Processing device and method based on point ring laser

Abstract

The invention discloses a machining device and method based on point ring laser, relates to the technical field of additive manufacturing, and can improve the additive manufacturing forming efficiency and the mechanical property of a machined component. According to the scheme, an ultrafast laser source is used for generating ultrafast laser, an optical fiber laser source is used for generating optical fiber laser, a spatial light modulator is arranged on an emergent light path of the optical fiber laser and used for modulating light spots of the optical fiber laser into points and / or rings, and modulated optical fiber laser is obtained; the beam combining assembly is used for controlling the ultrafast laser and the modulated fiber laser to generate a composite beam, and the scanning assembly is used for controlling the composite beam to scan raw materials according to a scanning path to generate a molten pool for additive manufacturing so as to perform additive manufacturing based on the molten pool.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of additive manufacturing technology, and in particular to a processing apparatus and method based on dot ring laser. Background Technology

[0002] Additive manufacturing technology is a scientific and technological system based on the discrete-stacking principle, which directly manufactures parts driven by three-dimensional data. The additive manufacturing process is a layer-by-layer construction of objects. Each layer is added progressively according to data in a digital design file and guided by a control system. This layer-by-layer construction method allows for the creation of more complex geometries without the multiple processing steps required in traditional manufacturing. Additive manufacturing is applicable to a variety of materials, including plastics, metals, ceramics, and composite materials. It can build objects according to the requirements of digital design files, thus easily manufacturing products that meet individual needs.

[0003] Currently, Gaussian laser beams are commonly used in additive manufacturing. Gaussian laser energy distribution follows a bell-shaped curve, with high energy at the center and low energy at the edges. This generates extremely high temperature peaks in minute areas, leading to large temperature gradients and excessively high temperatures at the center of the molten pool. This causes low-melting-point metals to vaporize, altering the designed composition, increasing molten pool instability, porosity, and fatigue life. Furthermore, Gaussian lasers have low energy utilization and significant energy waste. When machining thick parts, this Gaussian laser beam shape restricts production speed. Because the energy is concentrated at the center of the beam path, maintaining part quality usually requires reducing the laser scanning trajectory spacing, which not only prolongs the processing time for each layer but also increases the overall forming cycle. Using higher-power lasers, this uneven energy input causes even more severe heating unevenness and melting anomalies. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This application provides an additive manufacturing apparatus and method for adding and subtracting point ring lasers in situ, which can improve the efficiency of additive manufacturing and the mechanical properties of the processed components.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, this application adopts the following technical solution: In a first aspect, this application provides a processing apparatus based on dot-ring laser, the apparatus comprising: Ultrafast laser source, used to generate ultrafast lasers; Fiber laser source, used to generate fiber laser; A spatial light modulator is disposed in the output optical path of the fiber laser to modulate the spot of the fiber laser into a dot and / or ring shape to obtain a modulated fiber laser. A beam combiner is used to control the ultrafast laser and the modulated fiber laser to generate a composite beam. A scanning component is used to control the composite beam to scan the raw material along the scanning path to generate a molten pool for additive manufacturing, so as to perform additive manufacturing based on the molten pool.

[0006] As one possible implementation, the scanning component is also used for: In the additive manufacturing process, after each layer is printed, the ultrafast laser, the fiber laser, or the composite beam is controlled to scan the current layer that has been printed, until the additive manufacturing process is completed and the shaped component is obtained.

[0007] As one possible implementation, the scanning component is also used to control the ultrafast laser to position the shaped component to be trimmed after obtaining the shaped component; The device further includes a high-speed beam deflection component for controlling the ultrafast laser to scan and trim the position of the shaped component to be trimmed.

[0008] As one possible implementation, the device further includes a first beam divergence adjustable collimating and expanding lens disposed on the output optical path of the ultrafast laser source, the first beam divergence adjustable collimating and expanding lens comprising two convex lenses and a concave lens located between the two convex lenses; The first beam divergence-adjustable collimating and expanding lens is used to collimate and enlarge the beam diameter of the ultrafast laser, and to adjust the optical power of the ultrafast laser beam by adjusting the position of the concave lens so that the focusing position of the ultrafast laser coincides with the focusing position of the fiber laser in the Z-axis direction.

[0009] As one possible implementation, the high-speed beam deflection assembly is disposed on the outgoing optical path of the first beam divergence angle adjustable collimating beam expander, and the high-speed beam deflection assembly includes two electro-optic deflectors with their optical axes perpendicular to each other. The high-speed beam deflection component is used to adjust the voltage range of the two electro-optic deflectors so that the spot of the ultrafast laser moves within a preset two-dimensional range.

[0010] As one possible implementation, the device further includes a pinhole and a second beam divergence adjustable collimating and expanding lens sequentially disposed in the output optical path of the fiber laser. The second beam divergence adjustable collimating and expanding lens includes two convex lenses and a concave lens located between the two convex lenses. The pinhole is used for spatial filtering of the fiber laser; The second beam divergence adjustable collimating and expanding lens is used to collimate and magnify the beam diameter of the light emitted from the pinhole, and to adjust the optical power of the fiber laser beam by adjusting the position of the concave lens so that the focusing position of the fiber laser coincides with the focusing position of the ultrafast laser in the Z-axis direction.

[0011] As one possible implementation, the device further includes a first polarizer disposed between the second beam divergence angle adjustable collimating beam expander and the spatial light modulator; The first polarizer is used to control the polarization state of the outgoing light from the second beam divergence angle adjustable collimator.

[0012] The spatial light modulator is equipped with a variety of holograms and is also used to modulate the light spot of the emitted light from the first polarizer into a dot and / or ring shape to obtain a modulated fiber laser.

[0013] As one possible implementation, the device further includes a second polarizer and a focusing lens disposed on the outgoing optical path of the spatial light modulator; The second polarizer is used to control the polarization of the modulated fiber laser; The focusing lens is used to position the focal point of the emitted light from the second polarizer in the Z-axis direction, so that the emitted light from the second polarizer coincides with the focal point of the ultrafast laser in the Z-axis direction.

[0014] As one possible implementation, the beam combining component includes a reflector and a beam combiner, wherein the reflector is disposed on the outgoing light path of the high-speed beam deflection component; The reflector is used to reflect the outgoing light of the high-speed beam deflection component so that the outgoing light of the high-speed beam deflection component enters the beam combiner. The beam combiner is used to combine the light emitted from the reflector and the light emitted from the focusing lens onto the same optical axis to obtain the composite beam.

