Multi-shaft adjustable supporting device for oral medical examination

Abstract

The invention discloses a multi-axis adjustable supporting device for oral medical examination, and belongs to the technical field of oral medical examination equipment. The device comprises a multi-axis adjustable supporting mechanism (1) and an oral cavity comprehensive treatment chair, and the multi-axis adjustable supporting mechanism (1) is arranged on a treatment chair mechanical arm in a sleeving mode through a shaft sleeve (11) and is sequentially connected with a connecting arm (12), a Z-axis electric telescopic seat (13), an X-axis electric telescopic seat (14) and a Y-axis pneumatic lifting supporting mechanism (15). A servo motor drives a threaded rod to achieve X-axis and Z-axis precise stretching and retracting, a pneumatic push rod drives a Y-axis to conduct opening, and multi-axis linkage precise control over oral cavity supporting is achieved in cooperation with a multi-dimensional angle adjusting and damping locking mechanism. The device can be matched with treatment chairs of different models and various patients, oral cavity closing in examination can be avoided, the examination efficiency and safety are improved, and the device is suitable for various oral cavity medical examination scenes.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of oral medical examination equipment technology, specifically to a multi-axis adjustable support device for oral medical examinations, used to achieve multi-dimensional precise support and adjustment of the patient's oral cavity during oral examinations. Background Technology

[0002] During oral medical examinations, to ensure a clear field of vision and smooth operation, a support device is needed to open and stabilize the patient's oral cavity. Therefore, the adjustability, ease of operation, and stability of the support device directly affect the examination efficiency and treatment outcome. Currently, various devices for oral support or auxiliary examinations exist in the field of oral medicine.

[0003] Among them, the "Mouth Opening Support for Dentistry" with publication number CN109171624B uses a combination of upper and lower support plates and an adjusting rod to adjust the degree of mouth opening and closing, and uses positioning screws to fix the position of the adjusting rod to adapt to the differences in mouth size among different patients. However, this technical solution has significant limitations: the adjusting rod can only move up and down in one direction, lacking multi-axis linkage adjustment capability, and cannot meet the multi-dimensional adjustment needs of support position and angle in complex oral examinations. Especially when detailed examination of different areas of the oral cavity is required, the adjustment limitation of the device will seriously limit the examination range. At the same time, the device adopts a purely manual adjustment and positioning method, which requires high operational precision from the operator. The adjustment process is cumbersome, and in examination scenarios that require frequent adjustment of the support state, it is very easy to lead to low adjustment efficiency, affecting the smoothness of the examination process. Moreover, the stability of manual positioning is insufficient, and the support position may shift due to slight movements or touches by the patient.

[0004] Another patent, CN113080821B, entitled "A Dental Examination Mouth Mirror," achieves automatic adjustment of the lens length and angle through the coordinated action of the lens mechanism and the pulling mechanism, and is equipped with an illumination mechanism to optimize the examination field of view. However, the core function of this technical solution focuses on the observation assistance of the lens, and does not provide stable opening and support functions for the patient's oral cavity. It cannot solve the problem of patients unconsciously closing their mouths during the examination, and it is difficult to meet the need for stable support during long-term oral examinations. In addition, the adjustment mechanism of this device is complex in design, containing multiple transmission components, which not only increases the manufacturing cost, but also increases the difficulty of later maintenance. Moreover, its applicable scenarios are limited to auxiliary observation, and it lacks adaptability for oral examination projects that require precise support to cooperate with instrument operation.

[0005] Besides the two patented technologies mentioned above, existing oral support devices of the same type generally suffer from common defects: First, their multi-axis adjustment capability is insufficient. Most devices can only achieve single-axis or dual-axis adjustment, and cannot achieve precise linkage adjustment of the X-axis, Y-axis, Z-axis, and angles, making it difficult to adapt to the needs of patients of different body types, different examination positions, and different oral examination sites. Second, their ease of operation is poor. Some devices rely on purely manual adjustment, resulting in low adjustment accuracy and slow efficiency. Even some devices with electric adjustment functions cannot meet the adjustment accuracy requirements of oral examinations. Third, their support stability and safety are insufficient, lacking effective locking mechanisms or resistance. The design of the device is flawed. Firstly, the support position is easily shifted due to external force or patient movement. Secondly, some parts of the device are made of hard materials without protective features, potentially causing scratches or cold stimulation to the oral mucosa. Thirdly, hygiene, safety, and structural rationality need improvement. Some transmission components are exposed, making them susceptible to contamination by saliva and debris generated during oral examinations, affecting lifespan and transmission accuracy. Furthermore, the tangled arrangement of tubing and other lines can interfere with the examination process. Fourthly, adaptability is limited. Most devices have a fixed connection method with the dental chair, making them incompatible with different models of chair robotic arms, thus limiting their application. These shortcomings collectively mean that existing oral support devices cannot fully meet the needs of medical personnel for precise, flexible, stable, and safe support, hindering improvements in the efficiency and treatment experience of oral medical examinations. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In view of the technical defects of existing oral support devices, such as insufficient multi-axis adjustment capability, low operating precision and efficiency, poor support stability and safety, inadequate hygiene protection and limited adaptability, this invention aims to provide a multi-axis adjustable support device for oral medical examinations that features precise multi-axis linkage adjustment, convenient and efficient operation, stable and safe support, adequate hygiene protection and wide adaptability.

[0007] To address the aforementioned technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solutions.

[0008] A multi-axis adjustable support device for oral medical examinations includes a multi-axis adjustable support mechanism 1 and an oral comprehensive treatment chair. The multi-axis adjustable support mechanism 1 comprises a bushing 11, a connecting arm 12, a Z-axis electrically telescopic seat 13, an X-axis electrically telescopic seat 14, and a Y-axis pneumatic lifting support mechanism 15. The bushing 11 is fitted onto the robotic arm of the oral comprehensive treatment chair. The bushing 11, connecting arm 12, Z-axis electrically telescopic seat 13, X-axis electrically telescopic seat 14, and Y-axis pneumatic lifting support mechanism 15 are sequentially connected along the force transmission direction.

[0009] In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the bushing 11 is a cylindrical structure with an annular mounting groove on its inner peripheral wall. A damping bearing is fixedly installed in the annular mounting groove. The outer peripheral wall of the bushing 11 is provided with a connecting lug and a radial threaded hole. A locking bolt is threaded into the radial threaded hole, and an arc-shaped locking block is fixedly connected to the inner end of the locking bolt.

[0010] In a preferred embodiment of the invention, one end of the connecting arm 12 is provided with a U-shaped connecting seat, which is rotatably connected to the connecting lug of the bushing 11 via a damping rotating shaft. The other end of the connecting arm 12 is provided with a rectangular mounting plate. The main body of the connecting arm 12 is a hollow rectangular tube structure, with length scale lines engraved on the side wall and a medical-grade antibacterial coating sprayed on the surface.

[0011] In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the Z-axis electric telescopic seat 13 includes a U-shaped support seat 131, a first threaded rod 132, a first guide rod 133, an h-shaped movable seat 134, and a first servo motor 135. The first threaded rod 132 and the first guide rod 133 are arranged parallel to each other between the two side walls of the U-shaped support seat 131. The h-shaped movable seat 134 is threadedly connected to the first threaded rod 132 and clearance-fitted with the first guide rod 133. The first servo motor 135 is connected to the first threaded rod 132 through an elastic coupling.

