Mechanizable solar greenhouses based on the transformation of excavated thick earthen wall greenhouses

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of vegetable cultivation technology and is a mechanized solar greenhouse based on the transformation of a dugout-type thick earthen wall greenhouse. It includes a rear slope wall, a gable wall, a front roof, and cultivation beds. The lower end of the rear slope wall is supported by a heat storage wall transformed from the original greenhouse rear wall. The top of the heat storage wall is equipped with support rod one and support rod two, which are connected to the front roof. The cultivation beds have N parallel cultivation ridges extending along the length of the greenhouse, and each cultivation ridge has two parallel shallow cultivation trenches extending along its length. This invention solves the problems of traditional dugout-type thick earthen wall solar greenhouses in achieving high soil utilization, high light energy utilization efficiency, good greenhouse heat storage, mechanization adaptability, and high greenhouse safety.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of vegetable cultivation technology, specifically to an mechanized solar greenhouse based on the transformation of a dug-out thick earthen wall greenhouse. Background Technology

[0002] Traditional excavated thick earthen walls are constructed using excavators and bulldozers, with wall thicknesses ranging from 7 to 9 meters or even greater. These thick earthen walls possess excellent heat storage capacity, absorbing and storing solar heat during the day and slowly releasing it at night to maintain the temperature inside the greenhouse. However, over time, problems with excavated thick earthen wall greenhouses have become increasingly apparent. These include excessive pillars in the work area leading to low mechanization levels, inefficient land use due to the excessive thickness of the earthen walls, and poor lighting effects due to the sunken cultivation beds. These issues severely restrict the sustainable development of the facility industry, necessitating the renovation of outdated excavated thick earthen wall greenhouses to adapt to the needs of modern agriculture.

[0003] A prior art patent, CN119014244A, discloses a method for improving the land use efficiency of old, excavated, thick-walled greenhouses. The method involves first, based on the corrosion and deformation of the original roof frame, retaining or removing the original roof frame, and then dismantling all components of the old greenhouse except for the roof frame and the surrounding walls. Next, the north-side thick-walled structure is modified by thinning and lowering the original wall to create a new, low, thin wall. Protective measures for the north-side wall are determined based on the soil quality before modification and the condition of the wall after modification. The gable wall and greenhouse entrance are modified by placing the portal frame within the gable wall on one side of the original entrance. The greenhouse roof structure is also modified. Finally, the front drainage ditch is repaired or newly constructed. This modification method is low-cost, eliminates the need for off-site soil transportation, and results in a greenhouse with high land use efficiency, good stability and light and temperature performance, good machine adaptability, and low risk of rainwater backflow.

[0004] The existing technologies, including the aforementioned patents and documents, have gradually revealed their shortcomings with use, mainly in the following aspects:

[0005] The existing methods rely on experience to thin and lower the original thick earthen wall on the north side, resulting in difficulties in achieving a balance between soil utilization and greenhouse heat storage after the wall is cut. For example, the thickness and height of the heat storage wall are insufficient, leading to inadequate heat storage in the greenhouse and an inability to meet the requirements for maintaining a suitable temperature; the thickness of the heat storage wall is too large, resulting in low land utilization; at the same time, the optimization of the planting space layout for east-west mechanized cultivation has not been fully considered, and the number and distribution of east-west cultivation ridges are not coordinated with the width of the greenhouse; the number of columns in the greenhouse planting area has been reduced, affecting safety performance.

[0006] In conclusion, the existing technology obviously has inconveniences and defects in practical use, so it is necessary to improve it. Summary of the Invention

[0007] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a mechanized solar greenhouse based on the transformation of a dug-out thick earthen wall greenhouse, which solves the problems of traditional dug-out thick earthen wall solar greenhouses in achieving high soil utilization, high light energy utilization efficiency, good greenhouse heat storage, mechanization adaptability, and high greenhouse safety.

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0009] The mechanized solar greenhouse, based on the transformation of a dugout-style thick earthen wall greenhouse, includes a rear slope wall, gable wall, front roof, and cultivation beds.

[0010] The lower end of the rear slope wall is supported on the heat storage wall, which was converted from the original greenhouse rear wall.

