Battery

Abstract

The invention relates to a battery. A battery is provided with an electrode body in which a positive electrode current collector, a positive electrode active material layer, a solid electrolyte layer, a negative electrode active material layer, and a negative electrode current collector are laminated, and the spring constant in the lamination direction of the electrode body is 27000 kN / cm or less.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure relates to batteries. Background Technology

[0002] Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2022-108509 discloses a method of covering the power generation elements of an all-solid-state battery with an elastomer whose Young's modulus is lower than that of a solid electrolyte, thereby absorbing the expansion and contraction during charging and discharging. Summary of the Invention

[0003] When elastomers are used in this way, they occupy a portion of the battery, thus reducing the volume of the corresponding battery components and lowering the energy density.

[0004] Therefore, the objective of this disclosure is to provide a battery capable of suppressing the reduction in energy density.

[0005] This application discloses a battery comprising: a positive current collector, a positive active material layer, a solid electrolyte layer, a negative active material layer, and an electrode body formed by stacking the negative current collector, wherein the spring constant in the stacking direction of the electrode body is less than 27000 kN / cm.

[0006] The filling rate of the negative electrode active material layer can be below 80%.

[0007] The active material in the negative electrode active material layer can be Si, and Si can be particles coated with the binder material contained in the negative electrode active material layer.

[0008] The active material of the negative electrode active material layer can be a Si alloy, and the Si alloy can be a porous body with a pore volume of 0.3 mL / g.

[0009] The solid electrolyte contained in the solid electrolyte layer can be a sulfide or an organic polymer.

[0010] The negative current collector can be aluminum foil.

[0011] According to the battery disclosed herein, the proportion of elastomer in the total volume of the battery can be reduced, and the reduction in battery energy density caused by the elastomer's occupancy can be suppressed. Attached Figure Description

[0012] The features, advantages, and technical and industrial significance of exemplary embodiments of the present invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein like reference numerals denote like elements, and wherein:

[0013] Figure 1 A diagram illustrating the layered structure of an all-solid-state battery.

[0014] Figure 2 A diagram illustrating the determination of the spring constant of the electrode. Detailed Implementation

[0015] 1. Battery composition

[0016] Figure 1 A diagram illustrating one embodiment of a solid-state battery (all-solid-state battery) is shown. While an all-solid-state battery is illustrated as a typical example, this disclosure is not necessarily an all-solid-state battery and can be applied to any type of battery having electrodes and a sealed outer packaging (e.g., a solid-state battery containing a solid electrolyte and a liquid electrolyte solution (semi-solid-state battery)). Figure 1 The diagram shows the layered structure of the electrode body 11 included in a solid-state battery. A solid-state battery is formed by sealing such an electrode body 11 within an outer casing. For example, the electrode body 11, which is generally rectangular in top view, is enclosed within an outer casing that is also generally rectangular in top view. In this case, the positive terminal extends from the positive current collector of the electrode body 11, and the negative terminal extends from the negative current collector of the electrode body 11, arranged such that their tips protrude from the outer casing.

[0017] The following section provides a more detailed explanation of the various components of the electrode body 11 and their relationships.

[0018] The electrode body 11 has a positive current collector 12, a positive active material layer 13, a solid electrolyte layer 14, a negative active material layer 15, and a negative current collector 16. In this embodiment, the positive current collector 12, the positive active material layer 13, the solid electrolyte layer 14, the negative active material layer 15, and the negative current collector 16 are stacked sequentially to form element units 11a, and multiple element units 11a are stacked to form the electrode body 11. Figure 1 In the diagram, only one element unit 11a is shown. Moreover, as described above, the positive terminal is electrically connected to the positive current collector 12 of the electrode body 11, and the negative terminal is electrically connected to the negative current collector 16 of the electrode body 11.

[0019] 1.1. Positive current collector

[0020] The positive current collector 12 is stacked on the positive active material layer 13, and current is collected from the positive active material layer 13. In this embodiment, the positive current collector 12 is a foil-shaped square when viewed from above, and can be composed of a positive current collector foil as a metal foil and a conductive resin layer or carbon layer stacked on the positive current collector foil. The positive current collector 12 is stacked on the positive active material layer 13 by stacking the conductive resin layer or carbon layer on the positive active material layer 13.