[0015] This application provides a processing method based on a dot-ring laser, applied to the dot-ring laser-based processing apparatus described in the first aspect of this application. The method includes: Generating ultrafast lasers based on ultrafast laser sources; Fiber laser is generated based on a fiber laser source; A spatial light modulator is used to modulate the spot of the fiber laser into a dot and / or ring shape to obtain a modulated fiber laser. A beam combiner is used to control the ultrafast laser and the modulated fiber laser to generate a composite beam. The composite beam is controlled by a scanning component to scan the raw material along the scanning path to generate a molten pool for additive manufacturing, and additive manufacturing is performed based on the molten pool.

[0016] The beneficial effects of the technical solutions provided in this application include at least the following: The processing apparatus based on dot-ring laser provided in this application includes: an ultrafast laser source for generating ultrafast laser; a fiber laser source for generating fiber laser; a spatial light modulator disposed on the output optical path of the fiber laser for modulating the spot of the fiber laser into a dot and / or ring shape to obtain a modulated fiber laser; a beam combining assembly for controlling the ultrafast laser and the modulated fiber laser to generate a composite beam; and a scanning assembly for controlling the composite beam to scan the raw material along a scanning path to generate a molten pool for additive manufacturing, so as to perform additive manufacturing based on the molten pool.

[0017] Firstly, the annular fiber laser in the composite beam of this application, compared to a traditional Gaussian beam, allows for a larger heat distribution area, simultaneously improving process efficiency and product quality. Furthermore, beam field manipulation allows for precise control of the molten pool temperature distribution and solidification process, effectively suppressing defects such as porosity and spatter, thus enhancing manufacturing quality and improving the density and mechanical properties of the printed parts. The annular or dot-ring fiber laser source is a continuous or quasi-continuous laser, based on a thermal processing mechanism, used to generate a deep and wide molten pool during additive manufacturing, ensuring printing speed and efficiency. This not only improves energy utilization but also significantly increases printing efficiency. Precision that previously required multiple processing steps can now be achieved in a single process through beam shaping technology, greatly shortening the production cycle. The fiber optic annular spot used has a larger adjustable size (200-500 micrometers) and a power of 500-1000W. The annular beam shaping reduces overheating by more uniformly redistributing laser energy and controls the temperature gradient and melt pool depth, altering the energy distribution of the beam. This improves control over melt pool dynamics and reduces particle spatter during printing, resulting in faster printing speeds, improved process stability, and enhanced surface quality. Simultaneously, the shaped beam spot size increases several times (200-500 micrometers), increasing laser processing speed while reducing the number of defects, significantly improving productivity.

[0018] Furthermore, the energy of the inner and outer rings of the fiber optic light source can be flexibly adjusted. The fiber beam field can exhibit three modes: ring, dot-ring, and dot. The energy ratio between the dot and ring spots can be precisely controlled, and the distribution can be adjusted between 100% energy at the center spot and zero energy at the center spot. This distribution results in a wider melt pool, a more uniform temperature gradient, and effectively suppresses spatter and hump phenomena. For example, a dot-ring shaped fiber laser consists of a low-power-density ring laser on the outside and a high-power-density circular Gaussian laser on the inside. Both the central and outer ring lasers can be independently adjusted in power, allowing for arbitrary combinations according to process requirements. Under the same laser power and external conditions, the power density of the central Gaussian laser is much higher than that of the ring laser. The high-power-density central laser is mainly used to generate a keyhole to form the melt depth, while the low-power-density outer ring laser is mainly used to stabilize the keyhole and melt pool, affecting the melt width and appearance. Moreover, the flexibly adjustable inner and outer ring beams simultaneously serve preheating, surface treatment, modification, and post-treatment functions, improving processing quality, reducing defects such as spatter, pores, and cracks, reducing component rework, and increasing yield by up to 75%. Secondly, the diameter of the annular laser spot can be adjusted according to different SLMs, allowing for arbitrary combinations based on varying aspect ratios, energy densities, speeds, surface qualities, and gap assembly requirements. This significantly improves processing efficiency. External equipment such as galvanometers further increases additive manufacturing speed, further enhancing finished product efficiency. Additive manufacturing speed is limited by various physical phenomena during the additive process, such as spatter, humps, and increased porosity. These phenomena are greatly reduced when using point-ring laser processing. The energy ratio of the point-ring laser spot is selected and adjusted for different additive material process parameters (such as metal thickness, metal type, and geometry).

[0019] Meanwhile, the annular spot can effectively improve processing quality (low spatter) while also increasing processing efficiency. Low spatter: The annular beam hits around the keyhole, causing the molten metal to evaporate rapidly. The evaporated metal vapor gives the molten pool a downward reaction force, pressing down on the molten pool opening, making the keyhole opening of the molten pool "Y" shaped during the welding process. This suppresses the surface fluctuations of the molten pool and reduces the molten pool fluctuations. Covering the keyhole and blocking the normal ejection of plasma within the keyhole reduces the probability of spatter. Compared with pure Gaussian energy distribution lasers, the heat-affected zone is smaller, and a larger and more stable keyhole can be generated in a more precise processing area, making it easier for the metal vapor in the molten pool to escape and minimizing kinetic energy. The annular spot can reduce the original keyhole closing time ratio from 24% to about 2%. The less keyhole closing, the lower the probability of spatter. Compared with traditional Gaussian lasers, it can reduce spatter by more than 92%, especially eliminating the defects of pitting caused by large spatter. By employing an annular laser spot, the shear force is reduced, ensuring that the keyhole in the molten pool maintains a stable, vertically upward-oriented dimension. With consistent shear force and relatively stable surface tension, the molten metal cannot be carried away. This prevents the shear force from acting on the molten pool, effectively keeping it from contacting the liquid metal. Simultaneously, it increases surface tension, expands the molten pool area, applies external force to the surface, reduces molten pool fluctuations, lowers the frequency of keyhole periodic collapse, enlarges the opening, and reduces the influence of plasma.

[0020] Furthermore, the ultrafast laser at the center of the composite beam in this application can manipulate the local thermal gradient and solid / liquid (S / L) interface velocity during the melting process of raw materials, which is beneficial for the control of solidification and crystallization in additive manufacturing. This alters key microstructural features, namely grain size, solidification morphology (such as planar, honeycomb, and dendritic structures), and the crystal texture of additively manufactured metal parts, significantly improving the mechanical properties of the resulting components, such as strength and ductility. In addition, the ultrafast laser in the composite beam is equivalent to applying a photomechanical effect to the molten pool, effectively suppressing spatter, porosity, and crack formation, further improving the printing accuracy and quality of additive manufacturing. Attached Figure Description

[0021] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a processing apparatus based on dot ring laser provided for an embodiment of this application; Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a composite beam provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 1 ; Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the light field distribution of a dot ring laser provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 4 A schematic diagram of a composite beam provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 2 ; Figure 5A schematic diagram of a scanning path for a composite beam provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 1 ; Figure 6 A schematic diagram of a scanning path for a composite beam provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 2 ; Figure 7 A flowchart illustrating a dot ring laser-based processing method provided in this application embodiment.

