Solar cell, cell assembly and photovoltaic system

Abstract

The invention is suitable for the technical field of solar cells, and provides a solar cell, a cell module and a photovoltaic system. The solar cell includes: a silicon substrate including a first surface, a second surface, and a side portion connecting the first surface and the second surface; the plurality of grid lines are arranged on the first surface and / or the second surface; and the protection grid is arranged at the side part and is insulated from the grid line. Therefore, the protection grid is arranged on the side part of the silicon substrate, so that the strength of the side part of the solar cell can be enhanced, and the risk that the edge of the solar cell is damaged is reduced. Meanwhile, as the protective grid is insulated from the grid lines, the protective grid can be prevented from conducting the grid lines, and the risk of short circuit of the solar cell is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application belongs to the field of solar cell technology, and particularly relates to a solar cell, a battery module, and a photovoltaic system. Background Technology

[0002] Solar cell power generation is a sustainable and clean energy source that uses the photovoltaic effect of semiconductor pn junctions to convert sunlight into electrical energy. However, the edges of solar cells are easily damaged during transportation, leading to chipping, breakage, wear, and other issues that affect cell performance or render the cells unusable.

[0003] Therefore, how to reduce the risk of edge damage to solar cells has become an urgent problem to be solved. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This application provides a solar cell, a battery module, and a photovoltaic system designed to address the problem of how to reduce the risk of edge damage to solar cells.

[0005] The solar cell provided in this application includes: A silicon substrate includes a first surface, a second surface, and a side portion, wherein the side portion connects the first surface and the second surface; A plurality of grid lines are disposed on the first surface and / or the second surface; A protective barrier is provided on the side and is insulated from the barrier wire.

[0006] Specifically, the ratio of the thickness of the protective grid to the thickness of the grid line is 1-3.

[0007] Specifically, the material of the protective barrier includes a first metal, and the material of the barrier wire includes a second metal, wherein the first metal and the second metal are the same.

[0008] Specifically, the side portion includes a side edge and a side surface. The side edge includes a first edge and a second edge. The first edge is located between the side surface and the first surface, and the second edge is located between the side surface and the second surface.

[0009] Specifically, the protective fence includes a first protective portion disposed on the side edge.

[0010] Specifically, the width of the first protective part is 10μm-200μm.

[0011] Specifically, the ratio of the length of the first protective part to the length of the side edge is 0.05-1.

[0012] Specifically, the protective fence includes a second protective portion, which is disposed on the side.

[0013] Specifically, the width of the second protective part is greater than 0 and less than or equal to 150 μm.

[0014] Specifically, the ratio of the area covered by the second protective part to the total area of ​​the side is 0.05-1.

[0015] Specifically, the grid lines include a first polarity grid line and a second polarity grid line, which are respectively connected to a first connector and a second connector. The extension direction of the side portion where the protective grid is located is the same as the extension direction of the fine grid of the solar cell. The side portion includes a first region and a second region, which correspond to the first connector and the second connector, respectively. The protective grid is segmented to avoid the first region and / or the second region.

[0016] Specifically, the grid lines include a first polarity grid line and a second polarity grid line, the first polarity grid line and the second polarity grid line are respectively connected to a first series connector and a second series connector, the extension direction of the side portion where the protective grid is located is the same as the extension direction of the fine grid of the solar cell, and the side portion includes a first region and a second region, which correspond to the first series connector and the second series connector respectively; The protective barrier is provided with a first insulating element at the location in the first region to insulate the protective barrier from the first connecting member; and / or, the protective barrier is provided with a second insulating element at the location in the second region to insulate the protective barrier from the second connecting member.

[0017] The battery assembly provided in this application includes any of the aforementioned solar cells.

[0018] The photovoltaic system provided in this application includes the battery modules described above.

[0019] The solar cells, battery modules, and photovoltaic systems of this application, because a protective grid is provided on the side of the silicon substrate, can enhance the strength of the side of the solar cell and reduce the risk of edge damage to the solar cell. At the same time, because the protective grid is insulated from the grid lines, it can prevent the protective grid from conducting through the grid lines, reducing the risk of short circuits in the solar cell. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a solar cell according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a solar cell according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a solar cell according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a solar cell according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a solar cell according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a solar cell according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a solar cell according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a solar cell according to an embodiment of this application; Explanation of key component symbols: Solar cell 10, silicon substrate 11, first surface 101, second surface 102, side 103, first edge 1031, second edge 1032, side 1033, first region 1034, second region 1035, grid line 12, first polarity grid line 121, second polarity grid line 122, protective grid 13, first protective part 131, second protective part 132, first insulating member 141, second insulating member 142. Detailed Implementation

[0021] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer, the following detailed description is provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. Examples of the embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain this application, and should not be construed as limiting this application. Furthermore, it should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely for explaining this application and are not intended to limit this application.

