Lithium oxygen battery test environment regulation and control system

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of battery testing and environment control, in particular to a lithium oxygen battery testing environment regulation and control system, and aims to solve the problems that in lithium oxygen battery testing, environment parameter regulation and control response is lagged, precision is insufficient, and multi-parameter collaborative decoupling is poor. The system is a combination of a battery test unit, a gas environment regulation and sensing module and an intelligent cooperative control unit. A multivariable decoupling algorithm is embedded in the intelligent cooperative control unit, and dynamic high-precision, wide-range and quick-response cooperative regulation and control of the oxygen concentration, humidity and pressure of the cavity are achieved. The system improves the precision and stability of environment regulation and control, and provides a reliable test environment for lithium oxygen battery research.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of battery testing and environmental control, in particular to a lithium-oxygen battery testing environment regulation system. BACKGROUND

[0002] Lithium-oxygen batteries, with their extremely high theoretical energy density, are considered one of the disruptive technologies for the next generation of high-energy-density energy storage devices, showing great application potential in electric vehicles, portable electronic devices, and large-scale energy storage. Given the unique electrochemical reaction mechanism that is highly dependent on oxygen, humidity, and pressure in the external environment, it is particularly important to build a testing system that can accurately and efficiently regulate key environmental parameters for performance testing and mechanism research of lithium-oxygen batteries. The optimization of such a system is not only directly related to the accuracy and reliability of battery performance evaluation, but also a key prerequisite for understanding the internal reaction kinetics of the battery, optimizing electrode materials and electrolyte systems, and even realizing its commercial application. As the research on lithium-oxygen batteries continues to deepen, the demand for fine and intelligent control of the testing environment is increasingly urgent, in order to more comprehensively and realistically reflect the working characteristics of the battery under different working conditions.

[0003] As the research on lithium-oxygen batteries moves from macroscopic performance characterization to microscopic mechanism exploration and complex working condition simulation, the demand for testing environment regulation has evolved from simply "providing stable conditions" to "achieving high-precision, dynamic, and collaborative control of multiple parameters." Existing technical solutions, whether through overall space replacement to adjust gas composition or through internal bubble replenishment to ensure oxygen supply, have inherent limitations in response lag, control precision, and lack of coordination and decoupling ability among multiple parameters. This inherent principle bottleneck makes existing testing systems unable to provide accurate, repeatable, and quickly responsive experimental environments for cutting-edge research, especially when simulating real-world complex environments or conducting high-resolution mechanism exploration.

[0004] Therefore, how to design a lithium-oxygen battery testing environment regulation system that can achieve high-precision, wide-range dynamic regulation of key environmental parameters such as oxygen concentration, humidity, and pressure, and has the ability of fast response and multi-parameter collaborative control, has become a key challenge and technical problem to be solved for those skilled in the art. SUMMARY

[0005] To achieve the above-mentioned purposes, the present application provides a lithium-oxygen battery test environment regulation system, which aims to solve the deep technical contradictions of the existing lithium-oxygen battery test technology in the regulation of key environmental parameters such as oxygen concentration, humidity and pressure, including response lag, insufficient control accuracy, and lack of coordination and decoupling ability among multiple parameters, thereby providing a test environment capable of high-precision, wide-range dynamic regulation of the above-mentioned key environmental parameters, and having the ability of fast response and multi-parameter coordinated control. The present application realizes accurate, real-time, dynamic and programmable regulation of the micro-environment of lithium-oxygen battery by constructing an integrated, modular system architecture with advanced control algorithms, providing basic technical support for in-depth understanding of battery electrochemical mechanism, optimization of material system and simulation of complex working conditions.

[0006] The lithium-oxygen battery test environment regulation system of the present application comprises: One or more battery test units, each of which is configured with one or more lithium-oxygen battery samples and has an independent micro-environment chamber for accommodating the lithium-oxygen battery samples and forming an independent gas environment; A precise gas mixing and delivery module is arranged upstream of the micro-environment chamber to accurately proportion and deliver specific component gases to the micro-environment chamber according to preset parameters; A dynamic humidity regulation module is arranged on the gas inlet path or inside the micro-environment chamber to accurately regulate the relative humidity of the gas inside the micro-environment chamber in real time; An active pressure regulation module is arranged on the gas flow path of the micro-environment chamber to accurately and dynamically control the gas pressure inside the micro-environment chamber; A multi-parameter integrated sensing module is arranged inside or near the micro-environment chamber to accurately obtain key environmental parameter data such as oxygen concentration, relative humidity, gas pressure and temperature inside the micro-environment chamber in real time; and An intelligent coordinated control unit is bidirectionally connected with the precise gas mixing and delivery module, the dynamic humidity regulation module, the active pressure regulation module and the multi-parameter integrated sensing module for data and control signal, to receive sensing data, execute preset test programs and output control instructions, thereby realizing accurate, dynamic and coordinated control of the environmental parameters inside the micro-environment chamber.

[0007] Optionally, the precise gas mixing and delivery module comprises: At least two independent gas sources, including a high-purity oxygen source and a high-purity inert gas source, the inert gas source being a high-purity nitrogen source or a high-purity argon source; a plurality of digital mass flow controllers, each of which is independently connected to one of the gas sources and precisely controlled by the intelligent collaborative control unit to precisely measure and regulate the output flow of the respective gas source; the digital mass flow controller adopts a micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) flow sensor technology, with a response time less than 100 milliseconds, a flow control accuracy better than ±0.5% of the full scale, and a control range covering 0 to 5000 standard cubic centimeters per minute (SCCM); a gas mixer arranged downstream of the digital mass flow controllers to sufficiently mix the metered gases from different gas sources to form a gas mixture of target components; the gas mixer adopts a spiral flow guide structure or a multi-layer grid structure to ensure the uniformity of gas mixing and reduce the mixing dead zone; and a gas delivery pipeline system for delivering the mixed gas output by the gas mixer to the gas inlet of the microenvironment chamber; the gas delivery pipeline system is composed of a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) or stainless steel pipe with a polished inner surface, and its inner diameter is optimized to minimize the gas retention volume and wall adsorption effect.

