Method for improving production efficiency of weaned piglets after long-term transportation

Abstract

The invention provides a method for improving the production efficiency of weaned piglets after long-term transportation, and belongs to the technical field of livestock breeding. Comprising the following steps: (1) after transportation is completed, determining a drinking water additive according to transportation time t and transportation temperature T; the drinking water additive comprises one or more of ginger powder, an astragalus extract, vitamin C, cane sugar and cinnamyl aldehyde; (2) after the transportation is completed, performing staged feeding management on the weaned piglets; 3, within 6-8 days after transportation is completed, air aerosol is sprayed to the pig house every day; the air aerosol comprises the following components: benzalkonium bromide and rosemary essential oil. According to the method, heat stress or transportation stress possibly generated in the transportation process of the weaned piglets can be relieved, the survival rate of the piglets from the transportation completion to the nursing stage is increased, the diarrhea rate is reduced, the fattening period is shortened, and the production and economic benefits are remarkably improved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of livestock breeding, and in particular to a method for improving the production efficiency of weaned piglets after long-term transportation. BACKGROUND

[0002] Transportation is an inevitable and important stress factor in pig production. During transportation, pigs are subjected to various stresses, such as leaving the feeding house, being caught, being loaded into the vehicle, being transported, being unloaded, adapting to the new environment, and new feed. During transportation, there are also environmental factors such as heat, cold, wind, and stuffiness, as well as mutual attacks between pigs, crowding, and long-term lack of water and food, which cause strong stress to the pigs. For those pigs with weak constitution and poor adaptability, these stimuli can completely destroy the defense function of the pigs, leading to diseases such as high body temperature, rapid heartbeat, forced breathing, lack of food, shaking, lack of spirit, and gastrointestinal dysfunction, and some pigs have symptoms such as diarrhea and high fever, which reduces the resistance of the pigs and induces the occurrence of infectious diseases, causing the spread of pig diseases. Due to physiological reasons, piglets are more susceptible to the adverse effects of transportation stress. During long-distance transportation, environmental changes, feed changes, crowding, and vibration can cause severe stress reactions in piglets, leading to decreased immunity and reduced feed intake in piglets, and further causing problems such as diarrhea and respiratory diseases, which seriously affect the subsequent fattening effect.

[0003] Currently, the industry mainly uses single stress relief measures, such as adding electrolytes or vitamins to the drinking water, using sedative drugs, and simple feed restriction management. However, the above methods have the following defects: they do not consider the differences in the effects of different transportation conditions (time, temperature) on piglets; they lack a systematic nutritional intervention program; they ignore the synergistic effect of environmental disinfection and respiratory health care; and the stress relief effect is limited, the fattening period is not significantly shortened, and the production efficiency of weaned piglets is affected.

[0004] Therefore, the present application aims to set the feeding mode of weaned piglets after entering the fattening field according to the transportation time, temperature, and other conditions of weaned piglets, improve the survival rate during the rearing stage, and shorten the fattening period. SUMMARY

[0005] The present application aims to provide a method for improving the production efficiency of weaned piglets after long-term transportation.

[0006] In order to achieve the above-mentioned application purpose, the present application provides the following technical solutions:

[0007] The present application provides a method for improving the production efficiency of weaned piglets after long-term transportation, comprising the following steps:

[0008] (1) After transportation is completed, the drinking water additive is determined according to the transportation time t and transportation temperature T;

[0009] The drinking water additive includes one or more of the following: ginger powder, astragalus extract, vitamin C, sucrose, and cinnamaldehyde.

[0010] (2) After transportation, weaned piglets are fed in stages;

[0011] (3) Spray air aerosol in the pigsty every day for 6 to 8 days after the transportation is completed;

[0012] The air aerosol contains benzalkonium bromide and rosemary essential oil.