[0012] In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the Z-axis electric telescopic seat 13 further includes a dustproof telescopic cover. One end of the dustproof telescopic cover is fixedly connected to the U-shaped support seat 131, and the other end is fixedly connected to the h-shaped movable seat 134. The dustproof telescopic cover encloses the first threaded rod 132 and the first guide rod 133.

[0013] In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the X-axis electric telescopic seat 14 includes a telescopic arm 141, a second threaded rod 142, a second guide rod 143, an L-shaped mounting plate 144, a second servo motor 145, and an angle adjustment assembly. The angle adjustment assembly includes an upper rod sleeve 146, a lower rod sleeve 147, an end plate 148, a hinge 149, a screw 1410, and a nut 1411. The upper rod sleeve 146 and the lower rod sleeve 147 are fixed to the end connecting plate of the telescopic arm 141. The screw 1410 passes through the rod sleeve and is locked by the nut 1411. The screw 1410 is connected to the end plate 148 through the hinge 149.

[0014] In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the X-axis electric telescopic base 14 further includes a travel limit component, which includes two travel switches and a limit block. The two travel switches are respectively installed at both ends of the lower surface of the horizontal section of the L-shaped mounting plate 144, and the limit block is installed on the side of the telescopic arm 141.

[0015] In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the Y-axis pneumatic lifting support mechanism 15 includes a lower H-shaped rod 151, an upper H-shaped rod 152, a pneumatic push rod 153, an arched tube 154, and an air pump 155. Both the lower H-shaped rod 151 and the upper H-shaped rod 152 have an H-shaped structure and their outer surfaces are covered with a silicone coating layer. The cylinder of the pneumatic push rod 153 is fixedly connected to the lower H-shaped rod 151, and the output shaft is fixedly connected to the upper H-shaped rod 152. One end of the arched tube 154 is connected to the lower H-shaped rod 151, and the other end is connected to the end plate 148 of the X-axis electric telescopic seat 14.

[0016] In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the Y-axis pneumatic lifting support mechanism 15 further includes a pneumatic controller and an electromagnetic reversing valve. The pneumatic controller is installed on the air pipe between the electromagnetic reversing valve and the arched pipe 154. The electromagnetic reversing valve is connected to the air pump 155 and the pneumatic push rod 153 respectively through the air pipe.

[0017] In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the trachea is a medical-grade PU tube, which passes sequentially through the hollow interior of the lower H-shaped rod 151 and the interior of the arched tube 154. The trachea is fixed at intervals inside the hollow interior of the lower H-shaped rod 151 by medical-grade silicone clips.

[0018] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: Driven by servo motors of the Z-axis and X-axis electric telescopic seats, and combined with 360-degree rotation adjustment of the bushing, 0-90-degree pitch adjustment of the connecting arm, and 0-30-degree angle fine adjustment of the X-axis, multi-axis linkage adjustment is achieved to meet the needs of complex oral examinations.

[0019] The system adopts a combination of electric telescopic and pneumatic lifting drive to replace the existing manual adjustment, reducing operation steps and improving adjustment efficiency by more than 50%. The angle scale lines on the bushing, the length scale lines on the connecting arm, and the angle scale of the angle adjustment component make the adjustment process visible, avoid repeated calibration, and further improve the smoothness of operation.

[0020] The bushing's damping bearing provides 6-10 N·m of damping torque, while the connecting arm's damping shaft provides 8-12 N·m of damping torque. Combined with the locking bolt and nut mechanism, this ensures that the support position does not shift unexpectedly. The Y-axis pneumatic lifting support mechanism features a medical-grade titanium alloy contact rod with a silicone coating layer of 30-35 HA Shore hardness, which avoids metal irritation and enhances support stability through a grid anti-slip texture. At the same time, the air pressure controller can precisely control the opening thrust of 80-120 N to prevent excessive compression.

[0021] The Z-axis electric telescopic base features an accordion-style dust cover, built-in air tube arrangement, and a medical-grade antibacterial coating on the connecting arm, effectively blocking saliva, debris, and dust contamination, reducing component wear, and extending service life by 2-3 times compared to existing devices without protective devices; the arched tube outlet design avoids saliva accumulation, further ensuring the hygiene of the device.

[0022] The inner diameter of the bushing is 0.5-1mm larger than the outer diameter of the robotic arm. With the damping bearing and locking mechanism, it can be adapted to different models of robotic arms for comprehensive dental treatment chairs. The size design of the lower H-shaped rod and the upper H-shaped rod, as well as the adjustable opening stroke (30-50mm), are suitable for patients of different ages and oral cavity sizes. At the same time, the 350-450mm length design of the connecting arm is suitable for different examination positions such as sitting and lying down. Attached Figure Description

[0023] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0024] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the multi-axis adjustable support mechanism and the robotic arm of the dental chair provided by the present invention. Figure 2 This is a partial structural diagram of the connection between the bushing and the connecting arm provided by the present invention; Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the connection between the Z-axis electric telescopic base and the X-axis electric telescopic base provided by the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the connection between the X-axis electric telescopic seat end angle adjustment component and the Y-axis pneumatic lifting support mechanism provided by the present invention. Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the Z-axis electric telescopic seat provided by the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the Y-axis pneumatic lifting support mechanism provided by the present invention.

[0025] The reference numerals in the attached figures are as follows: 1: Multi-axis adjustable support mechanism; 11: Bushing; 12: Connecting arm; 13: Z-axis electric telescopic seat; 131: U-shaped support seat; 132: First threaded rod; 133: First guide rod; 134: H-shaped moving seat; 135: First servo motor; 14: X-axis electric telescopic seat; 141: Telescopic arm; 142: Second threaded rod; 143: Second guide rod; 144: L-shaped mounting plate; 145: Second servo motor; 146: Upper rod sleeve; 147: Lower rod sleeve; 148: End plate; 149: Hinge; 1410: Screw; 1411: Nut; 15: Y-axis pneumatic lifting support mechanism; 151: Lower H-shaped rod; 152: Upper H-shaped rod; 153: Pneumatic push rod; 154: Arched tube; 155: Air pump. Detailed Implementation

[0026] To make the technical means, creative features, objectives and effects of this invention easier to understand, the invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments.

[0027] As one embodiment of the present invention, such as Figures 1 to 6 As shown, a multi-axis adjustable support device for oral medical examinations is provided. The device includes a multi-axis adjustable support mechanism 1 and a dental chair. The multi-axis adjustable support mechanism 1 is the core functional component, used to achieve multi-dimensional adjustment and stable support for the patient's oral cavity. It is mounted on the robotic arm of the dental chair via a bushing 11, forming a detachable connection. This facilitates the installation and disassembly of the device and allows for compatibility with different models of dental chair robotic arms. Specifically, the multi-axis adjustable support mechanism 1 includes a bushing 11, a connecting arm 12, a Z-axis electric telescopic seat 13, an X-axis electric telescopic seat 14, and a Y-axis pneumatic lifting support mechanism 15. Each component is connected sequentially according to the logic of force transmission and functional realization. The bushing 11 provides the mounting base for the entire mechanism. The connecting arm 12 facilitates the angular transition between the mechanism and the robotic arm. The Z-axis electric telescopic seat 13 and the X-axis electric telescopic seat 14 respectively complete precise longitudinal and lateral displacement adjustments. The Y-axis pneumatic lifting support mechanism 15 directly acts on the patient's oral cavity to achieve opening and support.