[0022] Figure label: 1-Ultrafast laser source, 2-Fiber laser source, 3-First beam divergence angle adjustable collimating and expanding lens, 4-High-speed beam deflection component, 5-Reflector, 6-Pinhole, 7-Second beam divergence angle adjustable collimating and expanding lens, 8-First polarizer, 9-Spatial light modulator, 10-Second polarizer, 11-Focusing lens, 12-Beam combiner, 13-Scanning component, 14-Focusing component. Detailed Implementation

[0023] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0024] Hereinafter, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of embodiments of this disclosure, unless otherwise stated, "a plurality of" means two or more.

[0025] In addition, the use of “based on” or “according to” implies openness and inclusivity, because processes, steps, calculations or other actions “based on” or “according to” one or more conditions or values ​​can in practice be based on additional conditions or values ​​beyond those conditions.

[0026] Additive manufacturing technology is a scientific and technological system that directly manufactures parts based on the discrete-stacking principle, driven by the three-dimensional data of the part. The additive manufacturing process is a layer-by-layer construction of objects. Each layer is added gradually according to data in a digital design file and the guidance of a control system. This layer-by-layer construction method allows for the manufacture of more complex geometries without the multiple processing steps required in traditional manufacturing. Additive manufacturing is applicable to a variety of materials, including plastics, metals, ceramics, and composite materials. It can build objects according to the requirements of digital design files, thus easily manufacturing products that meet individual needs. It has advantages such as rapid processing of complex parts, accelerated product iteration, high material utilization, and customization. It is largely unrestricted by the shape of the part and can process products with complex internal structures that cannot be manufactured in one piece using traditional methods. It shortens product development cycles, accelerates product iteration, eliminates the need for traditional tools and fixtures and multiple processing steps, and effectively avoids the waste problems generated during traditional cutting processes. Currently, it is widely used in aerospace, medical, and automotive industries. In the aerospace field, key components of next-generation fighter jets, domestically produced large aircraft, new rocket engines, and Mars probes are gradually applying additive manufacturing technology, solving many complex structural part forming problems that were previously difficult to manufacture and achieving lightweight product structures. More than 60% of the turbine blades for aero engines worldwide are manufactured using additive manufacturing technology. SpaceX has used this technology to reduce the cost of its Raptor 3 engine by 40% and shorten its development cycle by 60%. In the traditional casting field, Yinchuan has built the world's first 3D printing factory with a capacity of 10,000 tons, which uses sand mold printing technology to replace traditional processes, reducing the production cycle of complex castings from 45 days to 72 hours.

[0027] However, in traditional additive manufacturing processes, the precision achieved cannot yet match that of subtractive manufacturing. More importantly, high heat input and temperature gradients can easily lead to residual tensile stress in the formed parts, causing defects such as deformation, cracking, and voids, which negatively impact mechanical properties (fatigue, wear resistance, tensile strength, etc.).

[0028] Furthermore, traditional heat treatment has limited effectiveness in controlling residual stress and carries the risk of secondary deformation. It also presents manufacturing challenges in processing complex microstructures such as intricate internal cavities, micropores, thin walls, and internal flow channels. These bottlenecks restrict the large-scale, multi-scenario application of additive manufacturing. With the continuous expansion of application areas and the continuous improvement of service performance, the demand for high-end equipment in aerospace, energy, and information electronics fields is urgent. This high-end equipment has extremely high requirements for load-bearing, surface integrity, or precision, making its manufacturing extremely difficult. Additive manufacturing alone cannot meet the precise manufacturing goals of parts that require high performance, complex structures, difficult-to-process materials, and high precision.

[0029] Meanwhile, Gaussian laser beams are commonly used in additive manufacturing. Gaussian laser energy distribution follows a bell-shaped curve, with high energy at the center and low energy at the edges. This generates extremely high temperature peaks in minute areas, leading to large temperature gradients and excessively high temperatures at the center of the molten pool. This causes low-melting-point metals to vaporize, altering the designed composition, increasing molten pool instability, porosity, and fatigue life. Furthermore, Gaussian lasers have low energy utilization and significant energy waste. When machining thick parts, this Gaussian laser beam shape restricts production speed. Because the energy is concentrated at the center of the beam path, maintaining part quality usually requires reducing the laser scanning trajectory spacing, which not only prolongs the processing time for each layer but also increases the overall forming cycle. Using higher-power lasers, this uneven energy input causes even more severe heating unevenness and melting anomalies.

[0030] To address the aforementioned issues, this application provides a processing apparatus and method based on dot ring lasers. Through the method of "dot ring laser additive manufacturing layer-by-layer printing - dot laser femtosecond laser layer-by-layer strengthening - dot laser selective area fine shaping after overall forming", high-performance structural components can be manufactured efficiently, solving the problems of insufficient printing roughness and precision, insufficient processing efficiency, large processing allowance, and insufficient performance in the current additive manufacturing of complex components.

[0031] This application provides a processing apparatus based on dot-ring laser, such as... Figure 1 As shown, the device includes: Ultrafast laser source 1, used to generate ultrafast lasers; Fiber laser source 2, used to generate fiber laser; Spatial light modulator 9, disposed in the output optical path of the fiber laser, is used to modulate the beam of the fiber laser into a point and / or ring shape to obtain modulated fiber laser; for example Figure 3 The diagram shows the light field distribution of fiber laser spots of different shapes. A beam combiner is used to control the generation of a composite beam from the ultrafast laser and the modulated fiber laser; such as Figure 2 The image shown is a schematic diagram of a composite beam spot. The scanning component 13 is used to control the composite beam to scan the raw material along the scanning path to generate a molten pool for additive manufacturing, so as to perform additive manufacturing based on the molten pool.

[0032] The ultrafast laser source 1 can employ femtosecond or picosecond lasers, with wavelengths selectable from ultraviolet, green, and infrared bands depending on the characteristics of the material being processed. This ultrafast laser is suitable for applications such as fine microstructure control during the molten pool formation process in additive manufacturing, impact strengthening after each layer of additive printing, and micro-subtractive shaping. For example, when processing hard and brittle materials such as ceramics, a femtosecond laser in the infrared band can be used to achieve high-quality processing.

[0033] The fiber laser source 2 can output continuous or quasi-continuous laser light, and its processing mechanism is mainly thermal. This laser can generate a large and deep molten pool during the additive manufacturing process, which helps to ensure a high deposition rate and overall forming efficiency in the additive printing process.

