 in set 5 in pairs, it can obtain 6 combinations: (qubit 1, qubit 2), (qubit 1, qubit 3), (qubit 1, qubit 4), (qubit 2, qubit 3), (qubit 2, qubit 4), and (qubit 3, qubit 4). Correspondingly, the operating frequency differences of these 6 combinations are 100MHz, 400MHz, 600MHz, 300MHz, 500MHz, and 200MHz, respectively.

[0239] Now, assuming the preset threshold is 500MHz, since the maximum operating frequency difference in set 5 is 600MHz, which is greater than 500MHz, the electronic device can determine that a third qubit to be adjusted needs to be selected from set 5. At this point, the electronic device can sort qubits 1 through 4 according to their operating frequencies in ascending order, resulting in the sorted list: qubit 1, qubit 2, qubit 3, and qubit 4. Based on the aforementioned operating frequency differences, the electronic device can determine that the operating frequency difference less than and closest to the preset threshold is 400MHz, i.e., the operating frequency difference corresponding to (qubit 1, qubit 3). Therefore, the electronic device can select the fifth qubit in the sorted list, excluding the fifth qubit between qubit 1 and qubit 3, as the third qubit to be adjusted. That is, the electronic device can select qubit 4 as the third qubit to be adjusted.

[0240] Through steps S701-S704, the electronic device sorts all the fifth qubits in each second set according to the operating frequency of each fifth qubit in each second set. This makes it easier to directly determine the fifth qubit with the highest operating frequency and the fifth qubit with the lowest operating frequency in each second set based on the sorting results. Then, the operating frequency difference between these two fifth qubits is calculated to obtain the maximum operating frequency difference corresponding to each second set, which facilitates the acquisition of the maximum operating frequency difference corresponding to each second set.

[0241] In an optional embodiment, when acquiring the third qubit to be adjusted, for each second set, if the maximum operating frequency difference corresponding to the second set is greater than or equal to a preset threshold, and if the second set includes two fifth qubits, the electronic device can select the fifth qubit with the larger or smaller operating frequency as the third qubit to be adjusted. That is, the electronic device can select any fifth qubit from the second set as the third qubit to be adjusted. In this case, the electronic device may not need to perform the above steps. Figure 7 The sorting steps in the method shown.

[0242] Steps S701-S704 above are a refinement of step S105 above.

[0243] In an optional embodiment, according to the above... Figure 7 In addition to the method shown, this application embodiment also provides a fourth grouping result acquisition method. Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of a second flowchart of the fourth grouping result acquisition method provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 8 The method shown refines the above step S704 into the following steps, namely steps S7041-S7046.

[0244] Step S7041: When the maximum operating frequency difference is greater than or equal to a preset threshold, obtain the third operating frequency difference corresponding to the third qubit pair and the fourth operating frequency difference corresponding to the fourth qubit pair according to the sorting result; wherein, the third qubit pair is the first two fifth qubits in the sorting result, and the fourth qubit pair is the last two fifth qubits in the sorting result.

[0245] For each second set, after sorting all the fifth qubits in that second set, the electronic device can, based on the second sorting result, determine the two fifth qubits that appear first in the second sorting result as the third qubit pair, and the two fifth qubits that appear last in the second sorting result as the fourth qubit pair. The electronic device can obtain the third operating frequency difference between the two fifth qubits in the third qubit pair, and the fourth operating frequency difference between the two fifth qubits in the fourth qubit pair. The methods for obtaining the third and fourth operating frequency differences are the same as those for obtaining the first operating frequency difference, and will not be specifically described here.

[0246] For ease of understanding, we will still use the sorting result corresponding to set 5 above as an example. The two fifth qubits in the third qubit pair mentioned above are qubit 1 and qubit 2, that is, the operating frequency difference between qubit 1 and qubit 2 is the third operating frequency difference mentioned above. The two fifth qubits in the fourth qubit pair mentioned above are qubit 3 and qubit 4, that is, the operating frequency difference between qubit 3 and qubit 4 is the fourth operating frequency difference mentioned above.

[0247] In this embodiment of the application, since the third and fourth qubit pairs are located at opposite ends of the second sorting result, the third qubit pair may include the third target qubit and a fifth qubit adjacent to the third target qubit, and the fourth qubit pair may include the fourth target qubit and a fifth qubit adjacent to the fourth target qubit.

[0248] Furthermore, for each second set, depending on the number of qubits included in the second set, the third and fourth qubit pairs may include the same qubit, such as the second set including only three qubits; or, the third and fourth qubit pairs may include different qubits, such as the second set including four or more qubits.

[0249] In an optional embodiment, after obtaining the third operating frequency difference and the fourth operating frequency difference, the electronic device can compare the third operating frequency difference and the fourth operating frequency difference to obtain a second comparison result.

[0250] The second comparison result is used to indicate the magnitude relationship between the third operating frequency difference and the fourth operating frequency difference. When the second comparison result indicates that the third operating frequency difference is greater than the fourth operating frequency difference, the electronic device can execute step S7042; when the second comparison result indicates that the third operating frequency difference is less than the fourth operating frequency difference, the electronic device can execute step S7043; when the second comparison result indicates that the third operating frequency difference is equal to the fourth operating frequency difference, the electronic device can execute step S7044.

[0251] Step S7042: When the third working frequency difference is greater than the fourth working frequency difference, select the third target qubit as the third qubit to be adjusted.

[0252] Step S7043: When the third working frequency difference is less than the fourth working frequency difference, select the fourth target qubit as the third qubit to be adjusted.

[0253] Step S7044: When the third working frequency difference is equal to the fourth working frequency difference, select the third target qubit or the fourth target qubit as the third qubit to be adjusted.

[0254] For ease of understanding, we will still use set 5 above as an example. Now, let's assume that the third operating frequency difference is Δf3 and the fourth operating frequency difference is Δf4.

[0255] If Δf3 > Δf4, it indicates that the operating frequency difference between qubit 1 and qubit 2 is greater than the operating frequency difference between qubit 3 and qubit 4. In other words, the maximum operating frequency difference when qubit 1 is removed from set 5 is less than the maximum operating frequency difference when qubit 4 is removed from set 5. To improve the convergence speed of the iterative process, the electronic device can select qubit 1 as the third qubit to be adjusted.

[0256] If Δf3 < Δf4, it indicates that the operating frequency difference between qubit 1 and qubit 2 is less than the operating frequency difference between qubit 3 and qubit 4. In other words, the maximum operating frequency difference when qubit 1 is removed from set 5 is greater than the maximum operating frequency difference when qubit 4 is removed from set 5. To improve the convergence speed of the iterative process, the electronic device can select qubit 4 as the third qubit to be adjusted.

[0257] If Δf3 = Δf4, it indicates that the operating frequency difference between qubit 1 and qubit 2 is equal to the operating frequency difference between qubit 3 and qubit 4. In this case, the maximum operating frequency difference corresponding to qubit 1 and qubit 4 in set 5 is the same. Therefore, the electronic device can select either qubit 1 or qubit 4 as the third qubit to be adjusted.

[0258] In this embodiment, steps S7042-S7044 are steps performed by the electronic device when the comparison results between the third operating frequency difference and the fourth operating frequency difference are different. Here, the execution of steps S7042-S7044 is not specifically limited.

[0259] Step S7045: Adjust the third qubit to be adjusted to the sixth qubit group.

[0260] During the iteration process, after determining each third qubit to be adjusted, the electronic device can adjust that third qubit to be adjusted to a new qubit group (i.e., the sixth qubit group).

[0261] Step S7046: For each second set, if the second set includes multiple fifth qubits at the current time, return to the step of sorting all fifth qubits according to the operating frequency corresponding to each fifth qubit in the second set to obtain the sorting result, until the maximum operating frequency difference at the current time is less than a preset threshold, or until the second set includes only one fifth qubit at the current time.

[0262] After adjusting the selected third qubit to be adjusted to the sixth qubit group, the electronic device completes one iteration. At this point, the electronic device needs to determine whether to continue the iteration. That is, for each second set, if the current second set includes multiple fifth qubits, the electronic device can re-determine whether the maximum operating frequency difference of the current second set is greater than or equal to the aforementioned preset threshold. At this time, due to the adjustment of the third qubit to be adjusted, the electronic device can return to execute the above step S701, that is, return to execute the above step of sorting all fifth qubits according to the operating frequency corresponding to each fifth qubit in the second set to obtain the sorting result, thus repeating the above steps S701-S7045.

[0263] During the above iteration process, that is, during the repeated execution of steps S701-S7045, if the maximum operating frequency difference at the current moment is less than the preset threshold, the iteration terminates; or, if the second set at the current moment contains only one fifth qubit, the iteration terminates.

[0264] Through the steps S7041-S7046 described above, the electronic device can iteratively select all the third qubits to be adjusted in each second set when the maximum operating frequency difference is greater than or equal to a preset threshold, until the maximum operating frequency difference is less than the preset threshold at the current moment. This ensures that each second set can meet the frequency requirements corresponding to the hardware attributes of the same local oscillator without including the third qubits to be adjusted, thereby guaranteeing that the qubits in the second set can be called simultaneously in the same qubit group, providing a guarantee for the parallel execution of subsequent quantum computing tasks.

[0265] Furthermore, since the third qubit to be adjusted is selected iteratively, that is, only one third qubit to be adjusted is selected in each iteration, and the termination condition of the iteration process is that the maximum operating frequency difference at the current moment is less than a preset threshold or the second set contains only one qubit, the number of third qubits to be adjusted selected by the electronic device is relatively small. This allows each fifth qubit group to include as many qubits as possible, which facilitates the parallel execution of many quantum computing tasks or quantum computing tasks that require the use of many qubits in the later stage, thereby improving the parallelism of quantum computing.

[0266] In an optional embodiment, after obtaining the fourth grouping result described above, according to the above... Figure 1 The method shown in this application also provides a method for grouping qubits. For example... Figure 9 As shown, Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of a second flowchart of a quantum bit grouping method provided in an embodiment of this application. The method includes the following steps.

[0267] Step S901: Select a sixth qubit group as the first target qubit group and select a seventh qubit group as the second target qubit group. The seventh qubit group is any other qubit group in the fourth grouping result other than the fifth qubit group where the qubits in the sixth qubit group and the first target qubit group originally reside.

