A straw side-distribution and return device

Abstract

This invention discloses a straw side-distribution and equalization device for returning straw to the field, comprising an adjustable equalization mechanism installed on one side of a straw hopper. The straw hopper is mounted on agricultural machinery, and the adjustable equalization mechanism is located on one side of the machinery and connected to an air source. A material conveying mechanism is installed at the lower part of the straw hopper, and the outlet end of the material conveying mechanism is connected to the inlet end of the adjustable equalization mechanism. Straw is supplied to the adjustable equalization mechanism via the material conveying mechanism and, under the action of airflow, is evenly distributed by the adjustable equalization mechanism. This invention can achieve even distribution of straw onto the soil, ensuring that seeds can fully absorb nutrients, improving germination rate, and ensuring the uniformity of subsequent fertilization. It also avoids hindering soil heat and moisture exchange, preventing imbalances in the field's "microenvironment." This invention is applicable to the technical field of straw return to the field.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the technical field of straw return to the field, specifically, it relates to a straw side-distribution and return device. Background Technology

[0002] Returning straw to the field is a crucial measure for sustainable agricultural development, offering numerous benefits and turning waste into treasure. As straw decomposes, it forms humus, the most important source of soil organic matter, thus increasing soil fertility. Humus binds soil particles together, forming stable aggregates that make the soil loose, aerated, and prevent compaction. This promotes root growth and water and nutrient retention. Straw mulch on the ground lowers soil temperature and reduces moisture evaporation in summer, while providing insulation and mitigating frost damage in winter.

[0003] Uneven straw spreading is a common operational problem during straw return to the field, triggering a series of negative consequences, severely weakening the effectiveness of straw return, and even creating new problems. In areas with thick straw piles, the soil and seeds cannot make close contact due to excessive straw thickness, leading to "hanging roots" or "elevated" seedlings, making it difficult for seeds to absorb water and nutrients, resulting in uneven emergence and gaps in the rows. In areas with thin or absent straw, although sowing conditions may be better, the overall seedling condition is inconsistent, creating significant difficulties for subsequent field management (such as irrigation and fertilization). To balance the nitrogen required for straw decomposition, additional nitrogen fertilizer is usually needed; however, if the straw is unevenly distributed, the amount of fertilizer applied becomes difficult to control. Specifically, areas with straw piles require more nitrogen fertilizer for microbial decomposition; if fertilizer is applied at an average rate, competition for nitrogen among microorganisms will lead to weak and yellow seedlings. Areas with absent straw may have a relative excess of nitrogen fertilizer, potentially causing excessive seedling growth or seedling burn, while also wasting fertilizer. Furthermore, uneven distribution of straw can hinder the exchange of soil heat and moisture, causing an imbalance in the field's "microenvironment." In other words, the piled-up areas are like being covered with a thick blanket, resulting in a slow rise in soil temperature in spring, which affects seed germination and seedling growth. During the rainy season, the soil becomes too moist, making it easy for pathogens to grow. In the empty areas, soil moisture evaporates quickly, making it prone to drought and having poor heat retention. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This invention provides a straw side-distribution and returning device, which can evenly distribute straw onto the soil, ensuring that seeds can fully absorb nutrients, improve germination rate, and ensure uniformity of subsequent fertilization, while avoiding hindering soil heat and water exchange and preventing imbalance of the field's "microenvironment".

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: A straw side-distribution and returning device includes an adjustable distribution mechanism installed on one side of a straw hopper. The straw hopper is mounted on agricultural machinery, and the adjustable distribution mechanism is located on one side of the agricultural machinery and connected to an air source. A material conveying mechanism is installed at the bottom of the straw hopper, and the outlet end of the material conveying mechanism is connected to the inlet end of the adjustable distribution mechanism. The straw is supplied to the adjustable distribution mechanism through the material conveying mechanism and is evenly distributed by the adjustable distribution mechanism under the action of airflow.

[0006] Furthermore, the adjustable uniform throwing mechanism includes an adjustable elastic throwing cylinder whose inlet end is connected to the lower part of one side of the straw feed box. The adjustable elastic throwing cylinder extends outward along the lateral direction of the agricultural machinery. An air distribution unit is installed on the adjustable elastic throwing cylinder, and the air distribution unit connects the air source to the inner cavity of the adjustable elastic throwing cylinder.