[0028] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 As shown, the bushing 11 serves as the connecting carrier between the multi-axis adjustable support mechanism 1 and the robotic arm of the dental chair. It has an overall cylindrical structure, and its inner diameter is adapted to the outer diameter of a common dental chair robotic arm. Preferably, the inner diameter of the bushing 11 is 0.5-1mm larger than the outer diameter of the robotic arm to ensure that the bushing 11 can be smoothly fitted onto the robotic arm, while avoiding excessive radial wobbling after fitting. More preferably, an annular mounting groove (not shown in the figure) is formed on the inner peripheral wall of the bushing 11. The width of the annular mounting groove is 15-20mm and the depth is 3-5mm. A damping bearing is fixedly installed in the groove. The outer ring of the damping bearing is connected to the groove wall of the annular mounting groove by an interference fit, and the inner ring is tightly fitted to the outer peripheral wall of the dental chair robotic arm. Through the setting of the damping bearing, the bushing 11 can rotate smoothly within a 360-degree range relative to the robotic arm, and has a damping torque of 6-10 N·m during the rotation. This damping torque can not only meet the convenience of medical personnel to manually adjust the angle of the bushing 11, but also prevent the bushing 11 from rotating accidentally due to slight external force during the examination, thus ensuring the stability of the support position.

[0029] A connecting lug (not shown in the figure) is integrally formed on the outer peripheral wall of the bushing 11. The connecting lug extends outward along the radial direction of the bushing 11, with a length of 20-25 mm, a width of 15-18 mm, and a thickness of 8-10 mm. A through-hole with a diameter of 10-12 mm is provided at the center of the connecting lug for rotational connection with the connecting arm 12. In addition, a radial threaded hole is provided on the outer peripheral wall of the bushing 11. The threaded hole is distributed at a 90-degree angle with the connecting lug. The specification of the threaded hole is M8-M10. A locking bolt is threaded into the hole. The inner end of the locking bolt extends to the inner side of the inner peripheral wall of the bushing 11. An arc-shaped locking block is fixedly connected to the inner end by welding. The inner arc radius of the arc-shaped locking block is consistent with the outer peripheral radius of the dental chair's robotic arm. The arc-shaped locking block is made of wear-resistant rubber with a surface roughness Ra≤0.8μm. When the bushing 11 is adjusted to the target angle, the medical personnel tighten the locking bolt, which can push the arc-shaped locking block to move towards the robotic arm and fit tightly, thereby fixing the bushing 11 and the robotic arm relatively, further improving the reliability of angle locking.

[0030] Schematic illustration: Angle scale lines (not shown in the figure) are also engraved on the outer peripheral wall of the bushing 11. The angle scale lines are distributed in a ring around the axis of the bushing 11, with a range of 0-360 degrees and a graduation value of 1 degree. The zero mark of the angle scale line is aligned with the axis of the rotating hole of the connecting lug, which allows medical personnel to intuitively read the adjustment angle when adjusting the bushing 11, avoiding the subsequent support mechanism from being unable to accurately align with the patient's oral cavity due to angle adjustment deviation, thus improving the accuracy of angle adjustment. The bushing 11 is made of 304 stainless steel, formed by integrated casting and machining, and the surface is passivated.

[0031] like Figure 1 , Figure 2As shown, the connecting arm 12 is used to connect the bushing 11 and the Z-axis electric telescopic seat 13 to realize the angle transition and length extension of the multi-axis adjustable support mechanism 1. Its overall shape is long and narrow, and the length is preferably set to 350-450mm to adapt to the oral cavity position of patients of different body sizes and the placement height of the treatment chair. One end of the connecting arm 12 is integrally formed with a U-shaped connecting seat. The opening width of the U-shaped connecting seat is adapted to the thickness of the connecting lug on the outer periphery of the bushing 11. A through hole with the same diameter as the pivot hole of the connecting lug is opened on both side walls of the U-shaped connecting seat. During assembly, the connecting lug is inserted into the opening of the U-shaped connecting seat so that the pivot hole of the connecting lug is aligned with the through hole on the side wall of the U-shaped connecting seat. Then, a damping pivot is inserted. The two ends of the damping pivot are respectively interference-fitted with the through hole on the side wall of the U-shaped connecting seat, and the middle part is clearance-fitted with the pivot hole of the connecting lug. The damping torque of the damping pivot is set to 8-12 N·m, so that the connecting arm 12 can achieve pitch angle adjustment within the range of 0-90 degrees relative to the bushing 11, which meets the alignment requirements of the support mechanism and the patient's oral cavity under different examination positions such as sitting and lying positions.

[0032] Preferably, a rectangular mounting plate (not shown in the figure) is provided at the other end of the connecting arm 12. The rectangular mounting plate is integrally formed with the connecting arm 12. The length of the mounting plate is 50-60mm, the width is 40-45mm, and the thickness is 8-10mm. The mounting plate has four evenly distributed bolt holes with a diameter of 6-8mm and a depth of 15-20mm, which are used to fix the connecting arm 12 to the U-shaped support 131 of the Z-axis electric telescopic seat 13. The main body of the connecting arm 12 adopts a hollow rectangular tube structure with a cross-sectional dimension of 30mm×20mm and a wall thickness of 3-4mm. The material is also 304 stainless steel. This hollow structure design can reduce the overall weight of the connecting arm 12 and reduce the load on the bushing 11 and the robotic arm, while ensuring that the connecting arm 12 has sufficient bending strength to avoid bending deformation when bearing the weight of subsequent components.

[0033] Non-limitingly, the side wall of the connecting arm 12 is also engraved with length scale lines (not shown in the figure). The length scale lines are distributed parallel to the length direction of the connecting arm 12, with a range of 0-450mm and a graduation value of 1mm. The scale lines are processed using a white laser engraving process, and the numerical markings are sequentially marked from the end of the U-shaped connector (reference end) to the end of the rectangular mounting plate (extension end), with a numerical height of 2-3mm and a spacing of 10mm between adjacent numerical markings. This allows medical personnel to roughly judge the length of the connecting arm 12 extending from the robotic arm when initially adjusting its position, providing a reference for subsequent precise adjustments. In addition, the surface of the connecting arm 12 is also coated with a medical-grade antibacterial coating with a thickness of 0.05-0.1mm. The coating uses epoxy resin-based antibacterial materials, which have good antibacterial properties and can effectively inhibit bacterial growth, ensuring the hygiene and safety of patients during the examination process.

[0034] like Figure 3 , Figure 5 As shown, the Z-axis electric telescopic seat 13 is used to achieve precise telescopic adjustment of the multi-axis adjustable support mechanism 1 in the Z-axis direction (i.e., the longitudinal direction parallel to the front and back of the patient's body), thereby adjusting the longitudinal distance between the X-axis electric telescopic seat 14 and the Y-axis pneumatic lifting support mechanism 15 relative to the patient's oral cavity, ensuring that the support mechanism can accurately act on the patient's oral cavity. The Z-axis electric telescopic seat 13 includes a U-shaped support seat 131, a first threaded rod 132, a first guide rod 133, an h-shaped moving seat 134, and a first servo motor 135.

[0035] The U-shaped support base 131 is the basic support structure for the Z-axis electric telescopic base 13. It is U-shaped with the opening facing upwards and is made of 304 stainless steel. It is formed by casting and machining. The bottom of the U-shaped support base 131 is a rectangular base plate with a length of 200-220mm, a width of 80-90mm, and a thickness of 10-12mm. The base plate has four through holes corresponding to the bolt holes of the rectangular mounting plate of the connecting arm 12. During assembly, four hexagonal socket head cap screws are threaded through these through holes and connected to the bolt holes of the mounting plate of the connecting arm 12 to fix the U-shaped support base 131 and the connecting arm 12 into one piece. The bolt specifications are M6-M8 and the length is 25-30mm to ensure the firmness of the connection. The two side walls of the U-shaped support 131 are 100-120mm high and 8-10mm thick. Each side wall has a groove on the top inner side, which is 20-22mm wide and 5-6mm deep. The groove is used to guide and limit the movement of the H-shaped moving seat 134 and prevent the H-shaped moving seat 134 from shifting up and down during the movement.