[0034] For example, to manufacture the target component of a copper alloy nozzle, given the high reflectivity of copper alloys, the ultrafast laser source 1 could be a femtosecond laser. The ultrafast light source wavelength would be selected as green light, used for fine microstructure control, impact strengthening, and fine subtractive shaping during the additive manufacturing process. The fiber laser would be a continuous-wave laser with a wavelength of 1064nm and a laser power of 1000W, based on thermal processing mechanisms, used to generate a deep and wide molten pool during the additive manufacturing process, ensuring printing speed and efficiency.

[0035] For example, to manufacture an aluminum alloy flame tube, given the high reflectivity of aluminum alloy, the ultrafast laser source 1 could be a femtosecond laser. The ultrafast light source wavelength is selected as red light, used for fine microstructure control, impact strengthening, and fine subtractive shaping during the additive manufacturing process. Based on the characteristics of aluminum alloy materials, the fiber laser source 2 is a continuous-wave laser with a wavelength of 1064nm and a laser power of 1000W. Based on the thermal processing mechanism, it is used to generate a deep and wide molten pool during the additive manufacturing process, ensuring the printing speed and efficiency of the additive manufacturing process.

[0036] Optionally, the scanning component 13 is further configured to: during the additive manufacturing process, after each layer is printed, control the ultrafast laser, the fiber laser, or the composite beam to scan the current layer that has been printed, until the additive manufacturing process is completed and a shaped component is obtained.

[0037] Understandably, in the additive manufacturing process, after each layer is completed, ultrafast lasers, fiber lasers, or composite beams are used to scan and strengthen the current layer until the additive manufacturing process is completed and a shaped component is obtained. This ensures that each layer of additive manufacturing is denser and has better bonding, and helps to promptly correct quality problems such as porosity and cracks caused by each layer of additive manufacturing. This can improve the quality of additive manufacturing (roughness, etc.) and effectively improve the mechanical properties brought about by individual additive manufacturing, such as tensile strength, fatigue resistance, wear resistance, etc., and even reach the mechanical properties of casting and forging.

[0038] It should be noted that during impact strengthening, a single fiber laser source 2, a single ultrafast laser source 1, or a composite beam mode can be selected. By simply adjusting parameters such as the laser's scanning speed, scanning interval, and pulse energy, the interaction mechanism between the laser and the material can be changed, thus enabling the use of either molten pool additive manufacturing or impact strengthening.

[0039] Optionally, the scanning component 13 is further configured to control the ultrafast laser to position the molded component to be trimmed after obtaining the molded component; the device further includes: a high-speed beam deflection component 4, configured to control the ultrafast laser to scan and trim the molded component to be trimmed.

[0040] In other words, after the overall molding process yields the molded component, further fine-tuning can be performed on the shape of the molded component, such as burrs, protruding corners, material accumulation, and deformation, as well as the fine structure and texture of the surface of the molded component. This significantly improves the manufacturing precision of additive manufacturing.

[0041] Optionally, the device further includes a first beam divergence angle adjustable collimating and expanding lens 3 disposed on the output optical path of the ultrafast laser source 1. The first beam divergence angle adjustable collimating and expanding lens 3 includes two convex lenses and a concave lens located between the two convex lenses. The first beam divergence-adjustable collimating and beam expander 3 is used to collimate and enlarge the beam diameter of the ultrafast laser, and to adjust the optical power of the ultrafast laser beam by adjusting the position of the concave lens so that the focusing position of the ultrafast laser coincides with the focusing position of the fiber laser in the Z-axis direction.

[0042] Correspondingly, the beam combining component is also used to: control the output light of the first beam divergence angle adjustable collimating expander 3 and the modulated fiber laser to generate the composite beam.

[0043] Optionally, the high-speed beam deflection component 4 is disposed in the output optical path of the first beam divergence angle adjustable collimating and expanding mirror 3. The high-speed beam deflection component 4 includes two electro-optic deflectors with their optical axes perpendicular to each other. The high-speed beam deflection component 4 is used to adjust the voltage range of the two electro-optic deflectors to make the ultrafast laser spot move within a preset two-dimensional range, specifically as follows: Figure 4 As shown.

[0044] Correspondingly, the beam combining component is also used to: control the output light of the high-speed beam deflection component 4 and the modulated fiber laser to generate the composite beam.

[0045] Specifically, it can be as follows: Figure 6 As shown, when the electro-optic deflector operates under a applied voltage, the ultrafast laser performs... Figure 6 During the motion of 'a', when the electro-optic deflector is subjected to a voltage, the ultrafast laser performs... Figure 6 The motion of b, when electro-optic deflector one and electro-optic deflector two are simultaneously applied with the same voltage and change synchronously, the ultrafast laser performs... Figure 6 When electro-optic deflectors 1 and 2 are subjected to different voltages, the ultrafast laser can perform motions of arbitrary shapes such as ellipses, triangles, and rectangles.

[0046] In other words, the scanning trajectory controlled by the scanning component 13 is a large-scale scanning motion, while the high-speed beam deflection component 4 controls the ultrafast laser spot to move within a preset two-dimensional range as a small-scale scanning motion. Whether it's the ultrafast laser spot in a composite beam, the ultrafast laser spot during impact strengthening, or the ultrafast laser spot during scanning trimming, it can not only perform a large-scale scan under the control of the scanning component 13, but also a small-scale scan within a preset two-dimensional range under the control of the high-speed beam deflection component 4. The scanning trajectory controlled by the scanning component 14 can be as follows: Figure 5 As shown.

[0047] Specifically, the high-speed beam deflection component 4 consists of two electro-optic deflectors with their optical axes placed perpendicular to each other. It is mainly used to achieve ultrafast laser small field of view, high precision and fast two-dimensional scanning in additive, equal material and subtractive processing. Specifically, it is applied to fine structure control in additive processing, precision beam impact in equal material processing and fine engraving of complex structures in subtractive processing.

[0048] Electro-optic deflection utilizes a refractive index gradient perpendicular to the beam's propagation direction to deflect the beam. By designing specially shaped electrodes, a gradient electric field is created within the crystal, which in turn generates a gradient refractive index distribution perpendicular to the beam's propagation direction through the electro-optic effect. The beam deflects towards the direction of increasing refractive index, and the deflection angle can be precisely controlled by an applied voltage.

[0049] The high-speed beam deflection component 4 uses a KTN (potassium tantalate niobate) crystal as its prism crystal. KTN is one of the crystals known to have the largest secondary electro-optic effect, and it has the characteristics of high dielectric constant, low dielectric loss, significant ferroelectricity, and excellent nonlinear optical performance.