[0021] Materials used to form the positive current collector include, for example, stainless steel, aluminum, nickel, iron, and titanium. The conductive resin layer can be made of a resin in which conductive materials are dispersed, and the carbon layer can be made of a carbon-containing material.

[0022] 1.2. Positive Electrode Active Material Layer

[0023] The positive electrode active material layer 13 has the aforementioned positive electrode current collector 12 stacked on one surface and a solid electrolyte layer 14 stacked on the other surface. In this embodiment, the positive electrode active material layer 13 is a quadrilateral sheet when viewed from above.

[0024] The positive electrode active material layer 13 is a layer containing positive electrode active material, and may further contain at least one of solid electrolyte material, conductive material and binder material as needed.

[0025] The positive electrode active material can be any known active material. Examples include cobalt-based (LiCoO2, etc.), nickel-based (LiNiO2, etc.), manganese-based (LiMn2O4, Li2Mn2O3, etc.), iron phosphate-based (LiFePO4, Li2FeP2O7, etc.), NCA-based (nickel, cobalt, and aluminum compounds), and NMC-based (nickel, manganese, and cobalt compounds). More specifically, there is LiNi... 1 / 3 Co 1 / 3 Mn 1 / 3 O2, etc.

[0026] The surface of the positive electrode active material can be coated with an oxide layer such as lithium niobate, lithium titanate, or lithium phosphate.

[0027] In addition, the positive electrode active material is not limited to the above-mentioned oxide system, but can be a sulfide system (lithium titanium sulfide, lithium niobium sulfide).

[0028] Solid electrolytes can be categorized as inorganic solid electrolytes. Compared to organic polymer electrolytes, inorganic solid electrolytes have higher ionic conductivity and superior heat resistance. Examples of inorganic solid electrolytes include sulfide solid electrolytes and oxide solid electrolytes.

[0029] Examples of sulfide solid electrolyte materials with Li-ion conductivity include Li₂S-P₂S₅, Li₂S-P₂S₅-LiI, Li₂S-P₂S₅-Li₂O, Li₂S-P₂S₅-Li₂O-LiI, Li₂S-SiS₂, Li₂S-SiS₂-LiI, Li₂S-SiS₂-LiBr, Li₂S-SiS₂-LiCl, Li₂S-SiS₂-B₂S₃-LiI, Li₂S-SiS₂-P₂S₅-LiI, Li₂S-B₂S₃, Li₂S-P₂S₅-ZmSn (where m and n are positive numbers, and Z is any one of Ge, Zn, or Ga), Li₂S-GeS₂, Li₂S-SiS₂-Li₃PO₄, and Li₂S-SiS₂-Li x MO y(Where x and y are positive numbers. M is any one of P, Si, Ge, B, Al, Ga, and In.) etc. Furthermore, the above description of "Li2S-P2S5" refers to a sulfide solid electrolyte material made using a raw material composition containing Li2S and P2S5, and the same applies to other descriptions.

[0030] Furthermore, from the viewpoint of reducing the spring constant of this disclosure, sulfide solid electrolytes are preferred over oxide solid electrolytes.

[0031] On the other hand, as oxide solid electrolyte materials with Li ion conductivity, examples include compounds with a NASICON-type structure. As an example of a compound with a NASICON-type structure, compounds of the general formula Li... 1+x Al x Ge 2-x Compounds represented by (PO4)3 (0≤x≤2) (LAGP), and compounds derived from the general formula Li 1+x Al x Ti 2-x Compounds represented by (PO4)3 (0≤x≤2) (LATP), etc. Other examples of oxide solid electrolyte materials include LiLaTiO (e.g., Li...). 0.34 La 0.51 TiO3), LiPON (e.g., Li 2.9 PO 3.3 N 0.46 LiLaZrO (e.g., Li7La3Zr2O) 12 )wait.

[0032] However, from the viewpoint of reducing the spring constant of this disclosure, an organic polymer electrolyte may be used. Alternatively, the aforementioned inorganic solid electrolyte may be used in conjunction with an organic polymer electrolyte.

[0033] Polymer electrolytes contain at least a polymer component. Examples of polymer components include polyether polymers, polyester polymers, polyamine polymers, and polysulfide polymers, with polyether polymers being preferred. This is because they exhibit high ionic conductivity and excellent mechanical properties such as Young's modulus and tensile strength.

