Antenna and electronic equipment

Abstract

The invention provides an antenna and electronic equipment, and belongs to the technical field of antennas. The antenna comprises a dielectric substrate, and a first conductive layer and a second conductive layer which are arranged on the two sides of the dielectric substrate in the thickness direction of the dielectric substrate; each of the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer comprises a feeder line, a first radiation structure and a second radiation structure which are arranged at two opposite ends in the extension direction of the feeder line, and a third radiation structure and a fourth radiation structure which are respectively arranged at two sides in the extension direction of the feeder line; the first radiation structure and the second radiation structure are symmetrically arranged by taking the midperpendicular of the feeder line as a symmetry axis, and are electrically connected with the feeder line through a switch structure respectively; the third radiation structure and the fourth radiation structure are rotationally symmetrical by taking the midpoint of the feeder line as a rotation center, and are electrically connected with the feeder line through a connecting structure respectively; the extension directions of the feeder line of the first conductive layer and the feeder line of the second conductive layer intersect, and orthographic projections of the centers of the two layers on the dielectric substrate coincide.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure belongs to the field of antenna technology, specifically relating to an antenna and an electronic device. Background Technology

[0002] With the development of modern wireless communication systems, higher demands are placed on the performance of antennas, including radiation range, signal interference resistance, and flexibility. Traditional phased array antennas require a large number of antenna elements and complex feeding networks; therefore, reconfigurable antennas have emerged. A reconfigurable antenna is an antenna whose electromagnetic characteristics, such as operating frequency, radiation pattern, and polarization, can be changed in real time by dynamically adjusting its physical structure, material properties, or electronic component parameters. Compared with phased array antennas, reconfigurable antennas have advantages such as small size, high system flexibility, strong adaptability, high integration, and strong interference resistance. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The present invention aims to solve at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art, and to provide an antenna and an electronic device.

[0004] In some embodiments, the antenna includes a dielectric substrate and a first conductive layer and a second conductive layer disposed on both sides of the dielectric substrate along its thickness direction; wherein...

[0005] Both the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer include: a feed line, a first radiating structure and a second radiating structure disposed at two opposite ends of the feed line, and a third radiating structure and a fourth radiating structure disposed on both sides of the feed line's extension direction; the first radiating structure and the second radiating structure are symmetrically arranged about the perpendicular bisector of the feed line as an axis of symmetry, and are each electrically connected to the feed line through a switch structure; the third radiating structure and the fourth radiating structure are rotationally symmetrical about the midpoint of the feed line as a center of rotation, and are each electrically connected to the feed line through a connection structure;

[0006] The feed lines of the first conductive layer and the feed lines of the second conductive layer intersect in their extending directions, and their centers coincide on the orthographic projection of the dielectric substrate.

[0007] In some embodiments, the first radiating structure includes a first radiating portion and a second radiating portion disposed on the side of the first radiating portion away from the feed line, and the first radiating portion and the second radiating portion extend in different directions;

[0008] One end of the first radiating part is connected to the feeder through the switch structure, and the other end is connected to the midpoint of the second radiating part.

[0009] In some embodiments, the first radiating structure further comprises a slot arranged at a joint of the first radiating part and the second radiating part; the slot extends along the extension direction of the feed line and penetrates the second radiating part and part of the first radiating part.

[0010] In some embodiments, the third radiating structure and the fourth radiating structure have a farthest distance in a direction perpendicular to the extension direction of the feed line, which is smaller than a distance between two ends of the second radiating part in a direction perpendicular to the extension direction of the feed line.

[0011] In some embodiments, the third radiating structure is a circular-arc open-loop structure, and a projection of the circular-arc open-loop structure on the dielectric substrate is located on a circular ring.

[0012] A projection of an opening of the circular-arc open-loop structure on the dielectric substrate and a projection of a joint of the connecting structure and the circular-arc open-loop structure on the dielectric substrate are perpendicular to each other.

[0013] In some embodiments, the third radiating structure comprises a third radiating part, a fourth radiating part and a fifth radiating part connected to two ends of the third radiating part respectively; the fourth radiating part has a length smaller than that of the fifth radiating part, and the fourth radiating part and the fifth radiating part are arranged separately.

[0014] The extension direction of the third radiating part is the same as the extension direction of the feed line, and the connecting structure is connected to a midpoint of the third radiating part; an included angle between the third radiating part and the fourth radiating part is a first included angle, and an included angle between the third radiating part and the fifth radiating part is a second included angle; the first included angle and the second included angle are both acute angles, the first included angle is greater than the second included angle, and a sum of the first included angle and the second included angle is smaller than 90°.

[0015] In some embodiments, the third radiating structure further comprises a first transition part connected between the third radiating part and the fourth radiating part, and a second transition part connected between the third radiating part and the fifth radiating part.