[0022] In the description of this application, it should be understood that the terms "length", "width", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this application.

[0023] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the stated features. In the description of this application, "a plurality of" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0024] In the description of this application, it should be noted that, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "linking" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection, an electrical connection, or a connection that allows communication between them; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication between two components or the interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application according to the specific circumstances.

[0025] In this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, "above" or "below" the second feature can include direct contact between the first and second features, or contact between the first and second features through another feature between them. Furthermore, "above," "over," and "on top" of the second feature includes the first feature being directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. "Below," "below," and "under" the second feature includes the first feature being directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.

[0026] The following disclosure provides numerous different embodiments or examples for implementing various structures of this application. To simplify the disclosure, specific examples of components and arrangements are described below. These are merely examples and are not intended to limit the scope of this application. Furthermore, reference numerals and / or letters may be repeated in different examples; such repetition is for simplification and clarity and does not in itself indicate a relationship between the various embodiments and / or arrangements discussed. In addition, various specific examples of processes and materials are provided in this application, but those skilled in the art will recognize the application of other processes and / or the use of other materials.

[0027] Please see Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 4 The solar cell 10 of this application embodiment includes: The silicon substrate 11 includes a first surface 101, a second surface 102, and a side portion 103, wherein the side portion 103 connects the first surface 101 and the second surface 102. A plurality of grid lines 12 are provided on the first surface 101 and / or the second surface 102; The protective fence 13 is located on the side 103 and is insulated from the fence wire 12.

[0028] In this embodiment of the solar cell 10, since a protective grid 13 is provided on the side 103 of the silicon substrate 11, the strength of the side 103 of the solar cell 10 can be enhanced, reducing the risk of edge damage to the solar cell 10. At the same time, since the protective grid 13 is insulated from the grid line 12, the protective grid 13 can be prevented from conducting through the grid line 12, reducing the risk of short circuit in the solar cell 10.

[0029] Specifically, the solar cell 10 can be a sliced ​​cell formed by cutting a whole cell. The solar cell 10 can also be an uncut whole cell. The whole solar cell 10 may include slicing grooves, along which the whole cell can be cut to obtain sliced ​​cells. The whole solar cell 10 can be asymmetrical or symmetrical along the slicing grooves.

[0030] Specifically, one of the first surface 101 and the second surface 102 is the light-facing surface of the solar cell 10, and the other is the back-facing surface of the solar cell 10. This article uses the first surface 101 as the back side, i.e., the back-facing surface, and the second surface 102 as the front side, i.e., the light-facing surface, as an example for explanation and illustration, but this does not represent a limitation.

[0031] Specifically, the silicon substrate 11 may include a silicon substrate, a doped layer disposed on the silicon substrate, and a passivation layer disposed on the doped layer.

[0032] Furthermore, the silicon substrate can be a P-type silicon substrate or an N-type silicon substrate; it can be a monocrystalline silicon substrate or a polycrystalline silicon substrate. No specific form of the silicon substrate is limited here.

[0033] Furthermore, the doped layer may include a first polar doped layer and a second polar doped layer, the first and second polar doped layers having different doping polarities. The two doped layers can be formed by diffusion into the silicon substrate or by deposition of a film on the silicon substrate. In the thickness direction of the solar cell 10, the first and second polar doped layers are stacked on the silicon substrate. The first and second polar doped layers can be stacked on opposite sides of the silicon substrate. In other words, the solar cell 10 can be a double-sided contact cell. Alternatively, the first and second polar doped layers can both be stacked on the same side of the silicon substrate. The first and second polar doped layers are isolated from each other. In other words, the solar cell 10 can be a back-contact cell.

[0034] Furthermore, the passivation layer includes at least one of silicon nitride, silicon oxide, and silicon oxynitride. The specific material of the passivation layer is not limited here. The passivation layer may cover the doped layer. The passivation layer may also cover the doped layer and the silicon substrate exposed from the doped layer. The specific form in which the passivation layer is disposed on the silicon substrate 11 is not limited here.

[0035] Specifically, the grid lines 12 can be evenly distributed on the first surface 101; they can be evenly distributed on the second surface 102; or they can be distributed on both the first surface 101 and the second surface 102. It can be understood that when the grid lines 12 are all distributed on the first surface 101 or the second surface 102, the solar cell 10 is a back-contact cell. When the grid lines 12 are distributed on both the first surface 101 and the second surface 102, the solar cell is a double-sided contact cell.

