Shock absorber

Abstract

The invention relates to a shock absorber, which can be regarded as a bearing with a shock absorption function, not only has the advantages of small size and convenience in use of the existing disc type shock absorber, but also has the advantages of simple structure and low cost of the existing straight tube type shock absorber. The shock absorber has the functions of being adjustable in shock absorption damping, adjustable in rebound damping and adjustable in preload, and due to the fact that the number of exposed movable parts needing to be lubricated is small, the shock absorber has good corrosion resistance and can better adapt to severe environments.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to a kind of shock absorbers, specifically to a kind of disc type shock absorber that realizes shock absorbing function by angle change instead of length change, which can be regarded as a kind of bearing with shock absorbing function, and is suitable for rocker structure in mechanical field. BACKGROUND

[0002] Compared with straight cylinder type shock absorber that realizes shock absorbing function by length change, disc type shock absorber that realizes shock absorbing function by angle change can more conveniently realize shock absorbing function between two relative rotating parts.

[0003] The present application discloses three kinds of disc type shock absorbers with publication numbers "CN118110751A", "CN118242389A" and application number "202510503018.1". The second and third shock absorbers have relatively complex part structures, and the required cost and precision for processing are higher than those of traditional straight cylinder type shock absorbers, which will result in higher production cost than that of traditional straight cylinder type shock absorbers. SUMMARY

[0004] The present application is further improved in view of the deficiencies of the prior art, especially the patent with application number "202510503018.1". As described above, the existing disc type shock absorber has the defects of complex part structure, high processing precision requirement and high production cost. Accordingly, the present application improves the above-mentioned shock absorber, which has the advantages of small size, small space occupation and convenient use of disc type shock absorber, and also has the low cost and high reliability of straight cylinder type shock absorber. In addition, due to the need for lubrication of the exposed movable parts, there are few movable parts that need to be lubricated, so the shock absorber has good adaptability to harsh environments.

[0005] The central shaft is replaced by a shell, which includes a main shell, a front cover plate and a rear cover plate. The main shell includes a shell fixing clamping groove, an outer through hole, an inner through hole, a fan-shaped partition column, a multi-prism fixing hole and a piston cavity. The front cover plate includes a bolt hole and a one-way valve.

[0006] The outer ring is replaced by an external shell, which includes a secondary shell, an outer through hole flow limiting valve, a pressure storage piston and a pressure storage piston limiting bolt. The secondary shell includes a fixing clamping groove, a front sealing ring groove, a rear sealing ring groove, a fan-shaped partition lug, an outer through hole flow limiting valve working groove, a pressure storage chamber, a pressure storage chamber threaded hole and a flow guide groove.

[0007] Other components and the function of the implementation are replaced by the shock rebound damping adjustment unit, shock compression damping adjustment unit, preloading adjustment unit three modules. The rebound damping adjustment unit includes rebound damping size regulator, damping valve, center column, damping valve axial movable bolt, inner rotating disturbance isolator; damping adjustment unit includes damping spring preloading regulator, damping spring preloading nut, damping spring, outer rotating disturbance isolator; preloading adjustment unit includes preloading regulator, shock absorbing spring base, shock absorbing spring, piston. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0008] Figure 1 It is the appearance schematic diagram of the shock absorber described in the application.

[0009] Figure 2 It is the working principle diagram of the shock absorber described in the application.

[0010] Figure 3 It is the component schematic diagram of the main shell of the shock absorber described in the application.

[0011] Figure 4 It is the schematic diagram of the front cover plate of the shock absorber described in the application.

[0012] Figure 5 It is the rear side schematic diagram of the main shell of the shock absorber described in the application.

[0013] Figure 6 It is the front side schematic diagram of the main shell of the shock absorber described in the application.

[0014] Figure 7 It is the schematic diagram of the outer shell of the shock absorber described in the application

[0015] Figure 8 It is the rear side schematic diagram of the secondary shell of the shock absorber described in the application.

[0016] Figure 9 It is the front side schematic diagram of the secondary shell of the shock absorber described in the application.

[0017] Figure 10 It is the component schematic diagram of the outer through hole flow limiting valve of the shock absorber described in the application.

[0018] Figure 11 It is the component schematic diagram of the shock rebound damping adjustment unit of the shock absorber described in the application.

[0019] Figure 12 It is the schematic diagram of the center column of the shock absorber described in the application.

[0020] Figure 13 It is the schematic diagram of the damping valve of the shock absorber described in the application.

