A method for reinforcing slopes using smart anchors

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of geotechnical engineering and slope stability technology, specifically to an anchor bolt, a smart anchor bolt, and a slope reinforcement method using smart anchor bolts. The method includes: S1 construction preparation, S2 primary mechanical anchoring, S3 chemical reinforcement, and S4 intelligent control. Compared with existing devices, the slope reinforcement method of this invention adds temperature and humidity monitoring and active control functions with resistance heating. It can assess the changes in water content at different parts of the slope and implement local heating and drainage in high-risk areas, thereby effectively eliminating hidden dangers before landslides occur. This achieves a three-in-one slope reinforcement method integrating mechanical anchoring, chemical reinforcement, and remote monitoring. Furthermore, the construction is simple, and the monitoring and control functions are integrated into a single anchor bolt structure, facilitating widespread application.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of geotechnical engineering and slope stability technology, specifically to a comprehensive device for slope reinforcement and intelligent protection in the Loess Plateau region, and particularly to anchor bolts, smart anchor bolts, and methods for slope reinforcement using smart anchor bolts. Background Technology

[0002] Loess regions are characterized by poor engineering properties such as collapsibility, disintegration, and high porosity. When loess comes into contact with water, its structure is prone to softening and collapse. Under conditions such as rainfall, rising groundwater, or surface water infiltration, the water content increases rapidly, which can easily trigger geological disasters such as landslides and collapses.

[0003] Existing loess slope reinforcement technologies mostly rely on mechanical anchoring and grouting chemical reinforcement, such as using expansive reactive materials to form embedded structures to enhance the shear strength of the slope.

[0004] The existing technology has the following shortcomings:

[0005] 1. Passive monitoring: Most devices only issue warnings after displacement or strain reaches a certain value, and cannot intervene in advance;

[0006] 2. Lack of moisture regulation: One of the fundamental causes of loess instability is excessive moisture content, but existing reinforcement technologies rarely integrate active drainage or moisture content regulation functions.

[0007] 3. Limited information collection: Traditional anchor reinforcement systems mostly collect strain data and cannot simultaneously obtain soil temperature and humidity information, thus limiting the accuracy of risk assessment. Summary of the Invention

[0008] This invention provides anchor bolts, smart anchor bolts, and slope reinforcement methods using smart anchor bolts to address the problem of low protection effectiveness of existing anchor bolts. To provide a basic understanding of some aspects of the disclosed embodiments, a brief summary is given below. This summary is not intended as a general commentary, nor is it intended to identify key / important components or describe the scope of protection of these embodiments. Its sole purpose is to present some concepts in a simple form as a prelude to the detailed description that follows.

[0009] According to a first aspect of the present invention, an anchor bolt includes:

[0010] Anchor bolt body;

[0011] A drill bit for inserting into the soil is provided at the end of the anchor bolt body;

[0012] A detachable sleeve is provided on the outside of the anchor bolt body to protect the internal mechanism;

[0013] A plurality of barbed support rods for mechanical fastening are evenly arranged on the anchor bolt body;

[0014] The anchor bolt body is internally equipped with a partition that divides the interior of the anchor bolt body into a storage bin A for storing the first material and a storage bin B for storing the second material.

[0015] Based on the above scheme, the barb support rod is an elastic support arm structure, and the elastic support arm structure is equipped with a pre-tensioning spring.

[0016] Based on the above scheme, the length direction of the partition plate is the same as the axial direction of the anchor bolt body.

[0017] Based on the above scheme, it also includes: several grout outlet holes are opened on the anchor rod body.

[0018] Based on the above scheme, after removing the partition, the two materials in silos A and B react to generate an expanding mixture, which is released into the surrounding soil gaps through the slurry outlet.

[0019] According to a second aspect of the present invention, a smart anchor bolt, based on the anchor bolt, includes:

[0020] A TDR sensor for measuring the temperature and moisture content of the soil in the anchoring area is installed at the tip of the barbed support rod.

[0021] Several resistance blocks for localized heating are installed on the anchor bolt body in the area near bins A and B.

[0022] The anchor bolt body end is equipped with a microcontroller control system for driving a stepper motor to adjust the resistance value of the sliding rheostat to control the heat generation of the resistor block, a battery for power supply, and a WIFI receiver for receiving data collected by the TDR sensor.

[0023] Strain gauges on the anchor body for monitoring the strain state of the slope;

[0024] And a remote monitoring platform for receiving monitoring data to perform stress and moisture content analysis and thus start heating and drainage.