[0034] Polyether polymers have a polyether structure within repeating units. Furthermore, polyether polymers preferably have a polyether structure within the main chain of the repeating units. Examples of polyether structures include polyethylene oxide (PEO) and polypropylene oxide (PPO). Polyether polymers preferably have a PEO structure as the main repeating unit. In polyether polymers, the proportion of PEO structure in all repeating units is, for example, 50 mol% or more, 70 mol% or more, or 90 mol% or more. Additionally, polyether polymers can be, for example, homopolymers or copolymers of epoxy compounds (e.g., ethylene oxide, propylene oxide).

[0035] The polymer component may have ion-conducting units as shown below. Examples of ion-conducting units include polyethylene oxide, polypropylene oxide, polymethacrylate, polyacrylate, polydimethylsiloxane, polyacrylic acid, polymethacrylic acid, vinyl acetate, polyimide, polyamine, polyamide, polyalkyl carbonate, polynitrile, polyphosphazene, polyolefin, and polydiene.

[0036] There are no particular limitations on the weight-average molecular weight (Mw) of the polymer component, for example, it can be 1,000,000 or more and 10,000,000 or less. Mw is determined using gel permeation chromatography (GPC). Furthermore, the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the polymer component can be, for example, below 60°C, below 40°C, or below 25°C. Additionally, the polymer electrolyte can contain only one polymer component or two or more. Furthermore, the polymer electrolyte can be a cross-linked polymer electrolyte formed by cross-linking the polymer components, or an uncross-linked polymer electrolyte in which the polymer components are not cross-linked.

[0037] The polymer electrolyte can be either a dry polymer electrolyte or a gel electrolyte. A dry polymer electrolyte is defined as an electrolyte with a solvent content of 5% by weight or less. The solvent content can be 3% by weight or less, or 1% by weight or less. Furthermore, when a sulfide solid electrolyte with high reactivity with polar solvents is used in the positive electrode active material layer, a dry polymer electrolyte is preferred.

[0038] The dry polymer electrolyte may contain a supporting salt. Examples of supporting salts include inorganic lithium salts such as LiPF6, LiBF4, LiClO4, and LiAsF6; and organic lithium salts such as LiCF3SO3, LiN(CF3SO2)2, LiN(C2F5SO2)2, LiN(FSO2)2, and LiC(CF3SO2)3. There is no particular limitation on the proportion of the supporting salt relative to the dry polymer electrolyte. For example, when the dry polymer electrolyte has EO units (C2H5O units), the EO units may be 5 moles or more, 10 moles or more, or 15 moles or more, relative to 1 mole of the supporting salt. On the other hand, the EO units may be 40 moles or less, or 30 moles or less, relative to 1 mole of the supporting salt.

[0039] Gel electrolytes typically contain an electrolyte component in addition to a polymer component. The electrolyte component contains a supporting salt and a solvent. The supporting salt is the same as described above. Examples of solvents include carbonates. Examples of carbonates include cyclic esters (cyclic carbonates) such as ethylene carbonate (EC), propylene carbonate (PC), and butyl carbonate (BC); and chain esters (chain carbonates) such as dimethyl carbonate (DMC), diethyl carbonate (DEC), and ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC). Other examples of solvents include acetates such as methyl acetate and ethyl acetate, and ethers such as 2-methyltetrahydrofuran. Furthermore, examples of solvents include γ-butyrolactone, sulfolane, N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP), and 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolinone (DMI). Water can also be used as a solvent.

[0040] There are no particular limitations on adhesive materials as long as they are chemically and electrically stable. Examples include fluorinated adhesive materials such as polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), rubber adhesive materials such as styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), olefin adhesive materials such as polypropylene (PP) and polyethylene (PE), and cellulose adhesive materials such as carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC).

[0041] As a conductive material, it can use carbon materials such as acetylene black (AB), Ketjen black, and carbon fiber; and metal materials such as nickel, aluminum, and stainless steel.

[0042] The content of each component in the positive electrode active material layer 13 can be the same as in the past. In addition, the thickness of the positive electrode active material layer 13 is preferably 0.1 μm or more and 1 mm or less, and more preferably 1 μm or more and 150 μm or less.