[0036] The first threaded rod 132 is horizontally positioned between the two side walls of the U-shaped support 131, distributed along the Z-axis. Its two ends are rotatably connected to the side walls of the U-shaped support 131 via deep groove ball bearings. The preferred model of the deep groove ball bearing is 6205. The outer ring of the bearing is interference-fitted with the bearing mounting hole pre-set on the side wall of the U-shaped support 131, and the inner ring is interference-fitted with the shaft end of the first threaded rod 132. The outer side of the bearing mounting hole is sealed by an end cover, which is fixedly connected to the side wall of the U-shaped support 131 by bolts to prevent dust and impurities from entering the bearing and to ensure smooth rotation of the bearing. The first threaded rod 132 is made of 40Cr alloy steel, which has undergone heat treatment (hardness HRC28-32) and surface hardening treatment (surface hardness HRC55-60), giving it good strength and wear resistance. The thread type of the first threaded rod 132 is trapezoidal thread, with a nominal thread diameter of 20-24mm, a pitch of 4-5mm, and a lead consistent with the pitch. It adopts a right-hand thread. This trapezoidal thread structure has the characteristics of strong load-bearing capacity, high transmission efficiency, and wear resistance, which can ensure the stability and accuracy of Z-axis adjustment, while reducing the backlash in the thread transmission process and improving positioning accuracy.

[0037] The first guide rod 133 and the first threaded rod 132 are arranged parallel to each other, located between the two side walls of the U-shaped support 131. The first guide rod 133 and the first threaded rod 132 are symmetrically distributed in the width direction of the U-shaped support 131, with a spacing of 50-60mm. They provide additional guidance for the movement of the h-shaped movable seat 134, preventing the h-shaped movable seat 134 from rotating or shifting under the influence of the first threaded rod 132. The first guide rod 133 is made of 45# steel and has been chrome-plated with a chrome layer thickness of 0.05-0.1mm and a surface roughness Ra≤0.4μm. The chrome plating not only improves the surface hardness and wear resistance of the first guide rod 133, but also reduces the coefficient of friction between it and the h-shaped movable seat 134, ensuring smooth movement of the h-shaped movable seat 134. The diameter of the first guide rod 133 is 15-18mm. Both ends are connected to the guide holes on the side wall of the U-shaped support 131 by interference fit, and the ends are further fixed by welding to prevent the first guide rod 133 from axially moving during use.

[0038] The H-shaped movable seat 134 is located on top of the U-shaped support seat 131. It is H-shaped in shape and made of aviation aluminum alloy (model 6061-T6). It is formed by CNC machining and has the characteristics of light weight and high strength. The two horizontal sections at the bottom of the H-shaped movable seat 134 respectively cooperate with the sliding grooves on the side wall of the U-shaped support seat 131. The width of the horizontal section matches the width of the sliding groove, and the thickness matches the depth of the sliding groove, so that the H-shaped movable seat 134 can slide smoothly along the sliding groove. On the bottom of the H-shaped movable seat 134, near the horizontal section of the first threaded rod 132, there is an internal threaded hole that matches the thread of the first threaded rod 132. The depth of the internal threaded hole is 30-40mm. It is connected to the first threaded rod 132 by a threaded connection. When the first threaded rod 132 rotates, it can drive the H-shaped movable seat 134 to move along the Z-axis. On the bottom of the H-shaped movable seat 134, near the horizontal section of the first guide rod 133, there is a guide hole that matches the diameter of the first guide rod 133. The depth of the guide hole is 25-30mm. It is clearance-fitted with the first guide rod 133 (the clearance is 0.02-0.05mm) to ensure that the H-shaped movable seat 134 always moves along the axis of the first guide rod 133 and avoids deviation.

[0039] The top of the h-shaped movable seat 134 is a horizontal mounting plate, 150-160mm long, 80-90mm wide, and 10-12mm thick. The mounting plate has four evenly distributed threaded holes of M6-M8 size and 15-20mm depth, used for fixed connection with the L-shaped mounting plate 144 of the X-axis electric telescopic seat 14. In addition, the two vertical sections of the h-shaped movable seat 134 also have weight-reducing holes (not shown in the figure). These rectangular holes, numbering 4-6, are evenly distributed on the vertical sections. This reduces the weight of the h-shaped movable seat 134 while maintaining its structural strength, preventing excessive weight from increasing the load on the first threaded rod 132 during movement.

[0040] The first servo motor 135 drives the first threaded rod 132 to rotate, thereby realizing the Z-axis movement of the h-shaped moving seat 134. The first servo motor 135 is preferably a 60-series stepper servo motor with a rated power of 400-500W, a rated speed of 3000rpm, and a step angle of 1.8 degrees. It can achieve 64 microsteps through a microstepping driver, corresponding to a minimum displacement accuracy of 0.00625mm, which meets the adjustment accuracy requirements of dental medical examinations. The first servo motor 135 is fixedly mounted on the outer side of one end of the U-shaped support 131 via a motor mounting bracket. The motor mounting bracket is L-shaped and made of 304 stainless steel. The bottom is fixedly connected to the side wall of the U-shaped support 131 by four bolts, and the top is fixedly connected to the housing of the first servo motor 135 by four bolts, ensuring that the first servo motor 135 is securely installed and preventing vibration during operation.

[0041] The output shaft of the first servo motor 135 is connected to one end of the first threaded rod 132 via a flexible coupling. The flexible coupling is made of polyurethane and is an L-type flexible coupling. Its two ends are respectively connected to the output shaft of the first servo motor 135 and the shaft end of the first threaded rod 132 by keys and fixed with set screws. The flexible coupling has a certain elastic deformation capacity, which can compensate for the coaxiality error between the output shaft of the first servo motor 135 and the first threaded rod 132 (the allowable error is 0.1-0.2mm), reduce vibration and impact during transmission, ensure the smoothness and accuracy of transmission, and at the same time avoid the wear of the first threaded rod 132 and the bearing due to excessive coaxiality error, thus extending the service life of the components.

[0042] Preferably, the Z-axis electric telescopic seat 13 also includes a dustproof telescopic cover (not shown in the figure). The dustproof telescopic cover adopts an accordion structure and is made of polyurethane cloth, which has good elasticity and wear resistance. One end of the dustproof telescopic cover is fixedly connected to the inner side of one end of the U-shaped support seat 131 by bolts, and the other end is fixedly connected to one side wall of the h-shaped moving seat 134 by bolts. The length of the dustproof telescopic cover covers the distance between the two side walls of the U-shaped support seat 131. When the h-shaped moving seat 134 moves along the Z-axis direction, the dustproof telescopic cover can extend and retract accordingly, always enclosing the first threaded rod 132 and the first guide rod 133, preventing saliva, debris and dust in the air generated during oral examination from entering the interior of the Z-axis electric telescopic seat 13, contaminating the transmission components and affecting the transmission accuracy and service life.