[0025] According to a third aspect of the present invention, a method for reinforcing a slope using the smart anchor, the method comprising the following steps:

[0026] S1. Construction Preparation:

[0027] Ground-penetrating radar scanning was used to determine the structural characteristics of the slope, the anchor bolt arrangement scheme, and the material ratio and usage parameters.

[0028] Calibrate all TDR sensors and strain gauges, initialize the microcontroller control system parameters, and set the moisture content threshold. And stress threshold σc, to test the communication function of the WIFI receiver;

[0029] S2, Primary mechanical anchoring;

[0030] S3, Chemical reinforcement:

[0031] Remove the partition plate, and the materials in bins A and B will mix and react to generate an expanded mixture. Monitor the reaction progress of the expanded mixture and control the release rate of the slurry outlet.

[0032] S4, Intelligent Control:

[0033] The TDR sensor was activated for continuous monitoring, the strain gauge entered working condition, the heating function of the resistance block was verified, the stepper motor adjustment response was tested, the travel of the sliding rheostat was checked to ensure precise control of the heating temperature, real-time temperature, humidity, and stress data were collected, and the slope condition assessment was updated. If the humidity exceeded the moisture content threshold... When heating is turned on, a temperature warning will be activated if the temperature becomes too concentrated.

[0034] Based on the above scheme, the steps for S2 primary mechanical anchoring specifically include:

[0035] S21. Use a drill bit to guide the anchor bolt body into the designed depth, keep the detachable sleeve in the locked state, and verify the verticality and insertion depth of the anchor bolt.

[0036] S22. Perform mechanical embedding, and extract the detachable sleeve in stages to allow the barbed support rod to unfold elastically in stages.

[0037] S23. Real-time monitoring of deployment angle and preload.

[0038] Based on the above scheme, S4, intelligent control: The TDR sensor is activated for continuous monitoring; the strain gauge enters working mode; the heating function of the resistance block is verified; the stepper motor adjustment response is tested; the sliding rheostat stroke is checked to achieve precise control of the heating temperature; real-time temperature, humidity, and stress data are collected; the slope condition assessment is updated; and if the humidity exceeds the moisture content threshold... When heating is turned on, a temperature warning will be activated when the temperature of the heating zone is significantly higher than that of the surrounding soil area and the temperature difference exceeds the set threshold.

[0039] The temperature early warning method includes a temperature gradient criterion and a stress-humidity coupling criterion, and an early warning is triggered when the following conditions are met:

[0040] (1)

[0041] (2)

[0042] in, For temperature gradient; T g Preset a temperature threshold (temperature gradient trigger warning formula); θ represents the equivalent principal stress; θ represents the temperature; ω represents the moisture content; the function f(θ, ω) is obtained by fitting historical data using an AI algorithm.

[0043] Based on the above scheme, S4, intelligent control: The TDR sensor is activated for continuous monitoring; the strain gauge enters working mode; the heating function of the resistance block is verified; the stepper motor adjustment response is tested; the sliding rheostat stroke is checked to achieve precise control of the heating temperature; real-time temperature, humidity, and stress data are collected; the slope condition assessment is updated; and if the humidity exceeds the moisture content threshold... The step of activating a temperature warning when heating is turned on and excessive temperature concentration occurs, specifically including the following humidity warning method:

[0044] The process of soil moisture migration satisfies the following equation:

[0045] (3)

[0046] Where D is the moisture diffusion coefficient, β is the effect factor of temperature on evaporation rate, T0 is the reference temperature, and t is time.

[0047] (4)

[0048] in, This represents the moisture content threshold.

[0049] When the moisture content threshold is exceeded At that time, the system will trigger an early warning of instability risk.

[0050] The technical solutions provided by the embodiments of the present invention have the following beneficial effects:

[0051] This invention, based on traditional mechanical-chemical synergistic reinforcement, adds temperature and humidity monitoring and active resistance heating control functions. It can assess the changes in moisture content at different parts of the slope in real time and implement local heating and drainage in high-risk areas, thereby effectively eliminating hidden dangers before landslides occur. It can simultaneously acquire strain and temperature and humidity data, providing more comprehensive monitoring information. It can automatically implement drainage intervention in the early stage of risk formation, reducing the probability of instability. When freezing occurs, it can prevent slope deformation caused by freeze-thaw cycles by heating the conductor, reducing the probability of instability. It realizes a comprehensive reinforcement solution integrating mechanical anchoring, chemical reinforcement, and remote monitoring. At the same time, it is easy to construct, and the monitoring and control functions are integrated into a single anchor structure, making it easy to promote and apply.