[0021] Figure 14 is a schematic view of an inner rotational disturbance isolator that is a component of the shock absorber of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 15 is a schematic view of a flow orifice lower limit adjuster that is a component of the shock absorber of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 16 is a schematic view of a damping valve axial travel bolt that is a component of the shock absorber of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 17 is a schematic view of a damping adjuster unit that is a component of the shock absorber of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 18 is a schematic view of a damping spring pre-load adjuster that is a component of the shock absorber of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 19 is a schematic view of a damping spring pre-load adjuster nut that is a component of the shock absorber of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 20 is a schematic view of an outer rotational disturbance isolator that is a component of the shock absorber of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 21 is a schematic view of a pre-load adjuster unit that is a component of the shock absorber of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 22 is a schematic view of a shock spring base that is a component of the shock absorber of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 23 is a schematic view of a pre-load adjuster that is a component of the shock absorber of the present invention.

[0031] Figure 24 is a schematic view of an embodiment of the shock absorber of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] Figure 24 is an embodiment of the present invention.

[0033] As Figure 1As shown, the shock absorber comprises a shell (1), an external shell (2), a rebound damping adjustment unit (4), a compression damping adjustment unit (5), and a preloading adjustment unit (6). The shell (1) is fixedly connected to one component through a fixing clamping groove (111) on a main shell (11) and an annular groove between the main shell (11) and a rear cover plate (13), and the external shell (2) is fixedly connected to another component through a fixing clamping groove and an annular groove on a secondary shell (21), so that the two components can form a mechanism capable of rotating relative to the center axis of the shock absorber and having a shock absorbing function. The rebound damping size of the shock absorber can be adjusted through the exposed polygonal prism of the rebound damping adjustment unit (4); the compression damping size of the shock absorber can be adjusted through the exposed polygonal prism of the compression damping adjustment unit (5); and the preloading size of the shock absorber can be adjusted through the exposed polygonal prism of the preloading adjustment unit (6).

[0034] As Figure 2As shown, the main shell (11) and the outer shell (2) can be radially relative rotation, the main shell (11) on the sector partition column (114) and the secondary shell (21) on the sector partition ear (213) form six each other apart cross section sector variable space, wherein 3 space through inner through hole (113) connected, form space B; another 3 space through outer through hole (112) connected, form space A, space A and space B do not communicate, the internal are filled with fluid as damping medium, the fluid is called damping medium, damping medium can be regarded as incompressible, space A and space B are also separated by the piston (61) in the piston cavity (115) of the main shell (11), two independent space, space B is divided into two connected parts by the small hole formed by the damping valve, the fluid in space B through the damping valve, the flow in the compression process is called forward flow, and the flow in the rebound process is called reverse flow. When the outer shell (2) rotates counterclockwise under the action of external force, space A is compressed, and the increased pressure in space A acts on the piston (61), so that the damping spring (62) is compressed, and the fluid in space B forms forward flow. When the pressure of forward flow is very large, the forward flow can compress the damping spring (53), so that part of the fluid in space B can quickly pass through the damping valve (42), forming good damping effect; when the external force acting on the outer shell (2) disappears, the damping spring (62) pushes the piston (61), so that the outer shell (2) rotates clockwise, and the fluid in space B forms reverse flow. Since the pressure of reverse flow comes from the limited elastic force of the damping spring (62), the damping spring (53) cannot be compressed to quickly pass through the damping valve, so as to achieve the required damping effect; in order to avoid the collision between the outer shell (2) and the main shell (11) when the outer shell (2) is subjected to strong impact, that is, the "bottom touch" condition of the straight cylinder shock absorber, the outer shell (2) is provided with an outer through hole flow limiting valve (23) which can be extended and retracted. When the impact on the outer shell (2) exceeds the rated load of the shock absorber, the outer through hole flow limiting valve (23) will gradually block most of the cross section of the outer through hole (112), so that the damping is quickly increased, thereby avoiding the collision between the outer shell (2) and the main shell (11), and reducing the possibility of damage to the shock absorber. In the actual use of the shock absorber, the leakage of the damping medium is inevitable. In order to improve the product maintenance cycle, the outer shell (2) is provided with a pressure storage chamber, which can maintain the internal pressure and store a certain amount of damping medium.

[0035] As Figure 3As shown, the shell (1) includes a main shell (11), a front cover plate (12), a rear cover plate (13), the main shell (11) and the front cover plate (12) form a space for the outer shell (2) to rotate a certain angle, and the fluid inside the shock absorber cannot pass through any movable contact surface between the outer shell (2), the main shell (11) and the rear cover plate (13) form a piston cavity for installing the rebound damping adjustment unit (4), the compression damping adjustment unit (5), and the preloading adjustment unit (6).