[0050] The high-speed beam deflection component 4 calculates the beam deflection angle as follows: A double-prism deflector is formed by two KTN wedge prisms. The applied electric field is along the y-direction, and the optical axes of the two prisms are opposite. The z-axis and x-axis are the principal axes of induction. If the light ray is incident along the x-axis and vibrates along the z-axis, the refractive index in the lower prism is:

[0051] In the upper prism, since the direction of the applied electric field is opposite to the z-axis of the prism, the refractive index is:

[0052] Therefore, the refractive index of light in the upper and lower prisms is:

[0053] The deflection angle θ of the light beam after passing through the electro-optic deflector is:

[0054] in: The length of the crystal in the direction of light propagation. The diameter of the beam. Let be the crystal width in the y-direction. For external voltage, For an external electric field, is the linear electro-optic coefficient of the crystal.

[0055] It can be seen that the deflection angle of the emitted light from the high-speed beam deflection component 4 changes proportionally with the applied voltage, thereby achieving precise electronic control of the beam propagation direction.

[0056] Optionally, the device further includes a pinhole 6 and a second beam divergence adjustable collimating and expanding lens 7 sequentially disposed on the output optical path of the fiber laser. The second beam divergence adjustable collimating and expanding lens 7 includes two convex lenses and a concave lens located between the two convex lenses. The pinhole 6 is used for spatial filtering of the fiber laser; The second beam divergence adjustable collimating and expanding lens 7 is used to collimate and magnify the beam diameter of the light emitted from the pinhole 6, and to adjust the optical power of the fiber laser beam by adjusting the position of the concave lens so that the focusing position of the fiber laser coincides with the focusing position of the ultrafast laser in the Z-axis direction.

[0057] Correspondingly, the spatial light modulator 9 is also used to modulate the spot of the emitted light from the second beam divergence angle adjustable collimating expander 7 into a dot and / or ring shape to obtain the modulated fiber laser.

[0058] Optionally, the device further includes a first polarizer 8 disposed between the second beam divergence angle adjustable collimating beam expander 7 and the spatial light modulator 9; The first polarizer 8 is used to control the polarization state of the outgoing light from the second beam divergence angle adjustable collimator 7; The spatial light modulator 9 is equipped with a variety of holograms and is also used to modulate the light spot of the emitted light from the first polarizer 8 into a dot and / or ring shape to obtain a modulated fiber laser.

[0059] Optionally, the spatial light modulator 9 of this application employs a reflective pure phase liquid crystal spatial light modulator 9 (LC-SLM). By loading various different holograms, the light waves incident on the spatial light modulator 9 can be phase-modulated to achieve the desired light field distribution. The fiber optic light source can flexibly output light spots with different distribution forms such as dots, dot rings, and rings, and the diameter of the ring-shaped light spot can also be dynamically adjusted by switching the corresponding hologram.

[0060] Furthermore, after the incident light is modulated into the desired light field distribution by the spatial light modulator 9, it is reflected again by the polarizing prism and converted into circularly polarized light after passing through a quarter-wave plate. It is then converted into linearly polarized light by the polarizer, with the polarization direction being the same as the polarization direction of the incident light required by the spatial light modulator 9.

[0061] Optionally, the device further includes a second polarizer 10 and a focusing lens 11 disposed on the output optical path of the spatial light modulator 9; The second polarizer 10 is used to control the polarization of the modulated fiber laser; The focusing lens 11 is used to control the position of the focal point of the emitted light from the second polarizer 10 in the Z-axis direction, so that the emitted light from the second polarizer 10 coincides with the focal point of the ultrafast laser in the Z-axis direction. Correspondingly, the beam combining component is also used to control the output light of the ultrafast laser and the focusing lens 11 to generate the composite beam.

[0062] Optionally, the beam combining assembly includes a reflector 5 and a beam combining mirror 12, wherein the reflector 5 is disposed on the outgoing light path of the high-speed beam deflection assembly 4; The reflector 5 is used to reflect the outgoing light of the high-speed beam deflection component 4 so that the outgoing light of the high-speed beam deflection component 4 enters the beam combiner 12. The beam combiner 12 is used to combine the light emitted from the reflector 5 and the light emitted from the focusing lens 11 onto the same optical axis to obtain the composite beam.

[0063] In this application, the beam combiner 12 can be a dichroic mirror, which can ensure that the light emitted from the reflector 5 and the light emitted from the focusing mirror 11 are combined to the same optical axis to obtain the composite beam.

[0064] Optionally, the scanning component 13 of this application can be disposed on the output optical path of the beam combiner 12. The scanning component 13 of this application can be a two-dimensional galvanometer or a three-dimensional scanning galvanometer to realize a large-range scanning of the composite beam.

[0065] Optionally, the device further includes a focusing component 14 disposed on the output optical path of the scanning component 13; The focusing component 14 is used to focus the spatial scanning beam formed by the scanning component 13 onto the surface of the raw material.

[0066] The focusing component 14 can be a combination of an f-θ field lens and an image-side telecentric field lens. This focusing component 14 can focus the spatial scanning beam formed by the scanning component 13 onto the surface of the raw material. The telecentric field lens ensures that the main rays of all spatial scanning beams are perpendicular to the surface of the raw material throughout the entire scanning range, thereby ensuring a high degree of consistency in processing quality during large-scale scanning.

[0067] This application also provides a processing method based on a dot-ring laser, which is applied to a processing apparatus based on a dot-ring laser provided in this application embodiment, such as... Figure 7 As shown, the method includes the following steps: Step 101: Generate ultrafast laser based on an ultrafast laser source; Step 102: Generate fiber laser light based on a fiber laser source; Step 103: Modulate the spot of the fiber laser into a dot and / or ring shape using a spatial light modulator to obtain a modulated fiber laser; Step 104: Use a beam combiner to control the ultrafast laser and the modulated fiber laser to generate a composite beam; Step 105: Use a scanning component to control the composite beam to scan the raw material along the scanning path to generate a molten pool for additive manufacturing, and perform additive manufacturing based on the molten pool.

[0068] In one embodiment, the method further includes: In the additive manufacturing process, after each layer is printed, a scanning component is used to control the ultrafast laser, the fiber laser, or the composite beam to scan the current layer that has been printed, until the additive manufacturing process is completed and the shaped component is obtained.

[0069] In one embodiment, the method further includes: After obtaining the shaped component, the scanning component is used to control the ultrafast laser to position the shaped component at the trimming position; The ultrafast laser is controlled by a high-speed beam deflection component to scan and trim the position of the shaped component to be trimmed.

[0070] In one embodiment, the method further includes: The ultrafast laser spot in the composite beam, the ultrafast laser spot during impact strengthening, and the ultrafast laser spot during scanning trimming can not only perform large-scale scanning under the control of the scanning component, but also perform small-scale scanning within a preset two-dimensional range under the control of the high-speed beam deflection component.