[0052] It should be understood that the above general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only, and are not intended to limit the invention. Attached Figure Description

[0053] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and form part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the invention.

[0054] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an anchor bolt according to an exemplary embodiment (showing the anchor bolt body).

[0055] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an anchor bolt according to an exemplary embodiment;

[0056] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a smart anchor according to an exemplary embodiment (showing the barbed support rod in the deployed state).

[0057] Figure 4 This is a structural schematic diagram of a smart anchor (showing a partition) according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0058] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a smart anchor bolt according to an exemplary embodiment (showing the grout outlet).

[0059] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a smart anchor according to an exemplary embodiment (showing a WIFI receiver and a battery).

[0060] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a smart anchor (showing a resistor block) according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0061] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a smart anchor according to an exemplary embodiment (showing resistor output and resistor input).

[0062] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the connection relationship between a stepper motor and a resistor block according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0063] Figure 10 This is a control principle diagram of a sliding rheostat shown according to an exemplary embodiment;

[0064] Figure 11 This is a circuit diagram of a smart anchor rod according to an exemplary embodiment (showing the principle of activating heating evaporation and early warning when humidity is too high). Detailed Implementation

[0065] The following description and accompanying drawings fully illustrate specific embodiments described herein to enable those skilled in the art to practice them. Some embodiments may include or substitute parts and features of other embodiments. The scope of the embodiments herein encompasses the entire scope of the claims and all available equivalents thereof. Throughout this document, the terms “first,” “second,” etc., are used only to distinguish one element from another without requiring or implying any actual relationship or order between the elements. Indeed, a first element can also be referred to as a second element, and vice versa. Furthermore, the terms “comprising,” “including,” or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a structure, apparatus, or device that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a structure, apparatus, or device. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase “comprising one…” does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the structure, apparatus, or device that includes said element. The various embodiments described herein are presented in a progressive manner, with each embodiment focusing on its differences from other embodiments; similar or identical parts between embodiments can be referred to interchangeably.

[0066] The terms "longitudinal," "lateral," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," and "outer" used in this document to indicate orientations or positional relationships are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used solely for the convenience of describing the document and for simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the invention. In the description herein, unless otherwise specified and limited, the terms "installed," "connected," and "linked" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to mechanical or electrical connections, or internal connections between two elements; they can be direct connections or indirect connections through an intermediate medium. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms according to the specific circumstances.

[0067] In this document, unless otherwise stated, the term "multiple" means two or more.

[0068] In this article, the character " / " indicates that the objects before and after it are in an "or" relationship. For example, A / B means: A or B.

[0069] In this article, the term "and / or" describes an association between objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B means: A or B, or A and B.

[0070] Where there is no conflict, the embodiments and features in the embodiments of the present invention can be combined with each other.

[0071] Example 1

[0072] Figures 1-2 An embodiment of the anchor bolt of the present invention is shown.

[0073] The anchor bolt includes:

[0074] Anchor bolt body 1;

[0075] A drill bit 2 for inserting into the soil is provided at the end of the anchor body 1;

[0076] A detachable sleeve 3 is provided on the outside of the anchor body 1 to protect the internal mechanism;

[0077] Several barbed support rods 4 are evenly arranged on the anchor body 1 for mechanical embedding. The anchor body 1 is a hollow structure with two through ends, and adopts an integrated prefabricated design to ensure overall strength and ease of construction. The drill head 2 at the front end is a conical or cylindrical structure, specifically used to assist the anchor in smoothly penetrating the soil. The detachable sleeve 3 of the outer sleeve protects the internal mechanism during the anchor insertion process and can be removed by axial sliding after the anchor is in place.

[0078] After the detachable sleeve 3 is removed, the key mechanical anchoring component, the barbed support rod 4, immediately comes into play. After being released from the constraint of the detachable sleeve 3, the support rod 4 automatically springs open radially, forcefully pressing against the loess slope soil to form a reliable primary mechanical anchoring structure. When the support rod 4 springs open radially, its extension direction is opposite to the direction in which the drill bit 2 is inserted into the soil.

[0079] Specifically, such as Figure 3 As shown, the barbed support rod 4 is an elastic support arm structure with a pre-tensioned spring inside. After the detachable sleeve 3 is pulled out, it can automatically spring open and anchor itself in the soil. Combined with the chemical reinforcement layer formed by the expansion reaction of materials A / B, it achieves a triple reinforcement effect of mechanical-chemical-intelligent control. This design significantly improves the mechanical interlocking force and pull-out resistance between the anchor rod and the soil.