[0016] The first transition part and the second transition part are both arc-shaped structures, and the first transition part protrudes towards a side away from the fifth radiating part, and the second transition part protrudes towards a side away from the fourth radiating part.

[0017] In some embodiments, a projection of the third radiating structure on the dielectric substrate comprises any one of a circle, a rectangle, a parabolic line, a hyperbolic line, a broken line, and a straight line.

[0018] In some embodiments, the antenna further comprises a feed hole; the feed hole sequentially penetrates the midpoint of the feed line of the first conductive layer, the dielectric substrate and the midpoint of the feed line of the second conductive layer along the thickness direction of the dielectric substrate.

[0019] The antenna further comprises a feed structure arranged in the feed hole; the feed structure is configured to feed the first feed structure, the second feed structure, the third feed structure and the fourth feed structure through the feed line.

[0020] In some embodiments, the switch structure comprises a PIN diode or a MEMS switch.

[0021] The embodiments of the present disclosure further provide an electronic device comprising the antenna described in the above embodiments. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0022] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a cross-sectional structure of an antenna provided by the embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0023] Figure 2 A top view of an antenna provided by the embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0024] Figure 3 A top view of a first conductive layer provided by the embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0025] Figure 4 A simulation diagram of an S11 parameter of an antenna provided by the embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0026] Figure 5 A top view of a third radiation structure provided by the embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0027] Figure 6 A top view of a first conductive layer provided by the embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0028] Figure 7 A top view of a first conductive layer provided by the embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0029] Figure 8 A top view of a first conductive layer provided by the embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0030] Figure 9 A top view of a first conductive layer provided by the embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0031] Figure 10 A top view of a first conductive layer provided by the embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0032] Figure 11 A top view of a first conductive layer provided by the embodiments of the present disclosure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] In order to better understand the technical solutions of the present application, the present application will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments.

[0034] Unless otherwise defined, technical terms or scientific terms used in the present application shall have the common meaning understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which the present application pertains. The terms "a", "an", "one", "this", and like terms used herein are not intended to be singular or plural, unless expressly so defined. The terms "including", "containing", "having", and any variations thereof are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, for example, a process, method, system, product, or apparatus that comprises a list of steps or modules (units) is not limited to those listed steps or units, but can include other not-listed steps or units, or can include other steps or units inherent to such process, method, product, or apparatus. The terms "connected", "coupled", and like terms are not limited to direct or physical connections, but can include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. The term "multiple" refers to two or more. The term "and / or" describes an associated relationship between associated objects, which means that there can be three relationships, for example, "A and / or B" can mean that A exists alone, A and B exist together, and B exists alone. The character " / " generally means that the associated objects before and after are in an "or" relationship. The terms "first", "second", "third", and the like are merely used to distinguish similar objects, and do not represent a specific order of the objects. "Up", "down", "left", "right", and the like are used to represent relative positional relationships, which can change when the absolute positions of the described objects change.

[0035] As used herein, "parallel", "perpendicular" includes the stated case and a case similar to the stated case within an acceptable deviation range, wherein the acceptable deviation range is determined by a person of ordinary skill in the art considering the measurement being discussed and the error related to the measurement of a specific quantity (i.e., the limitation of the measurement system). For example, "parallel" includes absolute parallel and approximately parallel, wherein the acceptable deviation range of approximately parallel can be, for example, a deviation within 5°; "perpendicular" includes absolute perpendicular and approximately perpendicular, wherein the acceptable deviation range of approximately perpendicular can also be, for example, a deviation within 5°. It should be understood that when a layer or element is referred to as being on another layer or substrate, it can be that the layer or element is directly on the other layer or substrate, or there can be an intermediate layer between the layer or element and the other layer or substrate.

[0036] In the field of related technologies, reconfigurable antennas, as a type of antenna with flexible adjustment characteristics, have received widespread attention and research. They can dynamically change their radiation characteristics, frequency response, and other key parameters according to actual needs to adapt to different working environments and communication requirements. This reconfigurability is mainly achieved by changing the antenna's physical structure, adding active devices, or employing special control algorithms. For example, by controlling the connection state of the antenna's radiating elements with a switch, switching between different frequency bands can be achieved; or by using active devices such as varactor diodes, the antenna's resonant frequency can be adjusted in real time, thus achieving reconfigurability. The emergence of reconfigurable antennas has greatly improved the adaptability and flexibility of antenna systems, providing strong support for the development of modern wireless communication technology.