[0268] In the above embodiments, during the process of adjusting the third qubit to be adjusted to the sixth qubit group, the third qubit to be adjusted is selected from the second set only when the maximum operating frequency difference corresponding to the second set is greater than or equal to the preset threshold. Therefore, the number of the sixth qubit groups can be empty, or one or more. The number of sixth qubit groups matches the number of second sets whose maximum operating frequency difference is greater than or equal to the preset threshold. That is, when the maximum operating frequency difference corresponding to the second set is greater than or equal to the preset threshold, there will be a corresponding sixth qubit group, and all the third qubits to be adjusted selected from the second set will be adjusted to the sixth qubit group. Here, the number of the sixth qubit groups is not specifically limited.

[0269] When there are one or more sixth qubit groups, the electronic device can select one qubit group from any sixth qubit group as the first target qubit group, and the electronic device can also select one qubit group from any seventh qubit group as the second target qubit group.

[0270] The aforementioned seventh qubit group refers to the other qubit groups in the fourth grouping result, excluding the fifth qubit group where the qubits in the sixth qubit group and the first target qubit group originally reside.

[0271] For ease of understanding, we will use four fifth qubit groups (i.e., qubit group 1 to qubit 4, denoted as G) to represent them. 11 G 12 G 13 G 14 Let's take an example to illustrate.

[0272] Now assume that in each of the four fifth qubit groups, a corresponding third qubit to be adjusted is selected, and that there are remaining qubits in each group. The sixth qubit group to which the third qubit to be adjusted in each third qubit group is denoted as G. 21 G 22 G 33 G 34 The adjusted fifth qubit group is denoted as: G 11′ G 12′ G 13′ G 14′ At this point, the fourth grouping result mentioned above includes the following set of qubits: G 21 G 22 G 23 G 24 G 11′ G 12′ G 13′ G 14′ .

[0273] When selecting the first target qubit group and the second target qubit group, the electronic device can select G. 21 G 22 G 23 G 24 Any group of qubits in G can be selected as the first target qubit group. For example, G can be selected. 21 This is the first target qubit group. At this point, the aforementioned seventh qubit group does not include all of the sixth qubit groups, nor G. 21 The fifth qubit group, G, where the middle qubit originally resided. 11 That is, the seventh qubit group includes G 12′ G 13′ G 14′ The electronic device can select any seventh qubit group as the second target qubit group, for example, selecting G 12′ As the second target qubit group.

[0274] In the embodiments of this application, the first target qubit group and the second target qubit group are not specifically limited.

[0275] Step S902: For each sixth qubit in the first target qubit group, determine whether the sixth qubit and each seventh qubit satisfy the second grouping condition based on the second crosstalk coefficient and the fifth operating frequency difference between the sixth qubit and each seventh qubit in the second target qubit group.

[0276] For each qubit in the first target qubit group (denoted as the sixth qubit), the electronic device can obtain a second crosstalk coefficient and a fifth operating frequency difference between the sixth qubit and each qubit in the second target qubit group (denoted as the seventh qubit). The method for obtaining the second crosstalk coefficient and the fifth operating frequency difference can refer to the method for obtaining the first crosstalk coefficient and the first operating frequency difference, and will not be specifically described here.

[0277] After obtaining the second crosstalk coefficient and the fifth operating frequency difference, the electronic device can determine whether the sixth qubit and each of the seventh qubits satisfy the second grouping condition based on the second crosstalk coefficient and the fifth operating frequency difference between the sixth qubit and each of the seventh qubits. That is, for each seventh qubit, the electronic device can match the second crosstalk coefficient and the fifth operating frequency difference between the sixth qubit and that seventh qubit with the second grouping condition. When the second crosstalk coefficient and the fifth operating frequency difference between the sixth qubit and all the seventh qubits satisfy the corresponding constraint condition, the electronic device can determine that the sixth qubit and each of the seventh qubits satisfy the second grouping condition. When the second crosstalk coefficient and the fourth operating frequency difference between the sixth qubit and any of the seventh qubits do not satisfy the corresponding constraint condition, the electronic device can determine that the sixth qubit and that seventh qubit do not satisfy the second grouping condition.

[0278] The comparison between the second crosstalk coefficient and the fifth operating frequency difference between the sixth and seventh qubits and the second grouping condition can be referred to the selection method of the second qubit to be adjusted, and will not be explained in detail here.

[0279] Step S903: When the second grouping condition is not satisfied between the sixth qubit and all the seventh qubits, obtain the fourth set according to the target local oscillator connected to the sixth qubit. The fourth set includes all the seventh qubits connected to the target local oscillator in the sixth qubit and the second target qubit group.

[0280] In this step, for each sixth qubit, if the second grouping condition is not satisfied between the sixth qubit and all seventh qubits, the electronic device can determine that the sixth qubit can be driven in parallel with all seventh qubits in the second target qubit group. At this time, the electronic device can acquire the sixth qubit and all seventh qubits in the second target qubit group that are connected to the same local oscillator source as the sixth qubit, thus obtaining the fourth set.

[0281] The fourth set mentioned above can include multiple qubits. No specific limit is placed on the number of qubits in the fourth set.

[0282] In an optional embodiment, for each sixth qubit, if there is no seventh qubit in the second target qubit group that is connected to the same local oscillator as the sixth qubit, the electronic device can directly adjust the sixth qubit as the fourth qubit to be adjusted to the second target qubit group at the current moment.

[0283] Step S904: When the maximum operating frequency difference corresponding to the fourth set is less than a preset threshold, the sixth qubit is adjusted to the second target qubit group as the fourth qubit to be adjusted.

[0284] In this step, for each sixth qubit, if the maximum operating frequency difference in the fourth set including that sixth qubit is less than the aforementioned preset threshold, the electronic device can determine that the operating frequencies of the qubits in the fourth set meet the frequency requirements corresponding to the same local oscillator hardware attributes. At this point, the electronic device can adjust that sixth qubit as the fourth qubit to be adjusted to the second target qubit group.

[0285] In an optional embodiment, for each sixth qubit, if the maximum operating frequency difference in the fourth set including the sixth qubit is greater than or equal to the aforementioned preset threshold, the electronic device can determine that the operating frequencies of the qubits in the fourth set do not meet the frequency requirements corresponding to the same local oscillator hardware attributes. In this case, the electronic device cannot adjust the sixth qubit to the second target qubit group. That is, the sixth qubit remains in the first target qubit group.

[0286] Step S905: When the second grouping condition is met between the sixth qubit and any seventh qubit, return to the step of selecting a seventh qubit group as the second target qubit group, until every seventh qubit group is selected as the second target qubit group, or until the sixth qubit is adjusted to the second target qubit group at the current moment.

[0287] In this step, for each sixth qubit, when the sixth qubit and any seventh qubit satisfy the aforementioned second grouping condition, the electronic device can determine that the sixth qubit and the seventh qubit in the second target qubit group do not satisfy the frequency requirement corresponding to the hardware attribute of the same local oscillator, that is, it can determine that the sixth qubit cannot be driven in parallel with all the seventh qubits in the second target qubit group. At this time, the electronic device can determine that the sixth qubit cannot be adjusted to the second target qubit group at the current moment.

[0288] When there are multiple seventh qubit groups, after determining that the sixth qubit at the current moment cannot be adjusted to the second target qubit group, the electronic device needs to continue determining whether the sixth qubit can be adjusted to another seventh qubit group. At this time, the electronic device can return to the step S901 above, where a seventh qubit group is selected as the second target qubit group, until every seventh qubit group is selected as the second target qubit group, or until the sixth qubit is adjusted to the second target qubit group at the current moment.

[0289] In an optional embodiment, when the number of the aforementioned seventh qubit groups is one, the electronic device may not perform the aforementioned step S905. That is, for each sixth qubit, after determining that the sixth qubit satisfies the second grouping condition with any seventh qubit, the electronic device completes the iterative process for that sixth qubit.

[0290] Step S906: After the sixth qubit is adjusted to the second target qubit group at the current time, or when every seventh qubit group is selected as the second target qubit group and the sixth qubit is not adjusted to the second target qubit group at the current time, return to the step of selecting a sixth qubit group as the first target qubit group, until every sixth qubit group is selected as the first target qubit group.

[0291] In this step, for each sixth qubit, after completing the iteration process for that sixth qubit, the electronic device can continue to iterate on the qubits in other sixth qubit groups. That is, the electronic device can return to the step of selecting a sixth qubit group as the first target qubit group in step S901 above, until every sixth qubit group has been selected as the first target qubit group.

[0292] In this embodiment, for each sixth qubit, if the sixth qubit is adjusted to the second target qubit group at the current moment, the electronic device can determine that the iteration process for the sixth qubit has been completed. Alternatively, when each seventh qubit group is selected as the second target qubit group, and the sixth qubit has not yet been adjusted to the second target qubit group at the current moment, that is, when it is determined that the sixth qubit cannot be adjusted to any seventh qubit group, the electronic device can determine that the iteration process for the sixth qubit has been completed.

[0293] In an optional embodiment, when the fourth grouping result above includes only one sixth qubit group, the electronic device may not perform the above step S906.

[0294] In this embodiment of the application, steps S901-S906 are described above. Figure 1 The procedure shown in step S105 is executed afterward.

[0295] During the adjustment process of the fourth set of qubits to be adjusted, the number of qubits in each set of qubits (i.e., the sixth set of qubits and the seventh set of qubits) may change, which may lead to a decrease in the number of qubits in the sixth set of qubits, but will not affect the number of qubits in the seventh set of qubits.

[0296] For ease of understanding, the results of the fourth group mentioned above still include: G 21 G 22 G 23 G 24 G 11′ G 12′ G 13′ G 14′ Let's take an example to illustrate. Now assume that each sixth qubit group contains a fourth qubit to be adjusted, and all fourth qubits to be adjusted are adjusted to G... 13′ G 14′ In the middle. The grouping result after adjusting the fourth qubit to be adjusted can be expressed as: G 21′ G 22′ G 23′ G 24′ G 11′ G 12′ G 13″ G 14″ Among them, G 21′ G 22′ G 33′ G 24′ The number of qubits included has been reduced, meaning that the fourth qubit to be adjusted is no longer included. 13″ G 14″ The number of qubits included increases, that is, G is added. 21 G 22 G 23 G 24 The fourth qubit to be adjusted in the process.

[0297] Through the above steps S901-S906, the electronic device can select the fourth qubit to be adjusted in each sixth qubit group to be adjusted into the seventh qubit group according to the above second grouping conditions and the frequency requirements corresponding to the same local oscillator hardware attributes, thereby realizing the grouping of qubits in the sixth qubit group and improving the accuracy of qubit grouping results.