[0007] Furthermore, the adjustable elastic throwing cylinder includes a cylindrical body, on which a plurality of guiding protrusions are uniformly constructed along the circumference of the inner wall of the cylindrical body. Each of the guiding protrusions extends spirally along the axis of the cylindrical body to both ends of the cylindrical body. A plurality of throwing channels communicating between the interior of the cylindrical body and the outside are opened along the circumference of the peripheral wall of the cylindrical body. Each throwing channel extends spirally along the axis of the cylindrical body to both ends of the cylindrical body, and each throwing channel is located between two guiding protrusions.

[0008] Furthermore, the air distribution unit includes an air distribution sleeve coaxially constructed at the inlet end of the cylindrical body, an air distribution cavity formed between the air distribution sleeve and the cylindrical body, an air guiding channel formed in each guide protrusion, the air guiding channel extending along the extension direction of the guide protrusion to both ends of the guide protrusion, and the air guiding channel communicating with the air distribution cavity, exhaust holes are distributed on the side wall of each guide protrusion facing the free end of the cylindrical body, each exhaust hole communicating with the air guiding channel, and an air inlet connector pipe is connected to the air distribution sleeve.

[0009] Furthermore, the air inlet connector pipe is connected to multiple air inlet branch pipes via the main air inlet pipe. The multiple air inlet branch pipes are spaced apart along the axial direction of the cylindrical body, and each air inlet branch pipe is connected to the air guide channel of the corresponding material guide protrusion.

[0010] Furthermore, an elastic adapter tube is coaxially connected to the inlet end of the cylindrical body. The end of the elastic adapter tube away from the cylindrical body is detachably connected to the side wall of the straw bin. An adapter seat is constructed on the straw bin, and an oblique drive component is hinged between the adapter seat and the cylindrical body.

[0011] Furthermore, the cylindrical body is made of rubber or elastic metal material, and a limiting ring is coaxially fitted at the free end of the cylindrical body. A mechanical telescopic component that can extend and retract along the axial direction of the cylindrical body is provided between the limiting ring and the inlet end of the cylindrical body. Multiple first limiting holes are uniformly opened along the circumference of the peripheral wall of the free end of the cylindrical body, and multiple second limiting holes are uniformly opened along the circumference of the peripheral wall of the limiting ring.

[0012] Furthermore, the mechanical telescopic component includes a connecting pipe and an adjusting screw that are threaded together at their close ends. The end of the connecting pipe away from the adjusting screw is fixedly connected to the inlet end of the cylindrical body. The end of the adjusting screw away from the connecting pipe is rotatably connected to a limiting ring. A locking nut is threaded onto the adjusting screw and is locked onto the end face of the connecting pipe.

[0013] Furthermore, an adapter ring is coaxially fitted at the free end of the cylindrical body, an automatic telescopic component that can extend and retract along the axial direction of the cylindrical body is provided between the adapter ring and the inlet end of the cylindrical body, and a circumferential drive unit is installed between the adapter ring and the free end of the cylindrical body.

[0014] Furthermore, the circumferential drive unit includes a drive motor mounted on the adapter ring, a drive gear coaxially mounted on the output shaft of the drive motor, and an external gear ring coaxially fixed outside the free end of the cylindrical body. The external gear ring meshes with the drive gear, and both the external gear ring and the drive gear are mounted inside the gearbox housing. The gearbox housing is detachably connected to the adapter ring.

[0015] The present invention, by employing the aforementioned structure, achieves a technological advancement compared to existing technologies in the following ways: Pre-cut straw is loaded into a straw hopper. While the agricultural machinery moves through the field, the material conveying mechanism continuously transports the straw from the hopper to an adjustable equalizing and distributing mechanism. A pressurized gas source continuously supplies this mechanism, causing the straw to be evenly distributed onto the soil surface under the influence of the airflow. Furthermore, the adjustable equalizing and distributing mechanism can be adjusted to modify at least one of the distributing direction, range, and amount, thereby adjusting the thickness of the straw on the soil and effectively regulating the distributing area during a single movement of the machinery. In summary, the present invention achieves even distribution of straw onto the soil, ensuring that seeds can fully absorb nutrients, improving germination rates, and ensuring the uniformity of subsequent fertilization. It also avoids hindering soil heat and moisture exchange, preventing imbalances in the field's microenvironment. Attached Figure Description

[0016] The accompanying drawings are provided to further illustrate the invention and form part of the specification. They are used together with the embodiments of the invention to explain the invention and do not constitute a limitation thereof.