[0008] Optionally, the dynamic humidity control module includes: a precise humidification unit for adding precisely controlled moisture to the gas mixture; the precise humidification unit is a membrane humidifier that uses a hydrophilic polymer membrane as a selective permeation medium for water molecules, with an effective membrane area of 100 square centimeters, and achieves gas humidification without liquid droplets by precisely controlling the gas pressure difference and temperature on both sides of the membrane, with a humidity control resolution of 0.1% relative humidity (RH); or the precise humidification unit is a precise temperature-controlled gas bubbler with a high-precision temperature sensor, which stabilizes the water temperature within ±0.1 degrees Celsius through a PID controller, thereby precisely controlling the dew point temperature of the gas; a high-efficiency dehumidification unit for removing excess moisture from the gas mixture; the high-efficiency dehumidification unit is a condensation dehumidifier based on semiconductor refrigeration (Peltier effect), with a refrigeration power of 60 watts, which can reduce the condensation surface temperature to below 5 degrees Celsius within 2 seconds, and precisely regulate the dew point of the gas by precisely controlling the condensation temperature; or the high-efficiency dehumidification unit is a regenerative adsorption dehumidifier filled with molecular sieve adsorbent and integrated with an electric heating regeneration function, with an adsorption capacity of not less than 20% (weight ratio) under standard conditions and a regeneration time of not more than 15 minutes; and at least two electrically driven precision gas shunt valves (33) arranged in the gas delivery pipeline system, respectively used to control the gas flow of the humidified gas passage and the dehumidified gas passage, so as to achieve accurate regulation of the target relative humidity by mixing gases of different humidities; the electrically driven precision gas shunt valve (33) is driven by a stepping motor and has a valve position resolution of more than 20,000 steps and a response time of less than 50 milliseconds; the dynamic humidity regulation module realizes a humidity control accuracy of ±1.0% RH and a humidity change response time of less than 5 seconds through a closed-loop control mechanism combined with high-precision humidity sensor feedback.

[0009] Optionally, the active pressure regulation module comprises: a high-sensitivity pressure sensor arranged inside the micro-environment chamber to monitor the gas pressure in the chamber in real time; the pressure sensor adopts a silicon-based MEMS technology, has a measurement range of 0 to 200 kPa (absolute pressure), an accuracy better than ±0.1% of the full scale, and a response time of less than 1 millisecond; a precision gas inlet pressure regulator arranged between the precision gas mixing and delivery module and the micro-environment chamber to actively control the gas pressure entering the micro-environment chamber; the precision gas inlet pressure regulator is an electronic proportional pressure regulating valve, which has a control accuracy of 0.1 kPa and a response time of less than 50 milliseconds; and a precision gas outlet pressure regulator arranged at the gas outlet of the micro-environment chamber to actively control the exhaust resistance of the micro-environment chamber, thereby indirectly or directly regulating the pressure inside the chamber; the precision gas outlet pressure regulator is a miniature proportional solenoid valve or an electronic pressure regulating valve connected to a high-precision vacuum pump, which has a regulation range of 10 kPa to 200 kPa and a pressure regulation accuracy better than 0.2 kPa; the active pressure regulation module is driven by the PID control algorithm executed by the intelligent cooperative control unit through the integration of the high-sensitivity pressure sensor, the precision gas inlet pressure regulator, and the precision gas outlet pressure regulator, thereby realizing dynamic and high-precision control of the pressure inside the micro-environment chamber, with a pressure fluctuation range controllable within ±0.5 kPa and a pressure change response time of less than 2 seconds.

[0010] Optionally, the multi-parameter integrated sensing module comprises: a high-precision oxygen concentration sensor adopting a zirconia solid electrolyte sensor principle, having a measurement range of 0 to 100% oxygen concentration, a measurement accuracy better than ±0.5% oxygen concentration, and a response time of less than 2 seconds; a high-precision humidity sensor adopting a polymer capacitive sensor principle, having a measurement range of 0 to 100% relative humidity, a measurement accuracy better than ±1.5% relative humidity, and a response time of less than 3 seconds; A high-precision temperature sensor, using platinum resistance (Pt100 type) sensor principle, measurement range of -20 degrees Celsius to 100 degrees Celsius, measurement accuracy better than ± 0.1 degrees Celsius, response time less than 5 seconds; And a high-sensitivity pressure sensor, using silicon-based MEMS technology, measurement range of 0 to 200 kPa (absolute pressure), accuracy better than ± 0.1% of full scale, response time less than 1 millisecond; All sensors are tightly integrated inside the micro-environment chamber or the nearest end of its inlet and outlet, and the sensing probe part uses corrosion-resistant, low-adsorption inert materials to minimize dead volume and ensure real-time, accurate monitoring of the chamber's true environmental parameters; sensor data is collected by high-speed analog-to-digital converters (ADC) at a sampling frequency of no less than 100 Hz.

[0011] Optionally, the intelligent collaborative control unit includes: A high-performance embedded processor with a clock speed of no less than 200 MHz, integrated floating-point unit, with sufficient computing power to execute complex control algorithms; A multi-channel data acquisition and control interface circuit, including high-resolution analog-to-digital converters (ADC) channels for acquiring sensor signals, and high-precision digital-to-analog converters (DAC) channels or pulse width modulation (PWM) output ports for driving various actuators; A real-time operating system for managing multi-task concurrency, scheduling control algorithm execution, and ensuring system response determinism; A core control algorithm library containing multiple parallel running closed-loop PID (Proportional-Integral-Derivative) control algorithm modules, each module controlling oxygen concentration, humidity, and pressure independently; In addition, the algorithm library also contains a multi-variable decoupling control module that calculates and compensates for possible mutual interference effects between parameters in real time through a pre-established system transfer function matrix or a machine learning-based prediction model, achieving collaborative disturbance-free control between parameters; A user interface and programming module to receive user input test curves or test programs, including oxygen concentration, humidity, pressure, and other parameters such as set values, change rates, and holding times as a function of time, and convert them into internal target values for the control algorithm; the user interface supports graphical programming, allowing users to create complex test sequences through drag-and-drop; And a data storage and communication module to store sensor data, actuator status, control parameters, and battery performance data in high speed synchronization, and support data transmission and remote monitoring with host computer through Ethernet or Modbus TCP / IP protocol, all data are recorded with high time resolution.

[0012] Optionally, a temperature control module is further included for precise temperature control of the lithium-oxygen battery sample in the micro-environment chamber, the temperature control module comprising: a semiconductor refrigeration / heating sheet directly attached to the outside of the micro-environment chamber or integrated at the bottom thereof, with a refrigeration / heating power of 100 watts and a temperature control range of -10 to 80 degrees Celsius; a high-precision platinum resistance temperature sensor arranged inside the micro-environment chamber in close proximity to the battery sample to provide real-time temperature feedback; and a high-precision proportional-integral-derivative (PID) temperature controller electrically connected to the semiconductor refrigeration / heating sheet and the high-precision platinum resistance temperature sensor and controlled by the instructions of the intelligent collaborative control unit to achieve precise control of the temperature inside the micro-environment chamber, with a temperature fluctuation of ±0.1 degrees Celsius and a temperature change rate of 5 degrees Celsius per minute.