[0298] In an optional embodiment, when the number of the aforementioned sixth qubit group is empty, the electronic device may not perform any operation. Figure 9 The method shown.

[0299] In an optional embodiment, according to the above... Figure 9 The method shown in this application also provides a method for grouping qubits. For example... Figure 10 As shown, Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of a third process for a quantum bit grouping method provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 10 The method shown includes the following steps, namely steps S907-S911.

[0300] Step S907: Combine the remaining sixth qubits in each sixth qubit group to obtain the eighth qubit group.

[0301] In this embodiment of the application, for each sixth qubit group in the above-mentioned fourth grouping result, after the electronic device adjusts the fourth qubit to be adjusted in the sixth qubit group to the seventh qubit group, there may still be sixth qubits in the sixth qubit group that cannot be adjusted. At this time, the electronic device can merge all the remaining sixth qubit groups in all the sixth qubit groups to obtain the eighth qubit group.

[0302] For ease of understanding, let's still use the above G... 21′ G 22′ G 23′ G 24′ G 11′ G 12′ G 13″ G 14″ Let's take an example. After adjusting the fourth qubit to be adjusted, the remaining qubits in the sixth qubit group are G. 21′ G 22′ G 23′ G 24′ The qubits included. Electronic devices can access G. 21′ G 22′ G 23′ G 24′ The qubits in the array are combined to obtain the eighth qubit group.

[0303] Step S908: Based on the third crosstalk coefficient and the sixth operating frequency difference between every two eighth qubits in the eighth qubit group, and the second grouping condition, each eighth qubit is adjusted to the ninth qubit group or the tenth qubit group respectively. In the ninth qubit group, the second grouping condition is not satisfied between every two eighth qubits, and each tenth qubit group includes one eighth qubit other than the qubits in the ninth qubit group.

[0304] In this step, the electronic device can obtain the third crosstalk coefficient and the sixth operating frequency difference between every two eighth qubits in the eighth qubit group. The electronic device can match the third crosstalk coefficient and the sixth operating frequency difference between every two eighth qubits with the aforementioned second grouping condition, thereby dividing each eighth qubit in the eighth qubit group into the ninth qubit group or the tenth qubit group according to the matching result of every two eighth qubits with the second grouping condition.

[0305] The number of the aforementioned ninth and tenth qubit groups can be empty, or one or more. Furthermore, for each ninth qubit group, the second grouping condition described above must not be satisfied between any two eighth qubits within that group. Each tenth qubit group includes one eighth qubit other than those in the ninth qubit group. Here, no specific limitation is made on the number of the aforementioned ninth and tenth qubit groups, or the number of qubits included in the ninth qubit group.

[0306] In one optional embodiment, the electronic device can directly determine the qubits that satisfy the second grouping condition and the qubits that do not satisfy the second grouping condition based on the sixth operating frequency difference and the third crosstalk coefficient corresponding to every two eighth qubits in the eighth qubit group. The qubits that satisfy the second grouping condition are then moved to different qubit groups (i.e., the tenth qubit group), and at least two qubits that do not satisfy the second grouping condition are moved to the same qubit group (i.e., the ninth qubit group).

[0307] For ease of understanding, let's take the eighth qubit group, including qubit AE, as an example. Now, assume that the following qubit pairs do not satisfy the second grouping condition: qubit A and qubit B, qubit B and qubit C, qubit A and qubit C; while qubit D and qubit E satisfy the second grouping condition. In this case, the electronic device can adjust qubit A-qubit C to the same qubit group (i.e., the ninth qubit group mentioned above), and adjust qubit D and qubit E to two different qubit groups (i.e., the tenth qubit group mentioned above).

[0308] In another alternative embodiment, the electronic device can adjust the eighth qubit in the eighth qubit group to the ninth or tenth qubit group by iterating through multiple iterations based on the sixth operating frequency difference and the third crosstalk coefficient corresponding to every two eighth qubits in the eighth qubit group.

[0309] For ease of understanding, we will still use the eighth qubit group, including qubit AE, as an example for explanation.

[0310] When an electronic device determines that qubit A and qubit B do not meet the second grouping condition, it can adjust qubit A and qubit B into a qubit group (denoted as group 2).

[0311] For qubit C, the electronic device can determine whether qubit C can be moved to group 2, that is, whether qubit C satisfies the second grouping condition mentioned above with each qubit in group 2. If qubit C can be moved to group 2, it is moved to group 2; if qubit C cannot be moved to group 2, it is moved to a separate qubit group (denoted as group 3). This process is repeated for qubits D and E, determining whether they can be moved to the currently established qubit groups. If not, a new qubit group is established separately.

[0312] Step S909: For each ninth qubit group, obtain the qubits connected to the same local oscillator source in that ninth qubit group to obtain the fifth set.

[0313] In an optional embodiment, for each ninth qubit group, if the ninth qubit group does not include an eighth qubit connected to the same local oscillator, the electronic device may not perform the above step S909.

[0314] Step S910: For each fifth set, when the maximum operating frequency difference between each ninth qubit in the fifth set is greater than or equal to a preset threshold, the fifth qubit to be adjusted in the fifth set is adjusted to the eleventh qubit group according to the operating frequency corresponding to each ninth qubit in the fifth set, to obtain the fifth grouping result. The maximum operating frequency difference between qubits connected to the same local oscillator in each qubit group included in the fifth grouping result is less than the preset threshold.

[0315] In this step, for each fifth set, the electronic device can determine the maximum operating frequency difference between each ninth qubit in the fifth set and compare this maximum operating frequency difference with a preset threshold. When the maximum operating frequency difference of the ninth qubit corresponding to the fifth set is greater than or equal to the preset threshold, the electronic device can select all the fifth qubits to be adjusted in the fifth set according to the operating frequency corresponding to each ninth qubit in the fifth set, thereby adjusting the fifth qubit to be adjusted to a new qubit group (denoted as the eleventh qubit group), and obtaining the fifth grouping result.

[0316] The selection method for the fifth qubit to be adjusted mentioned above can refer to the selection method for the third qubit to be adjusted mentioned above, and will not be explained in detail here.

[0317] Step S911: Merge the qubits in the 10th qubit group and the 11th qubit group to obtain the 12th qubit group, and use the 12th qubit group as the 8th qubit group. Return to execute the step of adjusting each 8th qubit to the 9th qubit group or the 10th qubit group respectively according to the third crosstalk coefficient and the sixth operating frequency difference between every two 8th qubits in the 8th qubit group, as well as the second grouping condition, until the 12th qubit group is empty, or until the 12th qubit group includes one qubit.

[0318] In this step, the aforementioned tenth and eleventh qubit groups include ungrouped qubits. The electronic device can merge the qubits in the tenth and eleventh qubit groups to obtain the twelfth qubit group. At this time, the electronic device can group the qubits in the twelfth qubit group according to the aforementioned second grouping condition and the frequency requirements corresponding to the same local oscillator hardware attributes. Specifically, the electronic device can treat the twelfth qubit group as the eighth qubit group and return to execute the step S908 above, which adjusts each eighth qubit to the ninth or tenth qubit group according to the third crosstalk coefficient and the sixth operating frequency difference between every two eighth qubits in the eighth qubit group, as well as the second grouping condition. This allows for the repeated execution of steps S908-S910 until the current tenth qubit group is empty, or until the current tenth qubit group contains only one qubit.

[0319] Through steps S907-S911, the electronic device can group the remaining qubits in the sixth qubit group according to the second grouping conditions and the frequency requirements corresponding to the same local oscillator hardware attributes, thereby achieving grouping of all qubits in the target quantum chip, improving the accuracy of qubit grouping, and thus providing a guarantee for the parallel execution of subsequent quantum computing tasks.

[0320] In an optional embodiment, when all the sixth qubits in the sixth qubit group in the above fourth grouping result are adjusted to different seventh qubit groups, the electronic device may not perform the above steps. Figure 10 The method shown.

[0321] In the above Figure 9 and Figure 10 In the illustrated embodiment, after obtaining the fourth grouping structure, the electronic device groups the qubits in the sixth qubit group according to the second grouping conditions and the frequency requirements corresponding to the same local oscillator hardware attributes. Alternatively, the electronic device can also group the qubits in the sixth qubit group according to the first grouping conditions and the frequency requirements corresponding to the same local oscillator hardware attributes; the specific process can be referred to the above.Figure 9 and Figure 10 The embodiments shown are not described in detail here.

[0322] In an optional embodiment, when there are multiple fifth qubit groups, according to the above... Figure 1 The method shown in this application also provides a method for grouping qubits. For example... Figure 11 As shown, Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of a fourth method for grouping qubits provided in an embodiment of this application. The method includes the following steps.

[0323] Step S1101: Group the qubits according to the topological relationship between each first qubit in the target quantum chip to obtain a first grouping result including multiple first sets, each first set including a first qubit group and a second qubit group.

[0324] Step S1102: For each first set, based on the target distance between the second and third qubits, the first operating frequency difference, and the first grouping condition, adjust the first qubit to be adjusted in the first set to the third qubit group to obtain the second grouping result; wherein, the second qubit is the qubit included in the first qubit group in the first set, the third qubit is the qubit included in the second qubit group in the first set, the first grouping condition is used to indicate the first frequency restriction condition corresponding to the parallel driving of two qubits at different distances, the first qubit to be adjusted is the second qubit or the third qubit, the third qubit group is the qubit group in the first set that does not include the first qubit to be adjusted, and the first qubit to be adjusted and each qubit in the third qubit group satisfy the first grouping condition.

[0325] Step S1103: For each fourth qubit group in the second grouping result, based on the first crosstalk coefficient and the second operating frequency difference between every two fourth qubits in the fourth qubit group, and the second grouping condition, adjust the second qubit to be adjusted in the fourth qubit group to the fifth qubit group to obtain the third grouping result; wherein, the second grouping condition is used to indicate the second frequency restriction condition corresponding to when two qubits cannot be driven in parallel under different crosstalk coefficients, and the second qubit to be adjusted is any one of the two fourth qubits that satisfy the second grouping condition.

[0326] The steps S1101-S1103 described above are the same as those steps S101-S103 described above.

[0327] Step S1104: Obtain all fifth qubit groups in the third grouping results as the sixth set.

[0328] Step S1105: Select the third target qubit group and the fourth target qubit group from the sixth set.

[0329] The aforementioned third and fourth target qubit groups can be any two fifth qubit groups from the sixth set. No specific limitations are imposed on the aforementioned third and fourth target qubit groups.