[0013] Preferably, in step (1), when the transportation time t is greater than 8 hours or the transportation temperature T is greater than 25°C, and either condition is met or both are met, scheme a is adopted, in which ginger powder, as well as astragalus extract, vitamin C, sucrose, and cinnamaldehyde with a mass-to-volume ratio of 0.10-0.15%, 0.08-0.12%, 0.01-0.02%, 2-5%, and cinnamaldehyde are added to the daily drinking water for 5-7 days.

[0014] When the transportation time t is less than 3 hours and the transportation temperature is 18℃≤T≤25℃, adopt scheme b, add ginger powder and sucrose at a mass-volume ratio of 0.10~0.15% and sucrose at a mass-volume ratio of 1~2 days to daily drinking water;

[0015] When the transportation time t and transportation temperature T do not meet the prerequisites of scheme a or b, scheme c shall be adopted, in which ginger powder (0.1-0.15% by mass / volume), astragalus extract (0.02-0.05%), sucrose (2-4%) and vitamin C (0.01-0.02%) shall be added to daily drinking water for 3-5 days.

[0016] Preferably, the method of phased feeding management in step (2) is as follows: within 1 to 2 days after the completion of transportation, the feed amount is 40 to 60% of the daily feed intake, then the feed amount is increased to 70 to 80% of the daily feed intake, and finally, on the 6th or 7th day, the feed is allowed to be given freely.

[0017] Preferably, the air aerosol in step (3) is composed of the following raw materials in the following mass-volume ratio: 0.01-0.02% benzalkonium bromide, 0.005-0.01% rosemary essential oil, 0.5-1.0% Tween 80, 0.1-0.3% lecithin and 1.0-2.0% glycerin.

[0018] Preferably, the air aerosol is prepared by:

[0019] (1) Weigh each ingredient according to the formula, mix and dissolve rosemary essential oil, Tween-80 and lecithin to obtain the oil phase;

[0020] (2) Dissolve benzalkonium bromide in water, add glycerol, and obtain an aqueous phase;

[0021] (3) Add the oil phase to the aqueous phase, shear at high speed of 8,000 to 12,000 rpm for 5 to 8 minutes, and then cycle and homogenize at 40 to 60 MPa pressure 2 to 3 times to obtain a microemulsion.

[0022] Preferably, the method of using the air aerosol is as follows: dilute the air aerosol with water at a volume ratio of 1:90 to 110, spray for 0.8 to 1.2 hours, once a day.

[0023] This invention provides a method to improve the production efficiency of weaned piglets after long-term transportation. The composition and usage of drinking water additives are adjusted according to the transportation time and transportation problems. While controlling costs, it can effectively ensure the relief of stress in piglets.

[0024] This invention employs a segmented restricted feeding method, which can reduce the amount of undigested protein entering the hindgut and lower the diarrhea rate; while gradually increasing the amount of feed intake can stimulate intestinal enzyme activity, which is beneficial for subsequent breeding.

[0025] This invention relates to a microemulsion prepared using benzalkonium bromide and rosemary as the main raw materials. Benzalkonium bromide is a broad-spectrum quaternary ammonium salt bactericide with good bactericidal effects against bacteria, viruses, and fungi. Rosemary essential oil is rich in active ingredients such as 1,8-cineole and α-pinene, possessing antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and respiratory soothing effects, which help relieve tension. By combining benzalkonium bromide and rosemary essential oil to form a stable microemulsion, benzalkonium bromide disrupts microbial cell membranes, while rosemary essential oil interferes with metabolism; the two work synergistically to kill bacteria and reduce respiratory irritation.

[0026] The method provided by this invention can reduce heat stress or transportation stress that may occur during the transportation of weaned piglets, improve the survival rate of piglets from the end of transportation to the nursery stage, reduce the diarrhea rate, shorten the fattening cycle, and significantly improve production and economic benefits. Detailed Implementation

[0027] The technical solutions provided by the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0028] Example 1

[0029] An air aerosol:

[0030] The air aerosol (1000ml) is prepared from the following raw materials: 0.01% (w / v) benzalkonium bromide, 0.01% (w / v) rosemary essential oil, 1.0% (w / v) Tween 80, 0.2% (w / v) lecithin and 2.0% (w / v) glycerin, with the balance being water.