[0013] Optionally, the micro-environment chamber is precisely machined from high-purity quartz glass or polyether ether ketone (PEEK) material, with excellent air tightness, corrosion resistance and chemical inertness; the internal volume of the chamber is optimally designed, with an effective volume of no more than 50 milliliters per single chamber to minimize gas replacement time; the chamber is provided with a dedicated gas inlet and outlet, which uses a stainless steel collar joint or a quick plug joint; the chamber is integrated with multiple miniature sensor mounting holes inside to accommodate the sensor probes of the multi-parameter integrated sensing module and ensure that the probes are in close proximity to the battery sample; the chamber is also provided with a sealed wire hole for lithium-oxygen battery sample electrode leads, which uses epoxy resin or glass-metal sealing technology to ensure electrical connection reliability and air tightness under different pressure conditions. Advantages

[0014] First, by adopting an independent micro-environment chamber design combined with a high-precision digital mass flow controller, the present application realizes precise and rapid gas component allocation and delivery of the gas environment around the lithium-oxygen battery sample, overcoming the problem of response lag and low oxygen concentration regulation efficiency caused by the whole replacement of the large-volume box in the prior art. The optimal design of the micro-environment chamber greatly reduces the gas dead volume, enabling the switching and stabilization of gas components to be completed in a very short time, thereby supporting the study of the dynamic behavior of the battery under rapidly changing oxygen concentration gradients.

[0015] Secondly, the present application introduces a dynamic humidity control module, which adopts a combination of a membrane humidifier or a precise temperature-controlled bubbler and a high-efficiency dehumidification unit, assisted by an electrically-driven precise gas shunt valve for gas mixing, to achieve high-precision, wide-range and dynamic control of the relative humidity in the chamber. Compared with the passive control in the prior art which relies on passive adsorption or a single water probe for sensing, the humidity control of the present application is active and responds quickly, which can avoid overshoot or undershoot phenomena and ensure that the battery is always in an accurate target humidity environment, thereby more realistically simulating working conditions under different environments. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0016] Figure 1 is a structural schematic diagram of a lithium-oxygen battery test environment control system according to the present application; Figure 2 is a structural schematic diagram of a precise gas mixing and delivery module according to the present application; Figure 3 is a structural schematic diagram of a micro-environment chamber according to the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0017] The present application provides a lithium-oxygen battery test environment control system, which aims to precisely control the oxygen concentration, relative humidity, gas pressure and temperature of the micro-environment in which the lithium-oxygen battery sample is located, and ensure efficient coordination and decoupling control between various environmental parameters. The present system, through integrated module design and advanced intelligent control algorithm, provides a high-precision, dynamic and programmable test environment for the electrochemical property research, material performance evaluation and actual working condition simulation of lithium-oxygen batteries.

[0018] Specifically, the system comprises one or more battery test units, each of which is configured with one or more lithium-oxygen battery samples and is provided with an independent micro-environment chamber for accommodating the lithium-oxygen battery samples and forming an independent gas environment. The micro-environment chamber is precisely machined from high-purity quartz glass or polyether ether ketone (PEEK) material, which is selected based on the inherent excellent airtightness, excellent corrosion resistance, and excellent chemical inertness of these materials, ensuring the purity and stability of the internal environment of the chamber during long-term operation. In order to minimize the gas replacement time and achieve rapid response, the effective internal volume of the individual chamber is optimized and usually controlled within the range of not more than 50 milliliters, which enables the gas composition in the chamber to be switched and stabilized in a very short time. The wall thickness of the chamber is precisely calculated to maintain structural integrity and airtightness within the preset pressure range (e.g., 10 kPa to 200 kPa absolute pressure), while minimizing heat capacity to facilitate rapid temperature regulation. The chamber is provided with a dedicated gas inlet and outlet, which is connected by an industry-standard 316L stainless steel collar joint or a highly reliable quick plug joint. This design not only ensures airtight connection of the gas path, but also greatly facilitates the installation, removal, and replacement of the chamber, improving the operational convenience and maintenance efficiency of the system. In order to realize accurate real-time monitoring of the internal environment parameters of the chamber, the chamber is integrated with multiple miniature sensor mounting holes. These holes are precisely machined to accommodate the sensor probes of the multi-parameter integrated sensor module and ensure that the probes can be tightly and stably arranged near the battery samples, thereby minimizing the measurement dead zone and ensuring that the acquired environmental parameter data accurately reflects the micro-environmental state of the battery samples. In addition, the chamber is also provided with sealed wire holes for lithium-oxygen battery sample electrode leads. These wire holes are treated using advanced epoxy resin sealing technology or glass-metal sealing technology, which ensures that the electrical connection of the battery remains highly reliable under different pressure conditions (including positive and negative pressure environments), while maintaining the excellent airtightness of the chamber, preventing external gas leakage or internal gas escape, and ensuring the accuracy and repeatability of experimental data.