[0330] Step S1106: For each tenth qubit in the third target qubit group, determine whether the tenth qubit and each eleventh qubit satisfy the second grouping condition based on the fourth crosstalk coefficient and the seventh operating frequency difference between the tenth qubit and each eleventh qubit in the fourth target qubit group.

[0331] In this step, for each qubit in the third target qubit group (denoted as the tenth qubit), the electronic device can determine whether the tenth qubit and each eleventh qubit satisfy the above-mentioned second grouping condition based on the fourth crosstalk coefficient and the seventh operating frequency difference corresponding to the tenth qubit and each qubit in the fourth target qubit group (denoted as the eleventh qubit), and then determine whether the tenth qubit can be adjusted to the fourth target qubit group.

[0332] In an optional embodiment, for each tenth qubit, when the fourth crosstalk coefficient and the seventh operating frequency difference between the tenth qubit and any eleventh qubit in the fourth target qubit group satisfy the aforementioned second grouping condition, the electronic device can determine that the tenth qubit cannot be driven in parallel with the eleventh qubit. That is, the electronic device can determine that the tenth qubit cannot be adjusted to the fourth target qubit group.

[0333] In another optional embodiment, for each tenth qubit, when the fourth crosstalk coefficient and the seventh operating frequency difference between the tenth qubit and all eleventh qubits in the fourth target qubit group do not satisfy the aforementioned second grouping condition, the electronic device can determine that the tenth qubit can be driven in parallel with all eleventh qubits in the fourth target qubit group. At this time, the electronic device can determine that the tenth qubit can be adjusted to the fourth target qubit group.

[0334] Step S1107: If the second grouping condition is not satisfied between the tenth qubit and each eleventh qubit, the tenth qubit is adjusted to the fourth target qubit group.

[0335] In an optional embodiment, when the third target qubit group includes multiple tenth qubits, the electronic device can immediately adjust the tenth qubit to the fourth target qubit group at the current moment whenever a time-th qubit that can be adjusted to the fourth target qubit group is determined.

[0336] Step S1108: When the second grouping condition is satisfied between the tenth qubit and any eleventh qubit, select an unselected fifth qubit group from the sixth set as the fourth target qubit group, and return to perform the step of determining whether the second grouping condition is satisfied between the tenth qubit and each eleventh qubit in the third target qubit group based on the fourth crosstalk coefficient and the seventh operating frequency difference corresponding to the tenth qubit and each eleventh qubit in the fourth target qubit group, until there is no unselected fifth qubit group in the sixth set, or until the tenth qubit is adjusted to the fourth target qubit group at the current time.

[0337] In this step, for each tenth qubit in the aforementioned third target qubit group, when it is determined that the tenth qubit cannot be adjusted to the fourth target qubit group, the electronic device can determine that one round of iterative processing for that tenth qubit has been completed. At this time, if the sixth set also includes other fifth qubit groups (i.e., qubit groups other than those selected as the third and fourth target qubit groups in this round of iteration), the electronic device can perform a new round of iteration for that tenth qubit. That is, the electronic device can select an unselected fifth qubit group from the sixth set as a new fourth target qubit group and return to execute the above step S1106, thereby determining whether the tenth qubit can be adjusted to the fourth target qubit group at the current moment. That is, return to the above steps for each tenth qubit in the third target qubit group, and determine whether the tenth qubit and each eleventh qubit satisfy the second grouping condition based on the fourth crosstalk coefficient and the seventh operating frequency difference corresponding to the tenth qubit and each eleventh qubit in the fourth target qubit group, until there is no unselected fifth qubit group in the sixth set, or until the tenth qubit is adjusted to the fourth target qubit at the current moment, thereby ending the iterative process for the tenth qubit.

[0338] In the above embodiments, steps S1107 and S1108 are steps performed by the electronic device when the tenth qubit can and cannot be adjusted to the fourth target qubit group, respectively. Here, the execution of steps S1107 and S1108 is not specifically limited.

[0339] In step S1109, if there is no unselected fifth qubit group in the sixth set and the tenth qubit has not been adjusted to the fourth target qubit group, the tenth qubit is adjusted to the thirteenth qubit group, and the process returns to the steps of selecting the third and fourth target qubit groups from the sixth set until the sixth set includes a fifth qubit group.

[0340] In this step, for each tenth qubit, if there is no unselected fifth qubit group in the sixth set, and the tenth qubit is not adjusted to the fourth target qubit group, that is, if the tenth qubit cannot be adjusted to any other fifth qubit group in the sixth set other than its own fifth qubit group, the electronic device can adjust the tenth qubit to a new qubit group (denoted as the thirteenth qubit group).

[0341] After completing the iterative processing of each tenth qubit in the third target qubit group, if the sixth set still includes multiple fifth qubit groups, the electronic device can reselect the third and fourth target qubit groups from the sixth set, that is, return to execute the above step S1105, and repeat the execution of steps S1105-S1109 until the sixth set includes only one fifth qubit group.

[0342] Step S1110: Based on the fifth crosstalk coefficient and the eighth operating frequency difference between every two twelfth qubits in the thirteenth qubit group, and the second grouping condition, adjust the sixth qubit to be adjusted in the thirteenth qubit group to the fourteenth qubit group. The sixth qubit to be adjusted is any one of the two twelfth qubits that satisfy the second grouping condition.

[0343] In this embodiment of the application, each tenth qubit that cannot be adjusted to the fourth target qubit during the above iteration process will be adjusted to the above-mentioned thirteenth qubit group. The thirteenth qubit group may include one or more qubits (denoted as the twelfth qubit).

[0344] For each pair of twelfth qubits in the thirteenth qubit group, the electronic device can obtain the fifth crosstalk coefficient and the eighth operating frequency difference between these two twelfth qubits, and match the obtained fifth crosstalk coefficient and the eighth operating frequency difference with the aforementioned second grouping condition. Based on the matching result of the fifth crosstalk coefficient and the eighth operating frequency difference between each pair of twelfth qubits with the second grouping condition, the electronic device can adjust the sixth qubit to be adjusted in the fourteenth qubit group. That is, any twelfth qubit from any two thirteenth qubit groups that satisfy the second grouping condition is selected as the sixth qubit to be adjusted, and this sixth qubit to be adjusted is adjusted to the fourteenth qubit group.

[0345] Step S1111: When the fourteenth qubit group includes multiple qubits, the fourteenth qubit group is taken as the thirteenth qubit group, and the process returns to the step of adjusting the sixth qubit to be adjusted in the thirteenth qubit group to the fourteenth qubit group according to the fifth crosstalk coefficient and the eighth operating frequency difference between any two twelfth qubits in the thirteenth qubit group, and the second grouping condition, until the fourteenth qubit group includes one qubit, or until the crosstalk coefficient and operating frequency difference between any two qubits in the fourteenth qubit group do not meet the second grouping condition, thus obtaining the sixth grouping result.

[0346] In this embodiment, the fourteenth qubit group may include one or more qubits. If the fourteenth qubit group includes multiple qubits, the electronic device can group the qubits included in the fourteenth qubit group. In this case, the electronic device can treat the fourteenth qubit group as the thirteenth qubit group and return to step S1110, where the sixth qubit to be adjusted in the thirteenth qubit group is adjusted to the fourteenth qubit group based on the fifth crosstalk coefficient and the eighth operating frequency difference between every two twelfth qubits in the thirteenth qubit group, and the second grouping condition, until the fourteenth qubit group includes one qubit, or until the crosstalk coefficient and operating frequency difference between any two qubits in the fourteenth qubit group do not satisfy the second grouping condition, thus obtaining the sixth grouping result.

[0347] Through the above steps S1103-S1111, the electronic device can group all the qubits in the sixth qubit group in the fourth grouping result, improving the integrity and accuracy of qubit grouping, thereby improving the accuracy of the qubit grouping result.

[0348] Step S1112: For each 15th qubit group in the sixth grouping result, obtain the 13th qubit connected to the same local oscillator in the 15th qubit group to obtain the seventh set.

[0349] The method for obtaining the seventh set mentioned above can be the same as the method for obtaining the second set mentioned above, and will not be explained in detail here.

[0350] Step S1113: For each seventh set, when the maximum operating frequency difference between each thirteenth qubit in the seventh set is greater than or equal to a preset threshold, the seventh qubit to be adjusted in the seventh set is adjusted to the sixteenth qubit group according to the operating frequency corresponding to each thirteenth qubit in the seventh set, to obtain the seventh grouping result. The maximum operating frequency difference between qubits connected to the same local oscillator in each qubit group included in the seventh grouping result is less than the preset threshold.

[0351] The method for obtaining the results of the seventh group mentioned above can be the same as the method for obtaining the results of the fourth group mentioned above, and will not be explained in detail here.

[0352] The steps S1112-S1113 above are the same as the steps S104-S105 above.

[0353] In one optional embodiment, after the electronic device completes the grouping of qubits on the target quantum chip, it can allocate qubits corresponding to quantum computing tasks based on the grouping results. The specific allocation method can be determined based on the number of qubits included in each qubit group in the grouping results, and the number of qubits required for the parallel execution of quantum computing tasks, etc., which will not be specifically described here.

[0354] Based on the same inventive concept, and according to the quantum bit grouping method provided in the above embodiments of this application, this application also provides a quantum bit grouping device. For example... Figure 12 As shown, Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of a quantum bit grouping device provided in an embodiment of this application. The device includes the following modules.

[0355] The grouping module 1201 is used to group qubits according to the topological relationship between each first qubit in the target quantum chip, and obtain a first grouping result including multiple first sets, each first set including a first qubit group and a second qubit group;

[0356] The first adjustment module 1202 is used to adjust the first qubit to be adjusted in the first set to the third qubit group for each first set, based on the target distance between the second qubit and the third qubit, the first operating frequency difference, and the first grouping condition, to obtain a second grouping result; wherein, the second qubit is the qubit included in the first qubit group in the first set, the third qubit is the qubit included in the second qubit group in the first set, the first grouping condition is used to indicate the first frequency restriction condition corresponding to the parallel driving of two qubits at different distances, the first qubit to be adjusted is the second qubit or the third qubit, the third qubit group is the qubit group in the first set that does not include the first qubit to be adjusted, and the first grouping condition is satisfied between the first qubit to be adjusted and each qubit in the third qubit group;

[0357] The second adjustment module 1203 is used to adjust the second qubit to be adjusted in the fourth qubit group to the fifth qubit group for each fourth qubit group in the second grouping result, based on the first crosstalk coefficient and the second operating frequency difference between every two fourth qubits in the fourth qubit group, and the second grouping condition, to obtain the third grouping result; wherein, the second grouping condition is used to indicate the second frequency restriction condition corresponding to when two qubits cannot be driven in parallel under different crosstalk coefficients, and the second qubit to be adjusted is any one of the two fourth qubits that satisfy the second grouping condition;

[0358] The first acquisition module 1204 is used to acquire the fifth qubits connected to the same local oscillator in each fifth qubit group in the third grouping result, and obtain the second set.