[0011] The top of the heat storage wall is respectively equipped with support rod one and support rod two, which are connected to the front roof.

[0012] The cultivation bed is provided with N cultivation ridges extending along the length of the greenhouse, and each cultivation ridge is provided with two cultivation shallow trenches extending along the length.

[0013] As an optimized solution, the height H2 of the lower edge of the front roof, which is 0.5m away from the bottom of the front roof, is 1.5m.

[0014] As an optimized solution, the rear slope wall includes an inclined rear insulation wall and rear and front columns located on either side of the rear insulation wall.

[0015] The bottom end of the front column is connected to the bottom front of the heat storage wall, and the front column is close to the heat storage wall. The bottom end of the rear column is connected to the bottom back of the heat storage wall, and the rear column is close to the heat storage wall.

[0016] The top of the rear insulation wall is connected to the top of the front column, and the rear insulation wall is sealed to the front roof. The bottom of the rear insulation wall is connected to the junction of the rear column and the heat storage wall, and the rear insulation wall is sealed to the heat storage wall.

[0017] The rear insulation wall includes a support frame, with an insulation blanket on the back of the support frame and a polystyrene foam board and a reflective curtain arranged sequentially on the front of the support frame.

[0018] As an optimized solution, the angle A between the virtual line connecting the top of the front column and the bottom of the front roof and the ground plane is the latitude -10.5°.

[0019] As an optimized solution, the bottom end of the support rod is connected to the junction of the front column and the heat storage wall, and the top end is connected to the main arch frame of the front roof. The angle B between the support rod and the ground plane is 101° - latitude.

[0020] The bottom end of the second support rod is connected to the junction of the front column and the heat storage wall, and the top end is connected to the main arch frame of the front roof. The angle C between the second support rod and the ground plane is not less than 112° - 2 × latitude and less than 101° - latitude.

[0021] As an optimized approach, the relationship between the number N of the cultivation ridges, the cutting thickness L1 of the inner side of the original greenhouse rear wall, and the span L of the original greenhouse is as follows:

[0022] L1 = (1.2 × N - 0.9) / tan(66.5° - latitude) + 0.9 / tan(74° - latitude) - L + 0.5

[0023] Where N is an integer, 9≤L≤12, L1≤1 / 2L0, L0 is the original width of the bottom of the rear wall of the greenhouse, and L0≥5m.

[0024] As an optimized solution, the relationship between the height H1 and the bottom width L2 of the heat storage wall simultaneously satisfies the following requirements:

[0025] L2 = [(L + L1) × tan(latitude - 10.5°) - H1] / tan(101° – latitude).

[0026] L2 = 0.4 × (L + L1) / H1,

[0027] And H1>1.5m.

[0028] As an optimized approach, the distance L3 between the cultivation trench near the heat storage wall and the heat storage wall is 0.9 / tan(74° - latitude).

[0029] As an optimized scheme, the distance L4 between two adjacent cultivation ridges is 1.2 / tan(66.5° - latitude).

[0030] As an optimized approach, the distance L5 between two shallow cultivation furrows on adjacent cultivation ridges is 0.9 / tan(66.5° - latitude).

[0031] As an optimized approach, the distance L6 between two shallow furrows on the same cultivation ridge is 0.3 / tan(66.5° - latitude).

[0032] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0033] 1. This invention improves land use efficiency. By thinning and lowering the thick earthen wall on the north side of the original greenhouse, the wall's footprint is reduced, thus improving land use efficiency. For example, a 12m span, a 7m wide rear wall base, and a 200m east-west length underground thick earthen wall greenhouse can be rebuilt. The renovated mechanized greenhouse occupies a width of 17.06m and can be planted in 7 rows; the original greenhouse occupies a width of 19.0m and can be planted in 5.5 rows east-west without affecting light energy utilization. This invention increases the relative land utilization rate by 41.7%.