[0036] Specifically, gate line 12 may include a first polarity gate line and a second polarity gate line. One of the first polarity gate line and the other is a positive gate line and the other is a negative gate line. Specifically, gate line 12 may include a first polarity fine gate and a second polarity fine gate. The first polarity fine gate passes through the passivation layer and connects to the first polarity doped layer. The second polarity fine gate passes through the passivation layer and connects to the second polarity doped layer.

[0037] In some examples, the first polar grid and the second polar grid are respectively disposed on the first surface 101 and the second surface 102. In other words, the solar cell 10 is a double-sided contact cell. In other examples, both the first polar grid and the second polar grid are disposed on the first surface 101. In other words, the solar cell 10 is a back-contact cell.

[0038] Specifically, the grid line 12 may include a first polarity main grid and a second polarity main grid. The first polarity main grid is connected to a first polarity fine grid and is spaced apart from the second polarity fine grid. The second polarity main grid is connected to a second polarity fine grid and is spaced apart from the first polarity fine grid. In other words, the solar cell can be a grid-connected cell. It can be understood that the solar cell can also be a gridless cell.

[0039] Specifically, the protective barrier 13 being located on the side 103 means that the protective barrier 13 is at least partially located on the side 103. That is, the protective barrier 13 may be entirely located on the side 103, or it may be partially located on the side 103, with the remaining portion located in areas outside the side 103.

[0040] Specifically, the protective barrier 13 is insulated from the gate line 12. In other words, the protective barrier 13 is insulated from the first polarity gate line 121 and also from the second polarity gate line 122. It can be understood that the protective barrier 13 and the gate line 12 can be spaced apart to form a gap, or an insulating structure can be provided between the protective barrier 13 and the gate line 12. The insulating structure, for example, is an insulating adhesive layer. The specific manner in which the protective barrier 13 is insulated from the gate line 12 is not limited here.

[0041] Specifically, a passivation portion may be formed in the side portion 103, and the guard gate 13 is disposed in the passivation portion. In the side portion 103, the doped portion and the passivation portion may be sequentially stacked on the silicon substrate, with the passivation portion located between the guard gate 13 and the doped portion; alternatively, the passivation portion may be directly stacked on the silicon substrate, with the passivation portion located between the guard gate 13 and the silicon substrate. In this way, the passivation portion isolates the guard gate 13 from the silicon substrate and the doped portion, preventing the guard gate 13 from conducting with the doped portion and reducing the risk of short circuits. Note that the passivation portion refers to the location of the passivation layer in the side portion 103; explanation and description can refer to the passivation layer. The doped portion may refer to the location of the doped layer in the side portion 103; explanation and description can refer to the doped layer.

[0042] Please see Figure 2 and Figure 4 In some embodiments, the ratio of the thickness of the protective barrier 13 to the thickness d0 of the gate line 12 is 1-3. For example, it is 1, 1.2, 1.5, 1.8, 2, 2.2, 2.5, 2.8, or 3. This ensures that the ratio of the thickness of the protective barrier 13 to the thickness of the gate line 12 is within a suitable range. This avoids the situation where the ratio is too small, resulting in an insufficient thickness of the protective barrier 13 and poor reinforcement of the side portion 103, or the situation where the ratio is too large, resulting in an excessively large thickness of the protective barrier 13 and higher costs.

[0043] Please see Figure 4 The side portion 103 includes a side ridge, and the protective grille 13 includes a first protective portion 131 disposed on the side ridge. The ratio of the thickness d1 of the first protective portion 131 to the thickness d0 of the grille line 12 is 1-3. For example, it is 1, 1.2, 1.5, 1.8, 2, 2.2, 2.5, 2.8, or 3. In this way, the ratio of the thickness of the first protective portion 131 to the thickness of the grille line 12 is within a suitable range. This avoids the situation where the first protective portion 131 is too thin due to an excessively small ratio, resulting in a poor effect in strengthening the side ridge, and also avoids the situation where the first protective portion 131 is too thick due to an excessively large ratio, resulting in a higher cost.

[0044] Please see Figure 2 The side portion 103 includes a side surface 1033, and the protective grille 13 includes a second protective portion 132 disposed on the side edge. The ratio of the thickness d2 of the second protective portion 132 to the thickness d0 of the grille line 12 is 1-3. For example, it is 1, 1.2, 1.5, 1.8, 2, 2.2, 2.5, 2.8, or 3. In this way, the ratio of the thickness of the second protective portion 132 to the thickness of the grille line 12 is within a suitable range. This avoids the situation where the ratio is too small, resulting in an insufficient thickness of the second protective portion 132 and poor reinforcement of the side surface 1033, and also avoids the situation where the ratio is too large, resulting in an excessively large thickness of the second protective portion 132 and higher costs.

[0045] Please note that the protective barrier 13 may include a first protective portion 131 and a second protective portion 132, such as Figure 8 As shown. The first protective part 131 and the second protective part 132 may be located on the same side 103 or on different sides 103. No limitation is made here.