[0359] The third adjustment module 1205 is used to adjust the third qubit to be adjusted to the sixth qubit group in each second set when the maximum operating frequency difference between the fifth qubits in the second set is greater than or equal to a preset threshold, according to the operating frequency corresponding to each fifth qubit in the second set, to obtain the fourth grouping result. The maximum operating frequency difference between the qubits connected to the same local oscillator in each qubit group included in the fourth grouping result is less than the preset threshold. The preset threshold is determined based on the frequency requirement corresponding to the hardware attributes of the same local oscillator.

[0360] Optionally, the first adjustment module 1202 described above can be specifically used to select a first qubit to be adjusted from the second qubits included in the first qubit group of the first set for each first set, based on the target distance between the second qubit and the third qubit, the first operating frequency difference, and the first grouping condition, through multiple iterations, and adjust the first qubit to be adjusted to the second qubit group of the first set to obtain the second grouping result;

[0361] or,

[0362] For each first set, based on the target distance between the second and third qubits, the first operating frequency difference, and the first grouping condition, through multiple iterations, a first qubit to be adjusted is selected from the third qubits included in the second qubit group of the first set, and the first qubit to be adjusted is adjusted to the first qubit group of the first set to obtain the second grouping result.

[0363] Optionally, the first adjustment module 1202 described above can be specifically used to select a first target qubit from the second qubits included in the first set for each first set, and to select a second target qubit from the third qubits included in the first set;

[0364] Obtain the first operating frequency difference and target distance between the first target qubit and the second target qubit;

[0365] Match the first operating frequency difference with the first target frequency constraint condition corresponding to the target distance in the first grouping condition;

[0366] When the first operating frequency difference does not match the first target frequency constraint, it is determined that the first target qubit and the second target qubit do not satisfy the first grouping condition, and the process returns to the step of selecting the first target qubit from the second qubits included in the first set, until every second qubit in the first set is selected as the first target qubit;

[0367] When the first operating frequency difference matches the first target frequency constraint, the process returns to the step of selecting a second target qubit from the third qubits included in the first set, until every third qubit in the first set has been selected as the second target qubit.

[0368] When the first operating frequency difference between the first target qubit and all the second target qubits selected in the first set matches the corresponding first target frequency constraint, the first target qubit is adjusted as the first qubit to be adjusted to the second qubit group of the first set, and the process of selecting the first target qubit from the second qubits included in the first set is repeated until every second qubit in the first set is selected as the first target qubit.

[0369] Optionally, the first grouping condition mentioned above may include at least a first restriction condition, a second restriction condition, and a third restriction condition;

[0370] The first restriction condition mentioned above is the third frequency restriction condition corresponding to the distance being less than or equal to the first preset distance. The third frequency restriction condition is expressed as: the working frequency difference is greater than or equal to the first preset frequency.

[0371] The second restriction condition mentioned above is the fourth frequency restriction condition corresponding to the distance being greater than the first preset distance and less than or equal to the second preset distance. The fourth frequency restriction condition is expressed as: the working frequency difference is greater than or equal to the first preset frequency, or the working frequency difference is greater than or equal to the second preset frequency and less than or equal to the third preset frequency.

[0372] The third restriction condition mentioned above is the fifth frequency restriction condition corresponding to the distance being greater than the second preset distance. The fifth frequency restriction condition is expressed as: the working frequency difference is any value.

[0373] Among them, the first preset distance is less than the second preset distance, the first preset frequency is greater than the third preset frequency, and the third preset frequency is greater than the second preset frequency.

[0374] Optionally, the second adjustment module 1203 described above may include:

[0375] The first selection submodule is used to select a first pair of qubits that satisfy the second grouping conditions for each fourth qubit group in the second grouping result, based on the first crosstalk coefficient and the second operating frequency difference between every two fourth qubits in the fourth qubit group.

[0376] The second selection submodule is used to select one qubit from each first qubit pair as the second qubit to be adjusted;

[0377] The adjustment submodule is used to adjust all the second qubits to be adjusted in each fourth qubit group to the fifth qubit group to obtain the third grouping result.

[0378] Optionally, the first selection submodule described above can be used to combine all the fourth qubits in each fourth qubit group in the second grouping result to obtain multiple second qubit pairs;

[0379] Obtain the first crosstalk coefficient and the second operating frequency difference between the two qubits in each second qubit pair;

[0380] For each second qubit pair, if the second operating frequency difference between the two qubits in the second qubit pair matches the second target frequency constraint, then the second qubit pair is determined as the first qubit pair that satisfies the second grouping condition, wherein the second target frequency constraint is the frequency constraint in the second grouping condition that corresponds to the first crosstalk coefficient between the two qubits in the second qubit pair.

[0381] Optionally, the second grouping condition mentioned above may include at least the fourth and fifth restriction conditions;

[0382] The fourth restriction condition mentioned above is the sixth frequency restriction condition corresponding to the crosstalk coefficient being greater than the first preset coefficient. The sixth frequency restriction condition is expressed as: the operating frequency difference is less than the fourth preset frequency.

[0383] The fifth restriction condition mentioned above is the seventh frequency restriction condition corresponding to the crosstalk coefficient being greater than or equal to the second preset coefficient and less than or equal to the first preset coefficient. The seventh frequency restriction condition is expressed as: the operating frequency difference is less than the fifth preset frequency, or the operating frequency difference is greater than the sixth preset frequency and less than the fourth preset frequency.

[0384] Among them, the first preset coefficient is greater than the second preset coefficient, the fourth preset frequency is greater than the sixth preset frequency, and the sixth preset frequency is greater than the fifth preset frequency.

[0385] Optionally, the second selection submodule described above can be used to obtain all the first qubit pairs in each fourth qubit group to obtain a third set.

[0386] For each third set, count the number of repetitions corresponding to each fourth qubit in that third set;

[0387] The fourth qubit with the highest repetition rate in the third set is selected as the second qubit to be adjusted;

[0388] Delete all first qubit pairs that include the second qubit to be adjusted in the third set to obtain the updated third set;

[0389] For each updated third set, if the third set is not empty, return to the step of counting the number of repetitions corresponding to each fourth qubit in the third set, until the third set is empty.

[0390] Optionally, the third adjustment module 1205 mentioned above may include:

[0391] The sorting submodule is used to sort all the fifth qubits according to the operating frequency of each fifth qubit in each second set, and obtain the sorting result.

[0392] The calculation submodule is used to calculate the difference between the corresponding operating frequencies of the third target qubit and the fourth target qubit, which is used as the maximum operating frequency difference between each fifth qubit in the second set. The third target qubit is the fifth qubit that is ranked first in the sorting result, and the fourth target qubit is the fifth qubit that is ranked last in the sorting result.

[0393] The comparison submodule is used to compare the maximum operating frequency difference with a preset threshold.

[0394] The third selection submodule is used to select the third qubit to be adjusted in the second set according to the working frequency difference between each two adjacent fifth qubits in the sorting result when the maximum working frequency difference is greater than or equal to the preset threshold, and adjust the third qubit to be adjusted to the sixth qubit group to obtain the fourth grouping result.

[0395] Optionally, the third selection submodule mentioned above can be used to obtain the third working frequency difference corresponding to the third quantum bit pair and the fourth working frequency difference corresponding to the fourth quantum bit pair according to the sorting result when the maximum working frequency difference is greater than or equal to a preset threshold; wherein, the third quantum bit pair is the two fifth quantum bits that are first in the sorting result, and the fourth quantum bit pair is the two fifth quantum bits that are last in the sorting result.

[0396] When the third operating frequency difference is greater than the fourth operating frequency difference, the third target qubit is selected as the third qubit to be adjusted.

[0397] When the third operating frequency difference is less than the fourth operating frequency difference, the fourth target qubit is selected as the third qubit to be adjusted.

[0398] When the third working frequency difference is equal to the fourth working frequency difference, select the third target qubit or the fourth target qubit as the third qubit to be adjusted.

[0399] Move the third qubit to be adjusted to the sixth qubit group;

[0400] For each second set, if the second set contains multiple fifth qubits at the current time, then return to the step of sorting all the fifth qubits according to the operating frequency corresponding to each fifth qubit in the second set, and obtaining the sorting result, until the maximum operating frequency difference at the current time is less than a preset threshold, or until the second set contains only one fifth qubit at the current time.

[0401] Optionally, the above-mentioned qubit grouping device may further include:

[0402] The first selection module is used to select a sixth qubit group as the first target qubit group and a seventh qubit group as the second target qubit group after obtaining the fourth grouping result. The seventh qubit group is any other qubit group in the fourth grouping result other than the sixth qubit group and the fifth qubit group where the qubits in the first target qubit group originally reside.

[0403] The first determining module is used to determine, for each sixth qubit in the first target qubit group, whether the sixth qubit and each seventh qubit in the second target qubit group satisfy the second grouping condition based on the second crosstalk coefficient and the fifth operating frequency difference between the sixth qubit and each seventh qubit in the second target qubit group.

[0404] The second acquisition module is used to acquire a fourth set based on the target local oscillator connected to the sixth quantum bit when the second grouping condition is not satisfied between the sixth quantum bit and all the seventh quantum bits. The fourth set includes all the seventh quantum bits connected to the target local oscillator in the group of the sixth quantum bit and the second target quantum bit.

[0405] The fourth adjustment module is used to adjust the sixth qubit as the fourth qubit to be adjusted to the second target qubit group when the maximum operating frequency difference corresponding to the fourth set is less than a preset threshold.

[0406] The first calling module is used to call the first selection module to return to the step of selecting a group of seventh qubits as the second target qubit group when the second grouping condition is met between the sixth qubit and any seventh qubit, until each group of seventh qubits is selected as the second target qubit group, or until the sixth qubit is adjusted to the second target qubit group at the current moment.

[0407] The second calling module is used to call the first selection module to return to the step of selecting a sixth qubit group as the first target qubit group after the sixth qubit is adjusted to the second target qubit group at the current time, or when every seventh qubit group has been selected as the second target qubit group and the sixth qubit has not been adjusted to the second target qubit group at the current time, until every sixth qubit group has been selected as the first target qubit group.