[0080] like Figure 2 As shown, in one specific embodiment, the anchor bolt body 1 is internally provided with a partition 5 that divides the interior of the anchor bolt body 1 into a storage bin A 6 for storing the first material and a storage bin B 7 for storing the second material. Figure 4 As shown, in a preferred embodiment, the partition 5 is arranged along the axial direction of the anchor body 1, so that the partition 5 can be easily pulled out from the anchor body 1 during use.

[0081] Therefore, the anchor rod also includes: several grout outlet holes 8 are also provided on the anchor rod body 1.

[0082] After removing the partition 5, the two chemical components in silos A 6 and B 7 react to form an expanding mixture, which is released into the surrounding soil cracks through the grout outlet 8, forming a secondary chemical reinforcement. This process achieves a secondary chemical reinforcement effect, forming a synergistic enhancement effect with mechanical anchoring.

[0083] Example 2

[0084] like Figures 5-8 As shown, based on the anchor bolt of Embodiment 1, the present invention also provides an embodiment of a smart anchor bolt.

[0085] The smart anchor bolt includes:

[0086] A TDR sensor 14 for measuring the temperature and moisture content of the soil in the anchoring area is provided at the tip of the barbed support rod 4.

[0087] Several resistor blocks 15 are arranged on the anchor body 1 in the area near the A hopper 6 and the B hopper 7;

[0088] The anchor body 1 is equipped with a single-chip microcomputer control system 18 for driving the stepper motor 18-1 to adjust the resistance value of the sliding rheostat to control the heat generation of the resistor block 15, a battery 13 for power supply, and a WIFI receiver 12 for receiving data collected by the TDR sensor 14.

[0089] Strain gauge 10 is used on the anchor body 1 to monitor the strain state of the slope.

[0090] Specifically, a TDR sensor 14 is integrated at the tip of the barbed support rod 4 to measure the temperature and moisture content of the soil in the anchoring area. Resistor blocks 15 are installed in the adjacent areas of silos A 6 and B 7, and connected to a 51 microcontroller control system 18 via two resistor output lines 16 and two resistor input lines 17. The microcontroller control system 18 drives a stepper motor 18-1 to adjust the resistance value of the sliding rheostat, thereby controlling the heat generated by the resistor blocks 15 and achieving localized heating and drainage of the high moisture content area. The introduction of materials A and B reduces the original grouting process and minimizes secondary disturbance to the soil.

[0091] Data from strain gauge 10 and TDR sensor 14 are transmitted to WIFI receiver 12 via wire 11 and powered by replaceable battery 13; monitoring data is uploaded to remote monitoring platform via wireless network, where AI module comprehensively analyzes stress and moisture content change trends, and determines when the moisture content of a certain area exceeds a set threshold. When the threshold for starting heating is set (the threshold can be manually set according to different soil structures and different regions), the heating and drainage program will be automatically started.

[0092] In the above scheme, a resistor block 15 is specially arranged as a heating element in the area adjacent to silos A 6 and B 7. It is connected to the core control unit—the 51 microcontroller control system 18—through two resistor output lines 16 and two resistor input lines 17. The system adjusts the resistance value of the sliding rheostat by precisely controlling the stepper motor 18-1, thereby achieving precise control of the heat generated by the resistor block 15.

[0093] In the above scheme, the 51 microcontroller control system 18 has an AI data analysis module, which can calculate the water content distribution of different parts of the slope based on real-time monitoring data, and automatically drive the resistor block 15 to heat and drain water to reduce the moisture in the high water content area, thereby improving the slope stability.

[0094] In the above scheme, the WIFI receiver 12 uploads information to the host computer. By combining AI and random forest model with climate, when the soil moisture content is high, the anchor rods in the vicinity are heated to evaporate the moisture; when the temperature is low and close to 0 degrees, the microcontroller controls the stepper motor 18-1 in combination with the planetary gear 19-4 to change the resistance value of the sliding rheostat 19, so as to achieve precise control of the heating temperature, avoid slope deformation caused by freeze-thaw, and thus prevent the instability of the loess slope.

[0095] This invention provides a specific implementation method for intelligent temperature and humidity control.

[0096] The active heating system can locally heat and drain areas with high moisture content based on monitoring data. Its working principle is based on the heat formula Q=I²Rt, and the heat output Q is controlled by adjusting the resistance value R. When the moisture content of a certain area exceeds the safety threshold, the system automatically starts the heating program to promote soil moisture evaporation and reduce pore water pressure.