[0037] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a reconfigurable antenna provided in this disclosure, such as... Figure 1 As shown, the antenna includes a dielectric substrate 1, and a first conductive layer 21 and a second conductive layer 22 disposed on both sides of the dielectric substrate 1 along its thickness direction. The dielectric substrate 1 serves as both the support structure for the entire antenna and the dielectric layer for signal transmission; therefore, it can be made of a material with high hardness and high dielectric constant. Optionally, the dielectric substrate 1 may include one or more layers of dielectric material. Figure 2 for Figure 1 The top view of the antenna shown is as follows: Figure 2 As shown, the first conductive layer 21 and the second conductive layer 22 have the same shape, their centers coincide, and their orthographic projections on the dielectric substrate are rotationally symmetrical about the coincident center. The rotational symmetry angle can be 0-90°. Preferably, the orthographic projections of the first conductive layer 21 and the second conductive layer 22 on the dielectric substrate are symmetrical about 90° about their centers.

[0038] Figure 3 for Figure 2 A top view of the first conductive layer in the antenna shown, as follows: Figures 1-3As shown, the first conductive layer 21 and the second conductive layer 22 each include a feed line 3, a first radiating structure 41 and a second radiating structure 42 disposed at two opposite ends of the feed line 3, and a third radiating structure 43 and a fourth radiating structure 44 disposed at two sides of the feed line 3 along the extension direction of the feed line 3. The feed line 3 is configured to provide a feed signal for the first radiating structure 41, the second radiating structure 42, the third radiating structure 43, and the fourth radiating structure 44. When the first conductive layer 21 and the second conductive layer 22 are 90°-symmetric about the centers of the two layers as the rotation center, the center of the feed line 3 of the first conductive layer 21 coincides with the center of the feed line 3 of the second conductive layer 22, and the extension directions of the two are perpendicular to each other. The first conductive layer 21 and the second conductive layer 22 can be made of low-resistance and low-loss metal materials such as copper, gold, silver, etc., and can be prepared by various methods such as magnetron sputtering, thermal evaporation, electroplating, or a combination of these methods (e.g., sputtering followed by electroplating).

[0039] It should be noted that, in Figure 1 , the first radiating structure 41, the second radiating structure 42, the third radiating structure 43, and the fourth radiating structure 44 are disposed in the same layer as the corresponding feed line 3, but are not formed by a one-time patterning process during preparation. For example, the first conductive layer 21 is prepared by a magnetron sputtering process, which includes: first sputtering to form a pattern including the feed line 3 on the dielectric substrate 1, and then sputtering to form a pattern including the first radiating structure 41, the second radiating structure 42, the third radiating structure 43, and the fourth radiating structure 44. The mask plates used in the two sputtering processes are different, and the decomposition of a layer of conductive layer into multiple mask plates for multiple process preparation can improve process precision and effectively reduce errors and defects that may be caused by one-time patterning. In addition, the step-by-step preparation using multiple mask plates also facilitates the replacement of only part of the mask plates when fine-tuning the shape of the antenna, thereby reducing production costs.

[0040] In some examples, the antenna further includes a feed hole that sequentially penetrates the center of the feed line 3 of the first conductive layer 21, the dielectric substrate 1, and the center of the feed line 3 of the second conductive layer 22 along the thickness direction of the antenna, and a feed structure 7 is disposed in the feed hole. The feed structure 7 is configured to transmit a feed signal by the feed line 3 in the first conductive layer 21 and the second conductive layer 22, and feed the first radiating structure 41, the second radiating structure 42, the third radiating structure 43, and the fourth radiating structure 44 by the feed line 3. The orthogonal projection of the feed hole on the plane where the dielectric substrate 1 is located includes but is not limited to a rectangle, a circle, or a square, etc.

[0041] Continuing to refer to Figure 3, the first radiating structure 41 and the second radiating structure 42 are electrically connected to the feed line 3 through a switch structure 5 respectively, and the two are symmetrically arranged with the center line of the feed line 3 as the axis of symmetry. Among them, by controlling the switch state of the switch structure 5, whether the feed signal can be transmitted from the feed line 3 to the first radiating structure 41 and the second radiating structure 42 can be controlled, and then the working state of the first radiating structure 41 and the second radiating structure 42 can be controlled, and then the beam pointing of the antenna can be controlled. Continue to refer to Figure 3 , the third radiating structure 43 and the fourth radiating structure 44 are directly electrically connected to the feed line 3 through the connection structure 6, and the two are rotationally symmetric with the center of the feed line 3 as the center of rotation. Among them, since the connection structure 6 adopts the same conductive structure as the feed line 3, the third radiating structure 43 and the fourth radiating structure 44 are always excited by the feed signal and are always in the working state. It should be noted that the above-mentioned first radiating structure 41 and the second radiating structure 42 can be equivalent to two electric dipoles, and the third radiating structure 43 and the fourth radiating structure 44 can be equivalent to small current loops, that is, can be equivalent to magnetic dipoles. Therefore, for each conductive layer, it includes two electric dipoles (i.e. the first radiating structure 41 and the second radiating structure 42) with opposite radiation directions and two magnetic dipoles (i.e. the third radiating structure 43 and the fourth radiating structure 44) with opposite radiation directions, and there is a phase difference of 90° between the electric dipole and the magnetic dipole.