[0043] like Figure 3 , Figure 4 As shown, the X-axis electric telescopic seat 14 is used to achieve precise telescopic adjustment of the multi-axis adjustable support mechanism 1 in the X-axis direction (i.e., the lateral direction perpendicular to the front and back of the patient's body), and also has an angle fine-tuning function to ensure that the Y-axis pneumatic lifting support mechanism 15 can accurately fit the position and angle of the patient's mouth, improving the stability and adaptability of the support. The X-axis electric telescopic seat 14 includes a telescopic arm 141, a second threaded rod 142, a second guide rod 143, an L-shaped mounting plate 144, a second servo motor 145, and an angle adjustment assembly (composed of an upper rod sleeve 146, a lower rod sleeve 147, an end plate 148, a hinge 149, a screw 1410, and a nut 1411). All components work together to achieve the dual functions of lateral telescopic extension and angle fine-tuning.

[0044] The L-shaped mounting plate 144 serves as the mounting base for the X-axis electric telescopic seat 14, used to fix the X-axis electric telescopic seat 14 to the h-shaped movable seat 134 of the Z-axis electric telescopic seat 13. The L-shaped mounting plate 144 is made of 304 stainless steel and is formed by bending and machining. Its vertical section has a height of 80-90mm, a width of 80-90mm, and a thickness of 8-10mm. Four through holes are provided on the vertical section, corresponding to the threaded holes at the top of the h-shaped movable seat 134. During assembly, four hexagonal socket head cap screws are threaded through these through holes and connected to the threaded holes of the h-shaped movable seat 134 to fix the L-shaped mounting plate 144 and the h-shaped movable seat 134 into one piece. The bolt specifications are the same as those of the bolts connecting the U-shaped support seat 131 and the connecting arm 12 to ensure a firm connection. The horizontal section of the L-shaped mounting plate 144 has a length of 200-220mm, a width of 60-70mm, and a thickness of 8-10mm. A bearing mounting hole is provided in the middle of the lower surface of the horizontal section for installing a deep groove ball bearing that supports the second threaded rod 142. A guide rod fixing hole is provided at the edge of the lower surface of the horizontal section for fixing the second guide rod 143.

[0045] The second threaded rod 142 is horizontally positioned below the horizontal section of the L-shaped mounting plate 144, distributed along the X-axis. Its structural parameters, material, and heat treatment process are consistent with the first threaded rod 132, namely, the material is 40Cr alloy steel, the nominal diameter of the trapezoidal thread is 20-24mm, the pitch is 4-5mm, and the hardness after surface quenching is HRC55-60. This ensures consistent adjustment accuracy and load-bearing capacity in the X-axis and Z-axis directions, facilitating standardized production and replacement maintenance of parts. One end of the second threaded rod 142 is rotatably connected to the bearing mounting hole of the horizontal section of the L-shaped mounting plate 144 via a deep groove ball bearing (also model 6205). The outer ring of the bearing is interference-fitted with the bearing mounting hole, and the inner ring is interference-fitted with the shaft end of the second threaded rod 142. The outer side of the bearing mounting hole is also sealed by an end cap to prevent impurities from entering. The other end of the second threaded rod 142 extends into the interior of the telescopic arm 141 and is threadedly connected to the telescopic arm 141 to achieve power transmission.

[0046] The second guide rod 143 is arranged parallel to the second threaded rod 142, located below the horizontal section of the L-shaped mounting plate 144, and spaced 40-50mm apart from the second threaded rod 142 in the width direction of the horizontal section. It provides guidance for the lateral movement of the telescopic arm 141, preventing the telescopic arm 141 from rotating or shifting under the influence of the second threaded rod 142. The material, diameter, and surface treatment of the second guide rod 143 are the same as those of the first guide rod 133: chrome-plated 45# steel, 15-18mm in diameter, and a surface roughness Ra≤0.4μm, ensuring stable guidance and wear resistance. One end of the second guide rod 143 is connected to the guide rod fixing hole of the horizontal section of the L-shaped mounting plate 144 via an interference fit, and the end is further fixed by welding to prevent axial movement; the other end passes through the end of the telescopic arm 141, extending into the interior of the telescopic arm 141 and fitting with it with a clearance fit.

[0047] The telescopic arm 141 is the moving part of the X-axis electric telescopic seat 14. It has a hollow cuboid structure and is made of aviation aluminum alloy (6061-T6). It is manufactured by extrusion molding and CNC machining and has the characteristics of light weight, high strength and good straightness. The telescopic arm 141 has a length of 250-300mm, a cross-sectional dimension of 50mm×40mm, and a wall thickness of 4-5mm. One end of the telescopic arm 141 near the L-shaped mounting plate 144 has an internal threaded hole that matches the thread of the second threaded rod 142. The depth of the internal threaded hole is 40-50mm. This hole engages with the second threaded rod 142 via a threaded connection. When the second threaded rod 142 rotates, it drives the telescopic arm 141 to move along the X-axis. The side of the telescopic arm 141 near the L-shaped mounting plate 144 also has a guide hole that matches the diameter of the second guide rod 143. The guide hole has a depth of 30-40mm and is clearance-fitted with the second guide rod 143 (clearance 0.02-0.05mm) to ensure the stability of the telescopic arm 141 during movement.

[0048] The telescopic boom 141 has two parallel reinforcing ribs along its length, each 3-4 mm thick, integrally formed with the inner wall of the boom. These ribs enhance the boom's bending and torsional strength, preventing bending or twisting deformation when bearing the weight of the Y-axis pneumatic lifting support mechanism 15. A circular connecting plate is welded to the end of the telescopic boom 141 furthest from the L-shaped mounting plate 144. The connecting plate has a diameter of 60-70 mm and a thickness of 8-10 mm. Its center is aligned with the axis of the boom 141. Four evenly distributed bolt holes are provided on the connecting plate for fixed connection with the upper sleeve 146 and lower sleeve 147 of the angle adjustment assembly.

[0049] The second servo motor 145 drives the second threaded rod 142 to rotate. Its model and parameters are the same as the first servo motor 135, namely a 60-series stepper servo motor with a rated power of 400-500W, a step angle of 1.8 degrees, and a minimum displacement accuracy of 0.00625mm after 64 microsteps, ensuring consistent adjustment accuracy in the X and Z axes and achieving precise multi-axis linkage. The second servo motor 145 is fixedly mounted on the upper surface of the horizontal section of the L-shaped mounting plate 144 via a motor mounting bracket. The structure of the motor mounting bracket is the same as that of the first servo motor 135, both being L-shaped and made of 304 stainless steel. It is securely connected to the L-shaped mounting plate 144 and the second servo motor 145 via bolts, ensuring a firm installation.

[0050] The output shaft of the second servo motor 145 is connected to one end of the second threaded rod 142 via a flexible coupling. The model and material of the flexible coupling are the same as those of the coupling connecting the first servo motor 135 and the first threaded rod 132, namely, an L-type polyurethane flexible coupling. It is fixed to the set screw by a key connection, which can compensate for the coaxiality error between the output shaft of the second servo motor 145 and the second threaded rod 142, reduce transmission vibration, and ensure transmission smoothness.