[0017] In the attached diagram: Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a partial structural diagram of the connection between the material conveying mechanism and the straw bin in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 for Figure 2 A structural diagram from another angle; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram showing the connection between the cylindrical body, the mechanical telescopic component, the air distribution unit, and the oblique drive component in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 5 This is an axial structural cross-sectional view of the connection between the cylindrical body, the mechanical telescopic component, and the air distribution unit in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a partial structural cross-sectional view of the connection between the cylindrical body and the air distribution unit in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the cylindrical body and the limiting ring after separation according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the connection between the cylindrical body, the automatic telescopic component, and the circumferential drive unit in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the circumferential driving unit according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0018] Components labeled: 100-Straw feeder bin, 101-Feeding section, 102-Adapter, 103-Fixing edge, 104-Box cover, 105-Discharge port, 200-Material conveying mechanism, 201-Assembly shaft, 202-Conveying blades, 203-Power motor, 204-Connecting seat, 205-Drive wheel, 206-Drive belt, 300-Adjustable elastic throwing cylinder, 301-Cylindrical body, 302-Guiding rib, 303-Throwing channel, 304-Elastic adapter cylinder, 305-End sleeve, 306-First limiting hole, 400-Air distribution unit, 401-Air distribution sleeve, 402-Air distribution chamber, 403-Air guiding channel, 404-Exhaust port, 405-Inlet Air connector pipe, 406-Inlet main pipe, 407-Inlet branch pipe, 408-First connecting ear, 409-Second connecting ear, 410-Adapter rod, 500-Mechanical telescopic component, 501-Connecting pipe, 502-Adjusting screw, 600-Limiting ring, 601-Annular body, 602-Second limiting hole, 603-Third connecting ear, 700-Angled drive component, 800-Automatic telescopic component, 900-Circumferential drive unit, 901-Adapter ring, 902-Fourth connecting ear, 903-Fifth connecting ear, 904-Drive motor, 905-Drive gear, 906-External gear ring, 907-Gearbox housing, 908-Conductor port, 909-Sixth connecting ear. Detailed Implementation

[0019] The preferred embodiments of the present invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the preferred embodiments described herein are for illustrative and explanatory purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.

[0020] This invention discloses a device for evenly distributing straw to the field from the side, such as... Figure 1-9As shown, the system includes a straw hopper 100, a material conveying mechanism 200, and an adjustable equalizing and distributing mechanism. The straw hopper 100 is mounted on the agricultural machinery, and the adjustable equalizing and distributing mechanism is mounted on one side of the straw hopper 100. The adjustable equalizing and distributing mechanism is located on one side of the agricultural machinery and is connected to an air source. The material conveying mechanism 200 is installed at the lower part of the straw hopper 100, and its outlet end is connected to the inlet end of the adjustable equalizing and distributing mechanism. The material conveying mechanism 200 continuously conveys the straw from the lower part of the straw hopper 100 into the adjustable equalizing and distributing mechanism, and under the action of airflow, the straw is evenly distributed by the adjustable equalizing and distributing mechanism. The working principle and advantages of this invention are as follows: Pre-cut straw is loaded into a straw hopper 100. While the agricultural machinery moves through the field, the material conveying mechanism 200 is controlled to continuously transport the straw from the hopper 100 to an adjustable equalizing mechanism. A pressurized gas source continuously introduces pressurized gas into the adjustable equalizing mechanism. Under the action of the airflow, the straw is evenly scattered onto the soil surface by the adjustable equalizing mechanism. Furthermore, this invention allows for adjustment of the adjustable equalizing mechanism, thereby adjusting at least one of the scattering direction, scattering range, and scattering amount, achieving the effect of adjusting the straw thickness on the soil and effectively adjusting the scattering area during a single movement of the agricultural machinery. In summary, this invention can achieve even scattering of straw onto the soil, ensuring that seeds can fully absorb nutrients, improving germination rate, and ensuring the uniformity of subsequent fertilization. It also avoids hindering soil heat and water exchange, preventing imbalances in the field's "microenvironment."