[0042] In the related art, based on the Huygens principle, an antenna with high gain and high forward / backward ratio (F / B) directivity needs to meet the following three conditions: (1) the geometric centers of the electric dipole and the magnetic dipole coincide; (2) equal amplitude excitation; (3) the phase difference between the electric radiator and the magnetic radiator is 180°. Referring to the attached Figures 1-3 It can be seen directly that the center of the feed line 3 of the first conductive layer 21 and the center of the feed line 3 of the second conductive layer 22 completely coincide in the antenna provided in the present application, and the extension direction of the feed line 3 of the first conductive layer 21 is perpendicular to the extension direction of the feed line 3 of the second conductive layer 22, at this time, the two electric dipoles in the first conductive layer 21 and the two electric dipoles in the second conductive layer 22 form an electric radiator, which can radiate in four different directions, the two magnetic dipoles in the first conductive layer 21 and the two magnetic dipoles in the second conductive layer 22 form a magnetic radiator, which can also radiate in four different directions, and the geometric centers of the electric radiator and the magnetic radiator completely coincide, satisfying the above condition (1). Moreover, the orthographic projection of the four electric dipoles on the dielectric substrate 1 is rotationally symmetric, and the orthographic projection of the four magnetic dipoles on the dielectric substrate 1 is also rotationally symmetric, thus satisfying the above condition (2). In addition, there is a phase difference of 90° between each magnetic dipole and the electric dipole arranged in the same layer, and the current loop equivalent to the corresponding magnetic dipole also has a phase difference of 90°, so that their superposition just satisfies the 180° phase difference in condition (3).

[0043] Based on the above structural features, the antenna provided in the present application can form a radiation mode with high gain and high forward / backward ratio (F / B) directivity, and has very high signal anti-interference capability. In actual application, the shape and size of each part of the antenna can be adjusted to adapt to different communication environments and requirements. For example, by controlling the switch state of the switch structure 5, the beam pointing of the antenna can be dynamically changed, thereby realizing functions such as beam scanning and beam shaping.

[0044] Figure 4 The S11 parameter simulation diagram of the antenna provided in the embodiments of the present disclosure is shown in the figure, and specifically, the four curves in the figure respectively represent the S11 simulation curves of the antenna when the four switch structures 5 are in different switch states. Among them, the angle φ (phi) represents the pointing angle of the main radiation beam of the antenna in the azimuth plane (horizontal plane) under different working states. By switching different electric dipoles, the antenna can concentrate the signal radiation to a specific direction. Specifically, for the convenience of description, the switch structure 5 in the first conductive layer 21 connected with the first radiation structure 41 is referred to as the first switch structure, the switch structure 5 in the first conductive layer 21 connected with the second radiation structure 42 is referred to as the second switch structure, the switch structure in the second conductive layer 22 connected with the first radiation structure 41 is referred to as the third switch structure, and the switch structure 5 in the second conductive layer 22 connected with the second radiation structure 42 is referred to as the fourth switch structure. Among them, the red solid line represents the S11 simulation curve of the antenna when the first switch structure and the second switch structure are in the open state and the third switch structure and the fourth switch structure are in the closed state; the blue solid line represents the S11 simulation curve of the antenna when the second switch structure and the third switch structure are in the open state and the first switch structure and the fourth switch structure are in the closed state; the red dashed line represents the S11 simulation curve of the antenna when the third switch structure and the fourth switch structure are in the open state and the first switch structure and the second switch structure are in the closed state; and the blue dashed line represents the S11 simulation curve of the antenna when the first switch structure and the fourth switch structure are in the open state and the second switch structure and the third switch structure are in the closed state. As can be seen from the figure, the S11 parameters of the antenna under the four working modes are all less than -10 dB, which indicates that the antenna can realize good impedance matching under the four working modes, effectively reduces signal reflection, and thereby improves the radiation efficiency and transmission performance of the antenna.

[0045] In addition to adjusting the beam pointing of the antenna by controlling the switch state of the switch structure 5, other performances of the antenna can also be improved by adjusting the size and shape of the radiation structure in the antenna. It should be noted that according to the above, the second radiation structure 42 adopts a shape symmetrical to the first radiation structure 41, and the fourth radiation structure 44 adopts a shape rotationally symmetrical to the third radiation structure 43, so only the first radiation structure 41 and the third radiation structure 43 are described below, and the structure of the second radiation structure 42 and the fourth radiation structure 44 will not be described again.