[0046] In some embodiments, the material of the protective barrier 13 includes a first metal, and the material of the barrier wire 12 includes a second metal, wherein the first metal and the second metal are the same.

[0047] In this way, at least one of the materials used to make the protective barrier 13 and the materials used to make the grid lines 12 is the same metal material, which allows the protective barrier 13 and the grid lines 12 to share some materials, thereby reducing the types of materials and reducing the complexity of manufacturing.

[0048] Specifically, the first metal includes at least one of copper, aluminum, silver, tin, and nickel. The second metal includes at least one of copper, aluminum, silver, tin, and nickel-titanium. Thus, the gate line 12 has good conductivity, which is beneficial for improving current transmission.

[0049] Specifically, the protective grid 13 and the grid lines 12 can be made of the same material. This eliminates the need for additional materials to fabricate the protective grid 13, reducing manufacturing complexity. Furthermore, the protective grid 13 and the grid lines 12 can be fabricated simultaneously. For example, during screen printing, the protective grid 13 and grid lines 12 can be printed together. Alternatively, during electroplating, the protective grid 13 and grid lines 12 can be electroplated together. This further reduces process complexity, improves manufacturing efficiency, and lowers production costs.

[0050] Please see Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 4 In some embodiments, the side portion 103 includes a side edge and a side surface 1033. The side edge includes a first edge 1031 and a second edge 1032. The first edge 1031 is located between the side surface 1033 and the first surface 101, and the second edge 1032 is located between the side surface 1033 and the second surface 102.

[0051] Thus, the side portion 103 has a wider range, including not only the side surface 1033 but also the side edge, which expands the range in which the protective barrier 13 can be installed, making the installation of the protective barrier 13 more flexible.

[0052] Please see Figure 2 and Figure 3 In some embodiments, the protective barrier 13 includes a first protective portion 131 disposed on the side edge. In this way, the first protective portion 131 can be used to strengthen the side edge and reduce the risk of damage to the side edge.

[0053] Specifically, the first protective portion 131 being located on the side edge means that the distance between the first protective portion 131 and the side edge is 0. The first protective portion 131 may extend from the side edge toward the first surface 101 or the second surface 102. In other words, the first protective portion 131 may be located on the first surface 101 and the first edge 1031. The first protective portion 131 may be located on the second surface 102 and the second edge 1032.

[0054] Specifically, the first protective portion 131 may be provided in a portion of the side edge or in the entire side edge. For example, the dimension of the first protective portion 131 in the length direction of the side edge is 50% of the side edge length. Or, the first protective portion 131 may completely cover the side edge. The specific relationship between the first protective portion 131 and the side edge is not limited here.

[0055] Please see Figure 3 and Figure 4 In some embodiments, the width W1 of the first protective portion 131 is 10μm-200μm. For example, it is 10μm, 11μm, 15μm, 20μm, 50μm, 80μm, 100μm, 120μm, 150μm, 180μm, or 200μm.

[0056] Thus, the width W1 of the first protective part 131 is within a suitable range, which can avoid poor protection effect and high risk of damage due to excessive width, and can also avoid high cost and severe light blocking due to excessive width.

[0057] Specifically, the width W1 of the first protective portion 131 can be the same everywhere, or it can be different everywhere, or it can be the same in some areas and different in others. When the first protective portion 131 provided on the same side edge is multiple segments, the width W1 of the multiple segments of the first protective portion 131 can be the same, or it can be different, or it can be partially the same and the rest different.

[0058] Please see Figure 3 and Figure 4 In some embodiments, the ratio of the length L1 of the first protective part 131 to the length L0 of the side edge is 0.05-1. For example, it is 0.05, 0.08, 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 0.8, 0.9, or 1.

[0059] Thus, the ratio of the length L1 of the first protective part 131 to the length L0 of the side edge is within a suitable range, which can avoid the first protective part 131 being too short and the protection effect being poor due to the ratio being too small, and can also avoid exceeding the range of the side edge due to the ratio being too large.

[0060] Furthermore, the ratio of the length L1 of the first protective part 131 to the length L0 of the side edge is 0.05-0.95. For example, it is 0.05, 0.08, 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 0.8, 0.9, or 0.95. In this way, the ratio range is further optimized, taking into account both cost and protection effect, resulting in a better overall effect.

[0061] It can be understood that when the first protective portion 131 located on the same side edge is multiple segments, the length L1 of the first protective portion 131 can refer to the total length of all the first protective portions 131.

[0062] Please see Figure 1 and Figure 2 In some embodiments, the protective barrier 13 includes a second protective portion 132, which is disposed on the side 1033.