[0021] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, such as Figure 1 As shown, a feeding section 101 is formed at the lower part of the straw feeder 100. The diameter of the feeding section 101 gradually narrows downwards in the vertical direction to facilitate the smooth supply of straw inside the straw feeder 100 to the material conveying mechanism 200. Fixing edges 103 are respectively constructed on two opposite outer walls of the straw feeder 100, and the straw feeder 100 is connected and fixed to agricultural machinery via the fixing edges 103. Two symmetrical lids 104 are arranged at the upper end of the straw feeder 100. The ends of these two lids 104, which are far apart from each other, are pivotally connected to the outer edge of the straw feeder 100, thereby enabling the upper port of the straw feeder 100 to be opened from the middle to both sides for easy addition of straw.

[0022] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, such as Figure 2 , 3As shown, the material conveying mechanism 200 includes a power motor 203, an assembly shaft 201, and a transmission assembly. The assembly shaft 201 is rotatably mounted on the lower part of the unloading section 101 along the transverse direction of the agricultural machinery. Conveying blades 202 are fixed on the assembly shaft 201, extending along the axis of the assembly shaft 201 to both axial ends. The power motor 203 is located on the side of the straw hopper 100 away from the adjustable elastic throwing cylinder 300, and is fixed to the straw hopper 100 via a connecting seat 204. The transmission assembly includes a transmission belt 206 and two transmission pulleys 205. One transmission pulley 205 is coaxially mounted on the output shaft of the power motor 203, and the other transmission pulley 205 is coaxially mounted on the assembly shaft 201. The two transmission pulleys 205 are connected by the transmission belt 206. In this embodiment, a discharge port 105 is provided on the side of the feeding section 101 away from the power motor 203, and one end of the assembly shaft 201 extends into the discharge port 105. In this embodiment, by controlling the operation of the power motor 203, it drives the assembly shaft 201 to rotate through the transmission assembly. Under the action of the conveying blades 202, the straw is continuously conveyed into the adjustable elastic throwing cylinder 300.

[0023] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, such as Figure 1 As shown, the adjustable uniform throwing mechanism includes an adjustable elastic throwing cylinder 300 and an air distribution unit 400. The inlet end of the adjustable elastic throwing cylinder 300 is connected to the lower side of the feeding section 101 of the straw hopper 100, meaning the inlet end of the adjustable elastic throwing cylinder 300 is connected to the discharge port 105. The adjustable elastic throwing cylinder 300 extends outward laterally along the agricultural machinery. The air distribution unit 400 is installed on the adjustable elastic throwing cylinder 300 and connects an air source to the inner cavity of the adjustable elastic throwing cylinder 300. Straw is conveyed into the adjustable elastic throwing cylinder 300 via the material conveying mechanism 200. Pressurized gas enters the adjustable elastic throwing cylinder 300 through the air distribution unit 400, and under the action of the airflow, the straw is evenly thrown onto the soil surface through the adjustable elastic throwing cylinder 300, thereby preventing straw accumulation areas and blank areas on the soil surface.