[0046] In some examples, as shown in Figure 3 , the first radiation structure 41 includes a first radiation part 411 and a second radiation part 412 connected to each other. Among them, the extension direction of the first radiation part 411 is the same as the extension direction of the feed line 3, and one end of the first radiation part 411 is connected to one end of the feed line 3 through the switch structure 5. The second radiation part 412 is arranged on the side of the first radiation part 411 away from the feed line 3, and the extension direction of the second radiation part 412 is different from the extension direction of the first radiation part 411, and the included angle between the two can be 0-90°. Preferably, continuing to refer to Figure 3 , the extension direction of the second radiation part 412 can be perpendicular to the extension direction of the first radiation part 411, and one end of the first radiation part 411 is connected to the midpoint of the second radiation part 412. In this way, the first radiation part 411 and the second radiation part 412 are connected to form a T-shaped first radiation structure 41. The T-shaped radiation structure not only can enhance the radiation intensity of the antenna, but also can realize the uniformity of radiation by using its symmetry. Further, by designing the specific size of the T-shaped first radiation structure 41, the performance of the antenna can be optimized.

[0047] In some examples, as shown in Figure 6 , the first radiation structure 41 not only includes the first radiation part 411 and the second radiation part 412, but also includes a slot 413 arranged at the connection of the first radiation part 411 and the second radiation part 412. Referring to Figure 6 , in Figure 6 the example, the slot 413 is a rectangular slot, and extends along the extension direction of the feed line 3. The rectangular slot penetrates the second radiation part 412 and part of the first radiation part 411, so that the T-shaped first radiation structure 41 becomes a U-shaped first radiation structure 41. Compared with the T-shaped first radiation structure 41, the U-shaped first radiation structure 41 has a longer current path, which makes the antenna be able to produce stronger electromagnetic radiation when working, thereby improving the radiation efficiency of the antenna. At the same time, the design of the U-shaped structure can also enhance the impedance matching characteristics of the antenna, reduce signal reflection, and improve signal transmission quality. In addition, the shape of the slot 413 can also be triangular, elliptical, etc., which is not limited in the present disclosure.

[0048] In some examples, such as Figure 3 As shown, the third radiating structure 43 is an arc-shaped open-loop structure. That is, the orthographic projection of the third radiating structure 43 onto the dielectric substrate 1 lies on a ring and includes an opening. In this case, the third radiating structure 43 is a C-shaped structure. This C-shaped third radiating structure 43 can guide current to flow along its contour, thereby generating electromagnetic radiation in a specific direction. For example, in order to improve the antenna pattern, the furthest distance between the third radiating structure 43 and the fourth radiating structure 44 along the extension direction perpendicular to the feed line 3 can be set to be less than the distance between the two ends of the second radiating portion 412 along the extension direction perpendicular to the feed line 3.

[0049] Figure 5 for Figure 3 The enlarged view of the third radiating structure shown is for reference only. Figure 5 The orthographic projection of the opening of the C-shaped third radiating structure 43 onto the dielectric substrate 1, and the line connecting it to the center of the ring, form a first line segment D1. The orthographic projection of the connection point between the connecting structure 6 and the C-shaped third radiating structure 43 onto the dielectric substrate 1, and the line connecting it to the center of the ring, form a second line segment D2. The first line segment D1 and the second line segment D2 are perpendicular to each other. In other words, the opening of the C-shaped third radiating structure 43 is positioned in a specific orientation, forming a perpendicular arrangement with the connecting structure 6. This perpendicular arrangement helps to further optimize the antenna's radiation characteristics, making the radiation of electromagnetic waves more concentrated and efficient in a specific direction. In a specific example, the inner ring radius of the C-shaped structure is 8 mm, and the outer ring radius is 10 mm.

[0050] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of a polygonal third radial structure, as shown below. Figure 7 As shown, in this example, the third radiating structure 43 includes a third radiating part 431, and a fourth radiating part 432 and a fifth radiating part 433 respectively connected to both ends of the third radiating part 431. The extending direction of the third radiating part 431 is perpendicular to the extending direction of the connecting structure 6, and the midpoint of the third radiating part 431 is connected to the midpoint of the feeder 3 through the connecting structure 6. The fourth radiating part 432 and the fifth radiating part 433 are disposed on the side of the third radiating part 431 away from the connecting structure 6.

[0051] Continue to refer to Figure 7The fourth radiating section 432 is disconnected from the fifth radiating section 433. The angle between the fourth radiating section 432 and the third radiating section 431 is the first angle α1, and the angle between the fifth radiating section 433 and the third radiating section 431 is the second angle α2. Both the first angle α1 and the second angle α2 are acute angles, and their sum is less than 90°. In other words, the third radiating section 431, the fourth radiating section 432, and the fifth radiating section 433 form a triangular-like open-loop structure, and the orthographic projection of this open-loop structure onto the dielectric substrate 1 lies on an obtuse triangle. To ensure radiation symmetry, the length of the fourth radiating section 432 is greater than the length of the fifth radiating section 433, and the first angle is smaller than the second angle. This triangular-like open-loop third radiating structure 43 can generate a unique radiation pattern. Due to the special arrangement of the third radiating section 431, the fourth radiating section 432, and the fifth radiating section 433, the current forms a specific distribution during flow, thereby generating electromagnetic radiation in a specific direction. Furthermore, the radiation direction and intensity of the antenna can be adjusted by adjusting the first included angle, the second included angle, and the length of each radiating part. For example, the sum of the lengths of the third radiating part 431, the fourth radiating part 432, and the fifth radiating part 433 is 1.2λ, and their widths are all 0.02λ, where λ is the free space wavelength corresponding to the antenna's operating frequency band.