[0031] The preparation method is as follows:

[0032] (1) Rosemary essential oil, Tween-80 and lecithin were mixed and dissolved to obtain the oil phase;

[0033] (2) Dissolve benzalkonium bromide in water, add glycerol, and obtain an aqueous phase;

[0034] (3) Add the oil phase to the aqueous phase, shear at 10,000 rpm for 5 min, and then cycle and homogenize 3 times under 50 MPa pressure to obtain a microemulsion (particle size 15 μm).

[0035] Example 2

[0036] An air aerosol:

[0037] The air aerosol (1000ml) is prepared from the following raw materials: 0.02% (w / v) benzalkonium bromide, 0.008% (w / v) rosemary essential oil, 0.5% (w / v) Tween 80, 0.1% (w / v) lecithin and 1.0% (w / v) glycerin, with the balance being water.

[0038] The preparation method is as follows:

[0039] (1) Rosemary essential oil, Tween-80 and lecithin were mixed and dissolved to obtain the oil phase;

[0040] (2) Dissolve benzalkonium bromide in water, add glycerol, and obtain an aqueous phase;

[0041] (3) Add the oil phase to the aqueous phase, shear at 10,000 rpm for 8 min, and then homogenize by cycling 3 times under 50 MPa pressure to obtain a microemulsion (particle size 15 μm).

[0042] Example 3

[0043] A method to improve the productivity of weaned piglets after long-distance transportation:

[0044] (1) Within one week after the completion of transportation, add 0.15% ginger powder, 0.1% astragalus extract, 0.02% vitamin C, 4% sucrose and 0.004% cinnamaldehyde (scheme a) to daily drinking water.

[0045] (2) After transportation, weaned piglets are fed in stages: within two days after transportation, the feed amount is 50% of the daily feed intake. On the third day, the feed amount is increased to 75% of the daily feed intake. Finally, on the 7th day, they are allowed to eat freely.

[0046] (3) Within one week after the completion of transportation, the air aerosol described in Example 1 was diluted with water at a volume ratio of 1:100, and then diluted at 30 mL / m 3 Spraying time in the pigsty is 1 hour, once a day.

[0047] Example 4

[0048] A method to improve the productivity of weaned piglets after long-distance transportation:

[0049] (1) Within two days after the completion of transportation, add 0.10% ginger powder and 2% sucrose by weight / volume to the daily drinking water (scheme b);

[0050] (2) After transportation, weaned piglets are fed in stages: within two days after transportation, the feed amount is 50% of the daily feed intake, then on the third day the feed amount is increased to 75% of the daily feed intake, and finally on the seventh day the piglets are allowed to eat freely.

[0051] (3) Within one week after the completion of transportation, the air aerosol described in Example 1 was diluted with water at a volume ratio of 1:100, and then diluted at 30 mL / m 3 Spraying time in the pigsty is 1 hour, once a day.

[0052] Example 5

[0053] A method to improve the productivity of weaned piglets after long-distance transportation:

[0054] (1) Within 5 days after the completion of transportation, add 0.1% ginger powder, 0.04% astragalus extract, 4% sucrose and 0.01% vitamin C by weight / volume to daily drinking water (scheme c).

[0055] (2) After transportation, weaned piglets are fed in stages: within two days after transportation, the feed amount is 50% of the daily feed intake, then on the third day the feed amount is increased to 75% of the daily feed intake, and finally on the seventh day the piglets are allowed to eat freely.

[0056] (3) Within one week after the completion of transportation, the air aerosol described in Example 1 was diluted with water at a volume ratio of 1:100, and then diluted at 30 mL / m 3 Spraying time in the pigsty is 1 hour, once a day.

[0057] Comparative Example 1

[0058] Unlike Example 3, this comparative example uses lavender essential oil to replace rosemary essential oil in the air aerosol described in step (3).