[0034] 2. The modified greenhouse of this invention retains the north-side earthen wall, providing a good heat storage body and ensuring the greenhouse's winter production performance. The greenhouse's heat storage and insulation performance is expressed as the lowest nighttime temperature. When the outdoor temperature is -15.6℃ to -14.9℃, the lowest temperature in the greenhouse of this invention is 13.6℃, ​​and its heat storage and insulation performance is comparable to the original excavated thick earthen wall greenhouse.

[0035] 3. This invention effectively improves the problem of light shading between canopies caused by the east-west orientation of mechanized cultivation in solar greenhouses, while maximizing land utilization. The light intensity distribution is uniform, crops capture more sunlight, and light energy utilization efficiency is high. Compared with the conventional east-west orientation cultivation mode in an unmodified underground solar greenhouse, the indoor light intensity is increased by 23.8%.

[0036] 4. This invention solves the problem of insufficient support columns and low safety performance in existing mechanized cultivation greenhouses. By setting up support rod one and support rod two, the load can be better transferred after being connected to the top of the greenhouse frame, which not only does not affect the mechanization of the greenhouse, but also ensures the safety and stability of the greenhouse structure.

[0037] The technical solution of this invention can be used to modify the excavated thick earth wall solar greenhouse, which can achieve five optimizations: high soil utilization rate, high light energy utilization efficiency, good greenhouse heat storage capacity, mechanization adaptability, and high greenhouse safety.

[0038] In summary, this invention perfectly integrates the greenhouse structure with the planting space layout, ensuring that the heat storage wall, the cultivation bed surface, and the crop plants receive ample sunlight while increasing the number of planting rows, maximizing soil utilization efficiency, and achieving a balance between soil utilization and light energy utilization efficiency. Simultaneously, the heat storage wall is scientifically designed according to reasonable parameters, ensuring that the wall does not excessively occupy land while meeting heat storage requirements, achieving a balance between soil utilization and greenhouse heat storage. Furthermore, by using support rod one and support rod two to replace the pillars in the planting area, mechanization is not compromised while ensuring the safety and stability of the greenhouse structure, achieving a balance between mechanization adaptation and greenhouse safety. Attached Figure Description

[0039] To more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the specific embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. In all the drawings, similar elements or parts are generally identified by similar reference numerals. In the drawings, the elements or parts are not necessarily drawn to scale.

[0040] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structural parameters of the present invention.

[0041] In the diagram: 1-Back slope wall; 2-Heat storage wall; 3-Front roof; 4-Support rod one; 5-Support rod two; 6-Cultivation bed; 7-Cultivation ridge; 8-Cultivation ditch; 9-Rear column; 10-Front column; 11-Gable wall. Detailed Implementation

[0042] The embodiments of the technical solution of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. These embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical solution of the present invention and are therefore intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0043] Example 1,

[0044] like Figure 1 As shown, the mechanized solar greenhouse based on the transformation of a dug-out thick earthen wall greenhouse includes a rear slope wall 1, a gable wall 11, a front roof 3, and cultivation beds 6.

[0045] The lower end of the rear slope wall 1 is supported on the heat storage wall 2, which is a modified version of the original greenhouse rear wall.

[0046] Heat storage wall 2 is the remaining part after the original rear wall of the greenhouse was cut off.

[0047] The top of the heat storage wall 2 is equipped with support rod 4 and support rod 5, which are connected to the front roof 3.

[0048] The cultivation bed 6 has N cultivation ridges 7 extending along the length of the greenhouse, and each cultivation ridge 7 has two cultivation shallow trenches 8 extending along the length.

[0049] The height H2 of the lower edge of the front roof 3, which is 0.5m away from the bottom of the cultivation bed 6, is 1.5m.

[0050] The rear slope wall 1 includes an inclined rear insulation wall and rear columns 9 and front columns 10 located on both sides of the rear insulation wall.

[0051] The bottom end of the front column 10 is connected to the bottom front of the heat storage wall 2, and the front column 10 is close to the heat storage wall 2. The bottom end of the rear column 9 is connected to the bottom back of the heat storage wall 2, and the rear column 9 is close to the heat storage wall 2.

[0052] The top of the rear insulation wall is connected to the top of the front column 10, and the rear insulation wall is sealed to the front roof 3. The bottom of the rear insulation wall is connected to the junction of the rear column 9 and the heat storage wall 2, and the rear insulation wall is sealed to the heat storage wall 2.