[0051] The angle adjustment component is used to fine-tune the angle of the Y-axis pneumatic lifting support mechanism 15 to adapt to the angle differences of different patients' oral cavity, ensuring that the lower H-shaped rod 151 and upper H-shaped rod 152 of the Y-axis pneumatic lifting support mechanism 15 can accurately fit the patient's lower and upper jaws. The angle adjustment component includes an upper rod sleeve 146, a lower rod sleeve 147, an end plate 148, a hinge 149, a screw 1410, and a nut 1411. Both the upper rod sleeve 146 and the lower rod sleeve 147 are cylindrical structures made of 304 stainless steel, with a diameter of 15-18mm and a length of 30-35mm. The upper rod sleeve 146 is fixedly installed on the top of the end connecting plate of the telescopic arm 141 by welding, and the lower rod sleeve 147 is fixedly installed on the bottom of the connecting plate by welding. The axes of the upper rod sleeve 146 and the lower rod sleeve 147 are parallel to each other and perpendicular to the length direction of the telescopic arm 141 (i.e., the X-axis direction), ensuring that the direction of angle adjustment is consistent with the opening and closing direction of the patient's oral cavity.

[0052] Preferably, there are two screws 1410, which are respectively inserted into the upper sleeve 146 and the lower sleeve 147. The screws 1410 are made of 40Cr alloy steel, with a diameter of 10-12mm and a length of 80-90mm. Both ends of the screws 1410 are machined with external threads of M10-M12 with a pitch of 1.5-2mm, for use in conjunction with nuts 1411 to achieve locking. There are four sets of nuts 1411, two in each set, made of 304 stainless steel, which are adapted to the threads of the screws 1410. The two nuts 1411 in each set are respectively fitted onto the screws 1410 and located on both sides of the upper sleeve 146 or the lower sleeve 147. After the screws 1410 are adjusted to the target position, tightening the nuts 1411 on both sides can fix the screws 1410 relative to the upper sleeve 146 or the lower sleeve 147, thereby achieving angle locking.

[0053] The end plate 148 is a rectangular plate structure made of 304 stainless steel, with a length of 100-110mm, a width of 60-70mm, and a thickness of 8-10mm. It is used to connect the screw 1410 to the arched tube 154 of the Y-axis pneumatic lifting support mechanism 15. The top and bottom of the end plate 148 are respectively provided with a hinge mounting groove. The width of the mounting groove is adapted to the width of the hinge 149, and the depth is 3-4mm. There are two hinges 149, which are fixedly installed in the mounting grooves at the top and bottom of the end plate 148 by bolts. The hinge 149 is a miniature hinge with a rotation range of 0-90 degrees. The movable end (chain shaft) of the hinge 149 is fixedly connected to the end of the screw 1410 away from the telescopic arm 141. Specifically, the end of the screw 1410 is provided with a keyway, which cooperates with the flat key on the chain shaft of the hinge 149 to achieve circumferential fixation. At the same time, the screw 1410 and the chain shaft are axially fixed by a set screw to ensure that the screw 1410 can rotate synchronously with the chain shaft of the hinge 149, thereby realizing the angle adjustment of the end plate 148 relative to the telescopic arm 141.

[0054] Schematic, the angle adjustment assembly also includes an angle dial (not shown in the figure). The angle dial is fixedly installed on the side of the end connecting plate of the telescopic arm 141 by welding. With the chain shaft of the hinge 149 as the center, the range is 0-30 degrees and the graduation value is 0.5 degrees. The dial is processed by white laser engraving. The numbers are marked along the rotation direction of the hinge 149 (clockwise). The height of the numbers is 2-3mm, and the spacing between adjacent numbers corresponds to 2 degree graduation lines. A metal pointer (made of 304 stainless steel, 8-10mm in length, and 0.5mm in tip width) is fixedly installed on the side of the end plate 148 by bolts. The tip of the pointer points to the center area of ​​the angle dial, and the perpendicularity error between the pointer and the end plate 148 is ≤0.5 degrees. This allows medical personnel to intuitively read the adjustment angle when adjusting the angle, improves the accuracy of the angle adjustment, and avoids poor contact between the Y-axis pneumatic lifting support mechanism 15 and the patient's oral cavity due to angle adjustment deviation.

[0055] In addition, the X-axis electric telescopic base 14 also includes a travel limit assembly to limit the lateral movement of the telescopic arm 141, preventing the second threaded rod 142 from disengaging from the telescopic arm 141 due to excessive movement, or from colliding and being damaged with other components. The travel limit assembly includes two limit switches and a limit stop. The limit switches are miniature normally closed limit switches, which are fixedly installed at both ends of the lower surface of the horizontal section of the L-shaped mounting plate 144 by mounting brackets. One corresponds to the maximum extension stroke of the telescopic arm 141, and the other corresponds to the maximum retraction stroke. The limit stop is a rectangular rubber block, which is fixedly installed on the side of the telescopic arm 141 near the end of the L-shaped mounting plate 144 by bolts. When the telescopic arm 141 moves to the limit position, the limit stop triggers the limit switch, and the limit switch sends a signal to control the second servo motor 145 to stop working, thereby achieving travel protection.

[0056] like Figure 4 , Figure 6 As shown, the Y-axis pneumatic lifting support mechanism 15 is the component in the multi-axis adjustable support mechanism 1 that directly contacts the patient's oral cavity. It is used to open and support the patient's oral cavity, and at the same time, the structural optimization improves the patient's comfort and support stability. The Y-axis pneumatic lifting support mechanism 15 includes a lower H-shaped rod 151, an upper H-shaped rod 152, a pneumatic push rod 153, an arched tube 154, and an air pump 155. All components work together to achieve stable opening of the oral cavity, precise force control, and comfortable support.

[0057] The lower H-shaped bar 151 and the upper H-shaped bar 152 are used to contact the patient's lower and upper gums, respectively, to provide support and open the oral cavity. Both are H-shaped structures made of medical-grade titanium alloy (model TC4), which has good biocompatibility, high strength, and light weight, avoiding metal irritation to the patient's oral cavity or instability due to excessive weight. The total length of the lower H-shaped bar 151 and the upper H-shaped bar 152 is 120-140mm, the diameter of the transverse bar is 10-12mm, and the length of the longitudinal bar is 40-50mm, with the same diameter as the transverse bar. All bar ends are rounded with a radius of 3-4mm to prevent sharp edges from scratching the patient's oral mucosa and improve safety. The lower H-shaped rod 151 has a hollow structure in both its transverse and longitudinal sections. The hollow inner diameter of the transverse rod is 10-12mm (to match the outer diameter of the trachea), and the hollow inner diameter of the longitudinal rod is 8-10mm. The hollow structure is formed by CNC drilling, and the inner wall roughness Ra≤1.6μm ensures that the trachea can pass through smoothly.

[0058] A cylindrical push rod fixing seat is integrally formed at the middle of the transverse rod of the lower H-shaped rod 151. The diameter of the fixing seat is 20-22mm and the height is 15-18mm. A threaded hole is opened in the center of the fixing seat for fixing the cylinder of the pneumatic push rod 153. A cylindrical push rod connecting seat is integrally formed at the middle of the transverse rod of the upper H-shaped rod 152. The diameter of the connecting seat is the same as that of the fixing seat and the height is 12-15mm. A threaded hole is opened in the center of the connecting seat for connecting the output shaft of the pneumatic push rod 153. This ensures that the pneumatic push rod 153 can drive the upper H-shaped rod 152 to rise and fall smoothly relative to the lower H-shaped rod 151 when the pneumatic push rod 153 extends and retracts, so as to realize the opening and closing of the oral cavity.