[0408] Optionally, the above-mentioned qubit grouping device may further include:

[0409] The first merging module is used to merge the remaining sixth qubits in each sixth qubit group after adjusting the fourth qubit to be adjusted in each sixth qubit group to the second target qubit group, so as to obtain the eighth qubit group.

[0410] The fifth adjustment module is used to adjust each eighth qubit to the ninth or tenth qubit group according to the third crosstalk coefficient and the sixth operating frequency difference between every two eighth qubits in the eighth qubit group, as well as the second grouping condition. In the ninth qubit group, the second grouping condition is not satisfied between every two eighth qubits, and each tenth qubit group includes one eighth qubit other than the qubits in the ninth qubit group.

[0411] The third acquisition module is used to acquire the qubits connected to the same local oscillator source in each ninth qubit group to obtain the fifth set.

[0412] The sixth adjustment module is used to adjust the fifth qubit to be adjusted to the eleventh qubit group in each fifth set when the maximum operating frequency difference between each ninth qubit in the fifth set is greater than or equal to a preset threshold, according to the operating frequency corresponding to each ninth qubit in the fifth set, to obtain the fifth grouping result. The maximum operating frequency difference between qubits connected to the same local oscillator in each qubit group included in the fifth grouping result is less than the preset threshold.

[0413] The second merging module is used to merge the qubits in the tenth and eleventh qubit groups to obtain the twelfth qubit group, and use the twelfth qubit group as the eighth qubit group. It then returns to execute the step of adjusting each eighth qubit to the ninth or tenth qubit group according to the third crosstalk coefficient and the sixth operating frequency difference between every two eighth qubits in the eighth qubit group, as well as the second grouping condition, until the twelfth qubit group is empty, or until the twelfth qubit group includes one qubit.

[0414] Optionally, the above-mentioned qubit grouping device may further include:

[0415] The fourth acquisition module is used to acquire all fifth qubit groups in the third grouping result as the sixth set before obtaining the fifth qubits connected to the same local oscillator source in each fifth qubit group in the third grouping result if there are multiple fifth qubit groups.

[0416] The second selection module is used to select the third target qubit group and the fourth target qubit group from the sixth set;

[0417] The second determining module is used to determine, for each tenth qubit in the third target qubit group, whether the tenth qubit and each eleventh qubit satisfy the second grouping condition based on the fourth crosstalk coefficient and the seventh operating frequency difference between the tenth qubit and each eleventh qubit in the fourth target qubit group.

[0418] The seventh adjustment module is used to adjust the tenth qubit to the fourth target qubit group when the second grouping condition is not met between the tenth qubit and each eleventh qubit.

[0419] The third selection module is used to select an unselected fifth qubit group from the sixth set as the fourth target qubit group when the second grouping condition is met between the tenth qubit and any eleventh qubit, and return to perform the step of determining whether the second grouping condition is met between the tenth qubit and each eleventh qubit according to the fourth crosstalk coefficient and the seventh operating frequency difference corresponding to the tenth qubit and each eleventh qubit in the fourth target qubit group, until there is no unselected fifth qubit group in the sixth set, or until the tenth qubit is adjusted to the fourth target qubit group at the current time;

[0420] The eighth adjustment module is used to adjust the tenth qubit to the thirteenth qubit when there is no unselected fifth qubit group in the sixth set and the tenth qubit is not adjusted to the fourth target qubit group, and then return to the step of selecting the third and fourth target qubit groups from the sixth set until the sixth set includes a fifth qubit group.

[0421] The ninth adjustment module is used to adjust the sixth qubit to be adjusted in the thirteenth qubit group to the fourteenth qubit group according to the fifth crosstalk coefficient and the eighth operating frequency difference between every two twelfth qubits in the thirteenth qubit group, as well as the second grouping condition. The sixth qubit to be adjusted is any one of the two twelfth qubits that satisfy the second grouping condition.

[0422] The third calling module is used to treat the fourteenth qubit group as the thirteenth qubit group when the fourteenth qubit group includes multiple qubits, and call the ninth adjustment module to return to execute the step of adjusting the sixth qubit to be adjusted in the thirteenth qubit group to the fourteenth qubit group according to the fifth crosstalk coefficient and the eighth operating frequency difference between every two twelfth qubits in the thirteenth qubit group, as well as the second grouping condition, until the fourteenth qubit group includes one qubit, or until the crosstalk coefficient and operating frequency difference between any two qubits in the fourteenth qubit group do not meet the second grouping condition, and obtain the sixth grouping result;

[0423] The first acquisition module 1204 mentioned above can be used to acquire the thirteenth qubit connected to the same local oscillator in each fifteenth qubit group in the sixth grouping result, to obtain the seventh set;

[0424] The aforementioned third adjustment module 1205 can be used to adjust the seventh qubit to be adjusted to the sixteenth qubit group in each seventh set when the maximum operating frequency difference between the thirteenth qubits in the seventh set is greater than or equal to a preset threshold, according to the operating frequency corresponding to each thirteenth qubit in the seventh set, to obtain the seventh grouping result. The maximum operating frequency difference between the qubits connected to the same local oscillator in each qubit group included in the seventh grouping result is less than the preset threshold.

[0425] The apparatus provided in this application embodiment allows for the following steps: after grouping qubits according to the topological relationship between each first qubit in the target quantum chip to obtain a first grouping result, for each first set in the first grouping result, the first qubit to be adjusted in that first set is moved to a third qubit group to obtain a second grouping result. Then, for each fourth qubit group in the second grouping result, the second qubit to be adjusted in that fourth qubit group is moved to a fifth qubit group to obtain a third grouping result. For each fifth qubit group in the third grouping result, if the maximum operating frequency difference between qubits connected to the same local oscillator in that fifth qubit group is greater than or equal to a preset threshold, the third qubit to be adjusted is moved to a sixth qubit group to obtain a fourth grouping result.

[0426] Compared to related technologies that group qubits solely based on the topological relationships between qubits on a quantum chip, this new method, building upon the initial grouping results, utilizes the first grouping condition—the frequency constraint condition for parallel driving of qubits at different distances—to adjust the first qubit to be adjusted from one qubit group to another, taking advantage of the distance and operating frequency differences between qubits. This ensures that the first qubit to be adjusted can be driven in parallel with each qubit in the third qubit group it is adjusted to. Simultaneously, it breaks the numerical balance of qubits in each qubit group in the initial grouping results, increasing the differences between qubit groups. This achieves grouping of qubits on the target quantum chip, facilitating the use of appropriate qubit groups according to specific needs during the parallel execution of quantum computing tasks, thus ensuring the parallel execution of subsequent quantum computing tasks.

[0427] Furthermore, by using the second grouping condition—the frequency constraint condition corresponding to when qubits cannot be driven in parallel under different crosstalk coefficients—and utilizing the crosstalk coefficients and operating frequency differences between qubits, each second qubit to be adjusted in each fourth qubit group included in the second grouping result is adjusted to a new qubit group (i.e., the fifth qubit group). This achieves the grouping of qubits on the target quantum chip. Moreover, this ensures that the grouping process fully considers the impact of the crosstalk coefficients and operating frequency differences between qubits in each qubit group on the parallel driving of qubits. In other words, qubits that cannot be driven in parallel within the same qubit group are divided into different qubit groups, effectively reducing the impact of crosstalk on the execution process of subsequent quantum computing tasks, improving the accuracy of quantum computing results, and providing a guarantee for the parallel execution of subsequent quantum computing tasks.

[0428] Furthermore, since each third qubit to be adjusted is selected when the maximum operating frequency difference corresponding to the second set is greater than or equal to a preset threshold, that is, each third qubit to be adjusted is selected when the maximum operating frequency does not meet the frequency requirements corresponding to the hardware attributes of the same local oscillator. In addition, the maximum operating frequency difference between qubits connected to the same local oscillator in each qubit group of the fourth grouping result is definitely less than the preset threshold. This ensures that the qubits connected to the same local oscillator in each qubit group of the fourth grouping result are matched with the frequency requirements corresponding to the hardware attributes of the local oscillator. This effectively avoids the occurrence of abnormal phenomena caused by the qubits connected to the same local oscillator in each qubit group not meeting the frequency requirements corresponding to the hardware attributes of the local oscillator. As a result, the qubit groups in the fourth grouping result can be called to execute quantum computing tasks during the execution of quantum computing tasks, thus providing a guarantee for the parallel execution of quantum computing tasks.

[0429] Based on the same inventive concept, and according to the quantum bit grouping method provided in the above embodiments of this application, this application also provides an electronic device, such as... Figure 13 As shown, it includes a processor 1301, a communication interface 1302, a memory 1303, and a communication bus 1304. The processor 1301, the communication interface 1302, and the memory 1303 communicate with each other through the communication bus 1304.

[0430] Memory 1303 is used to store computer programs;

[0431] When the processor 1301 executes the program stored in the memory 1303, it implements any of the steps of the quantum bit grouping method described above.

[0432] The communication bus mentioned in the above electronic devices can be a Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) bus or an Extended Industry Standard Architecture (EISA) bus, etc. This communication bus can be divided into address bus, data bus, control bus, etc. For ease of illustration, only one thick line is used to represent it in the diagram, but this does not mean that there is only one bus or one type of bus.

[0433] The communication interface is used for communication between the aforementioned electronic devices and other devices.

[0434] The memory may include random access memory (RAM) or non-volatile memory (NVM), such as at least one disk storage device. Optionally, the memory may also be at least one storage device located remotely from the aforementioned processor.

[0435] The processors mentioned above can be general-purpose processors, including central processing units (CPUs), network processors (NPs), etc.; they can also be digital signal processors (DSPs), application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, or discrete hardware components.

[0436] Based on the same inventive concept, and according to the quantum bit grouping method provided in the above embodiments of this application, this application also provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program, which, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of any of the above quantum bit grouping methods.

[0437] Based on the same inventive concept, and according to the quantum bit grouping method provided in the above embodiments of this application, this application also provides a computer program product containing instructions, which, when run on a computer, causes the computer to execute any of the quantum bit grouping methods in the above embodiments.

[0438] Based on the same inventive concept, and according to the quantum bit grouping method provided in the above embodiments of this application, this application also provides a quantum computer that implements the quantum bit grouping method steps described in any of the above claims when executed.