[0059] Comparative Example 2

[0060] Unlike Example 3, in this comparative example, the composition of the drinking water additive is: 0.15% Albizia julibrissin flower, 0.1% Poria cocos, 0.02% vitamin C, 4% sucrose and 0.004% cinnamaldehyde.

[0061] Comparative Example 3

[0062] Unlike Example 3, step (3) involves free access to feed without any restricted feeding.

[0063] Test case

[0064] Five hundred 40-day-old piglets weighing 10±1 kg were randomly divided into two groups of 100 each. Each group underwent transport stress in an animal transport vehicle under the following conditions: long-term high temperature (Group A, 12h, 28℃); long-term low temperature (Group B, 12h, 20℃); short-term high temperature (Group C, 2h, 28℃); short-term suitable temperature (Group D, 2h, 20℃); and moderate suitable temperature (Group E, 6h, 22℃). The transport simulated a normal-grade highway environment in China, with a speed of 60 km / h. After the simulated transport, the piglets' weights were recorded. Each transport stress group was raised according to the methods described in Table 1. Each transport group was then randomly divided into two subgroups: Subgroup 1 was the control group without added drinking water additives, and Subgroup 2 was the experimental group with added drinking water additives. The diarrhea rate and mortality rate of pigs during the nursery period were statistically analyzed. Once piglets reached 120 kg, the average number of days to fatten them was recorded. The results are shown in Table 2.

[0065] Table 1 Experimental Groups

[0066] Group A B C D E Transport time 12 12 2 2 6 Transport temperature 28 20 28 20 22 Method Example 3 Example 3 Example 3 Example 4 Example 5

[0067] Table 2 Experimental Results

[0068] Group Diarrhea rate Survival rate Fattening days A1 40％ 76％ 154d A2 4％ 98％ 135d B1 34％ 82％ 149d B2 2％ 100％ 132d C1 36％ 82％ 151d C2 2％ 100％ 133d D1 24％ 86％ 148d D2 0％ 100％ 131d E1 22％ 86％ 145d E2 0％ 100％ 128d

[0069] As shown in Table 2, under the same transportation stimuli, the technical solution provided in this application embodiment can effectively reduce the impact of time and temperature on weaned piglets during long-distance transportation, reduce the rate of piglet diarrhea, improve the survival rate of piglets, and shorten the fattening days compared with the corresponding control groups in each embodiment.

[0070] Experimental Example 2

[0071] In addition, 200 weaned piglets aged 35 days and weighing 10±1 kg were selected and subjected to prolonged high-temperature transportation stress (transport time 12 hours, transportation temperature 28℃) using animal transport vehicles. The transportation environment simulated that of a normal-grade highway in China, with a speed of 60 km / h. After transportation, they were randomly divided into 4 groups: Example 3 group and Comparative Examples 1, 2, and 3 groups, and the corresponding methods were used for the experiment. The diarrhea rate, mortality rate, and incidence of fighting behavior of piglets during the nursery period after transportation, as well as the average fattening time required for piglets to reach 120 kg, were statistically analyzed. The results are shown in Table 3.

[0072] Table 3

[0073] Group Example 3 Comparative Example 1 Comparative Example 2 Comparative Example 3 Diarrhea rate (%) 0％ 4％ 8％ 12％ Mortality rate (%) 0％ 0％ 4％ 8％ Occurrence rate of fighting behavior (%) 4％ 10％ 6％ 8％ Fattening days (d) 135d 139d 145d 150d

[0074] As shown in Table 3, the method provided by this invention can significantly reduce the incidence of fighting behavior in piglets, indicating that the technical solution provided by this application helps alleviate the negative emotions caused by stress in piglets, reduces the rate of diarrhea and mortality in piglets, and shortens the fattening days. Example 3 and Comparative Example 1 verified that the effects of air aerosols with different compositions are different. Compared with other combinations, the microemulsion prepared from benzalkonium bromide and rosemary essential oil has a better soothing effect and helps alleviate the stress of piglets. Example 3 and Comparative Example 2 verified that the effects of drinking water additives with different compositions are different. The combination of drinking water additives provided by this application is more helpful in improving the immunity of piglets and reducing stress compared with other combinations. Example 3 and Comparative Example 3 verified that segmented feeding helps piglets adapt to the environment more effectively. Through gradual nutritional adjustment and intestinal protection, the rate of diarrhea and mortality in piglets after stress is effectively reduced.