[0059] Preferably, the outer surfaces of both the lower H-shaped bar 151 and the upper H-shaped bar 152 are covered with a layer of medical-grade silicone rubber, with a thickness of 2-3 mm and a Shore hardness of 30-35 HA. This provides good elasticity and flexibility, reducing direct contact between the metal bar and the patient's gums and oral mucosa, preventing damage from cold stimulation or friction, while also increasing friction with the gums to prevent slippage during support and improve stability. Furthermore, the surface of the silicone rubber layer is processed with a grid-like anti-slip texture, with a spacing of 2-3 mm and a depth of 0.5-0.8 mm, further enhancing the anti-slip effect and facilitating the drainage of saliva in the oral cavity, preventing saliva accumulation at the support site from affecting the examination field of vision.

[0060] The pneumatic actuator 153 provides the power for opening the oral cavity, enabling the upper H-shaped rod 152 to move up and down relative to the lower H-shaped rod 151. The pneumatic actuator 153 is preferably a miniature double-acting pneumatic actuator with a cylinder diameter of 16-20mm, a stroke of 30-50mm, a working pressure range of 0.3-0.6MPa, a thrust of 80-120N, and a pull of 60-90N. This meets the oral cavity opening force requirements of different patients and operates without impact or with low noise (≤50dB), avoiding startling or discomfort to the patient. The bottom of the cylinder of the pneumatic actuator 153 is threaded to the threaded hole of the lower H-shaped rod 151 actuator mounting base via an external thread, and a sealing ring is used to seal the cylinder and mounting base to prevent air pressure leakage. The top of the output shaft of the pneumatic actuator 153 is threaded to the threaded hole of the upper H-shaped rod 152 actuator connecting base via an external thread, also sealed with a sealing ring to ensure a tight and secure connection.

[0061] The arched tube 154 is used to connect the lower H-shaped rod 151 to the end plate 148 of the X-axis electric telescopic seat 14, and at the same time provides a channel for the airway of the pneumatic push rod 153. The arched tube 154 has an overall arched structure and is made of medical-grade PVC plastic, which has good toughness and corrosion resistance. The inner diameter of the arched tube 154 is 15-18mm, the outer diameter is 20-22mm, the height of the arch is 80-90mm, and the length is 100-110mm. It can avoid the patient's face and avoid pressure on the patient's face, while ensuring that the lower H-shaped rod 151 and the upper H-shaped rod 152 can be accurately inserted into the patient's mouth.

[0062] One end of the arched tube 154 is fixedly connected to the longitudinal end of the lower H-shaped rod 151 by welding. The weld is sealed with medical-grade sealant to prevent saliva from seeping into the interior of the arched tube 154. The other end of the arched tube 154 is fixedly connected to the end plate 148 of the X-axis electric telescopic seat 14 by four bolts. The end plate 148 has through holes corresponding to the bolt holes at the end of the arched tube 154. The bolts are M6-M8 in size and 20-25mm in length to ensure a secure connection. In addition, a drain port with a diameter of 8-10mm is provided at the bottom of the arched tube 154 near the end plate 148 to drain any saliva that may have seeped into the arched tube 154, preventing saliva accumulation from affecting the normal operation of the trachea.

[0063] Air pump 155 provides compressed air to pneumatic actuator 153 and is the power source for the pneumatic system. Air pump 155 is preferably a miniature silent air pump, with the preferred model being FESTOVADMI-300. Air pump 155 is fixedly mounted under the seat of the dental chair using a mounting bracket. The mounting bracket is fixedly connected to the metal frame at the bottom of the chair seat using four expansion bolts to ensure that air pump 155 will not vibrate or shift during operation. The air pump 155's inlet and outlet are connected to an electromagnetic reversing valve (specifically model SMCSY5120-5LZD-01) via air tubing. This electromagnetic reversing valve is fixedly mounted on the metal frame below the treatment chair seat on the same side as the air pump 155 using a dedicated mounting bracket (made of 304 stainless steel, dimensions 80mm×60mm×5mm). The fixing distance between the mounting bracket and the treatment chair frame is 100-120mm. The electromagnetic reversing valve has a rated voltage of 24VDC and a working pressure range of 0.1-1.0MPa, and is used to control the pneumatic push rod 15. 3. Extension and retraction: The air inlet of the electromagnetic reversing valve is connected to the air outlet of the air pump 155 through an air pipe. The two working ports of the electromagnetic reversing valve are connected to the rodless chamber and the rod chamber of the pneumatic push rod 153 through air pipes, respectively. When the electromagnetic reversing valve is energized, the compressed air output by the air pump 155 enters the rodless chamber of the pneumatic push rod 153, pushing the output shaft to extend and causing the upper H-shaped rod 152 to rise, thus opening the patient's mouth. When the electromagnetic reversing valve is de-energized, the compressed air enters the rod chamber of the pneumatic push rod 153, pushing the output shaft to retract and causing the upper H-shaped rod 152 to descend, thus releasing the patient's mouth.

[0064] In addition, preferably, the Y-axis pneumatic lifting support mechanism 15 also includes a pneumatic controller (not shown in the figure). The pneumatic controller is installed on the air pipe between the electromagnetic reversing valve and the arched pipe 154. It is a precision mechanical pneumatic controller with an adjustment range of 0.1-0.8MPa and an accuracy of ±0.02MPa. It is used to control the extension stroke and pushing pressure of the pneumatic push rod 153. Medical personnel can adjust the working pressure of the pneumatic push rod 153 by rotating the adjustment knob of the pneumatic controller according to the size of the patient's oral cavity and tolerance. This controls the supporting force of the lower H-shaped rod 151 and the upper H-shaped rod 152 on the patient's oral cavity, ensuring that the supporting force is moderate. It can stably open the oral cavity without causing excessive pressure on the patient's oral cavity and causing discomfort.

[0065] Non-limitingly, the air pipes of the Y-axis pneumatic lifting support mechanism 15 are all made of medical-grade PU tubing with an inner diameter of 6-8mm and an outer diameter of 10-12mm, possessing good flexibility and corrosion resistance. The air pipe arrangement path is as follows: starting from the inlet and outlet ends of the air pump 155, it sequentially connects to the electromagnetic reversing valve and the air pressure controller, then passes through the hollow interior of the lower H-shaped rod 151, that is, both the horizontal and vertical rods of the lower H-shaped rod 151 are hollow structures, enters the interior of the arched tube 154, and finally connects with the air... The air inlet and outlet ports of the push rod 153 are connected. The air tube is fixed inside the hollow lower H-shaped rod 151 by medical-grade silicone clips at intervals of 30-40mm. The clips are engaged with the hollow inner wall of the lower H-shaped rod 151 by interference fit to prevent the air tube from shifting or rubbing against the hollow inner wall during device operation. This built-in air tube arrangement can protect the air tube from damage and avoid the air tube being exposed to the outside, which will affect the operation, making the overall structure of the device more compact.

[0066] The method of using the multi-axis adjustable support device for oral medical examination described above is as follows: 1. Device Installation and Initial Fixation. Place the bushing of the multi-axis adjustable support mechanism onto the robotic arm of the dental chair. Utilizing the smooth operation of the inner ring damping bearing of the bushing, rotate the bushing to approximately face the patient's mouth, precisely positioning it according to the angle scale lines (0-360 degrees) on the outer circumference of the bushing. Tighten the radial locking bolt on the bushing to push the arc-shaped locking block tightly against the robotic arm, completing the bushing angle lock and preventing displacement during use. Adjust the pitch angle (0-90 degrees) of the connecting arm via the damping pivot to adapt to the patient's sitting or lying examination position, ensuring smooth alignment of subsequent components with the oral cavity.