[0019] Upstream of the microenvironment chamber, a precision gas mixing and delivery module is installed. Its core function is to precisely mix and deliver gases of specific components to the microenvironment chamber according to preset parameters. The precision gas mixing and delivery module includes at least two independent gas sources, specifically a high-purity oxygen source and a high-purity inert gas source. The inert gas source can be a high-purity nitrogen source or a high-purity argon source, with a purity level typically of 99.999% or higher, to ensure that the introduced gas does not contain impurities that affect battery performance. Multiple digital mass flow controllers (MFCs) are key components of this module. Each MFC is independently connected to one of the gas sources via piping and is precisely controlled by the intelligent collaborative control unit. The digital mass flow controller employs advanced microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) flow sensor technology. Based on thermal or differential pressure principles, this technology directly measures the mass flow rate of gas using miniature sensor elements. It exhibits excellent response characteristics, with a response time typically less than 100 milliseconds, far faster than traditional float-type or hot-wire flow meters, thus ensuring rapid gas component switching. Its flow control accuracy is better than ±0.5% of full scale, maintaining high precision control across the entire flow range (e.g., 0 to 5000 standard cubic centimeters per minute SCCM), ensuring the accuracy of the target gas mixing ratio. The outlet of the digital mass flow controller is connected to a gas mixer located downstream of the controller, used to thoroughly mix the metered gases from different gas sources to form a gas mixture containing the target components. The gas mixer can employ a spiral flow guide structure or a multi-layer mesh structure. These structural designs increase the path length and turbulence of gas flow, forcing gas molecules to diffuse and mix sufficiently, thereby ensuring uniform gas mixing, effectively reducing dead zones, and ultimately guaranteeing the uniformity of the output gas composition, avoiding the influence of local concentration gradients on battery test results. The mixed gas is delivered to the inlet of the microenvironment chamber through a gas delivery pipeline system. The gas delivery pipeline system is constructed of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) or 316L stainless steel pipes with mirror-polished inner surfaces. Its inner diameter is optimized (e.g., using 1 / 8-inch or 1 / 16-inch outer diameter pipes) to minimize gas retention volume and wall adsorption effects, thereby ensuring rapid gas delivery response and stable composition, avoiding concentration drift caused by diffusion delays or component adsorption in the pipeline. The gas connections of the entire module use high-pressure compression fittings or welding to eliminate any potential leak points and maintain the sealing integrity of the gas path. On or inside the gas inlet path of the microenvironment chamber, a dynamic humidity control module is arranged, which is used to control the relative humidity of the gas inside the microenvironment chamber in real time and accurately. The dynamic humidity control module mainly includes a precise humidification unit, a high-efficiency dehumidification unit, and at least two electrically driven precision gas shunt valves. The precise humidification unit is used to add precisely controlled moisture to the gas mixture. In a preferred embodiment, the precise humidification unit can be a membrane humidifier, the core component of which uses a hydrophilic polymer membrane (such as a Nafion membrane) as a water molecule selective permeation medium, and the effective area of the membrane is usually 100 square centimeters. The working principle is to make water molecules selectively permeate the membrane in vapor form by precisely controlling the gas pressure difference and temperature on both sides of the membrane, thereby realizing gas humidification without liquid droplets, and avoiding the influence of water droplets on the battery sample. The membrane humidifier can provide a humidity control resolution of up to 0.1% relative humidity (RH), ensuring fine adjustment of humidity. In another preferred embodiment, the precise humidification unit can be a precise temperature-controlled gas bubbler, which is built-in with a high-precision platinum resistance temperature sensor and is precisely controlled by an independent PID controller to stabilize the internal water temperature within ±0.1 degrees Celsius. By precisely controlling the temperature of the bubbler water, the dew point temperature of the gas passing through the bubbler can be accurately controlled, thereby realizing precise control of humidity. The high-efficiency dehumidification unit is used to remove excess moisture from the gas mixture. In a preferred embodiment, the high-efficiency dehumidification unit can be a condensation dehumidifier based on semiconductor refrigeration (Peltier effect), which has a refrigeration power of 60 watts and can quickly reduce the condensation surface temperature to below 5 degrees Celsius within 2 seconds from room temperature (for example, 25 degrees Celsius). By precisely controlling the condensation temperature, the water vapor in the gas is condensed and removed on the low-temperature surface, thereby realizing precise adjustment of the gas dew point, which has fast response speed and is suitable for dynamic humidity adjustment. In another preferred embodiment, the high-efficiency dehumidification unit can be a regenerative adsorption dehumidifier, which is filled with high-efficiency molecular sieve adsorbent (such as 3A molecular sieve), which has an adsorption capacity of not less than 20% (by weight) under standard conditions, and can efficiently remove water vapor in the gas. The dehumidifier is integrated with an electric heating regeneration function, which can desorb and regenerate the adsorbent after saturation by heating, and the regeneration time is usually not more than 15 minutes, ensuring the continuous operation ability of the system. At least two electrically driven precision gas shunt valves are arranged in the gas delivery pipeline system, which are respectively used to control the gas flow of the humidified gas path and the dehumidified gas path, thereby realizing precise control of the target relative humidity by mixing gases of different humidities (saturated wet gas output by the humidification unit and dry gas output by the dehumidification unit).The electric precision gas shunt valve is driven by a high-precision stepper motor, with a valve position resolution of more than 20,000 steps, which means it can achieve very fine adjustment of gas flow, with a response time of less than 50 milliseconds, ensuring the rapidity and smoothness of humidity adjustment. The dynamic humidity control module, through a closed-loop control mechanism, combined with high-precision humidity sensor feedback (from the multi-parameter integrated sensing module), can achieve a humidity control accuracy of ±1.0% RH and a humidity change response time of less than 5 seconds, meeting the needs of dynamic behavior research of batteries under different humidity conditions.

[0020] On the gas flow path of the microenvironment chamber, a active pressure regulation module is provided to accurately and dynamically control the gas pressure inside the microenvironment chamber. The key components of the active pressure regulation module include a high-sensitivity pressure sensor, which is set inside the microenvironment chamber to monitor the gas pressure in the chamber in real time. The pressure sensor uses advanced silicon-based MEMS technology, with a wide measurement range of 0 to 200 kilopascals (absolute pressure), an accuracy better than ±0.1% of full scale, and a response time of less than 1 millisecond, ensuring fast and accurate pressure monitoring. A precision gas inlet pressure regulator is set between the precision gas mixing and delivery module and the microenvironment chamber to actively control the gas pressure entering the microenvironment chamber. The precision gas inlet pressure regulator is an electronic proportional pressure regulating valve that controls the valve opening through electrical signals, accurately controlling the gas flow and pressure entering the chamber, with a control accuracy of 0.1 kilopascal and a response time of less than 50 milliseconds. At the same time, a precision exhaust pressure regulator is set at the gas outlet of the microenvironment chamber to actively control the exhaust resistance of the microenvironment chamber, thereby indirectly or directly regulating the pressure inside the chamber. The precision exhaust pressure regulator can be a miniature proportional electromagnetic valve that fine-tunes the valve opening to control the exhaust flow by changing the excitation current, or it can be connected to a high-precision vacuum pump and controlled by an electronic pressure regulating valve to control the exhaust rate or bypass flow of the vacuum pump, with a regulation range of 10 kilopascals to 200 kilopascals and a pressure regulation accuracy of better than 0.2 kilopascal. The active pressure regulation module integrates the aforementioned high-sensitivity pressure sensor, precision gas inlet pressure regulator, and precision exhaust pressure regulator, and is driven by the PID control algorithm executed by the intelligent collaborative control unit, achieving dynamic and high-precision control of the pressure inside the microenvironment chamber, with a pressure fluctuation range of ±0.5 kilopascals and a pressure change response time of less than 2 seconds, capable of simulating various working conditions from low pressure (high altitude or partial vacuum) to high pressure (pressurized environment).