[0052] and Figure 6 Compared to the third radiating structure 43 shown, Figure 7 The current path of the third radiating structure 43 shown is longer, and, Figure 7 The described zigzag third radiating structure 43 does not include an arc structure, so it can be fabricated using standard PCB etching processes, which can significantly reduce the complexity of photolithography masking processes.

[0053] In some examples, in addition to the third radiating section 431, the fourth radiating section 432, and the fifth radiating section 433, the third radiating structure 43 also includes a first transition section 434 connecting the third radiating section 431 and the fourth radiating section 432, and a second transition section 435 connecting the third radiating section 431 and the fifth radiating section 433. Both the first transition section 434 and the second transition section 435 are arc-shaped structures, with the first transition section 434 protruding away from the fifth radiating section 433, and the second transition section 435 protruding away from the fourth radiating section 432. By setting the first transition section 434 and the second transition section 435, a smooth transition from the third radiating section 431 to the fourth radiating section 432 and the fifth radiating section 433 can be achieved, effectively reducing energy loss caused by sudden changes in current direction during flow, thereby improving the antenna's radiation efficiency. Simultaneously, the arc-shaped first transition section 434 and the second transition section 435 can also increase the antenna's mechanical strength, improving its stability and reliability in complex environments. For example, the radius of curvature of the first transition section 431 and the second transition section 432 is 0.01λ, where λ is the free space wavelength corresponding to the operating frequency band of the antenna.

[0054] In some examples, the third radiating structure 43 can be designed not only as the C-shaped and polygonal structures mentioned above, but also as any of the following: circular, parabolic, hyperbolic, or linear. Different shape designs can result in different current distributions and radiation characteristics in the third radiating structure 43. For example, as... Figure 9 As shown, when the third radiating structure 43 is circular, the current flows uniformly along the circumference, thus generating a relatively uniform annular radiation mode. This structure has certain advantages in scenarios requiring omnidirectional radiation; for example... Figure 10 As shown, the parabolic third radiating structure 43 can guide the current to flow along a parabolic trajectory, which helps to focus electromagnetic waves in a specific direction, improving the antenna's radiation intensity and directivity in that direction; as Figure 11 As shown, the hyperbolic third radiating structure 43 possesses unique current distribution characteristics, enabling it to generate electromagnetic radiation with specific phase and amplitude characteristics, which can be used to achieve some special communication functions. While the linear third radiating structure 43 is simple in structure, it can also play a role when combined with other radiating structures, for example, by achieving specific polarization characteristics through combination with other structures. In practical design, a suitable third radiating structure shape can be selected based on specific application requirements and performance indicators, and detailed parameter optimization can be performed to achieve optimal antenna performance.

[0055] In some examples, the switch structure 5 arranged between the electric dipole and the feed line 3 can be a MEMS switch or a PIN diode. The MEMS switch has the advantages of small volume, light weight, low power consumption and fast switching speed, and can realize precise switching control in a small space, and the switching action has little effect on the overall performance of the antenna. The PIN diode has high switching speed and good linearity, and the switching state can be easily switched by controlling the bias current, and good performance stability can be maintained at high frequency. Through simulation, the switching speed of the PIN diode is one order of magnitude higher than that of the MEMS switch, less than 100 nanoseconds; the capacity power of the PIN diode is +30dBm, which is 15dB higher than that of the MEMS switch; the temperature stability of the PIN diode is higher, and the S11 parameter of the antenna changes less than 0.5dB within -40℃ to +85℃. In practical applications, MEMS switch or PIN diode can be selected as the switch structure 5 according to the working frequency, power capacity and cost of the antenna, so as to ensure that the antenna can realize stable and efficient performance under different working conditions.

[0056] Through simulation, the working bandwidth of the antenna of the present application is 2.1GHz-3.8GHz, and the relative bandwidth is 58%, which indicates that the antenna has a wide working range in this frequency band, which can meet the demand of various communication systems for frequency resources. For example, the antenna can work in the 2.4GHz wifi frequency band with a center working frequency f0 of 2.45GHz, at this time, the size of the dielectric substrate 1 can be 0.6λ0*0.6λ0*0.03λ0(λ0 is the free space wavelength of 2.45GHz), the dielectric substrate 1 can use quartz, glass and other hard materials with low microwave loss, or polytetrafluoroethylene glass fiber plate, phenolic paper laminated plate, phenolic glass cloth laminated plate and other PCB insulating plate materials.