[0071] In one embodiment, the method further includes: The ultrafast laser is collimated and its beam diameter is magnified using a first beam divergence-adjustable collimating and expanding lens. The optical power of the ultrafast laser beam is adjusted by adjusting the position of the concave lens so that the focusing position of the ultrafast laser coincides with the focusing position of the fiber laser in the Z-axis direction.

[0072] In one embodiment, the method further includes: By employing a high-speed beam deflection assembly and adjusting the voltage range of two electro-optic deflectors, the ultrafast laser spot is made to move within a preset two-dimensional range.

[0073] In one embodiment, the method further includes: Spatial filtering of the fiber laser is performed using a pinhole aperture; The second beam divergence-adjustable collimating and expanding lens is used to collimate and magnify the beam diameter of the light emitted from the pinhole. The position of the concave lens is adjusted to adjust the optical power of the fiber laser beam so that the focusing position of the fiber laser coincides with the focusing position of the ultrafast laser in the Z-axis direction.

[0074] In one embodiment, the method further includes: The polarization state of the outgoing light from the second beam divergence angle adjustable collimating beam expander is controlled by a first polarizer. By using a spatial light modulator equipped with multiple holograms, the light spot of the emitted light from the first polarizer is modulated into a dot and / or ring shape to obtain a modulated fiber laser.

[0075] In one embodiment, the method further includes: A second polarizer is used to control the polarization of the modulated fiber laser; a focusing lens is used to control the position of the focal point of the emitted light from the second polarizer in the Z-axis direction, so that the emitted light from the second polarizer coincides with the focal point of the ultrafast laser in the Z-axis direction.

[0076] In one embodiment, the method further includes: A reflector is used to reflect the outgoing light of the high-speed beam deflection component so that the outgoing light of the high-speed beam deflection component enters the beam combiner. A beam combiner is used to combine the light emitted from the reflector and the light emitted from the focusing lens onto the same optical axis to obtain the composite beam.

[0077] In general, the processing method based on dot ring laser provided in this application embodiment may include the following process: 1. Additive manufacturing process: 1) Turn on the ultrafast laser source and fiber laser source, and select the appropriate power for the ultrafast light source and fiber light source respectively.

[0078] 2) The fiber laser source is equipped with a suitable hologram through a spatial light modulator to form a light field distribution such as ring, dot ring, and dot. The fiber ring spot used has a larger adjustable size (size 200-500 micrometers) and uses a power of 500-1000W to generate a deep and wide molten pool in the additive manufacturing process, ensuring the printing speed and efficiency of additive manufacturing.

[0079] Among them, the ring beam shaping beam reduces overheating by redistributing laser energy more evenly, and forms a wide and deep molten pool by melting through the heat source. The temperature distribution and solidification process of the molten pool can also be precisely controlled by beam field modulation, controlling the temperature gradient and molten pool depth, changing the energy distribution state of the beam, thereby improving the control of molten pool dynamics, effectively suppressing the generation of porosity, spatter, etc. The deep molten pool can make the fusion between the upper and lower layers more compact, increase the interlayer bonding strength, thereby improving the structural stability of the component, improving manufacturing quality, and improving the density and mechanical properties of the printed parts.

[0080] At the same time, the shaped laser beam spot size increases several times (200-500 micrometers), forming a wide molten pool. The beam covers a large area in a short time, resulting in high printing speed and high manufacturing efficiency. This improves laser processing speed while reducing the number of defects, significantly increasing productivity.

[0081] 3) By adjusting the voltages of the two electro-optic deflectors within the range of [-U, +U], the ultrafast laser source can perform small-range, high-speed, and high-precision movements within the center of the molten pool formed by the point ring spot of the fiber source. Specifically, as follows... Figure 4 As shown.

[0082] The primary function of ultrafast lasers is to manipulate the local thermal gradient and solid / liquid (S / L) interface velocity during the melting and solidification process of the molten pool formed by a fiber optic light source. Under the control of a high-speed beam deflection component, ultrafast lasers achieve high-speed scanning over a small area, thus manipulating the solidification and crystallization of additive manufacturing. This is beneficial for controlling key microstructural features, namely grain size, solidification morphology (e.g., planar, honeycomb, and dendritic), and crystal texture of the additively manufactured metal parts, significantly affecting mechanical properties such as strength and ductility. This can be achieved through changes in morphology (e.g., equiaxed vs. columnar), size, and crystallographic texture. Furthermore, the beam motion of the ultrafast laser exerts a photomechanical effect on the molten pool, effectively suppressing the formation of spatter, porosity, and cracks, thereby improving the printing accuracy and quality of additive manufacturing.

[0083] 2. Impact-strengthened manufacturing process: 1) Turn on the ultrafast laser source; 2) Simultaneously, under the control of the scanning component, the ultrafast laser spot moves at a uniform or variable speed along the configured scanning path. At the same time, the voltages of the two electro-optic deflectors in the high-speed beam deflection component are adjusted within the range of [-U, +U]. This ensures that the ultrafast laser, under the control of the scanning component, has a large-area scanning capability, resulting in a larger processing area. Simultaneously, the ultrafast laser can perform high-precision movement within a small area under the control of the high-speed beam deflection component, thus achieving high-precision processing of large areas. To ensure that the composite spot follows the scanning component while the ultrafast light source performs even faster and smaller-area movements, the scanning speed of the galvanometer and the switching frequency of the electro-optic deflectors can be controlled and adjusted.

[0084] 3. After each layer of additive manufacturing is completed, another layer is impact-strengthened. The above additive manufacturing process and impact strengthening process are repeated until the component is formed as a whole. This can effectively improve the problems of insufficient mechanical properties and lifespan caused by additive manufacturing alone. 4. The laser precision shaping process includes: 1) Turn on the ultrafast laser source; 2) For the burrs, protruding corners, material accumulation, deformation and other parts of the overall shaped component, the scanning component is opened and the two-dimensional and three-dimensional scanning of the ultrafast laser is used to trim the deformed parts of the shaped component. At this time, the high-speed beam deflection component does not load an electric field and does not generate a refractive index gradient distribution, so that the beam is emitted parallel to the optical axis and does not produce beam tilt. 3) For the fine texture of the component surface (in the range of micrometers to hundreds of micrometers), the ultrafast laser is positioned at the texture of the target location of the component to be repaired by the scanning component and held stationary. Then, the voltage of the two electro-optic deflectors is adjusted within the range of [-U, +U]. This ensures that the ultrafast laser has a large-area scanning capability under the control of the scanning component, and the processing area is larger. At the same time, the ultrafast laser can perform high-precision movement in a small range under the control of the high-speed beam deflection component, thus realizing high-precision processing of a large area.