[0036] As shown in Figure 4 , the front cover plate (12) includes a bolt hole (121) for fixing the front cover plate (12) to the main shell (11), and a one-way valve (122) for injecting a damping medium into the shock absorber.

[0037] As shown in Figure 5 and Figure 6 , the main shell (11) includes a fixed clamping groove (111), an outer through hole (112), an inner through hole (113), a fan-shaped partition column (114), a piston cavity (115), and a multi-prism hole (116), the fixed clamping groove (111) is used to fix the main shell (11), the outer through hole (112) is used to form a space A between the outer shell (2) and the piston (61), the inner through hole (113) is used to form a space B between the piston (61), the damping valve (42) and the outer shell (2), the fan-shaped partition column (114) is used to form a plurality of variable volume fan-shaped spaces with the outer shell (2), the piston cavity (115) is used to install the rebound damping adjustment unit (4), the compression damping adjustment unit (5), and the preloading adjustment unit (6), and the multi-prism hole (116) is used to fix the rebound damping adjustment unit (4) so that the center column (41) cannot move radially and rotate along the center column.

[0038] As shown in Figure 7 , the outer shell (2) includes a secondary shell (21), a pressure storage piston limiting bolt (22), an outer through hole flow limiting valve (23), and a pressure storage piston (24), the secondary shell (21) is used to form a plurality of variable volume fan-shaped spaces with the fan-shaped partition column (114) of the main shell (11), and is connected to the target component to realize the shock absorbing function, the pressure storage piston limiting bolt (22) has a small through hole in the middle for packaging the pressure storage piston in the pressure storage chamber (215), the outer through hole flow limiting valve (23) is used to enhance the shock absorbing damping when the shock absorber bears excessive impact, and to avoid damage to the shock absorber when it touches the bottom, and the pressure storage piston (24) is used to accumulate pressure, and the source of the accumulated pressure can be a spring or compressed gas.

[0039] As shown in Figure 8 and Figure 9As shown, the secondary shell (21) includes a fixed clamping groove (211), a sealing ring groove (212A), a sealing ring groove (212B), a fan-shaped partition lug (213), an outer through-hole flow limiting valve groove (214), a pressure storage bin (215), a pressure storage piston limiting bolt threaded hole (216), and a flow guide groove (217). The fixed clamping groove (211) is used to fix one of the two components that need to achieve damping. The sealing ring grooves (212A) and (212B) are used to prevent leakage of the internal fluid of the shock absorber. The fan-shaped partition lug (213) is used to form a cross-section fan-shaped variable volume space with the fan-shaped partition column on the main shell (11). The outer through-hole flow limiting valve groove (214) is used to install the outer through-hole flow limiting valve (23). The pressure storage bin (215) is used to install the pressure storage piston (24). When the pressure injection fluid is increased, the pressure storage piston (24) is pushed to the deep part of the pressure storage bin (215), and the compressed gas or spring inside the pressure storage bin (215) can provide a sustained pressure to the inside of the shock absorber, and also provide a certain damping medium supplement function for the inside of the shock absorber. The pressure storage piston limiting bolt threaded hole (216) is used to install the pressure storage piston limiting bolt (22), so that the pressure storage piston (24) will not fall off. The flow guide groove (217) is used to provide a flow passage for the fluid inside the shock absorber and the fluid outside the pressure storage bin (215), so that they maintain the same pressure.

[0040] As shown in Figure 10 The outer through-hole flow limiting valve (23) includes a flow limiting valve body (231) and a spring sleeve (232). The spring sleeve (232) is an arc-shaped pipe. The flow limiting valve body (231) has a hole required for the movement of the spring sleeve (232). The spring stored between the two makes the outer through-hole flow limiting valve (23) remain in an open state. Under the impact of excessive load, the outer shell (2) rotates towards the outer through-hole (112) on the main shell (11), causing the flow limiting valve body (231) to block part of the outer through-hole (112), thereby obtaining greater damping resistance and avoiding the shock absorber from touching the bottom. When the flow limiting valve body (231) completely blocks the outer through-hole (112), the small gap at the front end of the flow limiting valve body (231) still forms a small cross-section fluid passage, reducing the peak pressure value borne by the inside of the shock absorber.