[0063] In this way, the strength of the side 1033 can be enhanced by the second protective part 132, reducing the risk of damage to the side 1033.

[0064] Specifically, the second protective part 132 may be provided in a portion of the side 1033 or in the entire side 1033. For example, the coverage area of ​​the second protective part 132 on the side 1033 is 50% of the total area of ​​the side 1033. Or, the second protective part 132 may completely cover the side 1033. The specific relationship between the second protective part 132 and the side 1033 is not limited here.

[0065] Please see Figure 1 and Figure 2 In some embodiments, the width W2 of the second protective portion 132 is greater than 0 and less than or equal to 150 μm. For example, it is 0.01 μm, 0.02 μm, 0.1 μm, 0.5 μm, 1 μm, 10 μm, 20 μm, 50 μm, 80 μm, 90 μm, 100 μm, 110 μm, 30 μm, or 150 μm.

[0066] Thus, the width W2 of the second protective part 132 is within a suitable range, which can avoid poor protection effect and high risk of damage due to excessive width, and can also avoid high cost due to excessive width.

[0067] Specifically, the width W2 of the second protective part 132 can be the same everywhere, or it can be different everywhere, or it can be the same in some areas and different in the rest. When there are multiple second protective parts 132 provided on the same side 1033, the width W2 of the multiple second protective parts 132 can be the same, or it can be different, or it can be partially the same and the rest different.

[0068] Please see Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 4In some embodiments, the width of the protective barrier 13 is 10μm-350μm. For example, it is 10μm, 11μm, 15μm, 20μm, 50μm, 80μm, 100μm, 120μm, 150μm, 180μm, 200μm, 220μm, 250μm, 280μm, 300μm, 310μm, 330μm, or 350μm.

[0069] Thus, the width of the protective barrier 13 is within a suitable range, which can avoid poor protection and high risk of damage due to excessive width, and also avoid high cost due to excessive width.

[0070] Specifically, when the protective barrier 13 includes a first protective part 131 and a second protective part 132, the width of the protective barrier 13 is the sum of the width W1 of the first protective part 131 and the width W2 of the second protective part 132.

[0071] Please see Figure 1 and Figure 2 In some embodiments, the ratio of the area of ​​the second protective part 132 covering the side surface 1033 to the total area of ​​the side surface 1033 is 0.05-1. For example, it is 0.05, 0.08, 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 0.8, 0.9, or 1.

[0072] Thus, the ratio of the area of ​​the second protective part 132 covering the side 1033 to the total area of ​​the side 1033 is within a suitable range. This avoids the situation where the area of ​​the second protective part 132 covering the side 1033 is too small and the protection effect is poor, and also avoids the situation where the area exceeds the range of the side 1033 due to the ratio being too large.

[0073] Furthermore, the ratio of the area of ​​the second protective part 132 covering the side 1033 is 0.05-0.95. For example, it is 0.05, 0.08, 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 0.8, 0.9, or 0.95. In this way, the ratio range is further optimized, taking into account both cost and protective effect, resulting in a better overall effect.

[0074] It can be understood that when there are multiple second protective parts 132 provided on the same side 1033, the area of ​​the second protective part 132 can refer to the total area of ​​all the second protective parts 132.

[0075] Please see Figure 5 and Figure 6In some embodiments, the grid line 12 includes a first polarity grid line 121 and a second polarity grid line 122. The first polarity grid line 121 and the second polarity grid line 122 are respectively connected to the first connector and the second connector. The extension direction of the side portion 103 where the protective grid 13 is located is the same as the extension direction of the fine grid of the solar cell 10. The side portion 103 includes a first region 1034 and a second region 1035, which correspond to the first connector and the second connector, respectively. The protective grid 13 is segmented to avoid the first region 1034 and / or the second region 1035.

[0076] In this way, by segmenting the protective barrier 13 to avoid the area of ​​the corresponding connector, short circuits caused by the connection between the protective barrier 13 and the connector are avoided.

[0077] Specifically, the connector includes at least one of the following components used to connect two adjacent battery cells in series: solder strip, conductive wire, etc.

[0078] Specifically, in Figure 5 In the example, both the first polarity gate line 121 and the second polarity gate line 122 are fine gates, located on opposite sides of the silicon substrate 11. In other words, the solar cell 10 is a double-sided contact cell. Figure 6 In the example, both the first polar gate line 121 and the second polar gate line 122 are fine gates, both located on one side of the silicon substrate 11. It can be understood that, due to... Figure 6 From the perspective of [the viewpoint], the second polarity gate line 122 is blocked by the first polarity gate line 121, therefore Figure 6 Not shown in the diagram. In other words, solar cell 10 is a back-contact cell.