[0043] 1.3. Solid electrolyte layer

[0044] In this embodiment, the solid electrolyte layer (separator layer) 14 is a quadrilateral sheet when viewed from above, disposed between the positive electrode active material layer 13 and the negative electrode active material layer 15, and contains a solid electrolyte material. The solid electrolyte layer 14 contains at least a solid electrolyte material. The solid electrolyte material can be considered in the same way as the solid electrolyte material described in the positive electrode active material layer 13.

[0045] 1.4. Negative Electrode Active Material Layer

[0046] The negative electrode active material layer 15 is a layer containing at least a negative electrode active material. The negative electrode active material layer 15 may, as needed, include a binder material, a conductive material, and a solid electrolyte material. The binder material, conductive material, and solid electrolyte material can be considered in the same way as in the positive electrode active material layer 13.

[0047] There are no particular limitations on the negative electrode active material. In the case of a lithium-ion battery, the negative electrode active materials can include carbon materials such as graphite and hard carbon, various oxides such as lithium titanate, Si and Si alloys, or metallic lithium and lithium alloys.

[0048] In this embodiment, the negative electrode active material layer 15 is a quadrilateral sheet when viewed from above, with the aforementioned solid electrolyte layer 14 stacked on one surface and the negative electrode current collector 16 stacked on the other surface.

[0049] The content of each component in the negative electrode active material layer 15 can be the same as in the past. In addition, the thickness of the negative electrode active material layer 15 is preferably, for example, 0.1 μm or more and 1 mm or less, more preferably 1 μm or more and 150 μm or less.

[0050] 1.5. Negative current collector

[0051] The negative current collector 16 is stacked on the negative active material layer 15 and collects electricity from the negative active material layer 15. In this embodiment, the negative current collector 16 is a foil that is quadrilateral when viewed from above, and can be made of materials such as stainless steel, copper, nickel, carbon, and aluminum.

[0052] 1.6. Positive and Negative Extremes

[0053] The positive and negative terminals are conductive components, serving as terminals for connecting each electrode to external electrical connections.

[0054] One end of the positive terminal is electrically connected to the positive current collector 12, and the other end passes through the outer packaging and is exposed to the outside.

[0055] One end of the negative terminal is electrically connected to the negative current collector 16, and the other end passes through the outer packaging and is exposed to the outside.

[0056] 1.7. Outer Packaging

[0057] The outer packaging is constructed from rectangular sheet-like components when viewed from above, including, for example, a first sheet and a second sheet. An electrode body 11 is enclosed between the first and second sheets, and the outer peripheral ends of the first and second sheets are joined and sealed. Therefore, the outer packaging is bag-shaped, enclosing and sealing the electrode body 11 inside.

[0058] The first sheet and the second sheet can be constructed using a laminated film. A laminated film is a film having a metal layer and a sealing material layer. Examples of metals used in the laminated film include aluminum and stainless steel, while examples of materials used in the sealing material layer include thermoplastic resins such as polypropylene, polyethylene, polystyrene, or polyvinyl chloride.

[0059] 1.8. Spring constant of the electrode body

[0060] As described above, in the element unit 11a, the spring constant in the stacking direction of the electrode body 11, which is formed by stacking the layers, is 27000 kN / cm or less. Therefore, the electrode layer 11 can easily deform elastically, thus absorbing the expansion and contraction generated during battery charging and discharging, eliminating the need for an elastomer or reducing its amount even when one is added to the electrode body 11. Furthermore, the proportion of the elastomer in the battery volume can be reduced, allowing for the arrangement of more battery elements (element units), thereby increasing the battery's energy density. The value of the spring constant in the stacking direction of the element unit 11a can be obtained as explained in the following embodiments.

[0061] The spring constant only needs to be below 27,000 kN / cm. A lower spring constant can further reduce the occupancy of the elastomer and increase the energy density; therefore, it is preferably below 25,000 kN / cm, and more preferably below 22,000 kN / cm. Furthermore, there is no particular limitation on the lower limit of the spring constant, but 8,000 kN / cm is preferred. If it is lower than 8,000 kN / cm, it may be difficult to construct a solid-state battery. More preferably, it is 11,000 kN / cm or higher.