[0041] As shown in Figure 11As shown, the rebound damping adjustment unit (4) includes a center column (41), a damping valve (42), an inner rotary disturbance isolator (43), a rebound damping size adjuster (45), a damping valve axial movable bolt (46), the center column (41) is used to provide a direct or indirect attachment object for all parts inside the shock absorber, to realize the functions of adjustable rebound damping, adjustable damping, and adjustable damping preloading of the shock absorber, the damping valve (42) is used to control the size of the inner through hole (113), the inner rotary disturbance isolator (43) is used to avoid mutual interference of the rebound damping adjustment unit (4) and the compression damping adjustment unit (5) during adjustment, the rebound damping size adjuster (45) is used to adjust the rebound damping size, and the damping valve axial movable bolt (46) is used to adjust the position of the damping valve (42), thereby controlling the size of the inner through hole (113).

[0042] As shown in Figure 12 , the center column (41) includes a multi-prism (411), a piston slide rail (412), a damping spring base positioning thread (413), a damping valve slide rail (414), a damping spring positioning thread (415), an adjustment device limiting surface (416), and an inner through hole (113), the multi-prism (411) is used to be fixed to the multi-prism hole (116) on the main shell (11), in order to achieve better sealing effect, sealing glue or rubber gasket can be applied, the piston slide rail (412) is used for reciprocating movement of the piston (61) under sealed conditions, the damping spring base positioning thread (413) is used to install the damping spring base (63), to realize adjustable damping preloading, the damping valve slide rail (414) is used for limiting and sliding of the damping valve (42), the damping spring positioning thread (415) is used to install the damping spring adjusting nut (52), to realize damping preloading size adjustment, the adjustment device limiting surface (416) is used to limit the rebound damping adjustment unit (4), the compression damping adjustment unit (5), and the preloading adjustment unit (6) together with the rear cover plate (13), directly or indirectly making them unable to slide axially, but only rotating around the center axis, and the inner through hole (113) is used for fluid circulation in space B.

[0043] As shown in Figure 13 , the damping valve (42) includes a center column limiting hole (421), a multi-prism bolt hole (422), a damping valve flow guide groove (423), and an outer rotary disturbance isolator limiting groove (424), the center column limiting hole (421) is used to install the damping valve (42) on the damping valve slide rail (414) of the center column (41), the multi-prism bolt hole (422) is used to limit the damping valve axial movable bolt (46) from rotating relative to the damping valve (42), the damping valve flow guide groove (423) is used to ensure the minimum flow capacity of the damping valve (42), to avoid failure of the shock absorber, and the outer rotary disturbance isolator limiting groove (424) is used to avoid relative rotation of the outer rotary disturbance isolator (54) and the damping valve (42).

[0044] As shown in Figure 14 , the inner rotation disturbance isolator (43) includes a top support frame (431) for providing a solid support structure between the rebound damping adjustment unit (4) and the compression damping adjustment unit (5) to achieve good sealing effect, and a fixing key (432) for fixing the inner rotation disturbance isolator (43) to the center column (41) to avoid the rebound damping adjustment unit (4) and the compression damping adjustment unit (5) from disturbing each other during adjustment.

[0045] As shown in Figure 15 , the rebound damping size adjuster (45) includes a multi-prism (451) for rotating the rebound damping size adjuster (45) or installing parts of the rebound damping size adjuster (45), a smooth cylinder (452) for extending the multi-prism (451) to the outside, a limiting surface (453) for sliding connection with the limiting surface (416) of the adjustment device, and a damping valve axial movable bolt hole (454) for threaded connection with the threaded column (463) of the damping valve axial movable bolt (46), so that when the rebound damping size adjuster (45) is rotated, the threaded column (463) of the damping valve axial movable bolt (46) can be controlled to enter the damping valve axial movable bolt hole (454) to a depth of the threaded hole, thereby controlling the position of the damping valve (42) relative to the center column (41).

[0046] As shown in Figure 16 , the damping valve axial movable bolt (46) includes a nut (461) for controlling the cross-sectional size of the flow hole formed between the damping valve (42) and the center column (41), which determines the rebound damping size of the shock absorber, a multi-prism (462) for preventing the damping valve axial movable bolt (46) from rotating relative to the damping valve (42), and a threaded column (463) for controlling the extension and retraction of the damping valve axial movable bolt (46).