[0021] In order to achieve accurate feedback on the microenvironment parameters, a multi-parameter integrated sensing module is arranged inside the microenvironment chamber or at its proximal connection, to obtain real-time, high-precision key environmental parameter data such as oxygen concentration, relative humidity, gas pressure and temperature inside the microenvironment chamber. The multi-parameter integrated sensing module integrates multiple high-precision sensors: among them, the high-precision oxygen concentration sensor adopts the principle of zirconia solid electrolyte sensor, which is based on the selective conductivity of zirconia to oxygen ions at high temperature, with a measurement range of 0 to 100% oxygen concentration, a measurement accuracy better than ±0.5% oxygen concentration, and a response time less than 2 seconds, ensuring accurate monitoring of oxygen concentration. The high-precision humidity sensor adopts the principle of polymer capacitive sensor, which is based on the change of the capacitance value of the humidity-sensitive polymer after absorbing water, with a measurement range of 0 to 100% relative humidity, a measurement accuracy better than ±1.5% relative humidity, and a response time less than 3 seconds, suitable for monitoring wide range of humidity changes. The high-precision temperature sensor adopts the principle of platinum resistance (Pt100 type) sensor, which is known for its excellent stability and linearity, with a measurement range of -20 to 100 degrees Celsius, a measurement accuracy better than ±0.1 degrees Celsius, and a response time less than 5 seconds, providing reliable feedback for temperature control. In addition, the module also integrates the aforementioned sensitive pressure sensor (i.e. high-sensitivity pressure sensor), which has the same performance as the aforementioned. All sensors are tightly integrated inside the microenvironment chamber or at the nearest end of its inlet and outlet, and the sensing probe part is packaged with corrosion-resistant, low-adsorption inert materials (such as 316L stainless steel or Teflon coating) to minimize dead volume and ensure real-time, accurate monitoring of the true environmental parameters of the chamber, avoiding the interaction or retention effect of the material and the measured gas. Sensor data is collected by high-performance high-speed analog-to-digital converter (ADC) at a sampling frequency of no less than 100 Hz, ensuring data integrity and time resolution in dynamic processes, laying the foundation for subsequent fine data analysis.

[0022] The brain of the system is an intelligent collaborative control unit, which is bidirectionally connected with the precision gas mixing and delivery module, the dynamic humidity control module, the active pressure regulation module, and the multi-parameter integrated sensing module for receiving sensing data, executing preset test programs, and outputting control instructions, so as to realize accurate, dynamic, and collaborative control of the internal environmental parameters of the microenvironment chamber. The intelligent collaborative control unit includes a high-performance embedded processor, such as a high-speed microcontroller based on the ARM Cortex-M series (e.g., STM32H7 series) or an industrial-grade single-board computer, with a main frequency not less than 200 megahertz and an integrated floating-point operation unit, which has sufficient computing power to efficiently execute complex control algorithms, real-time data processing, and network communication tasks. A multi-channel data acquisition and control interface circuit is a core hardware component of the intelligent collaborative control unit, which includes high-resolution analog-to-digital converter (ADC) channels for accurately converting analog sensor signals from the multi-parameter integrated sensing module into digital signals, and high-precision digital-to-analog converter (DAC) channels or pulse width modulation (PWM) output ports for converting digital control instructions generated by the intelligent collaborative control unit into analog voltages or PWM signals to accurately drive various actuators (such as digital mass flow controllers, proportional valves, temperature controllers, etc.). To ensure the determinacy of system response and multi-task concurrent processing capability, the intelligent collaborative control unit runs a real-time operating system (RTOS), such as FreeRTOS or VxWorks, which can efficiently manage the concurrent execution of multiple tasks, schedule the real-time running of control algorithms, and ensure that all control tasks are completed within strict time limits, avoiding the task jitter and response delay that may exist in traditional general-purpose operating systems. A core control algorithm library is the core software for the intelligent collaborative control unit to realize precise control. The algorithm library includes multiple parallel running closed-loop PID (proportional-integral-derivative) control algorithm modules, each of which independently controls the oxygen concentration, humidity, and pressure by adjusting the actuator output in real time to eliminate the deviation between the sensing feedback value and the target set value.

[0023] More importantly, the core control algorithm library also contains a multi-variable decoupling control module. This module is the key innovation of the present application to achieve multi-parameter collaborative disturbance-free control. This decoupling control module achieves collaborative disturbance-free control between parameters through two main methods: first, through a pre-established system transfer function matrix, which describes the dynamic influence of each input (such as MFC flow, humidification / dehumidification unit control quantity, inlet and exhaust valve opening, etc.) on each output (O2 concentration, RH, pressure, temperature). These transfer functions can be obtained through system identification (for example, step response test and model fitting on the system). When the set value of any parameter changes, the decoupling control module can use the transfer function matrix to predict the potential mutual interference effects of the resulting gas flow changes, temperature changes or pressure changes on the chamber humidity, pressure and oxygen concentration, and send compensatory control instructions to the relevant humidity control module, pressure regulation module and gas mixing and delivery module in advance, so as to actively eliminate or significantly weaken mutual interference during parameter change and maintain the stability of other parameters. Second, the module can also be based on a machine learning prediction model, such as training a neural network or support vector machine model through historical operation data to learn the complex nonlinear coupling relationship between different control variables. When receiving a new set point or detecting that a parameter begins to deviate, the model can predict the trend of other parameters in real time and calculate the required compensation amount, and then issue adjustment instructions to the corresponding actuators. For example, when the oxygen concentration set value changes significantly, such as rapidly increasing from 21% to 100%, it will usually cause a significant increase in total gas flow. Traditional independent PID control may cause the chamber pressure to rise or the humidity to decrease, but the decoupling control module in the present application can immediately predict the impact of this flow change on chamber humidity and pressure, and send compensatory control instructions to the humidity control module (for example, slightly increase the proportion of humidification gas or reduce the working strength of the dehumidification unit) and the pressure regulation module (for example, slightly increase the exhaust valve opening or reduce the inlet pressure) in advance to maintain other parameters near the set value, thereby achieving highly collaborative and disturbance-free dynamic control.

[0024] The intelligent collaborative control unit also includes a user interface and programming module, which supports graphical programming and allows users to create complex test sequences through an intuitive drag-and-drop interface. Users can easily input test curves or test procedures, including oxygen concentration, humidity, pressure, and temperature set values, change rates, and holding times, and convert them into internal target values for the control algorithm. In addition, a data storage and communication module is used to store real-time sensor data, actuator status, control parameters, and battery performance data (obtained through an interface with external battery testing instruments, such as electrochemical workstations) in high-speed synchronization. All data is recorded at a high time resolution, such as 100 data points per second, facilitating subsequent data analysis and result tracing. The module also supports high-speed data transmission and remote monitoring with a host computer through Ethernet or Modbus TCP / IP protocols, enabling remote access and analysis of data.