[0097] In the implementation of this invention, the single-chip microcomputer control system 18 not only controls the temperature through the traditional resistance heating formula Q=I²Rt, but also dynamically regulates the heat distribution by combining the soil thermal-humid coupling mechanism.

[0098] (1) Temperature control formula

[0099] Introducing a temperature change control model:

[0100] Formula for the heat released by resistance heating:

[0101] (5)

[0102] Where: Q is the heat released by resistance heating; I is the current intensity through the circuit; t is the time the current passes through the resistor; R is the resistance of the resistor; m is the mass of the soil within the heating influence range; c is the specific heat capacity of the soil; ΔT is the temperature rise range; λ is the latent heat of vaporization of a unit of water; Δω is the decrease in soil moisture content.

[0103] This indicates that the released heat is used not only to raise the temperature but also to evaporate soil moisture, making the model more accurate.

[0104] Slope temperature field prediction formula:

[0105] (6)

[0106] Where α is the thermal conductivity of the soil, ρ is the density of the soil, and T is the temperature.

[0107] This introduces heat conduction control, which can be used for intelligent prediction.

[0108] The released electrical heat is used to both raise the soil temperature and evaporate moisture, thus more realistically reflecting the soil heating and drainage process.

[0109] (2) Early warning methods

[0110] 1) Temperature gradient threshold method:

[0111] when When this occurs, it indicates the presence of an abnormally concentrated temperature area (prone to frost heave or stress concentration), triggering an early warning.

[0112] 2) Stress-temperature-humidity coupling criterion:

[0113] When detected When the threshold is exceeded, the system automatically triggers an alarm and activates active heating.

[0114] (3) Humidity control formula

[0115] The process of soil moisture migration satisfies the following equation:

[0116] (3)

[0117] Where D is the moisture diffusion coefficient, β is the effect factor of temperature on evaporation rate, T0 is the reference temperature, and t is time.

[0118] (4)

[0119] in, This represents the moisture content threshold.

[0120] When the moisture content threshold is exceeded At that time, the system will trigger an early warning of instability risk.

[0121] 1) The control equation for water migration (3) shows that the rate of water migration and evaporation in soil increases with temperature.

[0122] 2) Early warning criterion (4): When the moisture content threshold is exceeded When this occurs, it indicates a rapid increase in soil moisture content, suggesting short-term heavy rainfall or a sudden increase in groundwater, triggering an early warning system.

[0123] Through the above methods, this invention achieves integrated functions of temperature field control, moisture migration prediction, and AI intelligent early warning on the basis of traditional mechanical-chemical reinforcement, enabling smart anchor bolts to have higher precision and stronger active protection capabilities.

[0124] This device is suitable for long-term stability protection of loess slopes and can achieve all-weather monitoring and active intervention without affecting the normal use of the slope.

[0125] Example 3

[0126] Based on the smart anchor bolt of Embodiment 2, the present invention also provides a specific implementation scheme for a method of reinforcing slopes using the smart anchor bolt. The method includes the following steps:

[0127] S1. Construction Preparation

[0128] Ground-penetrating radar scanning was used to determine the structural characteristics of the slope, the anchor bolt arrangement scheme, and the A / B material ratio and usage parameters.

[0129] Calibrate all TDR sensors 14 and strain gauges 10, initialize the parameters of the 51 microcontroller control system 18, and set the moisture content threshold. and equivalent principal stress σ eq Test the communication function of WIFI receiver 12;

[0130] S2, Primary Mechanical Anchoring

[0131] First, during the anchor bolt insertion operation, the drill bit 2 is used to guide the anchor bolt body 1 to penetrate to the designed depth, while keeping the detachable sleeve 3 in a locked state, to verify the verticality and insertion depth of the anchor bolt.

[0132] Then, mechanical embedding is performed, and the detachable sleeve 3 barbed support rod 4 is extracted in stages and elastically unfolded in stages.

[0133] Finally, the deployment angle and preload are monitored in real time;

[0134] S3, Chemical reinforcement

[0135] The materials in hoppers A and B are mixed after the partition 5 is removed, and an expanded mixture is generated by the reaction. The reaction progress of the expanded mixture is monitored and the release rate of the slurry outlet 8 is controlled.

[0136] S4, Intelligent Control

[0137] TDR sensor 14 is activated for continuous monitoring, strain gauge 10 enters working state, heating function of resistor block 15 is verified, adjustment response of stepper motor 18-1 is tested, and the stroke of sliding rheostat 19 is checked to achieve precise control of heating temperature. Temperature, humidity and stress data are collected in real time, and slope condition assessment is updated every 15 minutes. A graded response mechanism is set: temperature warning, humidity warning, and warning when humidity exceeds the moisture content threshold. When heating is turned on, a temperature warning will be activated when the temperature of the heating zone is significantly higher than that of the surrounding soil area and the temperature difference exceeds the set threshold.