[0079] It can be understood that, in the case of a solar cell with a main grid, the first polarity grid line 121 connected to the first series connector is the first polarity main grid, and the second polarity grid line 122 connected to the second series connector is the second polarity main grid. In the case of a solar cell without a main grid, the first polarity grid line 121 connected to the first series connector is the first polarity fine grid, and the second polarity grid line 122 connected to the second series connector is the second polarity fine grid.

[0080] exist Figure 5 and Figure 6 In the example, the protective barrier 13 is segmented to avoid the first region 1034 and the second region 1035. In this way, the protective barrier 13 is prevented from conducting the first connector and the second connector as much as possible, thereby avoiding short circuits.

[0081] It is understandable that in other examples, the protective barrier 13 is segmented to avoid either the first region 1034 or the second region 1035. In this way, the protective barrier 13 only avoids the region corresponding to one type of connector, which can also prevent the two types of connectors from conducting, thereby reducing the risk of short circuits.

[0082] Specifically, the spacing between two adjacent protective fence sections 13 is 2mm-20mm. For example, 2mm, 3mm, 4mm, 5mm, 8mm, 10mm, 12mm, 14mm, 15mm, 18mm, and 20mm. In this way, the spacing between two adjacent protective fence sections 13 is within a suitable range, which can avoid insufficient avoidance and high short-circuit risk caused by too small a spacing, and can also avoid poor protection effect caused by too large a spacing.

[0083] Specifically, the protective barrier 13 is disposed on the side 1033, and the distance between the second protective part 132 of the protective barrier 13 and the side edge is 0mm-80mm. For example, it is 0mm, 1mm, 3mm, 5mm, 8mm, 10mm, 20mm, 30mm, 40mm, 50mm, 60mm, 70mm, or 80mm. This ensures that the distance between the second protective part 132 and the side edge is within a suitable range, avoiding interference with the first protective part due to an excessively small distance, and also avoiding poor protection due to an excessively large distance. The distance between the second protective part 132 and the side edge can refer to the distance of the side edge that is closer to the second protective part 132.

[0084] Please see Figure 2 and Figure 4 , Figure 2 and Figure 4 The grid line 12 shown may refer to a fine grid. In some embodiments, the extension direction of the side portion 103 where the protective grid 13 is located is perpendicular to the extension direction of the fine grid of the solar cell 10. In this way, the first connector and the second connector will not pass through the side portion 103, which can reduce the risk of the protective grid 13 on the side portion 103 causing a short circuit by connecting the first connector and the second connector. In this case, the protective grid 13 on the side portion 103 can be provided in segments or continuously.

[0085] Please see Figure 7 In some embodiments, the grid line 12 includes a first polar grid line 121 and a second polar grid line 122. The first polar grid line 121 and the second polar grid line 122 are respectively connected to the first connector and the second connector. The extension direction of the side portion 103 where the protective grid 13 is located is the same as the extension direction of the fine grid of the solar cell 10. The side portion 103 includes a first region 1034 and a second region 1035, which correspond to the first connector and the second connector, respectively. The protective barrier 13 is provided with a first insulating element 141 at the location of the first region 1034, and the insulating protective barrier 13 is connected to the first connecting element; and / or, the protective barrier 13 is provided with a second insulating element 142 at the location of the second region 1035, and the insulating protective barrier 13 is connected to the second connecting element.

[0086] Thus, by providing an insulating element to the protective barrier 13, and insulating the protective barrier 13 and the series connector, short circuits caused by the connection between the protective barrier 13 and the series connector can be avoided.

[0087] Specifically, in Figure 7 In the example, both the first polar gate line 121 and the second polar gate line 122 are fine gates, both located on one side of the silicon substrate 11. It can be understood that, due to... Figure 7 From the perspective of [the viewpoint], the second polarity gate line 122 is blocked by the first polarity gate line 121, therefore Figure 7 Not shown in the diagram. In other words, the solar cell 10 is a back-contact cell. It can be understood that the first polarity grid line 121 and the second polarity grid line 122 can be located on both sides of the silicon substrate 11, and the solar cell 10 can also be a double-sided contact cell.

[0088] exist Figure 7 In the example, the protective barrier 13 is provided with a first insulating member 141 at the location of the first region 1034, and the insulating protective barrier 13 is connected to the first connector. Furthermore, the protective barrier 13 is provided with a second insulating member 142 at the location of the second region 1035, and the insulating protective barrier 13 is connected to the second connector. In this way, the protective barrier 13 is prevented from conducting through the first connector and the second connector as much as possible, thereby avoiding a short circuit.