[0439] Based on the same inventive concept, and according to the quantum bit grouping method provided in the above embodiments of this application, this application also provides a quantum computing measurement and control system, which implements the steps of the quantum bit grouping method described in any of the above claims when executed.

[0440] In the above embodiments, implementation can be achieved entirely or partially through software, hardware, firmware, or any combination thereof. When implemented using software, it can be implemented entirely or partially in the form of a computer program product. The computer program product includes one or more computer instructions. When the computer program instructions are loaded and executed on a computer, all or part of the processes or functions described in the embodiments of this application are generated. The computer can be a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, a computer network, or other programmable device. The computer instructions can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium or transmitted from one computer-readable storage medium to another. For example, the computer instructions can be transmitted from one website, computer, server, or data center to another website, computer, server, or data center via wired (e.g., coaxial cable, fiber optic, digital subscriber line (DSL)) or wireless (e.g., infrared, wireless, microwave, etc.) means. The computer-readable storage medium can be any available medium that a computer can access or a data storage device such as a server or data center that integrates one or more available media. The available medium can be a magnetic medium (e.g., floppy disk, hard disk, magnetic tape), an optical medium (e.g., DVD), or a semiconductor medium (e.g., solid state disk (SSD)).

[0441] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes said element.

[0442] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a related manner. Similar or identical parts between embodiments can be referred to mutually. Each embodiment focuses on describing the differences from other embodiments. In particular, for embodiments such as devices, electronic devices, computer-readable storage media, computer program products, quantum computers, and quantum computing measurement and control systems, since they are basically similar to the method embodiments, the descriptions are relatively simple, and relevant parts can be referred to the descriptions of the method embodiments.

[0443] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of this application and is not intended to limit the scope of protection of this application. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this application are included within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A method for grouping qubits, characterized in that, The method includes: Based on the topological relationship between each first quantum bit in the target quantum chip, the quantum bits are grouped to obtain a first grouping result including multiple first sets. Each first set includes a first quantum bit group and a second quantum bit group. For each first set, based on the target distance between the second and third qubits, the first operating frequency difference, and the first grouping condition, the first qubit to be adjusted in the first set is adjusted to the third qubit group to obtain the second grouping result; wherein, the second qubit is the qubit included in the first qubit group in the first set, the third qubit is the qubit included in the second qubit group in the first set, the first grouping condition is used to indicate the first frequency restriction condition corresponding to the parallel driving of two qubits at different distances, the first qubit to be adjusted is the second qubit or the third qubit, the third qubit group is the qubit group in the first set that does not include the first qubit to be adjusted, and the first qubit to be adjusted and each qubit in the third qubit group satisfy the first grouping condition; For each fourth qubit group in the second grouping result, based on the first crosstalk coefficient and the second operating frequency difference between every two fourth qubits in the fourth qubit group, and the second grouping condition, the second qubit to be adjusted in the fourth qubit group is adjusted to the fifth qubit group to obtain the third grouping result; wherein, the second grouping condition is used to indicate the second frequency restriction condition corresponding to when two qubits cannot be driven in parallel under different crosstalk coefficients, and the second qubit to be adjusted is any one of the two fourth qubits that satisfy the second grouping condition; For each fifth qubit group in the third grouping result, obtain the fifth qubits in the fifth qubit group that are connected to the same local oscillator source to obtain the second set; For each second set, when the maximum operating frequency difference between each fifth qubit in the second set is greater than or equal to a preset threshold, the third qubit to be adjusted in the second set is adjusted to the sixth qubit group according to the operating frequency corresponding to each fifth qubit in the second set, to obtain the fourth grouping result. The maximum operating frequency difference between qubits connected to the same local oscillator in each qubit group included in the fourth grouping result is less than the preset threshold. The preset threshold is determined based on the frequency requirement corresponding to the hardware attributes of the same local oscillator.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step of adjusting the first qubit to be adjusted to the third qubit group in each first set according to the target distance between the second and third qubits, the first operating frequency difference, and the first grouping condition, to obtain the second grouping result, includes: For each first set, based on the target distance between the second and third qubits, the first operating frequency difference, and the first grouping condition, through multiple iterations, a first qubit to be adjusted is selected from the second qubits included in the first qubit group of the first set, and the first qubit to be adjusted is adjusted to the second qubit group of the first set to obtain the second grouping result; or, For each first set, based on the target distance between the second and third qubits, the first operating frequency difference, and the first grouping condition, through multiple iterations, a first qubit to be adjusted is selected from the third qubits included in the second qubit group of the first set, and the first qubit to be adjusted is adjusted to the first qubit group of the first set to obtain the second grouping result.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The step of selecting a first qubit to be adjusted from the second qubits included in the first qubit group of the first set through multiple iterations, based on the target distance between the second qubit and the third qubit, the first operating frequency difference, and the first grouping condition, and adjusting the first qubit to be adjusted to the second qubit group of the first set for each first set includes: For each first set, a first target qubit is selected from the second qubits included in the first set, and a second target qubit is selected from the third qubits included in the first set; Obtain the first operating frequency difference and target distance between the first target qubit and the second target qubit; Match the first operating frequency difference with the first target frequency restriction condition corresponding to the target distance in the first grouping condition; When the first operating frequency difference does not match the first target frequency restriction condition, it is determined that the first target qubit and the second target qubit do not satisfy the first grouping condition, and the process returns to the step of selecting the first target qubit from the second qubits included in the first set, until every second qubit in the first set is selected as the first target qubit; When the first operating frequency difference matches the first target frequency constraint, return to the step of selecting the second target qubit from the third qubits included in the first set, until every third qubit in the first set is selected as the second target qubit; When the first operating frequency difference between the first target qubit and all the second target qubits selected in the first set matches the corresponding first target frequency constraint, the first target qubit is adjusted as the first qubit to be adjusted to the second qubit group of the first set, and the step of selecting the first target qubit from the second qubits included in the first set is returned to be executed until every second qubit in the first set is selected as the first target qubit.

4. The method according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, The first grouping condition includes at least a first restriction condition, a second restriction condition, and a third restriction condition; The first limiting condition is the third frequency limiting condition corresponding to the distance being less than or equal to the first preset distance. The third frequency limiting condition is expressed as: the operating frequency difference is greater than or equal to the first preset frequency. The second limiting condition is the fourth frequency limiting condition corresponding to the distance being greater than the first preset distance and less than or equal to the second preset distance. The fourth frequency limiting condition is expressed as: the working frequency difference is greater than or equal to the first preset frequency, or the working frequency difference is greater than or equal to the second preset frequency and less than or equal to the third preset frequency. The third limiting condition is the fifth frequency limiting condition corresponding to the distance being greater than the second preset distance. The fifth frequency limiting condition is expressed as: the working frequency difference is any value. Wherein, the first preset distance is less than the second preset distance, the first preset frequency is greater than the third preset frequency, and the third preset frequency is greater than the second preset frequency.

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step of adjusting the second qubit to be adjusted in the fourth qubit group to the fifth qubit group for each fourth qubit group in the second grouping result, based on the first crosstalk coefficient and the second operating frequency difference between every two fourth qubits in the fourth qubit group, and the second grouping condition, to obtain the third grouping result, includes: For each fourth qubit group in the second grouping result, a first qubit pair that satisfies the second grouping condition is selected based on the first crosstalk coefficient and the second operating frequency difference between every two fourth qubits in the fourth qubit group. Select one qubit from each first qubit pair as the second qubit to be adjusted; For each fourth qubit group, all the second qubits to be adjusted in that fourth qubit group are moved to the fifth qubit group to obtain the third grouping result.

6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that, The step of selecting a first qubit pair that satisfies the second grouping condition for each fourth qubit group in the second grouping result, based on the first crosstalk coefficient and the second operating frequency difference between every two fourth qubits in the fourth qubit group, includes: For each fourth qubit group in the second grouping result, all fourth qubits in the fourth qubit group are combined to obtain multiple second qubit pairs; Obtain the first crosstalk coefficient and the second operating frequency difference between the two qubits in each second qubit pair; For each second qubit pair, if the second operating frequency difference between the two qubits in the second qubit pair matches the second target frequency constraint, then the second qubit pair is determined as a first qubit pair that satisfies the second grouping condition, wherein the second target frequency constraint is the frequency constraint in the second grouping condition that corresponds to the first crosstalk coefficient between the two qubits in the second qubit pair.

7. The method according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that, The second grouping condition includes at least the fourth and fifth restriction conditions; The fourth restriction condition is the sixth frequency restriction condition corresponding to the crosstalk coefficient being greater than the first preset coefficient. The sixth frequency restriction condition is expressed as: the operating frequency difference is less than the fourth preset frequency. The fifth restriction condition is the seventh frequency restriction condition corresponding to the crosstalk coefficient being greater than or equal to the second preset coefficient and less than or equal to the first preset coefficient. The seventh frequency restriction condition is expressed as: the operating frequency difference is less than the fifth preset frequency, or the operating frequency difference is greater than the sixth preset frequency and less than the fourth preset frequency. Wherein, the first preset coefficient is greater than the second preset coefficient, the fourth preset frequency is greater than the sixth preset frequency, and the sixth preset frequency is greater than the fifth preset frequency.

8. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that, The step of selecting one qubit from each first qubit pair as the second qubit to be adjusted includes: For each fourth qubit group, obtain all the first qubit pairs in that fourth qubit group to obtain the third set; For each third set, count the number of repetitions corresponding to each fourth qubit in that third set; The fourth qubit with the highest repetition rate in the third set is selected as the second qubit to be adjusted; Delete all first qubit pairs that include the second qubit to be adjusted from the third set to obtain the updated third set; For each updated third set, if the third set is not empty, return to the step of counting the number of repetitions corresponding to each fourth qubit in the third set, until the third set is empty.

9. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step of adjusting the third qubit to be adjusted to the sixth qubit group in each second set when the maximum operating frequency difference between the fifth qubits in the second set is greater than or equal to a preset threshold, according to the operating frequency corresponding to each fifth qubit in the second set, to obtain the fourth grouping result, includes: For each second set, all fifth qubits are sorted according to the operating frequency corresponding to each fifth qubit in the second set to obtain the sorting result; The difference between the operating frequencies of the third target qubit and the fourth target qubit is calculated as the maximum operating frequency difference between each fifth qubit in the second set, wherein the third target qubit is the fifth qubit ranked first in the sorting result, and the fourth target qubit is the fifth qubit ranked last in the sorting result; The maximum operating frequency difference is compared with a preset threshold. When the maximum operating frequency difference is greater than or equal to the preset threshold, the third qubit to be adjusted in the second set is selected according to the operating frequency difference between each two adjacent fifth qubits in the sorting result, and the third qubit to be adjusted is adjusted to the sixth qubit group to obtain the fourth grouping result.

10. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that, The step of selecting a third qubit to be adjusted from the second set based on the operating frequency difference between every two adjacent fifth qubits in the sorting result when the maximum operating frequency difference is greater than or equal to the preset threshold, and adjusting the third qubit to be adjusted to the sixth qubit group, includes: When the maximum operating frequency difference is greater than or equal to the preset threshold, the third operating frequency difference corresponding to the third quantum bit pair and the fourth operating frequency difference corresponding to the fourth quantum bit pair are obtained according to the sorting result; wherein, the third quantum bit pair is the two fifth quantum bits that are first in the sorting result, and the fourth quantum bit pair is the two fifth quantum bits that are last in the sorting result. When the third operating frequency difference is greater than the fourth operating frequency difference, the third target qubit is selected as the third qubit to be adjusted. When the third operating frequency difference is less than the fourth operating frequency difference, the fourth target qubit is selected as the third qubit to be adjusted. When the third operating frequency difference is equal to the fourth operating frequency difference, the third target qubit or the fourth target qubit is selected as the third qubit to be adjusted. Adjust the third qubit to be adjusted to the sixth qubit group; For each second set, if the second set includes multiple fifth qubits at the current time, then return to the step of sorting all fifth qubits according to the operating frequency corresponding to each fifth qubit in the second set to obtain the sorting result, until the maximum operating frequency difference at the current time is less than the preset threshold, or until the second set includes only one fifth qubit at the current time.

11. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, After obtaining the fourth grouping result, the method further includes: A sixth qubit group is selected as the first target qubit group, and a seventh qubit group is selected as the second target qubit group. The seventh qubit group is any other qubit group in the fourth grouping result other than the fifth qubit group where the qubits in the sixth qubit group and the first target qubit group originally reside. For each sixth qubit in the first target qubit group, based on the second crosstalk coefficient and the fifth operating frequency difference between the sixth qubit and each seventh qubit in the second target qubit group, it is determined whether the sixth qubit and each seventh qubit satisfy the second grouping condition. When the second grouping condition is not satisfied between the sixth qubit and all the seventh qubits, a fourth set is obtained based on the target local oscillator connected to the sixth qubit. The fourth set includes the sixth qubit and all the seventh qubits in the second target qubit group that are connected to the target local oscillator. When the maximum operating frequency difference corresponding to the fourth set is less than the preset threshold, the sixth qubit is adjusted to the second target qubit group as the fourth qubit to be adjusted. When the second grouping condition is met between the sixth qubit and any seventh qubit, return to the step of selecting a seventh qubit group as the second target qubit group, until every seventh qubit group is selected as the second target qubit group, or until the sixth qubit is adjusted to the second target qubit group at the current moment; After the sixth qubit is adjusted to the second target qubit group at the current time, or when every seventh qubit group has been selected as the second target qubit group and the sixth qubit has not been adjusted to the second target qubit group at the current time, the step of selecting a sixth qubit group as the first target qubit group is returned to be executed until every sixth qubit group has been selected as the first target qubit group.

12. The method according to claim 11, characterized in that, After adjusting the fourth qubit to be adjusted in each sixth qubit group to the second target qubit group, the method further includes: By merging the remaining sixth qubits in each sixth qubit group, we obtain the eighth qubit group; Based on the third crosstalk coefficient and the sixth operating frequency difference between every two eighth qubits in the eighth qubit group, and the second grouping condition, each eighth qubit is adjusted to the ninth qubit group or the tenth qubit group, wherein the second grouping condition is not satisfied between every two eighth qubits in the ninth qubit group, and each tenth qubit group includes one eighth qubit other than the qubits in the ninth qubit group. For each ninth qubit group, obtain the qubits connected to the same local oscillator source in that ninth qubit group to obtain the fifth set; For each fifth set, when the maximum operating frequency difference between each ninth qubit in the fifth set is greater than or equal to a preset threshold, the fifth qubit to be adjusted in the fifth set is adjusted to the eleventh qubit group according to the operating frequency corresponding to each ninth qubit in the fifth set, to obtain the fifth grouping result. The maximum operating frequency difference between qubits connected to the same local oscillator in each qubit group included in the fifth grouping result is less than the preset threshold. The qubits in the tenth and eleventh qubit groups are merged to obtain the twelfth qubit group, which is then used as the eighth qubit group. The process then returns to the step of adjusting each eighth qubit to the ninth or tenth qubit group based on the third crosstalk coefficient and the sixth operating frequency difference between every two eighth qubits in the eighth qubit group, as well as the second grouping condition, until the twelfth qubit group is empty, or until the twelfth qubit group includes one qubit.

13. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, If there are multiple fifth qubit groups, then before obtaining the fifth qubits connected to the same local oscillator in each fifth qubit group in the third grouping result, the method further includes: Obtain all fifth qubit groups from the third grouping result and use them as the sixth set; Select the third and fourth target qubit groups from the sixth set; For each tenth qubit in the third target qubit group, based on the fourth crosstalk coefficient and the seventh operating frequency difference between the tenth qubit and each eleventh qubit in the fourth target qubit group, it is determined whether the tenth qubit and each eleventh qubit satisfy the second grouping condition. If the second grouping condition is not satisfied between the tenth qubit and each eleventh qubit, the tenth qubit is adjusted to the fourth target qubit group. When the second grouping condition is met between the tenth qubit and any eleventh qubit, an unselected fifth qubit group is selected from the sixth set as the fourth target qubit group, and the process of determining whether the second grouping condition is met between the tenth qubit and each eleventh qubit in the third target qubit group is returned to be executed, based on the fourth crosstalk coefficient and the seventh operating frequency difference corresponding to the tenth qubit and each eleventh qubit in the fourth target qubit group, until there is no unselected fifth qubit group in the sixth set, or until the tenth qubit is adjusted to the fourth target qubit group at the current moment; If there is no unselected fifth qubit group in the sixth set, and the tenth qubit is not adjusted to the fourth target qubit group, the tenth qubit is adjusted to the thirteenth qubit group, and the process of selecting the third and fourth target qubit groups from the sixth set is repeated until the sixth set includes a fifth qubit group. Based on the fifth crosstalk coefficient and the eighth operating frequency difference between every two twelfth qubits in the thirteenth qubit group, and the second grouping condition, the sixth qubit to be adjusted in the thirteenth qubit group is adjusted to the fourteenth qubit group. The sixth qubit to be adjusted is any one of the two twelfth qubits that satisfy the second grouping condition. When the fourteenth qubit group includes multiple qubits, the fourteenth qubit group is taken as the thirteenth qubit group, and the process of adjusting the sixth qubit to be adjusted in the thirteenth qubit group to the fourteenth qubit group according to the fifth crosstalk coefficient and the eighth operating frequency difference between any two twelfth qubits in the thirteenth qubit group, and the second grouping condition, is repeated until the fourteenth qubit group includes one qubit, or until the crosstalk coefficient and operating frequency difference between any two qubits in the fourteenth qubit group do not meet the second grouping condition, thus obtaining the sixth grouping result; The step of obtaining the fifth qubits connected to the same local oscillator in each fifth qubit group in the third grouping result to obtain the second set includes: For each 15th qubit group in the sixth grouping result, obtain the 13th qubit in the 15th qubit group that is connected to the same local oscillator source to obtain the seventh set; The step of adjusting the third qubit to be adjusted to the sixth qubit group in each second set when the maximum operating frequency difference between the fifth qubits in the second set is greater than or equal to a preset threshold, according to the operating frequency corresponding to each fifth qubit in the second set, to obtain the fourth grouping result, includes: For each seventh set, when the maximum operating frequency difference between each thirteenth qubit in the seventh set is greater than or equal to a preset threshold, the seventh qubit to be adjusted in the seventh set is adjusted to the sixteenth qubit group according to the operating frequency corresponding to each thirteenth qubit in the seventh set, to obtain the seventh grouping result. The maximum operating frequency difference between qubits connected to the same local oscillator in each qubit group included in the seventh grouping result is less than the preset threshold.

14. A quantum bit grouping device, characterized in that, The device includes: The grouping module is used to group the qubits according to the topological relationship between each first qubit in the target quantum chip, and to obtain a first grouping result including multiple first sets, each first set including a first qubit group and a second qubit group; A first adjustment module is used to adjust a first qubit to be adjusted to a third qubit group for each first set, based on the target distance between the second qubit and the third qubit, a first operating frequency difference, and a first grouping condition, to obtain a second grouping result; wherein, the second qubit is a qubit included in the first qubit group in the first set, the third qubit is a qubit included in the second qubit group in the first set, the first grouping condition is used to indicate the first frequency restriction condition corresponding to the parallel driving of two qubits at different distances, the first qubit to be adjusted is either the second qubit or the third qubit, the third qubit group is a qubit group in the first set that does not include the first qubit to be adjusted, and the first qubit to be adjusted satisfies the first grouping condition with each qubit in the third qubit group; The second adjustment module is used to adjust the second qubit to be adjusted in each fourth qubit group in the second grouping result to the fifth qubit group based on the first crosstalk coefficient and the second operating frequency difference between every two fourth qubits in the fourth qubit group, and the second grouping condition, to obtain the third grouping result; wherein, the second grouping condition is used to indicate the second frequency restriction condition corresponding to when two qubits cannot be driven in parallel under different crosstalk coefficients, and the second qubit to be adjusted is any one of the two fourth qubits that satisfy the second grouping condition; The first acquisition module is used to acquire the fifth qubits connected to the same local oscillator in each fifth qubit group in the third grouping result, and obtain the second set. The third adjustment module is used to adjust the third qubit to be adjusted to the sixth qubit group in each second set when the maximum operating frequency difference between the fifth qubits in the second set is greater than or equal to a preset threshold, according to the operating frequency corresponding to each fifth qubit in the second set, to obtain a fourth grouping result. The maximum operating frequency difference between the qubits connected to the same local oscillator in each qubit group included in the fourth grouping result is less than the preset threshold. The preset threshold is determined based on the frequency requirement corresponding to the hardware attributes of the same local oscillator.

15. A quantum computer, characterized in that, When executed, the method steps of any one of claims 1-13 are implemented.

16. A quantum computing measurement and control system, characterized in that, When executed, the method steps of any one of claims 1-13 are implemented.

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