[0138] Specifically, it includes:

[0139] Furthermore, this invention also proposes a differentiated instability risk early warning method, including two early warning mechanisms:

[0140] Temperature gradient early warning method: When the rate of change of the local temperature field is detected... Exceeding the set threshold T g When the system detects a temperature concentration phenomenon, which is likely to induce local thermal stress concentration, it immediately triggers an early warning.

[0141] Stress-temperature-humidity coupling criterion: when the equivalent stress σ eq When the slope stability exceeds 90% of the limit function f(θ,ω) obtained by the AI ​​model training, it indicates that the slope stability is insufficient under the current temperature and moisture content conditions, and the system enters an active intervention state.

[0142] In terms of humidity control, the system monitors the soil moisture content through TDR sensor 14 and describes the diffusion and evaporation of moisture in the soil using the moisture migration equation (3). When the rate of increase in moisture content exceeds the threshold ω in a short period of time... c In this case, the system can trigger an early warning of "sudden increase in rainfall or groundwater", avoiding the lag caused by triggering a single threshold.

[0143] (1)

[0144] (2)

[0145] in, For temperature gradient; T g Preset a temperature threshold (temperature gradient trigger warning formula); Equivalent principal stress; θ is temperature; ω is moisture content; the function f(θ, ω) is obtained by fitting historical data using an AI algorithm.

[0146] In the temperature control stage, this invention uses a stepper motor to drive a sliding rheostat to change the resistance value, thereby adjusting the heat generation of the resistor block 15. Its basic principle is as follows:

[0147] (7)

[0148] Where P is the electrical power; U is the voltage applied when the resistor flows through it; and R is the resistance of the circuit.

[0149] As can be seen from equation (7), the smaller the resistance value, the greater the heating power; the greater the resistance value, the smaller the heating power.

[0150] To achieve precise temperature control, this invention introduces a closed-loop feedback regulation mechanism into the microcontroller control system. The system uses the temperature values ​​collected in real time by the TDR sensor 14. With the target set temperature Compare the values ​​and dynamically adjust the resistance of the sliding rheostat based on the error:

[0151] (8)

[0152] Where k is the gain coefficient adaptively corrected by the AI ​​algorithm, t is the temperature; R(t) is the resistance value at time t; R(t + Δt) is the resistance value at time t+Δt, representing the dynamic change of the system. The temperature value is collected in real time; Set the target temperature.

[0153] This control method can avoid thermal stress concentration caused by local overheating, and can also prevent insufficient heating from affecting the water evaporation efficiency.

[0154] Through the closed-loop mechanism of "resistance regulation - power control - temperature feedback" described above, the present invention can automatically adjust the heating strategy according to the changes in soil temperature and humidity, and achieve differentiated and precise heating in different areas of the slope.

[0155] This collaborative approach achieves a unified approach to slope reinforcement and intelligent maintenance through strict time-phased division and intelligent control strategies. From initial mechanical-chemical reinforcement to later intelligent monitoring and maintenance, a full-lifecycle slope protection system is formed, significantly improving the long-term stability of loess slopes.

[0156] The above scheme uses a microcontroller to control the stepper motor's speed, enabling forward, reverse, and pause functions, ensuring precise control of the sliding rheostat's resistance. The microcontroller-controlled stepper motor, combined with planetary gears, drives the sliding rheostat, adjusting the resistance of the resistor block and the heating power. Based on monitoring data, it achieves localized heating and drainage, reducing soil moisture content and preventing the effects of freeze-thaw cycles or excessive moisture on the soil, thus improving slope stability. The device uploads monitoring data via a Wi-Fi receiver 12. Using AI and random forest algorithms, it calculates stress-temperature and humidity data under weather conditions to achieve precise temperature control of individual anchor bolts, provide early warning of slope instability risks, and automatically execute adjustments. This integrates construction reinforcement, real-time monitoring of excessive local moisture content and stress, and active protection, making it suitable for preventing and controlling geological disasters such as loess landslides and collapses.

[0157] Each anchor has a corresponding number, and the overall stress situation is displayed on the host computer. When stress concentration occurs, the microcontroller can transmit a danger signal to the host computer via Wi-Fi. When the moisture content is too high, it can easily cause landslide risk. Based on the transmitted data, the moisture content and humidity changes of the surrounding anchors, and climate data, AI is used to heat the anchors with designated numbers, so that the moisture in the soil can evaporate, avoiding uneven thermal expansion and contraction caused by uneven temperature, and ensuring slope stability.