[0062] There are no particular limitations on adjusting the spring constant of the electrode body; for example, the methods described below [Scheme 1] to [Scheme 5] can be used. Any one of these schemes, a combination of several schemes, or other schemes can be used.

[0063] [Option 1]

[0064] When stacking the above layers, the temperature is usually increased for pressing. However, in order to adjust the spring constant, pressing and stacking are performed at room temperature or a lower temperature than usual. Accordingly, voids are easily generated in the electrode body, which can suppress the spring constant to a lower level.

[0065] For example, this allows the porosity in the negative electrode active material layer to be 20% or more (fill rate 80% or less), thus suppressing the spring constant to a low level. Furthermore, from the viewpoint of battery performance, a fill rate of 80% or more in the positive electrode active material layer is preferred.

[0066] Furthermore, the spring constant can also be suppressed to a lower level by instead setting the temperature to room temperature or lower than usual, or by reducing the pressing pressure compared to usual.

[0067] [Option 2]

[0068] When Si is used as the negative electrode active material, a product (granule) in which the Si is coated with a binder is used. This allows for a lower spring constant of the electrode body 11. It is believed that the voids between the Si surface and the coating layer contribute to the reduction of the spring constant.

[0069] [Option 3]

[0070] When using Si alloys as negative electrode active materials, the spring constant can be kept low by making the Si alloy porous. Specifically, the pore volume is preferably 0.3 mL / g or higher.

[0071] [Option 4]

[0072] By using a material with a low elastic modulus (Young's modulus) for the negative electrode current collector 16, the spring constant of the electrode body can be reduced. For example, instead of using nickel foil, aluminum foil is typically used for the negative electrode current collector. As a result, the spring constant of the electrode body 11 as a whole can also be kept low.

[0073] [Option 5]

[0074] By using a sulfide solid electrolyte or an organic polymer electrolyte in the solid electrolyte layer, the spring constant can be suppressed to a lower level compared to an oxide solid electrolyte.

[0075] 2. Example

[0076] In one embodiment, experiments were conducted by changing the spring constant in the stacking direction of the electrode bodies.

[0077] 2.1. Fabrication of Electrodes

[0078] [Forming of the positive electrode active material layer]

[0079] Weigh the positive electrode active material, sulfide solid electrolyte, conductive material, and binder to make the mass ratio of positive electrode active material: sulfide solid electrolyte: conductive material: binder = 85:13:1.3:0.7, and then mold it to obtain the positive electrode active material layer.

[0080] The positive electrode active material used was a product coated with oxides on NCA (manufactured by Sumitomo Metal Mining Co., Ltd.). For the sulfide solid electrolyte, 10LiI-90 (0.75Li₂S-0.25P₂S₅) was synthesized using a product that had been crystallized and micronized. The conductive material used was fumed carbon fiber (VGCF, manufactured by Showa Denko Co., Ltd.). The binder was PVDF.

[0081] [Forming of the solid electrolyte layer]

[0082] The same sulfide solid electrolyte and binder as the positive electrode active material layer were mixed at a mass ratio of 99.6:0.4 to prepare a solid electrolyte composite material. The resulting solid electrolyte composite material was then shaped to obtain a solid electrolyte layer (15 μm thick).

[0083] [Formation of the negative electrode active material layer]

[0084] The negative electrode active material, sulfide solid electrolyte, conductive material, and binder were weighed to achieve a mass ratio of negative electrode active material: sulfide solid electrolyte: conductive material: binder = 53:41:4.5:1.5, and then molded to obtain the negative electrode active material layer. Furthermore, Si (manufactured by Mitsui Metals Corporation, average particle size D50 = 2.5 μm) was used as the negative electrode active material. The sulfide solid electrolyte, conductive material, and binder were the same materials used in the positive electrode active material layer.

[0085] The average particle size D50 is the median diameter of the volume reference determined by laser diffraction-scattering particle size distribution measurement. Furthermore, the median diameter (D50) is the diameter (volume average diameter) at which the cumulative volume of particles, arranged sequentially from the smallest particle size, is half (50%) of the total volume.

[0086] [Preparation of the current collector]

[0087] As the positive current collector, a laminate of metal foil (aluminum, 12 μm thick) and conductive resin (acrylic resin, 2 μm thick) was prepared, and as the negative current collector, a nickel (Ni) foil (10 μm thick) was prepared.