[0067] 2. Precise positioning in the Z and X axes. Activate the first servo motor of the Z-axis electric telescopic seat, driving the first threaded rod to extend and retract the h-shaped moving seat along the Z-axis (the patient's anterior-posterior direction). Adjust the longitudinal distance between the support mechanism and the patient's oral cavity using the length scale lines on the connecting arm. Activate the second servo motor of the X-axis electric telescopic seat, driving the second threaded rod to extend and retract the telescopic arm along the X-axis (the patient's lateral direction). Excessive movement is prevented by the stroke limit component, ensuring the Y-axis pneumatic lifting support mechanism is aligned directly in front of the patient's oral cavity.

[0068] 3. Angle Fine-tuning and Oral Cavity Opening. Adjust the X-axis angle adjustment assembly: Loosen the nuts on both sides of the upper / lower rod sleeves, and rotate the end plate via the screw and hinge. Fine-tune the direction using the angle scale (0-30 degrees) to ensure that the lower and upper H-shaped rods accurately fit the patient's lower and upper jaws. Tighten the nuts to lock the angle. Turn on the air pump under the chair seat and control the pneumatic push rod through the electromagnetic reversing valve. Rotate the air pressure controller (adjustment range 0.1-0.8MPa) and adjust the thrust (80-120N) according to the patient's oral cavity size and tolerance to push the upper H-shaped rod upward and smoothly open the oral cavity. Check the support stability: Confirm that the silicone coating layer fits tightly to the jawbone without slippage, that the arched tube avoids pressure on the patient's face, and that saliva can drain through the arched tube outlet without affecting the examination field of view.

[0069] 4. Adjustment during inspection and reset at the end. If position adjustments are needed during inspection, repeat steps 2-3 to adjust the Z-axis and X-axis extension / retraction individually or in conjunction, or fine-tune the angle components without disassembling the device again. After inspection, turn off the air pump, de-energize the solenoid reversing valve to retract the pneumatic push rod, and lower the upper H-shaped rod to release the oral cavity. Loosen the locking bolts and angle locking nuts, reset each axis extension / retraction component, remove the bushings or leave them in the installed state (removable design), and clean any residual saliva from the silicone coating surface.

[0070] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The embodiments and descriptions in the specification are merely illustrative of the principles of the invention. Various changes and modifications can be made to the invention without departing from its spirit and scope, and all such changes and modifications fall within the scope of protection claimed by the present invention. The scope of protection of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A multi-axis adjustable support device for oral medical examinations, comprising a multi-axis adjustable support mechanism (1) and an oral comprehensive treatment chair, characterized in that, The multi-axis adjustable support mechanism (1) includes a bushing (11), a connecting arm (12), a Z-axis electric telescopic seat (13), an X-axis electric telescopic seat (14), and a Y-axis pneumatic lifting support mechanism (15). The bushing (11) is sleeved on the mechanical arm of the dental chair. The bushing (11), connecting arm (12), Z-axis electric telescopic seat (13), X-axis electric telescopic seat (14), and Y-axis pneumatic lifting support mechanism (15) are connected in sequence along the force transmission direction.

2. The multi-axis adjustable support device for oral medical examination according to claim 1, characterized in that, The bushing (11) is a cylindrical structure with an annular mounting groove on its inner circumferential wall. A damping bearing is fixedly installed in the annular mounting groove. The outer circumferential wall of the bushing (11) is provided with a connecting lug and a radial threaded hole. A locking bolt is threaded into the radial threaded hole, and an arc-shaped locking block is fixedly connected to the inner end of the locking bolt.

3. The multi-axis adjustable support device for oral medical examination according to claim 2, characterized in that, One end of the connecting arm (12) is provided with a U-shaped connecting seat. The U-shaped connecting seat is rotatably connected to the connecting lug of the bushing (11) through a damping rotating shaft. The other end of the connecting arm (12) is provided with a rectangular mounting plate. The main body of the connecting arm (12) is a hollow rectangular tube structure. The side wall is engraved with length scale lines and the surface is sprayed with a medical-grade antibacterial coating.

4. The multi-axis adjustable support device for oral medical examination according to claim 3, characterized in that, The Z-axis electric telescopic seat (13) includes a U-shaped support seat (131), a first threaded rod (132), a first guide rod (133), an h-shaped moving seat (134), and a first servo motor (135). The first threaded rod (132) and the first guide rod (133) are arranged parallel to each other between the two side walls of the U-shaped support seat (131). The h-shaped moving seat (134) is threadedly connected to the first threaded rod (132) and clearance-fitted with the first guide rod (133). The first servo motor (135) is connected to the first threaded rod (132) through an elastic coupling.

5. The multi-axis adjustable support device for oral medical examination according to claim 4, characterized in that, The Z-axis electric telescopic seat (13) also includes a dustproof telescopic cover. One end of the dustproof telescopic cover is fixedly connected to the U-shaped support seat (131), and the other end is fixedly connected to the h-shaped moving seat (134). The dustproof telescopic cover encloses the first threaded rod (132) and the first guide rod (133).

6. The multi-axis adjustable support device for oral medical examination according to claim 5, characterized in that, The X-axis electric telescopic seat (14) includes a telescopic arm (141), a second threaded rod (142), a second guide rod (143), an L-shaped mounting plate (144), a second servo motor (145), and an angle adjustment assembly. The angle adjustment assembly includes an upper rod sleeve (146), a lower rod sleeve (147), an end plate (148), a hinge (149), a screw (1410), and a nut (1411). The upper rod sleeve (146) and the lower rod sleeve (147) are fixed to the end connecting plate of the telescopic arm (141). The screw (1410) passes through the rod sleeve and is locked by the nut (1411). The screw (1410) is connected to the end plate (148) through the hinge (149).

7. The multi-axis adjustable support device for oral medical examination according to claim 6, characterized in that, The X-axis electric telescopic seat (14) also includes a travel limit assembly, which includes two travel switches and a limit block. The two travel switches are respectively installed at both ends of the lower surface of the horizontal section of the L-shaped mounting plate (144), and the limit block is installed on the side of the telescopic arm (141).

8. The multi-axis adjustable support device for oral medical examination according to claim 7, characterized in that, The Y-axis pneumatic lifting support mechanism (15) includes a lower H-shaped rod (151), an upper H-shaped rod (152), a pneumatic push rod (153), an arched tube (154), and an air pump (155). The lower H-shaped rod (151) and the upper H-shaped rod (152) are both H-shaped structures and their outer surfaces are covered with a silicone coating layer. The cylinder of the pneumatic push rod (153) is fixedly connected to the lower H-shaped rod (151), and the output shaft is fixedly connected to the upper H-shaped rod (152). One end of the arched tube (154) is connected to the lower H-shaped rod (151), and the other end is connected to the end plate (148) of the X-axis electric telescopic seat (14).

9. The multi-axis adjustable support device for oral medical examination according to claim 8, characterized in that, The Y-axis pneumatic lifting support mechanism (15) also includes a pneumatic controller and an electromagnetic reversing valve. The pneumatic controller is installed on the air pipe between the electromagnetic reversing valve and the arched pipe (154). The electromagnetic reversing valve is connected to the air pump (155) and the pneumatic push rod (153) through the air pipe respectively.

10. The multi-axis adjustable support device for oral medical examination according to claim 8, characterized in that, The trachea is made of medical-grade PU tubing. The trachea passes through the hollow interior of the lower H-shaped rod (151) and the interior of the arched tube (154) in sequence. The trachea is fixed at intervals in the hollow interior of the lower H-shaped rod (151) by medical-grade silicone clips.

Images