[0089] It is understandable that in other examples, the protective barrier 13 may have a first insulating element 141 located in the first region 1034, with the insulating protective barrier 13 connected to the first series connector; or, the protective barrier 13 may have a second insulating element 142 located in the second region 1035, with the insulating protective barrier 13 connected to the second series connector. In this way, by providing an insulating element to avoid the region corresponding to a series connector, the protective barrier 13 can also prevent the two series connectors from conducting, thus reducing the risk of short circuits.

[0090] Specifically, the first insulating element 141 comprises at least one of a carbon-chain polymer and a silicone polymer. Examples of carbon-chain polymers include at least one of polyimide (PI), polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), PVB, and POE. Examples of silicone polymers include at least one of silicone resin and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). The first insulating element 141 may also comprise at least one of EVA, silicon nitride, and silicon oxide. The specific material of the first insulating element 141 is not limited herein.

[0091] Specifically, the thickness of the first insulating element 141 is greater than or equal to 10 μm. For example, it can be 10 μm, 11 μm, 12 μm, 15 μm, 20 μm, 25 μm, 28 μm, 30 μm, 50 μm, 80 μm, 100 μm, 150 μm, or 200 μm. This avoids poor insulation performance caused by excessive thickness. Furthermore, the thickness of the first insulating element 141 is less than or equal to 100 μm. This avoids material waste and increased costs caused by excessive thickness.

[0092] Specifically, the first insulating member 141 includes a first insulating portion disposed on the first protective portion 131. The width of the first insulating portion is 2mm-20mm, for example, 2mm, 3mm, 5mm, 8mm, 10mm, 12mm, 13mm, 15mm, 18mm, or 20mm. The length of the first insulating portion is also 2mm-20mm, for example, 2mm, 3mm, 5mm, 8mm, 10mm, 12mm, 13mm, 15mm, 18mm, or 20mm. This ensures that the size of the first insulating portion is within a suitable range, avoiding insufficient insulation and a high risk of short circuits due to excessively small dimensions, and also avoiding material waste and increased costs due to excessively large dimensions.

[0093] Specifically, the first insulating member 141 includes a second insulating portion disposed on the second protective portion 132. The width of the second insulating portion is 2mm-20mm, for example, 2mm, 3mm, 5mm, 8mm, 10mm, 12mm, 13mm, 15mm, 18mm, or 20mm. The length of the second insulating portion is also 2mm-20mm, for example, 2mm, 3mm, 5mm, 8mm, 10mm, 12mm, 13mm, 15mm, 18mm, or 20mm. This ensures that the size of the second insulating portion is within a suitable range, avoiding insufficient insulation and a high risk of short circuits due to excessively small dimensions, and also avoiding material waste and increased costs due to excessively large dimensions.

[0094] For an explanation and description of the second insulating element 142, please refer to the relevant explanation and description of the first insulating element 141. To avoid redundancy, it will not be repeated here.

[0095] The battery assembly of this application embodiment includes the solar cell 10 of any of the above claims.

[0096] In the battery module of this application embodiment, since a protective grid 13 is provided on the side 103 of the silicon substrate 11 in the solar cell 10, the strength of the side 103 of the solar cell 10 can be enhanced, reducing the risk of edge damage to the solar cell 10. At the same time, since the protective grid 13 is insulated from the grid line 12, the protective grid 13 can be prevented from conducting through the grid line 12, reducing the risk of short circuit in the solar cell 10.

[0097] In this embodiment, multiple solar cells 10 in the battery module can be connected in series to form a battery string, thereby realizing the series current collection and output. For example, the battery cells can be connected in series by setting solder strips (busbars, interconnecting strips), conductive backplates, etc.

[0098] It is understood that in such embodiments, the battery assembly may also include a metal frame, a backsheet, photovoltaic glass, and an encapsulating film. The encapsulating film may be filled between the front and back of the solar cell 10, the photovoltaic glass, adjacent cells, etc. As a filler, it may be a transparent colloid with good light transmittance and aging resistance. For example, the encapsulating film may be an EVA film or a POE film, and the specific choice can be made according to the actual situation, without limitation.

[0099] Photovoltaic glass can be applied to the encapsulating film on the front side of the solar cell 10. The photovoltaic glass can be ultra-clear glass, which has high light transmittance, high transparency, and superior physical, mechanical, and optical properties. For example, ultra-clear glass can achieve a light transmittance of over 92%, protecting the solar cell 10 while minimizing impact on its efficiency. Simultaneously, the encapsulating film bonds the photovoltaic glass and the solar cell 10 together, providing sealing, insulation, and waterproofing / moisture protection for the solar cell 10.

[0100] The backsheet can be attached to the encapsulant film on the back of the solar cell 10. The backsheet provides protection and support for the solar cell 10, offering reliable insulation, water resistance, and aging resistance. Multiple backsheet options are available, typically including tempered glass, acrylic glass, and aluminum alloy TPT composite encapsulant film, with specific choices depending on the specific circumstances. The backsheet, solar cell 10, encapsulant film, and photovoltaic glass can be mounted on a metal frame. The metal frame serves as the main external support structure for the entire battery module, providing stable support and installation. For example, the battery module can be installed at the desired location using the metal frame.