[0025] As a preferred embodiment of the present application, the lithium-oxygen battery test environment regulation system also includes a temperature control module for precise temperature control of the lithium-oxygen battery sample in the micro-environment chamber. The core components of the temperature control module include a semiconductor refrigeration / heating sheet (Peltier module) 71 with a refrigeration / heating power of 100 watts and a temperature control range of -10 to 80 degrees Celsius. The Peltier module 71 is directly attached to the outside or integrated into the bottom of the micro-environment chamber, and heating or refrigeration is achieved by changing the direction of the current. A high-precision platinum resistance temperature sensor (such as Pt100) is placed inside the micro-environment chamber near the battery sample to provide real-time and accurate temperature feedback signals. A high-precision proportional-integral-derivative (PID) temperature controller is electrically connected to the semiconductor refrigeration / heating sheet and temperature sensor 72 and is controlled by the intelligent collaborative control unit, achieving precise control of the temperature inside the micro-environment chamber. The temperature fluctuation can be controlled within ±0.1 degrees Celsius, and the temperature change rate can reach 5 degrees Celsius per minute, enabling the battery sample to quickly respond and stabilize the temperature environment. The working principle of the lithium-oxygen battery test environment regulation system of the present application embodies high automation, integration, and intelligence. When researchers set the required lithium-oxygen battery test environment parameter curves (including oxygen concentration, relative humidity, gas pressure, and temperature) through the user interface and programming module of the intelligent collaborative control unit, the intelligent collaborative control unit first analyzes these preset curves and converts them into real-time target set values for each module at different time points.

[0026] Subsequently, the intelligent collaborative control unit independently controls each environmental parameter through a built-in PID control algorithm according to the current real-time sensor data (from the multi-parameter integrated sensing module). Specifically, for oxygen concentration regulation, the intelligent collaborative control unit adjusts the output flow of each digital mass flow controller in the precise gas mixing and delivery module through its multi-channel data acquisition and control interface circuit according to the deviation between the feedback value of the high-precision oxygen concentration sensor and the target set value. For example, when it is detected that the oxygen concentration is lower than the set value, the intelligent collaborative control unit increases the output flow of the digital mass flow controller corresponding to the oxygen source, while correspondingly reducing the flow of the digital mass flow controller corresponding to the inert gas source, to dynamically match the ratio of oxygen and inert gas, ensuring that the oxygen concentration in the microenvironment chamber can quickly reach and accurately maintain at the set value.

[0027] At the same time, for relative humidity regulation, the intelligent collaborative control unit accurately controls the working state of the precise humidification unit and the high-efficiency dehumidification unit in the dynamic humidity regulation module and the opening of the electric precise gas shunt valve according to the feedback value of the high-precision humidity sensor. For example, when the humidity is lower than the set value, the intelligent collaborative control unit instructs the precise humidification unit (such as a membrane humidifier) to increase water output, and adjusts the electric precise gas shunt valve to increase the gas flow ratio of the humidification path; conversely, when the humidity is too high, the high-efficiency dehumidification unit (such as a Peltier condenser) is started, and the flow ratio of the dry gas path is increased through the shunt valve. This coordinated action of the humidification / dehumidification unit and the shunt valve realizes high-precision, wide-range and rapid dynamic control of the chamber humidity.

[0028] For gas pressure regulation, the intelligent collaborative control unit accurately controls the precise inlet pressure regulator and the precise exhaust pressure regulator in the active pressure regulation module according to the feedback value of the sensitive pressure sensor. When the chamber pressure is lower than the set value, the intelligent collaborative control unit instructs the precise inlet pressure regulator to increase the inlet flow, or instructs the precise exhaust pressure regulator to reduce the exhaust flow (or exhaust resistance), to achieve pressure increase; conversely, when the pressure is higher than the set value, the inlet flow is reduced or the exhaust flow is increased, to quickly respond and stabilize the gas pressure in the microenvironment chamber through pressure increase or pressure relief.

[0029] In addition, for temperature regulation, the intelligent collaborative control unit receives real-time temperature data from a high-precision platinum resistance temperature sensor and compares it with a pre-set temperature curve. Based on the calculation results of the PID algorithm, the intelligent collaborative control unit sends instructions to the high-precision PID temperature controller in the temperature control module, which accurately adjusts the power supply current and direction of the semiconductor refrigeration / heating sheet, thereby quickly and stably controlling the temperature in the micro-environment chamber to the set value, with the fluctuation amplitude controllable within a very small range.

[0030] During the entire regulation process, the multivariable decoupling control module in the intelligent collaborative control unit continuously monitors the potential cross-influence between various parameters. This module analyzes the coupling effect between parameters in real time through its built-in system transfer function matrix or machine learning-based prediction model. For example, when the oxygen concentration is greatly increased, causing the total flow to increase, the module will predict the transient pressure rise and humidity changes caused by this and send compensatory adjustment instructions in advance to the humidity regulation module and the active pressure regulation module, such as slightly opening the exhaust valve or fine-tuning the humidity / dry gas ratio while increasing the oxygen flow, thereby minimizing mutual interference during parameter changes and achieving highly collaborative and disturbance-free dynamic control. This forward-looking compensation mechanism is a significant advantage of the present application over traditional independent control systems.

[0031] All real-time sensing data, control instruction execution, and battery performance data (obtained through an integrated interface with external battery test instruments) are recorded by the data storage and communication module of the intelligent collaborative control unit at a high time resolution and transmitted in real time to an external data analysis platform through the communication interface for in-depth electrochemical analysis and performance evaluation by researchers. The entire system significantly improves the accuracy, dynamic response speed, and multi-parameter collaborative control capability of environmental parameter regulation by minimizing dead volume, using high-response-speed sensors and actuators, and integrating advanced decoupling control algorithms, providing a powerful tool for lithium-oxygen battery research and testing.

[0032] The working principle of a lithium-oxygen battery test environment regulation system of the present application is as follows: When the user sets the required test environment parameter curves (including oxygen concentration, relative humidity, gas pressure, and temperature) through the user interface of the intelligent collaborative control unit, the intelligent collaborative control unit first analyzes these pre-set curves and converts them into real-time target set values for each module.