[0085] The beneficial effects of the processing apparatus and method based on dot ring laser provided in this application include at least the following: 1. This application proposes a method of "layer-by-layer printing with dot ring laser additive manufacturing - layer-by-layer strengthening with dot laser and femtosecond laser - fine shaping with dot laser in selected areas after overall forming" to achieve efficient manufacturing of high-performance structural components. This method solves the current problems of "insufficient printing roughness and precision, large machining allowance and insufficient performance" in the additive manufacturing of complex components. It aims to balance manufacturing precision, quality, efficiency and performance, which can significantly improve the performance of structural components, reduce production costs, shorten the manufacturing cycle and effectively improve product performance and manufacturing effect. 2. In additive manufacturing, a fiber optic light source point ring + ultrafast laser high-speed scanning processing method is adopted. The laser beam energy distribution directly affects the quality and performance of the printed parts. Dynamic shaping of the light field can accurately control the heat input of the workpiece by optimizing the beam energy distribution, realizing the redistribution of beam energy, thereby significantly improving the uniformity of powder melting. Compared with traditional Gaussian beams, the ring spot can distribute heat over a larger area, improving process efficiency and product quality. Through beam light field modulation, the temperature distribution and solidification process of the molten pool can also be precisely controlled, effectively suppressing the generation of porosity, spatter, etc., improving manufacturing quality, and increasing the density and mechanical properties of the printed parts.

[0086] Ring-shaped or dot-ring fiber laser sources are continuous or quasi-continuous lasers, based on thermal processing mechanisms, used to generate deep and wide molten pools in additive manufacturing, ensuring printing speed and efficiency. This not only improves energy utilization but also significantly increases printing efficiency. Precision that previously required multiple processing steps can now be achieved in a single process through beam shaping technology, greatly shortening the production cycle. The used fiber ring spot has a larger adjustable size (200-500 micrometers) and a power of 500-1000W. The ring-shaped beam reduces overheating by more uniformly redistributing laser energy and controls the temperature gradient and molten pool depth, altering the beam's energy distribution. This improves control over molten pool dynamics and reduces particle spatter during printing, resulting in faster printing speeds, improved process stability, and enhanced surface quality. Simultaneously, the shaped beam spot size increases several times (200-500 micrometers), increasing laser processing speed while reducing defects and significantly improving productivity.

[0087] 3. The energy of the inner and outer rings of the fiber optic light source can be flexibly adjusted. By adjusting the hologram of the spatial light modulator (SLM), the light field can present three modes: ring, dot-ring, and dot. The energy ratio between the dot and ring spots can be precisely controlled, and the distribution can be adjusted between 100% energy at the center spot and zero energy at the center spot. This distribution results in a wider melt pool, a more uniform temperature gradient, and effectively suppresses spatter and hump phenomena. For example, the outer ring laser has a low power density, while the inner ring laser has a high power density circular Gaussian laser. Both the central laser and the outer ring laser can be independently adjusted in power, allowing for arbitrary combinations according to process requirements. Under the same laser power and external conditions, the power density of the central Gaussian laser is much higher than that of the ring laser. The high-power-density central laser is mainly used to generate the keyhole and form the melt depth, while the low-power-density outer ring laser is mainly used to stabilize the keyhole and the melt pool, affecting the melt width and appearance. Furthermore, through the flexible and adjustable inner and outer ring beams, it simultaneously serves the functions of preheating, surface treatment, modification, and post-treatment, thereby improving processing quality, reducing defects such as spatter, pores, and cracks, reducing part rework, and increasing yield by 75%. 4. The diameter of the annular laser spot can also be adjusted using different SLMs. It can be arbitrarily combined according to different aspect ratios, energy densities, speeds, surface qualities, and gap assembly requirements, significantly improving processing efficiency. With the help of external equipment such as galvanometers, the additive manufacturing speed can be greatly increased, further improving the finished product efficiency. Additive manufacturing speed is limited by various physical phenomena during the additive process, such as spatter, humps, and increased porosity. When using point-ring laser processing, these phenomena are greatly reduced. The energy ratio of the point-ring laser spot can be selected and adjusted for different additive material process parameters (such as metal thickness, metal type, and geometry).

[0088] 5. The annular laser spot can effectively improve processing quality (low spatter) while increasing processing efficiency. Low spatter: The annular beam hits around the keyhole, causing the molten metal to evaporate rapidly. The evaporated metal vapor gives the molten pool a downward reaction force, pressing down the opening of the molten pool. This makes the keyhole opening of the molten pool "Y"-shaped during the welding process, thereby suppressing the surface fluctuation of the molten pool and reducing the molten pool fluctuation. Covering the keyhole and blocking the normal ejection of plasma within the keyhole reduces the probability of spatter. Compared with pure Gaussian energy distribution lasers, the heat-affected zone is smaller, and a larger and more stable keyhole can be generated in a more precise processing area, making it easier for the metal vapor in the molten pool to escape and minimizing kinetic energy. The annular beam can reduce the original keyhole closing time from 24% to about 2%. The less keyhole closing, the lower the probability of spatter. Compared with traditional Gaussian lasers, it can reduce spatter by more than 92%, especially eliminating the defects of pitting caused by large spatter. By employing an annular laser spot, the shear force is reduced, ensuring that the keyhole in the molten pool maintains a stable, vertically upward-oriented dimension. With consistent shear force and relatively stable surface tension, the molten metal cannot be carried away. This prevents the shear force from acting on the molten pool, effectively keeping it from contacting the liquid metal. Simultaneously, it increases surface tension, expands the molten pool area, applies external force to the surface, reduces molten pool fluctuations, lowers the frequency of keyhole periodic collapse, enlarges the opening, and reduces the influence of plasma.

[0089] 6. The ultrafast light source in the central part is used for high-speed scanning to control the fine structure, impact strengthening, and fine subtractive shaping in the additive manufacturing process. For example, infrared femtosecond lasers are used for ceramic materials. The heat source melts the material to form a wide and deep molten pool. The deep molten pool allows for tighter fusion between upper and lower layers, increasing interlayer bonding and thus improving the structural stability of the component. Simultaneously, the wide molten pool allows the beam to cover a larger area in a short time, resulting in high printing speed and manufacturing efficiency. When different voltages are applied to the electro-optic deflectors one and two, the ultrafast laser high-speed scanning can perform different shaped movements such as ellipses, triangles, and rectangles. Its main function is to manipulate the local thermal gradient and solid / liquid (S / L) interface velocity through high-speed scanning within a small range during the melting and solidification process of the molten pool formed by the fiber light source. This is beneficial for controlling the solidification and crystallization of the additive manufacturing process, altering key microstructural features such as grain size, solidification morphology (e.g., planar, honeycomb, and dendritic), and the crystal texture of the additively manufactured metal parts, significantly affecting mechanical properties such as strength and ductility. It can be shaped (e.g., isometric and columnar), sized, and have crystallographic texture. In addition, the beam motion exerts a photomechanical effect on the molten pool, which can effectively suppress the formation of spatter, pores, and cracks, thereby improving the printing accuracy and quality of additive manufacturing.