[0101] The photovoltaic system of this application embodiment includes the battery module described above.

[0102] In the photovoltaic system of this application embodiment, since a protective grid 13 is provided on the side 103 of the silicon substrate 11 in the solar cell 10, the strength of the side 103 of the solar cell 10 can be enhanced, reducing the risk of edge damage to the solar cell 10. At the same time, since the protective grid 13 is insulated from the grid line 12, the protective grid 13 can be prevented from conducting through the grid line 12, reducing the risk of short circuit in the solar cell 10.

[0103] In this embodiment, the photovoltaic system can be applied in photovoltaic power plants, such as ground-mounted power plants, rooftop power plants, and floating power plants. It can also be applied to equipment or devices that utilize solar energy to generate electricity, such as user solar power supplies, solar streetlights, solar cars, and solar buildings. Of course, it is understood that the application scenarios of the photovoltaic system are not limited to these; that is, the photovoltaic system can be applied in all fields that require solar energy to generate electricity. Taking a photovoltaic power generation system network as an example, the photovoltaic system may include a photovoltaic array, a combiner box, and an inverter. The photovoltaic array may be an array combination of multiple battery modules; for example, multiple battery modules can form multiple photovoltaic arrays. The photovoltaic array is connected to the combiner box, which can collect the current generated by the photovoltaic array. The collected current flows through the inverter and is converted into AC power required by the mains power grid before being connected to the mains power grid to achieve solar power supply.

[0104] In the description of this specification, the references to terms such as "some embodiments," "illustrative embodiments," "examples," "specific examples," or "some examples," etc., indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with an embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of this application. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples.

[0105] Furthermore, the above are merely preferred embodiments of this application and are not intended to limit this application. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A solar cell, characterized in that, include: A silicon substrate includes a first surface, a second surface, and a side portion, wherein the side portion connects the first surface and the second surface; A plurality of grid lines are disposed on the first surface and / or the second surface; A protective barrier is provided on the side and is insulated from the barrier wire.

2. The solar cell according to claim 1, characterized in that, The ratio of the thickness of the protective grid to the thickness of the grid line is 1-3.

3. The solar cell according to claim 1, characterized in that, The protective barrier is made of a first metal, and the barrier wires are made of a second metal, wherein the first metal and the second metal are the same.

4. The solar cell according to claim 1, characterized in that, The side portion includes a side edge and a side surface. The side edge includes a first edge and a second edge. The first edge is located between the side surface and the first face, and the second edge is located between the side surface and the second face.

5. The solar cell according to claim 4, characterized in that, The protective fence includes a first protective portion disposed on the side edge.

6. The solar cell according to claim 5, characterized in that, The width of the first protective part is 10μm-200μm.

7. The solar cell according to claim 5, characterized in that, The ratio of the length of the first protective part to the length of the side edge is 0.05-1.

8. The solar cell according to claim 4, characterized in that, The protective barrier includes a second protective portion, which is disposed on the side.

9. The solar cell according to claim 8, characterized in that, The width of the second protective part is greater than 0 and less than or equal to 150 μm.

10. The solar cell according to claim 8, characterized in that, The ratio of the area of ​​the second protective part covering the side to the total area of ​​the side is 0.05-1.

11. The solar cell according to claim 1, characterized in that, The grid lines include a first polarity grid line and a second polarity grid line. The first polarity grid line and the second polarity grid line are respectively connected to the first series connector and the second series connector. The extension direction of the side portion where the protective grid is located is the same as the extension direction of the fine grid of the solar cell. The side portion includes a first region and a second region, which correspond to the first series connector and the second series connector, respectively. The protective grid is segmented to avoid the first region and / or the second region.

12. The solar cell according to claim 1, characterized in that, The grid lines include a first polarity grid line and a second polarity grid line. The first polarity grid line and the second polarity grid line are respectively connected to the first series connector and the second series connector. The extension direction of the side portion where the protective grid is located is the same as the extension direction of the fine grid of the solar cell. The side portion includes a first region and a second region, which correspond to the first series connector and the second series connector, respectively. The protective barrier is provided with a first insulating element at the location in the first region to insulate the protective barrier from the first connecting member; and / or, the protective barrier is provided with a second insulating element at the location in the second region to insulate the protective barrier from the second connecting member.

13. A battery assembly, characterized in that, Includes the solar cell according to any one of claims 1-12.

14. A photovoltaic system, characterized in that, Includes the battery assembly as described in claim 13.

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