[0024] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, such as Figure 4-6As shown, the adjustable elastic throwing cylinder 300 includes a cylindrical body 301. Multiple guiding protrusions 302 are constructed on the inner wall of the cylindrical body 301. These guiding protrusions 302 are evenly arranged along the circumference of the cylindrical body 301, and each guiding protrusion 302 extends spirally along the axis of the cylindrical body 301 to both ends of the cylindrical body 301. Multiple throwing channels 303 are formed on the circumferential wall of the cylindrical body 301. These throwing channels 303 are evenly arranged along the circumference of the cylindrical body 301, and each throwing channel 303 communicates the inner cavity of the cylindrical body 301 with the outside. Each throwing channel 303 extends spirally along the axis of the cylindrical body 301 to both ends of the cylindrical body 301, and each throwing channel 303 is located between two guiding protrusions 302. The air distribution unit 400 of this embodiment includes an air distribution sleeve 401, an air inlet connector pipe 405, and a plurality of air guiding channels 403. The air distribution sleeve 401 is coaxially constructed at the inlet end of the cylindrical body 301, and an air distribution cavity 402 is formed between the air distribution sleeve 401 and the cylindrical body 301. Each air guiding channel 403 is formed in a corresponding material guiding protrusion 302. Each air guiding channel 403 extends along the extension direction of the corresponding material guiding protrusion 302 to both ends of the material guiding protrusion 302, and one end of the air guiding channel 403 is connected to the air distribution cavity 402. On the side wall of each material guiding protrusion 302 facing the free end of the cylindrical body 301 (the free end is the end of the cylindrical body 301 away from the straw hopper 100), exhaust holes 404 are arranged, and each exhaust hole 404 is connected to the air guiding channel 403. An air inlet pipe 405 is installed on the air distribution sleeve 401 and is connected to the air distribution chamber 402. The air inlet pipe 405 is connected to an air source. The working principle and advantages of this embodiment are as follows: First, the free end of the cylindrical body 301 is sealed with a sealing cap. Next, the material conveying mechanism 200 is controlled to move, and the straw is conveyed into the cylindrical body 301 by the material conveying mechanism 200. At the same time, pressurized gas is introduced into the air distribution chamber 402, and then evenly enters each air guide channel 403, and then enters the inner cavity of the cylindrical body 301 through each exhaust hole 404, so that the airflow entering the inner cavity of the cylindrical body 301 is in a continuous spiral shape, and the airflow moves towards the free end of the cylindrical body 301. In this way, under the action of the spiral airflow, the straw is gradually driven towards the free end of the cylindrical body 301, and during the movement, it is gradually discharged through the various air channels 403, thus forming a continuous, three-dimensional discharge area, so that the straw falling to the ground through the discharge area is evenly covered on the soil surface. In this embodiment, in order to avoid insufficient wind force at the end of the air channel 403, the measure taken is to connect an air intake main pipe 406 to the air intake connector pipe 405, and connect multiple air intake branch pipes 407 to the air intake main pipe 406. These air intake branch pipes 407 are arranged at intervals along the axial direction of the cylindrical body 301, and each air intake branch pipe 407 is connected to the air channel 403 of the corresponding guide protrusion 302.Generally, the number of intake branch pipes 407 is the same as or a multiple of the number of air guide channels 403, thus ensuring that each air guide channel 403 is connected to at least one intake branch pipe 407. When each air guide channel 403 is connected to two or more intake branch pipes 407, these intake branch pipes 407 are spaced apart along the extension direction of the air guide channel 403, so that the airflow entering the inner cavity of the cylindrical body 301 from the exhaust port 404 will not be significantly attenuated, ensuring that the airflow inside the cylindrical body 301 has sufficient energy to drive the straw and swirl it out. To avoid mutual cancellation between the gases entering from multiple intake branch pipes 407 on a single air guide channel 403, the air guide channel 403 is divided into multiple sub-channels. These sub-channels are arranged sequentially along the extension direction of the air guide channel 403, and adjacent sub-channels are separated by partitions. The multiple intake branch pipes 407 are connected to the multiple sub-channels one by one.

[0025] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, such as Figure 1 , 2 As shown in Figure 4, an elastic adapter tube 304 is coaxially connected to the inlet end of the cylindrical body 301. The elastic adapter tube 304 is generally made of rubber or a flexible metal tube. The end of the elastic adapter tube 304 away from the cylindrical body 301 is detachably connected to the side wall of the straw bin 100, and the elastic adapter tube 304 is connected to the outlet 105 of the straw bin 100. An adapter seat 102 is constructed on the straw bin 100, and a second connecting ear 409 is constructed on the air distribution sleeve 401. An inclined drive member 700 is provided between the adapter seat 102 and the cylindrical body 301. The two ends of the inclined drive member 700 are respectively hinged to the adapter seat 102 and the second connecting ear 409. The inclined drive member 700 is generally an electric cylinder, a pneumatic cylinder, or a hydraulic cylinder. In this embodiment, the tilt of the cylindrical body 301 is changed by controlling the movement of the inclined drive component 700, thereby achieving the purpose of tilting and throwing the straw. When the cylindrical body 301 is tilted, the elastic transfer cylinder 304 undergoes corresponding elastic deformation.