[0047] As shown in Figure 17As shown, the compression damping adjustment unit (5) includes a shock compression damping adjuster (51), a damping spring adjustment nut (52), a damping spring (53), and an outer rotation disturbance isolator (54). The shock compression damping adjuster (51) is used to drive the damping spring adjustment nut (52) to rotate, thereby controlling the compression degree of the damping spring (53). The damping spring adjustment nut (52) is used to cooperate with the damping spring positioning thread (415) of the center column (41), so as to realize the preloading size adjustment of the damping spring (53). The damping spring (53) is used to control the adjustment of the shock damping size. The outer rotation disturbance isolator (54) is used to avoid the mutual disturbance between the compression damping adjustment unit (5) and the preloading adjustment unit (6) during adjustment.

[0048] As shown in Figure 18 , the shock compression damping adjuster (51) includes a multi-prism (511), a smooth cylinder (512), a smooth cylinder hole (513), and a damping spring adjustment nut adjustment key (514). The multi-prism (511) is used to rotate the shock compression damping adjuster (51) or connect parts for rotating the shock compression damping adjuster (51). The smooth cylinder (512) is used to reduce the friction generated during rotation. The smooth cylinder hole (513) is used to accommodate the smooth cylinder (452) of the rebound damping size adjuster (45). The damping spring adjustment nut adjustment key (514) is used to fit into the damping spring adjustment nut adjustment key slot (521) of the damping spring adjustment nut (52).

[0049] As shown in Figure 19 , the damping spring adjustment nut (52) includes a damping spring adjustment nut adjustment key slot (521) and a damping valve axial movable bolt hole (522). The damping spring adjustment nut adjustment key slot (521) is used to cooperate with the damping spring adjustment nut adjustment key (514) of the shock compression damping adjuster (51), so that the shock compression damping adjuster (51) can control the rotation of the damping spring adjustment nut (52). The damping valve axial movable bolt hole (522) is used to cooperate with the damping spring positioning thread (415), so as to realize the axial movement of the damping spring adjustment nut (52).

[0050] As shown in Figure 20 , the outer rotation disturbance isolator (54) includes a top support frame (541) and a damping valve slot key (542). The top support frame (541) isolates the disturbance between the compression damping adjustment unit (5) and the preloading adjustment unit (6) from the top and side. The damping valve slot key (542) is connected with the outer rotation disturbance isolator limiting slot (424) on the damping valve (42) to avoid relative rotation between the outer rotation disturbance isolator (54) and the damping valve (42).

[0051] As shown in Figure 21As shown, the pre-load adjustment unit (6) includes a piston (61), a shock spring (62), a shock spring base (63), a sealing ring (64), a pre-load adjuster (65), the piston (61) is used to separate space A and space B, the shock spring (62) is used to provide support force for the shock absorber and realize the shock absorbing function, the shock spring base (63) is used to control the pre-load of the shock spring (62), the sealing ring (64) is used to form a seal between the pre-load adjustment unit (6) and the piston cavity (115) of the main housing (11), avoiding leakage of the damping medium, and the pre-load adjuster (65) is used to drive the shock spring base (63) to rotate, realizing the function of adjusting the pre-load size of the shock absorber.

[0052] As shown in Figure 22 As shown, the shock spring base (63) includes a center column shock spring base threaded hole (631), a shock spring tray (632), and a shock base adjustment clamping groove (633), the center column shock spring base threaded hole (631) is used to cooperate with the damping spring positioning thread (415) to realize the axial movement of the shock base, the shock spring tray (632) is used to provide support for one end of the shock spring (62), and the shock base adjustment clamping groove (633) is used to embed the shock spring base positioning key (655) on the pre-load adjuster (65), so that the rotation of the pre-load adjuster (65) can be converted into the axial movement of the shock spring base (63).

[0053] As shown in Figure 23 As shown, the pre-load adjuster (65) includes a multi-prism (651), a smooth cylinder (652), a shock compression damping adjuster smooth column hole (653), an inner sealing ring groove (654), and a shock spring base positioning key (655), the multi-prism (651) is used to rotate the pre-load adjuster (65) or install parts for rotating the pre-load adjuster (65), the smooth cylinder (652) is used to reduce the friction generated during rotation, the shock compression damping adjuster smooth column hole (653) is used to accommodate the smooth cylinder hole (513) of the shock compression damping adjuster (51), the inner sealing ring groove (654) is used to prevent the damping medium from leaking from the gap between the pre-load adjuster (65) and the compression damping adjustment unit (5), and the shock spring base positioning key (655) is used to be embedded into the shock base adjustment clamping groove (633) of the shock spring base (63), so that the two cannot rotate relative to each other.