[0090] 7. By adopting a layer-by-layer printing and strengthening strategy until the component is formed as a whole, each layer of additive manufacturing is made denser and has a better bond. This also helps to promptly correct quality problems such as porosity and cracks caused by each layer of additive manufacturing. This can improve the quality of additive manufacturing (roughness, etc.) and effectively improve the mechanical properties brought about by individual additive manufacturing, such as tensile strength, fatigue resistance, wear resistance, etc., and even reach the mechanical properties of casting and forging. 8. After the overall molding is completed, the burrs, protruding corners, material accumulation, deformation and other parts of the overall molded component, as well as the fine structure and texture of the component surface, can be further refined, which greatly improves the manufacturing precision of additive manufacturing. 9. By coordinating the movement of two electro-optic deflectors and a scanning galvanometer, the high-precision, high-frequency, and high-resolution scanning characteristics of the electro-optic deflector are combined with the wide-range scanning characteristics of the scanning galvanometer. While the composite spot moves in a macroscopic trajectory, the ultrafast laser source can also perform high-frequency fine movements. This gives the composite spot processing the characteristics of wide-range, high-precision, and high-efficiency manufacturing. Moreover, the individual motion trajectories are highly flexible and can perform straight lines, circles, triangles, rectangles, or even free curves.

[0091] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined in any way. For the sake of brevity, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0092] The above embodiments merely illustrate several implementation methods of this application, and while the descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention patent. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of this application, and these all fall within the protection scope of this application. Therefore, the protection scope of this patent application should be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A processing device based on dot-ring laser, characterized in that, The device includes: Ultrafast laser source, used to generate ultrafast lasers; Fiber laser source, used to generate fiber laser; A spatial light modulator is disposed in the output optical path of the fiber laser to modulate the spot of the fiber laser into a dot and / or ring shape to obtain a modulated fiber laser. A beam combiner is used to control the ultrafast laser and the modulated fiber laser to generate a composite beam. A scanning component is used to control the composite beam to scan the raw material along the scanning path to generate a molten pool for additive manufacturing, so as to perform additive manufacturing based on the molten pool.

2. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The scanning component is also used for: In the additive manufacturing process, after each layer is printed, the ultrafast laser, the fiber laser, or the composite beam is controlled to scan the current layer that has been printed, until the additive manufacturing process is completed and the shaped component is obtained.

3. The apparatus according to claim 2, characterized in that, The scanning component is also used to control the ultrafast laser to position the molded component to be trimmed after the molded component is obtained; The device further includes a high-speed beam deflection component for controlling the ultrafast laser to scan and trim the position of the shaped component to be trimmed.

4. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The device further includes a first beam divergence adjustable collimating and expanding lens disposed on the output optical path of the ultrafast laser source, the first beam divergence adjustable collimating and expanding lens comprising two convex lenses and a concave lens located between the two convex lenses; The first beam divergence-adjustable collimating and expanding lens is used to collimate and enlarge the beam diameter of the ultrafast laser, and to adjust the optical power of the ultrafast laser beam by adjusting the position of the concave lens so that the focusing position of the ultrafast laser coincides with the focusing position of the fiber laser in the Z-axis direction.

5. The apparatus according to claim 4, characterized in that, The high-speed beam deflection assembly is disposed on the output optical path of the first beam divergence angle adjustable collimating beam expander, and the high-speed beam deflection assembly includes two electro-optic deflectors with their optical axes perpendicular to each other. The high-speed beam deflection component is used to adjust the voltage range of the two electro-optic deflectors so that the spot of the ultrafast laser moves within a preset two-dimensional range.

6. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The device also includes a pinhole and a second beam divergence adjustable collimating and expanding lens sequentially disposed on the output optical path of the fiber laser. The second beam divergence adjustable collimating and expanding lens includes two convex lenses and a concave lens located between the two convex lenses. The pinhole is used for spatial filtering of the fiber laser; The second beam divergence adjustable collimating and expanding lens is used to collimate and magnify the beam diameter of the light emitted from the pinhole, and to adjust the optical power of the fiber laser beam by adjusting the position of the concave lens so that the focusing position of the fiber laser coincides with the focusing position of the ultrafast laser in the Z-axis direction.

7. The apparatus according to claim 6, characterized in that, The device further includes a first polarizer disposed between the second beam divergence angle adjustable collimating beam expander and the spatial light modulator; The first polarizer is used to control the polarization state of the outgoing light from the second beam divergence angle adjustable collimator. The spatial light modulator is equipped with a variety of holograms and is also used to modulate the light spot of the emitted light from the first polarizer into a dot and / or ring shape to obtain a modulated fiber laser.

8. The apparatus according to claim 5, characterized in that, The device also includes a second polarizer and a focusing lens disposed on the outgoing optical path of the spatial light modulator; The second polarizer is used to control the polarization of the modulated fiber laser; The focusing lens is used to position the focal point of the emitted light from the second polarizer in the Z-axis direction, so that the emitted light from the second polarizer coincides with the focal point of the ultrafast laser in the Z-axis direction.

9. The apparatus according to claim 8, characterized in that, The beam combining assembly includes a reflector and a beam combining mirror, wherein the reflector is disposed on the outgoing light path of the high-speed beam deflection assembly; The reflector is used to reflect the outgoing light of the high-speed beam deflection component so that the outgoing light of the high-speed beam deflection component enters the beam combiner. The beam combiner is used to combine the light emitted from the reflector and the light emitted from the focusing lens onto the same optical axis to obtain the composite beam.

10. A processing method based on dot-ring laser, characterized in that, The method, applied to the processing apparatus based on dot-ring lasers according to any one of claims 1-9, comprises: Generating ultrafast lasers based on ultrafast laser sources; Fiber laser is generated based on a fiber laser source; A spatial light modulator is used to modulate the spot of the fiber laser into a dot and / or ring shape to obtain a modulated fiber laser. A beam combiner is used to control the ultrafast laser and the modulated fiber laser to generate a composite beam. The composite beam is controlled by a scanning component to scan the raw material along the scanning path to generate a molten pool for additive manufacturing, and additive manufacturing is performed based on the molten pool.

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