[0088] [Solid-state battery manufacturing]

[0089] By stacking the layers described above, a reference (comparative example) electrode body was obtained, consisting of a positive current collector, a positive active material layer, a solid electrolyte layer, a negative active material layer, and a negative current collector. Furthermore, the layers were stacked such that the conductive resin of the positive current collector was bonded to the positive active material layer. Additionally, during stacking, heating and pressurization were performed at 170°C and a pressing pressure of 11.2 MPa.

[0090] [Example 1]

[0091] In Example 1, in order to adjust the spring constant of the stacking direction of the electrode body, the stacking of each layer was carried out at room temperature without heating.

[0092] [Example 2]

[0093] In Example 2, in order to adjust the spring constant of the stacking direction of the electrode body and make the negative electrode active material Si, a granulation body in which Si particles are coated with a binder was used.

[0094] [Example 3]

[0095] In Example 3, in order to adjust the spring constant of the stacking direction of the electrode body, the negative electrode current collector is not Ni, but a foil formed of aluminum (Al) is used.

[0096] [Example 4]

[0097] In Example 4, the spring constant of the electrode stacking direction was adjusted to make the pressing pressure smaller than in other examples.

[0098] [Example 5]

[0099] In Example 5, the spring constant of the electrode stacking direction was adjusted to make the pressing pressure smaller than that in Example 4.

[0100] 2.2. Determination of Spring Constant

[0101] like Figure 2 As shown, the electrode body is positioned in a fixture by clamping it onto a pressing plate. The fixture is set in an Autograph (Shimadzu Corporation, AG-X50kN). While a load is applied to the electrode body using the pressing plate, the displacement is measured using a displacement gauge. The force at this time is measured using a load sensor, and Young's modulus (spring constant) is calculated from the relationship between stress and strain. At this time, the head speed of the Autograph is 0.15 mm / min, and the load range is 0 kN to 49 kN.

[0102] Furthermore, in this embodiment, the process is performed with the battery's SOC (state of charge) at 0%.

[0103] In this example, as described above, an electrode body consisting of a single element unit was obtained, and the spring constant was measured. However, the spring constant of an electrode body consisting of multiple element units can also be measured as described above, and converted into the spring constant of each element unit (which can be considered as multiple element units connected in series).

[0104] 2.3. Results

[0105] In addition to the spring constant, the elastomer occupancy and energy density increase rate were also calculated.

[0106] Regarding the elastomer occupancy, the additional size of the elastomer required to obtain the spring constant typically needed for the battery as a whole from the measured spring constant is calculated, and the ratio of the elastomer to the battery as a whole is expressed as a percentage.

[0107] Regarding the rate of increase in energy density, the electrical energy density during battery charging and discharging is calculated, and the rate of increase is shown as a percentage when the baseline (comparative example) is set to 0.

[0108] Additionally, as "other battery performance", the values ​​for charge and discharge performance are shown when the comparison example is set to 100.

[0109] Table 1

[0110]

[0111] The results show that by suppressing the spring constant to a lower level, the occupancy of the elastomer can be reduced, thereby increasing the energy density.

[0112] Furthermore, this example shows the results when the SOC is 0%, but even when the battery is charging, the same range of results can be obtained as the spring constant. For example, in Example 3, when the SOC is 50%, the spring constant becomes 19570 kN / cm, achieving the same effect within the same range as when the SOC is 0%.

Claims

1. A battery comprising: an electrode body consisting of a positive current collector, a positive active material layer, a solid electrolyte layer, a negative active material layer, and a negative current collector stacked together. The spring constant in the stacking direction of the electrode body is less than 27000 kN / cm.

2. The battery according to claim 1, wherein, The filling rate of the negative electrode active material layer is less than 80%.

3. The battery according to claim 1, wherein, The active material of the negative electrode active material layer is Si, and the Si consists of particles coated with a binder material contained in the negative electrode active material layer.

4. The battery according to claim 1, wherein, The active material of the negative electrode active material layer is a Si alloy, which is a porous material with a pore volume of 0.3 mL / g.

5. The battery according to claim 1, wherein, The solid electrolyte contained in the solid electrolyte layer is a sulfide or an organic polymer.

6. The battery according to claim 1, wherein, The negative electrode current collector is aluminum foil.

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