[0057] For another example, the antenna can be applied in Sub-1GHz Internet of Things frequency band (such as 868 / 915MHz LPWAN frequency band), smart meter (902-928MHz frequency band), agricultural environmental monitoring sensor (868MHz EU frequency band), urban intelligent street lamp control system (sub-GHz frequency band) and other scenes, at this time, the dielectric substrate 1 uses glass materials more suitable for low frequency scenes, such as low loss glass, FR4 epoxy glass fiber plate, etc. At the same time, in order to realize the miniaturization of the antenna, the area of each unit in the antenna needs to be appropriately reduced. For example, the circumference of the C-shaped third and fourth radiation structures 43 and 44 is set to be greater than λ1 / 4(λ1 is the free space wavelength of 915MHz).

[0058] Based on the same inventive concept, the present disclosure also provides an electronic device comprising the antenna in the above embodiments.

[0059] In some examples, the electronic device further comprises a transceiving unit, a radio frequency transceiver, a signal amplifier, a power amplifier, a filter unit. The antenna can be used as a transmitting antenna, and also as a receiving antenna. Among them, the transceiving unit can include a baseband and a receiving end, the baseband provides at least one frequency band signal, such as providing 2G signal, 3G signal, 4G signal, 5G signal, etc., and sending at least one frequency band signal to the radio frequency transceiver. After the transparent antenna in the communication system receives the signal, it can be transmitted to the receiving end in the transceiving unit after processing by the filter unit, the power amplifier, the signal amplifier, and the radio frequency transceiver. The receiving end can be a smart gateway, etc.

[0060] Further, the radio frequency transceiver is connected with the transceiving unit, for modulating the signal sent by the transceiving unit, or for demodulating the signal received by the transparent antenna and transmitting it to the transceiving unit. Specifically, the radio frequency transceiver can include a transmitting circuit, a receiving circuit, a modulation circuit, and a demodulation circuit. After the transmitting circuit receives the multiple types of signals provided by the baseband, the modulation circuit can modulate the multiple types of signals provided by the baseband and then send them to the antenna. The receiving circuit of the radio frequency transceiver transmits the received signal to the demodulation circuit, and the demodulation circuit demodulates the signal and transmits it to the receiving end.

[0061] Further, the radio frequency transceiver is connected with the signal amplifier and the power amplifier, and the signal amplifier and the power amplifier are connected with the filter unit, and the filter unit is connected with at least one antenna. In the process of sending signals in the communication system, the signal amplifier is used to improve the signal-to-noise ratio of the signal output by the radio frequency transceiver and then transmit it to the filter unit; the power amplifier is used to amplify the power of the signal output by the radio frequency transceiver and then transmit it to the filter unit; the filter unit can specifically include a duplexer and a filter circuit, and the filter unit combines and filters out the noise of the signals output by the signal amplifier and the power amplifier and then transmits them to the transparent antenna, and the antenna radiates the signals. In the process of receiving signals in the communication system, the antenna receives the signals and transmits them to the filter unit, the filter unit filters out the noise of the signals received by the antenna and then transmits them to the signal amplifier and the power amplifier, the signal amplifier increases the gain of the signals received by the antenna to increase the signal-to-noise ratio of the signals, and the power amplifier amplifies the power of the signals received by the antenna. The signals received by the antenna are processed by the power amplifier and the signal amplifier and then transmitted to the radio frequency transceiver, and the radio frequency transceiver transmits them to the transceiving unit.

[0062] In some examples, the signal amplifier can include multiple types of signal amplifiers, such as a low-noise amplifier, which is mainly used in the receiving link. Its role is to amplify the weak signal received by the antenna to improve the quality of the received signal while minimizing the noise factor. The low-noise amplifier has high gain, low noise, wide dynamic range, and other characteristics, which can effectively improve the receiving sensitivity of the communication system. For example, in some communication scenarios with high requirements for signal quality, such as satellite communication, deep space exploration, etc., the low-noise amplifier can play a key role to ensure that the receiving end can accurately capture and process weak signals.

[0063] In addition, the signal amplifier can also include a power gain amplifier, which is mainly used in the transmitting link. The power gain amplifier can further amplify the signal output by the radio frequency transceiver to increase the transmission power of the signal, thereby expanding the coverage range of the signal. In some scenarios that require long-distance communication, such as wireless broadcasting, mobile communication base stations, etc., the power gain amplifier can ensure that the signal maintains sufficient strength during transmission to overcome the effects of path loss and interference.

[0064] The power amplifier also plays an important role in the communication system. It can perform the final power amplification of the signal processed by the signal amplifier to meet the power requirements of the antenna transmission. The performance indicators of the power amplifier mainly include output power, efficiency, linearity, etc. A high-efficiency power amplifier can reduce energy loss, reduce system heating, and improve system reliability; while good linearity can ensure that the signal is not distorted during amplification, maintaining the accuracy and integrity of the signal.