[0158] By monitoring dynamic stress, moisture content, and temperature, it is possible to avoid temperature stress caused by local high temperatures and slope damage caused by precipitation and freeze-thaw cycles. In the Northeast and Inner Mongolia regions with long winters in the seasonally frozen areas, the impact of freeze-thaw cycles can be reduced by heating and draining moisture before winter.

[0159] like Figure 9 As shown, when the microcontroller receives the heating signal transmitted from the host computer, it calculates the heat according to the formula Q=I. 2Rt is used to adjust the resistance to achieve stable heat output. Resistance adjustment is achieved by the stepper motor 18-1 rotating, which drives the planetary gear 19-4, causing the rack 19-3 to move and adjust the resistance value of each individual anchor rod. This allows different anchor rods to release different amounts of heat according to different temperatures and humidity levels, avoiding stress concentration caused by temperature concentration and thus affecting slope stability. Switch 18-2 is the control switch for the microcontroller. The rheostat slider 19-5 is a movable part of the sliding rheostat 19. Driven by the rack 19-3, it slides along the resistance wire of the sliding rheostat 19, changing its contact position with the resistance wire, thereby changing the length of the resistance wire connected to the circuit and ultimately changing the resistance value of the sliding rheostat. The L-resistance output contact 19-2 is used to lead out the connection positions of the two ends of the resistance wire of the sliding rheostat 19 in the circuit, facilitating the connection of the sliding rheostat to the entire circuit system. This allows current to flow through the adjustable resistance section of the sliding rheostat, thereby achieving adjustment and control of the circuit resistance.

[0160] like Figure 10 As shown, the 51 microcontroller controls the speed of the stepper motor 18-1, enabling four-step control of forward and reverse rotation and a pause, thus ensuring precise control of the resistance value of the sliding rheostat.

[0161] During power supply, the DC power output from the microcontroller can be converted into AC power of rated power through an inverter, thereby achieving precise temperature control and avoiding slope instability caused by freeze-thaw cycles and extreme rainfall.

[0162] like Figure 11 As shown, by sensing the soil's moisture and temperature, a working range for moisture content is set. Operation begins when the moisture content exceeds a set threshold and stops when it falls below the set value. For the overall temperature control of specific slope anchors, AI combined with Wi-Fi is used for remote control; this includes setting upper and lower thresholds for temperature and humidity, triggering audible and visual alarms for exceeding limits, and displaying temperature and humidity.

[0163] In summary, after the monitoring data is uploaded to the cloud, it is comprehensively analyzed by the AI ​​module. Algorithms such as random forest are used to process the stress-temperature and humidity data to establish a slope stability assessment model. The system can automatically identify risk areas and decide to initiate corresponding control measures. Specifically, these include: activating heating when the moisture content exceeds a set threshold; stopping operation when the moisture content returns to normal; proactively draining moisture before freezing; and predictively adjusting heating power based on climate data. This intelligent decision-making mechanism achieves a shift from "passive protection" to "active intervention," significantly improving the reliability and timeliness of slope protection.

[0164] This invention adds temperature and humidity monitoring and active resistance heating control functions to the traditional mechanical-chemical synergistic reinforcement. It can use AI analysis to evaluate the changes in water content of different parts of the slope in real time, and implement local heating and drainage in high-risk areas, thereby effectively eliminating hidden dangers before landslides occur.