[0075] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method of improving the production efficiency of weaned piglets after long distance transport, characterized in that, The method comprises the following steps: (1) determining the drinking water additive according to the transportation time t and the transportation temperature T after the transportation is completed; The drinking water additive comprises one or more of ginger powder, astragalus extract, vitamin C, sucrose and cinnamyl aldehyde; (2) performing stage feeding management on the weaned piglets after the transportation is completed; (3) spraying the air aerosol in the pig house within 6-8 days after the transportation is completed; The components of the air aerosol comprise benzalkonium bromide and rosemary essential oil.

2. The method for improving the production efficiency of weaned piglets after long-term transportation as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In step (1), when the transportation time t is greater than 8 hours or the transportation temperature T is greater than 25 DEG C, any one condition or both conditions are met, scheme a is adopted, 0.10-0.15% of ginger powder, 0.08-0.12% of astragalus extract, 0.01-0.02% of vitamin C, 2-5% of sucrose and 0.003-0.005% of cinnamyl aldehyde are added in the daily drinking water in terms of mass / volume ratio, and the addition is continued for 5-7 days; When the transportation time t is less than 3 hours and the transportation temperature is 18 DEG C ≤ T ≤ 25 DEG C, scheme b is adopted, 0.10-0.15% of ginger powder and 1-2% of sucrose are added in the daily drinking water in terms of mass / volume ratio, and the addition is continued for 1-2 days; When the transportation time t and the transportation temperature T do not meet the precondition of scheme a and b, scheme c is adopted, 0.1-0.15% of ginger powder, 0.02-0.05% of astragalus extract, 2-4% of sucrose and 0.01-0.02% of vitamin C are added in the daily drinking water in terms of mass / volume ratio, and the addition is continued for 3-5 days.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein the method further comprises administering to the weaned piglets a feed additive comprising a combination of a yeast and a probiotic bacteria. 5 In step (2), the method for stage feeding management is as follows: within 1-2 days after the transportation is completed, the feed feeding amount is 40-60% of the daily feed intake, then the feed feeding amount is increased to 70-80% of the daily feed intake, and finally the piglets are switched to free feeding on the 6th day or the 7th day.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein the method is carried out in a piglet transport vehicle. 5 In step (3), the air aerosol is composed of the following raw materials in terms of mass / volume ratio: 0.01-0.02% of benzalkonium bromide, 0.005-0.01% of rosemary essential oil, 0.5-1.0% of Tween 80, 0.1-0.3% of lecithin and 1.0-2.0% of glycerol, and the solvent is water.

5. The method of claim 4, wherein the method further comprises administering to the weaned piglets a feed additive comprising a mixture of Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus licheniformis spores. 5 The preparation method of the air aerosol is as follows: (1) calculating and weighing each raw material according to the formula, dissolving the rosemary essential oil, Tween-80 and lecithin to obtain an oil phase; (2) dissolving benzalkonium bromide in water and adding glycerol to obtain an aqueous phase; (3) adding the oil phase into the aqueous phase, high-speed shearing at 8000-12000 rpm for 5-8 min, and then circularly homogenizing under a pressure of 40-60 MPa for 2-3 times to obtain a microemulsion.

6. The method of claim 5, wherein the method further comprises administering to the weaned piglets a feed additive comprising a mixture of Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus licheniformis spores. 5 The use method of the air aerosol is as follows: diluting the air aerosol with water at a volume ratio of 1:90-110, spraying for 0.8-1.2 hours once a day.