[0033] Subsequently, the intelligent collaborative control unit performs independent closed-loop control on each environmental parameter according to the current real-time sensor data (from the multi-parameter integrated sensing module) through the built-in PID control algorithm. For example, for the oxygen concentration, the intelligent collaborative control unit accurately adjusts the output flow of each digital mass flow controller in the precise gas mixing and delivery module according to the deviation between the feedback value of the oxygen concentration sensor and the target set value, to dynamically match the proportion of oxygen and inert gas, ensuring that the oxygen concentration in the microenvironment chamber reaches and maintains the set value.

[0034] At the same time, for the relative humidity, the intelligent collaborative control unit accurately controls the working state of the humidification unit and the dehumidification unit in the dynamic humidity regulation module and the opening of the shunt valve, such as by accurately controlling the pressure difference of the membrane humidifier or the water temperature of the bubbler, and adjusting the flow ratio of the humid air path and the dry air path, to achieve the target relative humidity.

[0035] For gas pressure, the intelligent collaborative control unit accurately controls the inlet pressure regulator and outlet pressure regulator in the active pressure regulation module according to the feedback value of the pressure sensor, and quickly responds and stabilizes the gas pressure in the microenvironment chamber through pressurization or pressure relief.

[0036] During the entire regulation process, the multivariable decoupling control module in the intelligent collaborative control unit continuously monitors the potential cross-influence between parameters. For example, when the oxygen concentration is greatly increased, causing the total flow to increase, the module can predict the instantaneous disturbance it may cause to humidity and pressure, and send compensatory adjustment instructions to the humidity regulation module and pressure regulation module in advance, thereby minimizing mutual interference during parameter changes and achieving highly collaborative and disturbance-free dynamic control.

[0037] All real-time sensor data, control instruction execution, and battery performance data are recorded by the data storage and communication module of the intelligent collaborative control unit at high temporal resolution, and transmitted in real time to the external data analysis platform through the communication interface for in-depth electrochemical analysis and performance evaluation by researchers. The entire system significantly improves the accuracy, dynamic response speed, and multi-parameter collaborative control capability of environmental parameter regulation by minimizing dead volume, using high-response-speed sensors and actuators, and integrating advanced decoupling control algorithms.

[0038] Although embodiments of the present application have been shown and described above, it should be understood that the above-described embodiments are exemplary, and should not be construed as limiting the present application, and those of ordinary skill in the art can make modifications, modifications, replacements and variations to the above-described embodiments within the scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A lithium-oxygen battery test environment conditioning system, comprising: The application comprises: one or more battery test units, each of which is configured with one or more lithium-oxygen battery samples and has an independent micro-environment chamber for accommodating the lithium-oxygen battery samples and forming an independent gas environment; a precise gas mixing and delivery module arranged upstream of the micro-environment chamber for accurately mixing and delivering specific component gases to the micro-environment chamber according to preset parameters; a dynamic humidity control module arranged on the gas inlet path of the micro-environment chamber or inside the micro-environment chamber for real-time and accurate control of the relative humidity of the gas inside the micro-environment chamber; an active pressure regulation module arranged on the gas flow path of the micro-environment chamber for accurate and dynamic control of the gas pressure inside the micro-environment chamber; a multi-parameter integrated sensing module arranged inside the micro-environment chamber or at its proximal connection for real-time and high-precision acquisition of key environmental parameter data such as oxygen concentration, relative humidity, gas pressure and temperature inside the micro-environment chamber; and an intelligent collaborative control unit bidirectionally connected with the precise gas mixing and delivery module, the dynamic humidity control module, the active pressure regulation module and the multi-parameter integrated sensing module for data and control signal connection, for receiving sensing data, executing preset test programs and outputting control instructions to realize accurate, dynamic and collaborative control of the internal environmental parameters of the micro-environment chamber.

2. The lithium-oxygen battery test environment regulation system of claim 1, wherein, The precise gas mixing and delivery module comprises: at least two independent gas sources, including a high-purity oxygen source and a high-purity inert gas source, the inert gas source being a high-purity nitrogen source or a high-purity argon source; a plurality of digital mass flow controllers, each of which is independently connected with a gas source through a pipeline and accurately controlled by the intelligent collaborative control unit for accurate metering and regulation of the output flow of the respective gas source; the digital mass flow controller adopts micro-electromechanical system (MEMS) flow sensor technology, with a response time less than 100 milliseconds, a flow control accuracy better than ±0.5% of the full range, and a control range covering 0 to 5000 standard cubic centimeters per minute (SCCM); a gas mixer arranged downstream of the digital mass flow controller for fully mixing the metered gases from different gas sources to form a gas mixture of target components; the gas mixer adopts a spiral flow guide structure or a multi-layer grid structure to ensure the uniformity of gas mixing and reduce the mixing dead zone; and a gas delivery pipeline system for delivering the mixed gas output by the gas mixer to the gas inlet of the micro-environment chamber; the gas delivery pipeline system is composed of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) or stainless steel pipes with polished inner surfaces, and the inner diameter is optimized to minimize gas retention volume and wall adsorption effect.

3. The lithium-oxygen battery test environment regulation system of claim 1, wherein, The dynamic humidity control module comprises: a precise humidification unit for adding precisely controlled moisture to the gas mixture; the precise humidification unit is a membrane humidifier that uses a hydrophilic polymer membrane as a moisture molecule selective permeation medium, the effective area of the membrane is 100 square centimeters, and the gas is humidified in a droplet-free state by precisely controlling the gas pressure difference and temperature on both sides of the membrane, and the humidity control resolution reaches 0.1% relative humidity (RH); or the precise humidification unit is a precise temperature-controlled gas bubbler with a high-precision temperature sensor, which stabilizes the water temperature within ±0.1 degrees Celsius through a PID controller, thereby precisely controlling the dew point temperature of the gas; a high-efficiency dehumidification unit for removing excess moisture from the gas mixture; the high-efficiency dehumidification unit is a condensation dehumidifier based on semiconductor refrigeration (Peltier effect), with a refrigeration power of 60 watts, which can reduce the condensation surface temperature to below 5 degrees Celsius within 2 seconds, and precisely adjust the dew point of the gas by precisely controlling the condensation temperature; or the high-efficiency dehumidification unit is a regenerative adsorption dehumidifier filled with molecular sieve adsorbent and integrated with an electric heating regeneration function, with an adsorption capacity of not less than 20% (weight ratio) under standard conditions and a regeneration time of not more than 15 minutes; and at least two electrically operated precision gas distribution valves (33) arranged in the gas delivery pipeline system, respectively for controlling the gas flow of the humidified gas path and the dehumidified gas path, so as to achieve precise regulation of the target relative humidity by mixing gases of different humidity; the electrically operated precision gas distribution valve (33) is driven by a stepper motor and has a valve position resolution of more than 20,000 steps and a response time of less than 50 milliseconds; the dynamic humidity regulation module realizes a humidity control accuracy of ±1.0% RH and a humidity change response time of less than 5 seconds through a closed-loop control mechanism combined with high-precision humidity sensor feedback.