[0165] This invention is not limited to the structures described above and shown in the accompanying drawings, and various modifications and changes can be made without departing from its scope. The scope of this invention is limited only by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A method of reinforcing a slope using a smart anchor, characterized in that, Based on the smart anchor rod, the smart anchor rod is based on an anchor rod, the anchor rod comprises: An anchor rod body (1); A drill head (2) for inserting into the soil body is arranged at the end of the anchor rod body (1); A detachable sleeve (3) for protecting the internal mechanism is arranged outside the anchor rod body (1); A plurality of barb support rods (4) for mechanical embedding are uniformly arranged on the anchor rod body (1); And a partition plate (5) is arranged inside the anchor rod body (1) to divide the inside of the anchor rod body (1) into an A material bin (6) for storing a first material and a B material bin (7) for storing a second material; Comprise: A TDR sensor (14) for measuring the temperature and water content of the soil body in the anchoring area is arranged at the tip of the barb support rod (4); A plurality of resistance blocks (15) for local heating are arranged in the area near the A material bin (6) and the B material bin (7) on the anchor rod body (1); A single-chip microcomputer control system (18) for driving the step motor to adjust the resistance value of the sliding resistor to control the heating amount of the resistance block (15), a battery (13) for power supply, and a WIFI receiver (12) for receiving the data collected by the TDR sensor (14) are arranged at the end of the anchor rod body (1); A strain gauge (10) for monitoring the strain state of the slope is arranged on the anchor rod body (1); And a remote monitoring platform for receiving monitoring data for stress and water content analysis to start heating and drainage; The barb support rod (4) is a flexible support arm structure, and a pre-tightening spring is arranged in the flexible support arm structure; The length direction of the partition plate (5) is the same as the axial direction of the anchor rod body (1); Further comprising: a plurality of grout outlets (8) are also provided on the anchor rod body (1); After removing the partition plate (5), the two materials in the A material bin (6) and the B material bin (7) react to generate an expanded mixture, which is released to the surrounding soil body through the grout outlet (8); The method comprises the following steps: S1, construction preparation: Determine the slope structure characteristics by using a geological radar scanner, determine the anchor rod arrangement scheme, and determine the material ratio and dosage parameters; Calibrate all TDR sensors (14) and strain gauges (10), initialize the microcontroller control system (18) parameters, set the moisture content threshold and stress threshold σc, test the WIFI receiver (12) communication function; S2, primary mechanical anchoring; S3, chemical reinforcement: Remove the partition plate (5), and the materials in the A material bin (6) and the B material bin (7) react to generate an expanded mixture, monitor the reaction progress of the expanded mixture, and control the release rate of the grout outlet (8); S4, intelligent regulation and control: The TDR sensor (14) is continuously monitored, the strain gauge (10) enters the working state, the verification resistance block (15) heating function, the test step motor (18-1) adjustment response, check the sliding rheostat (19) stroke to achieve precise control of heating temperature, real-time acquisition of temperature and humidity-stress data, update the slope state evaluation, humidity exceeds the water content threshold Turn on the heating, and start the temperature warning when the temperature is too concentrated; The temperature warning method includes temperature gradient criterion and stress-humidity coupling criterion, and the warning is triggered when the following conditions are met: （1） （2） wherein is the temperature gradient; T g is the temperature preset threshold value; equivalent principal stress; θ is the temperature; ω is the water content; Temperature gradient early warning method: when the local temperature field change rate Exceeds the set threshold Tg, the system determines that there is a temperature concentration phenomenon, which is easy to induce local thermal stress concentration, and immediately triggers an early warning; Stress-temperature-humidity coupling criterion: when the equivalent stress σeq exceeds 90% of the limit function obtained by AI model training f ( θ, ω ), it indicates that the slope stability is insufficient under the current temperature and moisture content conditions, and the system enters the active intervention state. Through comprehensive analysis of weather, stress and strain in soil and temperature, the system can intervene in advance in the extreme weather that may occur to improve the slope stability. The humidity warning method specifically includes: The soil water migration process satisfies the following equation: （3） wherein, D D is the moisture diffusion coefficient, β T is the temperature effect factor on evaporation rate, T 0 is the reference temperature; t t is the time; （4） wherein, is a water cut threshold value; When the water cut threshold is exceeded an instability risk warning is triggered; In the single-chip microcomputer control system (18), a closed-loop feedback regulation mechanism is introduced. The system compares the temperature value collected by the TDR sensor (14) in real time with the target setting temperature and dynamically adjusts the resistance value of the sliding rheostat (19) according to the error.​ （8） Wherein, k is the gain coefficient which is self-adaptively corrected by the AI algorithm, t is the temperature; R(t) is the resistance value at time t; R(t+Δt) is the resistance value at time t+Δt, indicating the dynamic change of the system, is the real-time collected temperature value; is the target set temperature; When powered, the inverter can convert the direct current power output from the single-chip microcomputer into alternating current with rated power, thereby achieving precise temperature control and avoiding slope instability caused by freezing and thawing and extreme rainfall weather.

2. The method of reinforcing a slope with a smart anchor according to claim 1, wherein, The steps of S2, primary mechanical anchoring, specifically include: S21, use the drill head (2) to guide the anchor rod body (1) to penetrate to the designed depth, keep the detachable sleeve (3) in the locked state, and verify the perpendicularity and implantation depth of the anchor rod; S22, mechanical embedding is carried out, the detachable sleeve (3) is extracted in stages, and the barb supporting rod (4) is elastically unfolded in stages; S23, the unfolding angle and the pre-tightening force are monitored in real time.

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