[0054] As shown in Figure 24 As shown, the part (D1) and the part (D2) are connected to the housing (1) of the shock absorber (E) and the external shell (2), respectively, and the rocker arm fixing plate (D21) and the rocker arm fixing plate (D22) are used to fix the part (D1) on the external shell (2).

Claims

1. A shock absorber comprising a housing (1), an outer shell (2), a rebound damping adjustment unit (4), a compression damping adjustment unit (5) and a pre-load adjustment unit (6), the housing (1) comprising a main housing (11), a front cover plate (12) and a rear cover plate (13), the outer shell (2) comprising a secondary housing (21), the rebound damping adjustment unit (4) comprising a center post (41), a damping valve (42), an inner rotary disturbance isolator (43), a rebound damping size adjuster (45) and a damping valve axial movable bolt (46), the compression damping adjustment unit (5) comprising a shock compression damping adjuster (51), a damping spring adjuster nut (52), a damping spring (53) and an outer rotary disturbance isolator (54), the pre-load adjustment unit (6) comprising a piston (61), a shock spring (62), a shock spring base (63) and a pre-load adjuster (65), the housing (1), the outer shell (2), the rebound damping adjustment unit (4), the compression damping adjustment unit (5) and the pre-load adjustment unit (6) form a closed internal space inside the shock absorber, the space is divided into two spaces A and B which are not connected to each other by a slidable contact surface sealed between the housing (1) and the outer shell (2) and a slidable contact surface sealed between the piston (61) installed on the piston guide (412) and the piston cavity (115) in the center post (41) and the main housing (11), the spaces A and B are filled with liquid shock medium which can be considered as incompressible, the shape of the spaces A and B changes but the volume almost does not change during the compression and automatic rebound of the shock spring (62) of the shock absorber, the flow of the shock medium in the space A must pass through the outer through hole (112), the minimum flow cross section of the outer through hole (112) is controlled by the outer through hole flow control valve (23), the flow of the shock medium in the space B must pass through the inner through hole (113), the minimum flow cross section of the inner through hole (113) is controlled by the damping valve (42).The center column limiting hole (421) of the damping valve (42) is in sliding connection with the piston sliding rail (412) of the center column (41), the multi-prism (462) of the damping valve axial movable bolt (46) is in sliding connection with the multi-prism bolt hole (422) on the damping valve (42), the threaded column (463) is in threaded connection with the damping valve axial movable bolt hole (454) on the rebound damping size adjuster (45), so that the rotation of the rebound damping size adjuster (45) can control the size of the flow hole formed between the damping valve (42) and the center column (41), thereby realizing the adjustment of the rebound damping size of the shock absorber, the damping spring (53) is installed between the damping valve (42) and the damping spring adjusting nut (52), the damping valve axial movable bolt hole (522) of the damping spring adjusting nut (52) is in threaded connection with the damping spring positioning thread (415) of the center column (41), the damping spring adjusting nut adjusting key (514) on the shock compression damping adjuster (51) is in key connection with the damping spring adjusting nut adjusting key slot (521), so that the rotation of the shock compression damping adjuster (51) can adjust the compression degree of the damping spring (53), the inner rotary disturbance isolator (43) is installed outside the rebound damping size adjuster (45), the fixing key (432) of the inner rotary disturbance isolator (43) is in key connection with the center column (41), so that the rotation between the rebound damping size adjuster (45) and the shock compression damping adjuster (51) will not interfere with each other, the damping valve slot key (542) on the outer rotary disturbance isolator (54) is in key connection with the outer rotary disturbance isolator limiting slot (424) of the damping valve (42), so that the rotation of the shock compression damping adjuster (51) and the preloading adjuster (65) will not interfere with each other, the shock absorbing spring (62) is located in the space between the piston (61) and the shock absorbing spring tray (632) of the shock absorbing spring base (63), the shock absorbing spring base positioning key (655) of the preloading adjuster (65) is in key connection with the shock absorbing base adjusting slot (633) on the shock absorbing spring base (63), the center column shock absorbing spring base threaded hole (631) is in threaded connection with the shock absorbing spring base positioning thread (413) on the center column (41), realizing the preloading adjustment of the shock absorbing spring (62), and further realizing the preloading adjustment of the shock absorber. The rebound damping size of the shock absorber depends on the flow hole area formed between the damping valve (42) and the center column (41), that is, the distance between the adjusting device limiting surface (416) on the center column (41) and the damping valve (42), and the shock compression damping depends on the distance between the damping valve (42) and the damping spring adjusting nut (52), which causes the adjustment of the shock compression damping to not affect the shock rebound damping, and the adjustment of the shock rebound damping to affect the shock compression damping, so that after the shock rebound damping is adjusted, the original setting value of the shock compression damping needs to be re-adjusted, or the shock compression damping is adjusted at the same time as the shock rebound damping is adjusted.