[0026] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, this embodiment can adjust the length of the cylindrical body 301 and the diameter of the throwing channel 303, thereby adjusting the range and amount of straw scattering. Specifically, two adjustment methods are adopted: the first is mechanical adjustment, and the second is automatic adjustment. These two adjustment methods are implemented using corresponding structures. In both adjustment methods, the cylindrical body 301 is made of rubber or elastic metal material, and an end sleeve 305 is coaxially constructed at the free end of the cylindrical body 301. The structure used in the first adjustment method is as follows: Figure 4 , 5As shown in Figure 7, a limiting ring 600 is coaxially fitted outside the end sleeve 305. The limiting ring 600 includes an annular body 601, a first connecting ear 408 constructed on the air distribution sleeve 401, and a third connecting ear 603 constructed on the annular body 601. A mechanical telescopic member 500 is provided between the inlet end of the annular body 601 and the cylindrical body 301. The mechanical telescopic member 500 can extend and retract along the axial direction of the cylindrical body 301. The two ends of the mechanical telescopic member 500 are respectively connected to the first connecting ear 408 and the third connecting ear 603. A plurality of first limiting holes 306 are uniformly formed along the circumference of the peripheral wall of the end sleeve 305, and a plurality of second limiting holes 602 are uniformly formed along the circumference of the peripheral wall of the annular body 601. The mechanical telescopic component 500 of this embodiment includes a connecting pipe 501 and an adjusting screw 502. The connecting pipe 501 and the adjusting screw 502 are threaded together at their near ends. The end of the connecting pipe 501 away from the adjusting screw 502 is fixedly connected to a first connecting lug 408, and the end of the adjusting screw 502 away from the connecting pipe 501 is rotatably connected to a third connecting lug 603. A locking nut is threaded onto the adjusting screw 502 and is locked onto the end face of the connecting pipe 501. In this embodiment, by rotating the end sleeve 305, the free end of the cylindrical body 301 is rotated. During the rotation of the free end, the diameter of the throwing channel 303 and the length of the cylindrical body 301 change. At the same time, the length of the mechanical telescopic component 500 is adjusted. After the diameter of the throwing channel 303 and the length of the cylindrical body 301 are adjusted, the position of the annular body 601 and the end sleeve 305 are locked, thereby achieving the purpose of adjusting the throwing range and throwing amount of straw. Since the cylindrical body 301 in this embodiment is made of rubber or elastic metal, the length of the mechanical telescopic member 500 can be directly adjusted to stretch the cylindrical body 301, thereby changing the length of the cylindrical body 301. During this change, the change in the diameter of the throwing channel 303 is relatively small, thus achieving the purpose of adjusting the throwing range. The structure used in the second adjustment method is as follows: Figure 8 , 9As shown, a transition ring 901 is coaxially fitted outside the end sleeve 305 of the cylindrical body 301. An automatic telescopic component 800 is provided between the transition ring 901 and the inlet end of the cylindrical body 301. This automatic telescopic component 800 can extend and retract along the axial direction of the cylindrical body 301. A circumferential drive unit 900 is installed between the transition ring 901 and the free end of the cylindrical body 301. In this embodiment, the circumferential drive unit 900 is used to drive the end sleeve 305 to rotate, causing the free end of the cylindrical body 301 to twist, thereby adjusting the diameter of the throwing channel 303. Simultaneously, it controls the automatic telescopic component 800 to perform corresponding telescopic actions, thereby adjusting the length of the cylindrical body 301 and thus adjusting the throwing range. In this embodiment, the automatic telescopic component 800 can also be controlled independently, and its function is the same as that of adjusting the length of the mechanical telescopic component 500 independently as described above. In this embodiment, an adapter rod 410 is connected to the first connecting ear 408. The automatic telescopic component 800 is an electric cylinder, a pneumatic cylinder, or a hydraulic cylinder. The two ends of the automatic telescopic component 800 are respectively connected to the adapter rod 410 and the circumferential drive unit 900. The circumferential drive unit 900 of this embodiment includes a drive motor 904, a drive gear 905, an external gear ring 906, and a gearbox housing 907. A fourth connecting lug 902 and a fifth connecting lug 903 are constructed on the adapter ring 901. The drive motor 904 is mounted on the fourth connecting lug 902, and its output shaft is coaxially connected to the drive gear 905. The external gear ring 906 is coaxially fitted and fixed to the end sleeve 305 of the cylindrical body 301, meshing with the drive gear 905. Both the external gear ring 906 and the drive gear 905 are assembled inside the gearbox housing 907. A sixth connecting lug 909 is constructed on the gearbox housing 907, and the sixth connecting lug 909 is detachably connected to the fifth connecting lug 903, thereby achieving the purpose of connecting the gearbox housing 907 to the adapter ring 901. In this embodiment, a guide port 908 is provided on the gearbox housing 907. The guide port 908 is connected to the end sleeve 305. When the guide port 908 is in an unblocked state and all the throwing channels 303 are in a closed state, the straw passes through the inner cavity of the cylindrical body 301 and is discharged through the guide port 908, achieving the purpose of unidirectional swirling material throwing. When the guide port 908 is in a blocked state and the throwing channels 303 are in an open state, the straw is thrown out in a three-dimensional form from each throwing channel 303.