[0053] The rear insulation wall includes a support frame, with an insulation blanket on the back of the support frame and a polystyrene foam board and a reflective curtain on the front of the support frame.

[0054] The thickness of the polystyrene foam board is 10-12cm; the reflective screen includes a silver-white aluminized polyester film, and the thermal insulation blanket includes a rainproof thermal insulation blanket.

[0055] The angle A between the virtual line connecting the top of the front column 10 and the bottom of the front roof 3 and the ground plane is -10.5° of the latitude.

[0056] The bottom end of the support rod 4 is connected to the junction of the front column 10 and the heat storage wall 2, and the top end is connected to the main arch frame of the front roof 3. The angle B between the support rod 4 and the ground plane is 101° - latitude.

[0057] The bottom end of the second support rod 5 is connected to the junction of the front column 10 and the heat storage wall 2, and the top end is connected to the main arch frame of the front roof 3. The angle C between the second support rod 5 and the ground plane is not less than 112° - 2 × latitude and less than 101° - latitude.

[0058] The relationship between the number of cultivation ridges N, the thickness L1 of the inner side of the original greenhouse rear wall, and the span L of the original greenhouse:

[0059] L1 = (1.2 × N - 0.9) / tan(66.5° - latitude) + 0.9 / tan(74° - latitude) - L + 0.5

[0060] Where N is an integer, 9≤L≤12, L1≤1 / 2L0, L0 is the original width of the bottom of the rear wall of the greenhouse, and L0≥5m.

[0061] The relationship between the height H1 and the bottom width L2 of the heat storage wall 2 simultaneously meets the following requirements:

[0062] L2 = [(L + L1) × tan(latitude - 10.5°) - H1] / tan(101° – latitude).

[0063] L2 = 0.4 × (L + L1) / H1,

[0064] And H1>1.5m.

[0065] The distance L3 between the cultivation ditch 8 on the north side of the northernmost cultivation ridge 7 and the heat storage wall 2 is 0.9 / tan(74° - latitude).

[0066] The distance L4 between two adjacent cultivation ridges 7 is 1.2 / tan(66.5° - latitude).

[0067] The distance L5 between two shallow cultivation furrows 8 on adjacent cultivation ridges 7 is 0.9 / tan(66.5° - latitude).

[0068] The distance L6 between the two shallow cultivation furrows 8 on the same cultivation ridge 7 is 0.3 / tan(66.5° - latitude).

[0069] The original greenhouse refers to the excavated, thick-walled greenhouse before its renovation.

[0070] Example 2,

[0071] In a location at 37° North latitude, a 12m-span excavated thick-walled greenhouse was converted into a mechanized solar greenhouse according to the scheme in Example 1. The original excavated thick-walled greenhouse had a rear wall base width of 7m and an east-west length of 200m. The converted mechanized solar greenhouse includes a rear slope wall 1, a heat storage wall 2, a gable wall 11, a front roof 3, and cultivation beds 6.

[0072] The heat storage wall 2 is the remaining part of the rear wall of the excavated thick earth wall greenhouse before the renovation, after it was cut off.

[0073] The cultivation beds are arranged in a row of 6 rows with 7 cultivation ridges.

[0074] The height of the lower edge of the frame of the front roof 3, which is 0.5m away from the bottom of the cultivation bed 6, is 1.5m.

[0075] The angle A between the virtual line connecting the top of the front column 10 and the bottom edge of the front end of the front roof 3 and the ground plane is 26.5°.

[0076] Based on the geographical latitude of 37°, the number of cultivation ridges 7, and the above-mentioned known parameters, the following parameters are determined:

[0077] Angle B between support rod 4 and the ground plane:

[0078] Angle B = 101° - latitude = 64°.

[0079] Angle C between support rod 25 and the ground plane:

[0080] The included angle C = 112° - 2 × latitude = 38°.