2. The shock absorber of claim 1 wherein: The main shell (11) comprises a fan-shaped partition column (114), the secondary shell (21) comprises a fan-shaped partition lug (213), the fan-shaped partition column (114) and the fan-shaped partition lug (213) combine to form six variable fan-shaped spaces that cannot pass through the damping medium, the maximum variable angle of the fan-shaped space is the maximum damping stroke angle of the shock absorber. The number of fan-shaped spaces can be increased or decreased, in addition to the six variable fan-shaped spaces divided by three, the fan-shaped partition column (114) of the main shell (11) and the fan-shaped partition lug (213) of the secondary shell (21) can form other numbers of variable fan-shaped spaces by more or less equal division, which should also be included in the protection scope. The main shell (11) comprises an outer through hole (112), an inner through hole (113), a piston cavity (115), a multi-prism hole (116), the multi-prism (411) of the center column (41) is installed in the multi-prism hole (116) to prevent the center column (21) from rotating, in order to better seal the effect, the contact surface should be coated with sealant or rubber gasket, the piston cavity (115) is used to install the rebound damping adjustment unit (4), the compression damping adjustment unit (5) and the preloading adjustment unit (6), the outer through hole (112) is a damping medium flow passage in space A, and the inner through hole (113) is a damping medium flow passage in space B.

3. The shock absorber of claim 1 wherein: The outer shell (2) comprises a secondary shell (21), a pressure storage piston limiting bolt (22), an outer through-hole flow limiting valve (23), and a pressure storage piston (24). The secondary shell (21) comprises an outer through-hole flow limiting valve groove (214), a pressure storage chamber (215), a pressure storage piston limiting bolt threaded hole (216), and a flow guide groove (217). The pressure storage chamber (215) stores a compressed gas or a compressed spring through the pressure storage piston (24), and the pressure storage piston (24) is fixed in the pressure storage chamber (215) through the outer thread of the pressure storage piston limiting bolt (22) with a small hole in the middle and the pressure storage piston limiting bolt threaded hole (216). When the shock absorber is filled with pressurized damping medium, the damping medium enters the pressure storage chamber (215) through the flow guide groove (217) and the small hole in the middle of the pressure storage piston limiting bolt (22), pushing the pressure storage piston (24) to compress the gas or spring stored inside. After the pressurized damping medium is added, the gas or spring stored by the pressure storage piston (24) can form a pressure in the shock absorber, and the damping medium in the pressure storage chamber (215) outside the pressure storage piston (24) can compensate for the leakage of the damping medium. The outer through-hole flow limiting valve (23) comprises a flow limiting valve body (231) and a spring sleeve (232). The spring sleeve (232) is an arc-shaped pipe, and the flow limiting valve body (231) has a hole for the movement of the spring sleeve (232). The spring stored between the two keeps the outer through-hole flow limiting valve (23) in an open state. Under the impact of excessive load, the outer shell (2) rotates towards the outer through-hole (112) on the main shell (11), causing the flow limiting valve body (231) to block part of the outer through-hole (112), thereby obtaining greater damping resistance and avoiding the shock absorber from touching the bottom. When the flow limiting valve body (231) completely blocks the outer through-hole (112), the small gap at the front end of the flow limiting valve body (231) still forms a small cross-section fluid passage, reducing the peak pressure in the shock absorber.

4. The shock absorber of claim 1 wherein: The front cover plate (12) comprises a bolt hole (121) and a one-way valve (122). The hole position on the bolt hole (121) is aligned with the hole position at the top end of the fan-shaped partition column (114) and is fixed with a bolt. The one-way valve (122) installed on the front cover plate (12) is used to inject pressurized damping medium into the shock absorber. The damping medium in the shock absorber cannot leak out through the one-way valve (122).