[0027] Finally, it should be noted that the above descriptions are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A straw side-distribution and return-to-field device, characterized in that: The system includes an adjustable uniform throwing mechanism installed on one side of a straw feeder. The straw feeder is mounted on an agricultural machine, and the adjustable uniform throwing mechanism is located on one side of the machine and connected to an air source. A material conveying mechanism is installed at the bottom of the straw feeder, and the outlet end of the material conveying mechanism is connected to the inlet end of the adjustable uniform throwing mechanism. Straw is supplied to the adjustable uniform throwing mechanism via the material conveying mechanism and is evenly thrown out by the adjustable uniform throwing mechanism under the action of airflow. The adjustable uniform throwing mechanism includes an adjustable elastic throwing cylinder whose inlet end is connected to the lower part of one side of the straw feeder. The adjustable elastic throwing cylinder extends outward along the lateral direction of the agricultural machine. An air distribution unit is installed on the adjustable elastic throwing cylinder, and the air distribution unit connects the air source and the inner cavity of the adjustable elastic throwing cylinder. The adjustable elastic throwing cylinder includes a cylindrical body, and multiple... Each of the following is a material guiding protrusion, which extends spirally along the axis of the cylindrical body to both ends of the cylindrical body. Multiple material throwing channels connecting the interior of the cylindrical body to the outside are formed circumferentially on the peripheral wall of the cylindrical body. Each material throwing channel extends spirally along the axis of the cylindrical body to both ends of the cylindrical body, and each material throwing channel is located between two material guiding protrusions. The air distribution unit includes an air distribution sleeve coaxially constructed at the inlet end of the cylindrical body, forming an air distribution cavity between the air distribution sleeve and the cylindrical body. Air guiding channels are formed within each material guiding protrusion, extending along the extension direction of the material guiding protrusion to both ends of the material guiding protrusion and communicating with the air distribution cavity. Exhaust holes are distributed on the side wall of each material guiding protrusion facing the free end of the cylindrical body, and each exhaust hole communicates with the air guiding channel. An air inlet connector pipe is connected to the air distribution sleeve. The cylindrical body is made of rubber or elastic metal material.

2. The straw side-distribution and returning device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The air inlet connector pipe is connected to multiple air inlet branch pipes via the main air inlet pipe. The multiple air inlet branch pipes are spaced apart along the axial direction of the cylindrical body, and each air inlet branch pipe is connected to the air guide channel of the corresponding material guide protrusion.

3. The straw side-distribution and returning device according to claim 1, characterized in that: An elastic adapter tube is coaxially connected to the inlet end of the cylindrical body. The end of the elastic adapter tube away from the cylindrical body is detachably connected to the side wall of the straw bin. An adapter seat is constructed on the straw bin, and an oblique drive component is hinged between the adapter seat and the cylindrical body.

4. The straw side-distribution and returning device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A limiting ring is coaxially fitted at the free end of the cylindrical body. A mechanical telescopic component that can extend and retract along the axial direction of the cylindrical body is provided between the limiting ring and the inlet end of the cylindrical body. Multiple first limiting holes are uniformly opened along the circumferential direction on the peripheral wall of the free end of the cylindrical body, and multiple second limiting holes are uniformly opened along the circumferential direction on the peripheral wall of the limiting ring.

5. The straw side-distribution and returning device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The mechanical telescopic component includes a connecting pipe and an adjusting screw that are threaded together at their close ends. The end of the connecting pipe away from the adjusting screw is fixedly connected to the inlet end of the cylindrical body. The end of the adjusting screw away from the connecting pipe is rotatably connected to a limiting ring. A locking nut is threaded onto the adjusting screw and is locked onto the end face of the connecting pipe.

6. The straw side-distribution and returning device according to claim 1, characterized in that: An adapter ring is coaxially fitted at the free end of the cylindrical body. An automatic telescopic component that can extend and retract along the axial direction of the cylindrical body is provided between the adapter ring and the inlet end of the cylindrical body. A circumferential drive unit is installed between the adapter ring and the free end of the cylindrical body.

7. A straw side-distribution and returning device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The circumferential drive unit includes a drive motor mounted on the adapter ring, a drive gear coaxially mounted on the output shaft of the drive motor, and an external gear ring coaxially fixed outside the free end of the cylindrical body. The external gear ring meshes with the drive gear, and both the external gear ring and the drive gear are mounted inside the gearbox housing. The gearbox housing is detachably connected to the adapter ring.

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