[0081] Thickness L1 of the inner side of the rear wall of the original excavated thick earthen wall greenhouse:

[0082] L1 = (1.2 × N - 0.9) / tan(66.5° - latitude) + 0.9 / tan(74° - latitude) - L + 0.5 = 2.95m

[0083] Width of planting area in mechanized solar greenhouse:

[0084] Lxin = L + L1 = 12 + 2.95 = 14.95m

[0085] Height of mechanized solar greenhouse:

[0086] H = Lxin × tan26.5° = 7.5m

[0087] The height H1 and bottom width L2 of the heat storage wall 2:

[0088] From the system of equations

[0089]

[0090] A reasonable value was obtained:

[0091] H1=2.45m

[0092] L2=2.11m

[0093] The distance L3 between the northernmost cultivation ridge 7 and the north side cultivation trench 8 and the heat storage wall 2:

[0094] L3 = 0.9 / tan(74° - latitude) = 1.19m

[0095] The spacing L4 between two adjacent cultivation ridges 7:

[0096] L4 = 1.2 / tan(66.5° - latitude) = 2.12m

[0097] The distance L5 between the cultivation shallow trench 8 on the north side of the previous cultivation ridge 7 and the cultivation shallow trench 8 on the south side of the adjacent cultivation ridge 7:

[0098] L5 = 0.9 / tan(66.5° - latitude) = 1.59m

[0099] The spacing L6 between two shallow cultivation furrows (7 and 8) on the same cultivation ridge:

[0100] L6 = 0.3 / tan(66.5° - latitude) = 0.53m

[0101] After determining the above parameters, the greenhouse was renovated, including,

[0102] Step 1: Remove the original front roof frame of the excavated thick earthen wall greenhouse, the original rear roof fixed columns of the excavated thick earthen wall greenhouse, and all components outside the enclosure wall.

[0103] Step two: Remove the excavated thick earthen wall of the greenhouse and backfill the greenhouse floor with the excavated soil.

[0104] Step 3: Modify the original deep-walled earthen structure on the north side of the greenhouse. Thin and lower the rear wall of the original deep-walled earthen structure to form the modified heat storage wall 2. Specifically, the inner thickness of the original deep-walled earthen structure rear wall is 2.95m, and the outer thickness is 1.94m. The stripped soil is then backfilled onto the greenhouse floor. After backfilling, the height of heat storage wall 2 is 2.45m.

[0105] Step 4: Install the rear slope wall 1. The rear slope wall 1 includes an inclined rear insulation wall and rear columns 9 and front columns 10 located on either side of the rear insulation wall. The front column 10 is installed at the bottom of the inner edge of the modified heat storage wall 2, and the rear column 9 is installed at the bottom of the outer edge. Both the front column 10 and the rear column 9 are close to the heat storage wall 2, and the front column 10 and the rear column 9 are at the same height. The highest point of the front column 10 is the same as the highest point of the front roof 3.

[0106] The top of the rear insulation wall connects to the top of the front column 10, and the bottom of the rear insulation wall connects to the junction of the rear column 9 and the heat storage wall 2. The rear insulation wall is also sealed to both the front roof 3 and the heat storage wall 2. The rear insulation wall consists of a supporting frame, a 12cm thick polystyrene foam board, a rainproof insulation blanket with a thermal conductivity of 0.05W / (m·K), and a reflective screen. The polystyrene foam board is fixed to the supporting frame, the insulation blanket is fixed to the outside of the polystyrene foam board, and the reflective screen is fixed to the inside of the polystyrene foam board. The reflective screen uses a silver-white aluminized polyester film, with the aluminized surface facing the cultivation bed during installation. The upper end of the reflective screen is fixed to the top of the front roof 3, and pressure strips are installed at the middle and lower ends for fixation.

[0107] A top operating platform is installed on the top of the rear column 9 and the front column 10.

[0108] Step 5: Set up the gable wall according to the dimensions of the modified greenhouse roof. The gable wall consists of a supporting frame and two layers of polystyrene foam board. The thickness of the two layers of polystyrene foam board is 12cm. The two layers of polystyrene foam board are fixed to the supporting frame.

[0109] Step 6: Replace the front roof frame 3 according to the relevant parameters mentioned above.