4. The lithium-oxygen battery test environment regulation system of claim 1, wherein, The active pressure regulation module includes: a high-sensitivity pressure sensor arranged inside the microenvironment chamber for real-time monitoring of the gas pressure in the chamber; the pressure sensor uses silicon-based MEMS technology, with a measurement range of 0 to 200 kilopascals (absolute pressure), an accuracy better than ±0.1% of full scale, and a response time of less than 1 millisecond; a precise inlet pressure regulator arranged between the precise gas mixing and delivery module and the microenvironment chamber for actively controlling the gas pressure entering the microenvironment chamber; the precise inlet pressure regulator is an electronic proportional pressure regulating valve with a control accuracy of 0.1 kilopascal and a response time of less than 50 milliseconds; and a precise exhaust pressure regulator arranged at the gas outlet of the micro-environment chamber to actively control the exhaust resistance of the micro-environment chamber, thereby indirectly or directly regulating the pressure inside the chamber; the precise exhaust pressure regulator is a micro proportional electromagnetic valve or an electronic pressure regulating valve connected to a high-precision vacuum pump, with an adjustment range covering 10-200 kPa and a pressure regulating accuracy better than 0.2 kPa; the active pressure regulating module is driven by the PID control algorithm executed by the intelligent cooperative control unit, through integration of the high-sensitivity pressure sensor, the precise intake pressure regulator and the precise exhaust pressure regulator, to realize dynamic and high-precision control of the pressure inside the micro-environment chamber, with a pressure fluctuation range controlled within ±0.5 kPa and a pressure change response time less than 2 seconds.

5. The lithium-oxygen battery test environment regulation system of claim 1, wherein, The multi-parameter integrated sensing module comprises: a high-precision oxygen concentration sensor adopting the principle of zirconia solid electrolyte sensor, with a measurement range of 0-100% oxygen concentration, a measurement accuracy better than ±0.5% oxygen concentration and a response time less than 2 seconds; a high-precision humidity sensor adopting the principle of polymer capacitive sensor, with a measurement range of 0-100% relative humidity, a measurement accuracy better than ±1.5% relative humidity and a response time less than 3 seconds; a high-precision temperature sensor adopting the principle of platinum resistance (Pt100 type) sensor, with a measurement range of -20-100 degrees Celsius, a measurement accuracy better than ±0.1 degrees Celsius and a response time less than 5 seconds; and a high-sensitivity pressure sensor adopting silicon-based MEMS technology, with a measurement range of 0-200 kPa (absolute pressure), an accuracy better than ±0.1% of the full scale and a response time less than 1 millisecond; all the sensors are closely integrated inside the micro-environment chamber or at the nearest end of the gas inlet and outlet thereof, and the sensing probe part adopts corrosion-resistant and low-adsorption inert materials to minimize the dead volume and ensure real-time and accurate monitoring of the real environment parameters of the chamber; sensor data are collected by a high-speed analog-to-digital converter (ADC) at a sampling frequency not lower than 100 Hz.

6. The lithium-oxygen battery test environment regulation system of claim 1, wherein, The intelligent cooperative control unit comprises: a high-performance embedded processor with a main frequency not lower than 200 MHz, integrated floating point operation unit and sufficient computing power to execute complex control algorithms; a multi-channel data acquisition and control interface circuit including high-resolution analog-to-digital converter (ADC) channels for acquiring sensor signals and high-precision digital-to-analog converter (DAC) channels or pulse width modulation (PWM) output ports for driving various actuators; a real-time operating system for managing multi-task concurrency, scheduling control algorithm execution and ensuring system response certainty; A core control algorithm library, which contains multiple parallel running closed-loop PID (proportional-integral-derivative) control algorithm modules, each of which is responsible for the independent control of oxygen concentration, humidity, and pressure; in addition, the algorithm library also contains a multivariable decoupling control module, which calculates and compensates the mutual interference effects between parameters in real time through a pre-established system transfer function matrix or a machine learning-based prediction model, thereby achieving collaborative disturbance-free control between parameters; A user interface and programming module to receive user input test curves or test programs, including oxygen concentration, humidity, pressure, and other parameters such as set values, change rates, and holding times as a function of time, and convert them into internal target values for the control algorithm, the user interface supports graphical programming, allowing users to create complex test sequences by dragging and dropping; A data storage and communication module for high-speed synchronous storage of sensor data, actuator status, control parameters, and battery performance data, and supports data transmission and remote monitoring with the host computer through Ethernet or Modbus TCP / IP protocol, all data are recorded at high time resolution.

7. The lithium-oxygen battery test environment regulation system of claim 1, wherein, It also includes a temperature control module for precise temperature control of the lithium-oxygen battery sample in the microenvironment chamber, which includes: A semiconductor refrigeration / heating sheet directly attached to the outside of the microenvironment chamber or integrated into the bottom, with a refrigeration / heating power of 100 watts and a temperature control range of -10 to 80 degrees Celsius; A high-precision platinum resistance temperature sensor is placed near the battery sample inside the microenvironment chamber to provide real-time temperature feedback; A high-precision proportional-integral-derivative (PID) temperature controller is electrically connected to the semiconductor refrigeration / heating sheet and the high-precision platinum resistance temperature sensor and controlled by the intelligent collaborative control unit to achieve precise control of the temperature inside the microenvironment chamber, with a temperature fluctuation of ±0.1 degrees Celsius and a temperature change rate of 5 degrees Celsius per minute.

8. The lithium-oxygen battery test environment regulation system of claim 1, wherein, The microenvironment chamber is made of high-purity quartz glass or polyether ether ketone (PEEK) material, with excellent air tightness, corrosion resistance, and chemical inertness; the internal volume of the chamber is optimized, with an effective volume of no more than 50 milliliters to minimize gas replacement time; the chamber is equipped with a dedicated gas inlet and outlet, which uses a stainless steel collar joint or a quick plug joint; the chamber is integrated with multiple miniature sensor mounting holes to accommodate the sensor probes of the multi-parameter integrated sensing module and ensure that the probes are close to the battery sample; the chamber also has a sealed wire hole for lithium-oxygen battery sample electrode leads, using epoxy resin or glass-metal sealing technology to ensure electrical connection reliability and air tightness under different pressure conditions.

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