[0065] In practical applications, electronic devices can flexibly select and configure different types of signal amplifiers and power amplifiers according to specific communication needs and scene characteristics to achieve the best communication performance. For example, in short-distance communication scenarios, only a low-noise amplifier may be needed to improve receiving sensitivity; while in long-distance communication scenarios, both a power gain amplifier and a power amplifier may be needed to ensure the transmission power and coverage range of the signal.

[0066] In some examples, the antenna provided by the embodiments of the present disclosure further includes a power management unit connected to the power amplifier, which provides voltage for the power amplifier to amplify the signal.

[0067] It can be understood that the above implementation is only an example of the implementation used to illustrate the principles of the present application, but the present application is not limited thereto. Those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the spirit and essence of the present application, and these modifications and improvements are also considered within the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. An antenna comprising a dielectric substrate, and a first conductive layer and a second conductive layer disposed on both sides of the dielectric substrate along its thickness direction; wherein, the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer each comprise a feed line, a first radiating structure and a second radiating structure disposed on both opposite ends of the feed line, and a third radiating structure and a fourth radiating structure disposed on both sides of the extension direction of the feed line; the first radiating structure and the second radiating structure are symmetrically disposed with the median line of the feed line as the axis of symmetry, and are respectively electrically connected to the feed line through a switch structure; the third radiating structure and the fourth radiating structure are rotationally symmetric with the midpoint of the feed line as the center of rotation, and are respectively electrically connected to the feed line through a connection structure; the extension direction of the feed line of the first conductive layer intersects with the extension direction of the feed line of the second conductive layer, and the centers of the two are coincident in the orthographic projection on the dielectric substrate.

2. The antenna of claim 1, wherein, the first radiating structure comprises a first radiating part and a second radiating part disposed on the side of the first radiating part away from the feed line, and the extension directions of the first radiating part and the second radiating part are different; one end of the first radiating part is connected to the feed line through the switch structure, and the other end is connected to the midpoint of the second radiating part.

3. The antenna of claim 2, wherein, the first radiating structure further comprises a slot disposed at the connection between the first radiating part and the second radiating part; the slot extends along the extension direction of the feed line, and penetrates through the second radiating part and part of the first radiating part.

4. The antenna of claim 2, wherein, the furthest distance between the third radiating structure and the fourth radiating structure along the direction perpendicular to the extension direction of the feed line is less than the distance between the two ends of the second radiating part along the direction perpendicular to the extension direction of the feed line.

5. The antenna of claim 1, wherein, the third radiating structure is a circular arc open loop structure, and the orthographic projection of the circular arc open loop structure on the dielectric substrate is located on a circular ring; the orthographic projection of the opening of the circular arc open loop structure on the dielectric substrate, and the orthographic projection of the connection between the connection structure and the circular arc open loop structure on the dielectric substrate, are perpendicular to each other, and form two line segments with the center of the circular ring.

6. The antenna of claim 1, wherein, the third radiating structure comprises a third radiating part, and a fourth radiating part and a fifth radiating part connected to both ends of the third radiating part respectively; the length of the fourth radiating part is less than the length of the fifth radiating part, and the two are disposed separately; the extension direction of the third radiating part is the same as the extension direction of the feed line, and the connection structure is connected to the midpoint of the third radiating part; the included angle between the third radiating part and the fourth radiating part is a first included angle, and the included angle between the third radiating part and the fifth radiating part is a second included angle; the first included angle and the second included angle are both acute angles, the first included angle is greater than the second included angle, and the sum of the first included angle and the second included angle is less than 90°.

7. The antenna of claim 6, wherein, the third radiating structure further comprises a first transition part connected between the third radiating part and the fourth radiating part, and a second transition part connected between the third radiating part and the fifth radiating part. The first transition portion and the second transition portion are both arc-shaped structures, and the first transition portion protrudes towards a side away from the fifth radiation portion, and the second transition portion protrudes towards a side away from the fourth radiation portion.

8. The antenna of claim 1, wherein, A normal projection of the third radiation structure on the dielectric substrate comprises any one of a circle, a rectangle, a parabolic line, a hyperbolic line, a broken line, and a straight line.

9. The antenna of claim 1, wherein, The antenna further comprises a feed hole; the feed hole sequentially penetrates the center of the feed line of the first conductive layer, the dielectric substrate, and the center of the feed line of the second conductive layer along the thickness direction of the dielectric substrate; The antenna further comprises a feed structure arranged in the feed hole; the feed structure is configured to feed the first feed structure, the second feed structure, the third feed structure, and the fourth feed structure through the feed line.

10. The antenna of claim 1, wherein, The switch structure comprises a PIN diode or a MEMS switch. 11.An electronic device comprising the antenna of any one of claims 1-10.

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