[0110] Step 7: Install the support rods. Weld the bottom ends of support rod 1 (4) and support rod 2 (5) to the connection between the front column 10 and the heat storage wall 2, respectively. Weld the top ends of support rod 1 (4) and support rod 2 (5) to the main arch frame of the front roof 3, respectively. After installation, the angles between support rod 1 (4), support rod 2 (5) and the ground plane should meet the above parameter requirements. Support rod 1 (4), support rod 2 (5), and the front column 10 should be on the same plane. The plane containing support rod 1 (4), support rod 2 (5), and the front column 10 should be perpendicular to the heat storage wall 2.

[0111] Step 8: Set up cultivation ridges 7. From south to north on the cultivation bed 6, the cultivation ridges are arranged as follows: cultivation ridge ①, cultivation ridge ②, cultivation ridge ③, cultivation ridge ④, cultivation ridge ⑤, cultivation ridge ⑥, and cultivation ridge ⑦. Each cultivation ridge 7 has two shallow cultivation furrows 8. The cultivation ridges 7 and the shallow cultivation furrows 8 meet the above parameter requirements.

[0112] Comparative Example 1,

[0113] A sunken greenhouse with the same structure as the original deep-soil greenhouse in Example 2 is constructed, with a span of 12m, a length of 200m, and a rear wall base width of 7m. Cultivation ridges are set up according to a conventional east-west oriented planting pattern. Excluding the 1m wide indoor aisle and the 0.5m shading area at the front end of the roof, six cultivation ridges are set up, arranged from south to north on the cultivation bed as follows: Cultivation Ridge ①, Cultivation Ridge ②, Cultivation Ridge ③, Cultivation Ridge ④, Cultivation Ridge ⑤, and Cultivation Ridge ⑥. The distance between two adjacent cultivation ridges is 2.0m, and the shallow cultivation furrows on the cultivation ridges are set up in the same way as in Example 2.

[0114] Experimental Example 1,

[0115] In December 2023, experiments were conducted in the greenhouses shown in Example 2 and Comparative Example 1 to measure the light environment of the cultivation bed soil surface and plant canopy, and to determine the lowest indoor temperature. Tomatoes were planted in two greenhouses (transplanted on November 7, 2023), planted along the middle of the shallow cultivation trench, with a total depth of 667m. 2 2200 plants were planted, and the vines were trellised 30 days after planting. Comparative Example 1 was identical in variety and cultivation method except for the spacing between planting rows. For 10 days around the winter solstice, the height of the plant's growing point was controlled by lowering the vines, ensuring the length from the growing point along the trellise rope to the ground was no more than 0.9m.

[0116] Light environment measurement: One plant was selected for testing in each row from south to north in the middle of the two greenhouses. Two testing points were selected for each plant in the shallow planting furrow on the south side of each planting ridge: a) the boundary between the plant and the ground, and b) the plant's growing point. One testing point was selected for each plant in the shallow planting furrow on the north side of each planting ridge: c) 0.6m above the ground. Light intensity was measured using an ST-80C portable lux meter (accuracy: ±3%). The light intensity at each monitoring point was measured at noon (12:00) on the winter solstice. The monitoring results are shown in Table 1.

[0117] Minimum temperature measurement: The minimum indoor temperature was measured from December 1st to 31st; the temperature was automatically measured and recorded using an RC-5+ temperature recorder (0.1 degree resolution); the temperature recorder was suspended below the frame of each greenhouse, located 0.5m from the bottom front corner of the greenhouse along the east-west direction. A temperature recorder was also suspended at the same height outdoors to monitor the outdoor temperature.

[0118]

[0119] As shown in Table 1, the light intensity monitoring results at the junction of the plants and the ground at point a on the south side of the cultivation furrow in the greenhouse of Example 2 were consistent, with an average value of 322.9 μmol / (m²). 2 The light intensity monitoring results at the plant growth point b on the south side of the cultivation ridge (·s) were consistent with those at the shallow cultivation furrow on the south side of the cultivation ridge, with an average value of 323.6 μmol / (m). 2 The light intensity monitoring results at a distance of 0.6 m above the ground from the plants in the shallow planting furrow on the north side of the cultivation ridge were consistent with those of the previous monitoring, with an average value of 323.2 μmol / (m²). 2 ·s), there was no difference in light intensity monitoring results at the junction of the plant and the ground, the plant's growing point, and 0.6m above the ground. In Example 2, the greenhouse light intensity distribution was uniform, and the entire crop could uniformly intercept sunlight. Both the crops and the soil surface inside the greenhouse could intercept sufficient sunlight. The crops intercepted the sunlight for photosynthesis, and the soil surface intercepted the sunlight for heat storage, resulting in high light energy utilization efficiency in the greenhouse.

[0120] In Comparative Example 1 greenhouse, the light intensity monitoring results at the junction of the plants and the ground on the south side of the cultivation ridge (a) were consistent, with an average value of 179.7 μmol / (m²). 2 The light intensity monitoring results at the plant growth point b on the south side of the cultivation ridge (·s) were consistent with those at the shallow cultivation furrow on the south side of the cultivation ridge, with an average value of 320.7 μmol / (m). 2 The light intensity monitoring results at a distance of 0.6 m above the ground from the plants in the shallow planting furrow on the north side of the cultivation ridge were consistent, with an average value of 282.8 μmol / (m²). 2 ·s). The light intensity monitoring results at the plant-ground interface, the plant growth point, and 0.6m above the ground showed significant differences. Comparative Example 1 showed that the light intensity distribution in the greenhouse was uneven and the light energy utilization efficiency of the greenhouse was low.

[0121] Example 2: Average light intensity at each monitoring point in the greenhouse was 323.2 μmol / (m²). 2 The light intensity distribution was uniform, with a coefficient of variation of 0.7%; the average light intensity at each monitoring point in the greenhouse in Comparative Example 1 was 261.1 μmol / (m²). 2 The coefficient of variation was 23.5%, indicating that the light intensity distribution was uneven. In Example 2, the indoor light intensity was increased by 23.8%. The coefficient of variation of light intensity in Example 2 was much smaller than that in Comparative Example 1, which shows that the present invention effectively improved the problem of light shading between the canopies of the solar greenhouse, and the light distribution and light intensity within and between rows tended to be uniform.

[0122] Following heavy snowfall in Shouguang City from December 14th to 18th, a cold wave occurred. On the 18th, the lowest outdoor temperature was -15.6℃. The lowest temperature in the greenhouse of this invention was 13.6℃, ​​while the lowest temperature in the unmodified excavated earthen wall greenhouse was 13.5℃, showing no difference between the two. Based on the cold wave, the heat storage and insulation performance of the greenhouse of this invention is good, making it feasible and effective for modifying existing excavated thick earthen wall greenhouses.

[0123] Experimental Example 2,

[0124] Simulated snow load tests were conducted on three structural modes: the present invention, the present invention with support rod 2 removed, and the present invention with support rod 1 removed and support rod 2 removed. Water bags were evenly distributed on the upper part of the greenhouse roof, and the load was gradually applied, with a snow load value of 0.20 kN / m. 2 No obvious deformation, abnormal noise, or loosening of joints were observed in any of the three structural modes; the snow load value was 0.25 KN / m. 2 When the present invention eliminates obvious deformation, abnormal noise, or loosening of joints in support rod one and support rod two, the snow load value is 0.35KN / m. 2 When the present invention reduces the obvious deformation, abnormal noise or loosening of the joints of the second support rod, the snow load value is 0.60KN / m. 2 No abnormalities were found in this invention. For greenhouses with the same span and front roof structure, the snow load value of the double-support rod structure can be increased by more than 100%. The addition of the second support rod can also eliminate the safety hazards caused by the instantaneous increase in pressure on the front roof during the rolling and unrolling of the insulation blanket.

[0125] Shouguang City experienced heavy snowfall on December 13-14, 2023, with snow depths exceeding 5 cm in some townships and blizzard conditions in some areas. Some underground greenhouses near this invention suffered roof collapses or frame deformation due to excessive snow accumulation. Real-time monitoring of the snow load on this invention after the snowfall revealed no frame deformation.

[0126] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit them. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features therein. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, and they should all be covered within the scope of the claims and specification of the present invention.

Claims

1. A mechanized sunlight greenhouse based on the reconstruction of a thick soil wall greenhouse, comprising a back slope wall (1), a gable wall (11), a front roof (3) and a cultivation bed (6), characterized in that: the lower end of the back slope wall (1) is supported on a heat storage wall (2) reconstructed from the original greenhouse back wall, the top of the heat storage wall (2) is respectively provided with a support rod one (4) and a support rod two (5) connected with the front roof (3), the cultivation bed (6) is provided with N cultivation ridges (7) extending along the length direction of the greenhouse, and each cultivation ridge (7) is provided with two cultivation furrows (8) extending along the length direction; the number N of the cultivation ridges (7) and the thickness L1 of the inside cut of the original greenhouse back wall and the span L of the original greenhouse satisfy the following relationship: L1= (1.2×N-0.9) / tan (66.5°-the latitude) +0.9 / tan (74°-the latitude) -L+0.5, wherein N is an integer, 9≤L≤12, L0 is the bottom width of the original greenhouse back wall, L0≥5m, and L1≤1 / 2L0; the height H1 of the heat storage wall (2) and the bottom width L2 satisfy the following requirements: L2=[ (L+L1) ×tan (the latitude-10.5°) -H1] / tan (101°-the latitude), L2=0.4× (L+L1) / H1, and H1>1.5m; the distance L3 between the cultivation furrow (8) close to the heat storage wall (2) and the heat storage wall (2) is 0.9 / tan (74°-the latitude); the front roof (3) lower edge height H2 of the cultivation bed (6) from the bottom foot of the front roof (3) is 1.5m; the back slope wall (1) comprises an inclined back thermal insulation wall and back columns (9) and front columns (10) separately located on both sides of the back thermal insulation wall; the bottom end of the front column (10) is connected with the front bottom of the heat storage wall (2), the bottom end of the back column (9) is connected with the back bottom of the heat storage wall (2); the top end of the back thermal insulation wall is connected with the top end of the front column (10), and the bottom end of the back thermal insulation wall is connected with the connection part of the back column (9) and the heat storage wall (2); the angle A between the virtual connection line between the top end of the front column (10) and the bottom foot of the front roof (3) and the ground plane is the latitude-10.5°; the bottom end of the support rod one (4) is connected with the connection part of the front column (10) and the heat storage wall (2), the top end of the support rod one (4) is connected with the main arch of the front roof (3), and the angle B between the support rod one (4) and the ground plane is 101°-the latitude; the bottom end of the support rod two (5) is connected with the connection part of the front column (10) and the heat storage wall (2), the top end of the support rod two (5) is connected with the main arch of the front roof (3), and the angle C between the support rod two (5) and the ground plane is not less than 112°-2×the latitude; the distance L4 between the adjacent two cultivation ridges (7) is 1.2 / tan (66.5°-the latitude). ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 2. The mechanized, sunlit greenhouse based on reconstruction of the thick soil wall of the undercut type according to claim 1, characterized in that: ​ 3. The mechanized-based retrofit of a below-grade thick earth wall greenhouse according to claim 1, characterized in that: ​ ​ ​ 4. The mechanized, sunlit greenhouse based on reconstruction of the thick soil wall of the undercut type according to claim 3, characterized in that: ​ 5. The mechanized, sunlit greenhouse based on the reconstruction of the thick earth wall of the undercut type according to claim 3, characterized in that: ​ ​ 6. The mechanized, sunlit greenhouse based on the reconstruction of the thick earth wall of the cut-and-cover type according to claim 1, characterized in that: ​ 7. The mechanized, sunlit greenhouse based on the reconstruction of the thick earth wall of the cut-and-cover type according to claim 1, characterized in that: The interval L5 of two cultivation furrows (8) on the adjacent cultivation ridge (7) is 0.9 / tan(66.5°-the latitude); The interval L6 of two cultivation furrows (8) on the same cultivation ridge (7) is 0.3 / tan(66.5°-the latitude).

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