5. The shock absorber of claim 1 wherein: The center column (41) includes a polygon (411), a piston slide rail (412), a damping spring base positioning screw (413), a damping valve slide rail (414), a damping spring positioning screw (415), and an inner through hole (113). The inner through hole (113) on the center column (41) is completely identical in cross-sectional shape and size to the inner through hole (113) on the main shell (11). The two form a complete inner through hole by the polygon (411) on the center column (41) and the polygon hole (116) on the main shell (11). The piston slide rail (412) on the center column (41) and the inner wall of the piston cavity (115) on the main shell (11) constitute a hollow cylindrical space in which the piston (61) moves. The fluids inside space A and space B cannot flow through the contact surface between the piston (61) and the center column (41), the piston cavity (115). The damping spring base positioning screw (413) is threadedly connected with the center column damping spring base threaded hole (631), so as to realize the position adjustment of the damping spring base (63) relative to the center column (41). The damping valve slide rail (414) is slidably connected with the damping valve (42). The damping spring positioning screw (415) is threadedly connected with the damping spring adjusting nut (52), so as to realize the pre-load adjustment of the damping spring (53).

6. The shock absorber of claim 1 wherein: The damping valve (42) includes a center column limiting hole (421), a polygon bolt hole (422), a damping valve flow guide groove (423), and an outer rotary disturbance isolator limiting groove (424). The center column limiting hole (421) is slidably connected with the damping valve slide rail (414) on the center column (41). The polygon bolt hole (422) is slidably connected with the damping valve axial movable bolt (46). The damping valve flow guide groove (423) is used to ensure the minimum flow capacity of the damping valve (42) and avoid the failure of the shock absorber. The outer rotary disturbance isolator limiting groove (424) is keyed with the outer rotary disturbance isolator (54).

7. The shock absorber of claim 1 wherein: The rebound damping size adjuster (45) includes a polygon (451), a smooth cylinder (452), a limiting surface (453), and a damping valve axial movable bolt hole (454). The polygon (451) is used to prevent the rebound damping size adjuster (45) from rotating relative to the damping valve (42) and enable the damping valve (42) to move only in the axial direction. The smooth cylinder (452) is used to reduce the friction generated during rotation. The limiting surface (453) is used to directly abut against the limiting surface (416) of the adjusting device. The damping valve axial movable bolt hole (454) is used to mate with the threaded column (463) on the damping valve axial movable bolt (46). When the rebound damping size adjuster (45) is rotated, the threaded column (463) of the damping valve axial movable bolt (46) can be controlled to enter the damping valve axial movable bolt hole (454) to a certain depth, thereby controlling the position of the damping valve (42) relative to the center column (41).

8. The shock absorber of claim 1 wherein: The rebound damping size adjuster (45) comprises a polygon (451), a smooth cylinder (452), a limiting surface (453), and a damping valve axial movable bolt hole (454). The polygon (451) is used to rotate the rebound damping size adjuster (45) or connect parts for rotating the rebound damping size adjuster (45). The smooth cylinder (452) is used to extend the polygon (451) to the outside. The limiting surface (453) is used to be in sliding connection with the limiting surface (416) of the adjusting device. The damping valve axial movable bolt hole (454) is in threaded connection with the threaded column (463) on the damping valve axial movable bolt (46).

9. The shock absorber of claim 1 wherein: The damping compression damping adjuster (51) comprises a polygon (511), a smooth cylinder (512), a smooth cylinder hole (513), and a damping spring adjusting nut adjusting key (514). The polygon (511) is used to rotate the damping compression damping adjuster (51) or connect parts for rotating the damping compression damping adjuster (51). The smooth cylinder (512) is used to extend the polygon (511) to the outside. The smooth cylinder hole (513) is used to accommodate the smooth cylinder (452) of the rebound damping size adjuster (45). The damping spring adjusting nut adjusting key (514) is in key connection with the damping spring adjusting nut adjusting key slot (521) of the damping spring adjusting nut (52).

10. The shock absorber of claim 1 wherein: The pre-load adjusting unit (6) comprises a piston (61), a damping spring (62), a damping spring base (63), a sealing ring (64), a pre-load adjuster (65), the piston (61) is used to separate space A and space B, the damping spring (62) is used to provide support force for the shock absorber and realize the damping function, the damping spring base (63) is used to control the pre-load of the damping spring (62), the sealing ring (64) is used to form a seal between the pre-load adjusting unit (6) and the piston cavity (115) of the main shell (11), avoiding leakage of the damping medium, and the pre-load adjuster (65) is used to drive the damping spring base (63) to rotate. The damping spring base (63) comprises a center column damping spring base threaded hole (631), a damping spring tray (632), and a damping base adjusting clamping groove (633), the damping spring base threaded hole (631) is threadedly connected with the damping spring positioning thread (415), the damping spring tray (632) is attached to one end of the damping spring (62), and the damping base adjusting clamping groove (633) is key-connected with the damping spring base positioning key (655) on the embedded pre-load adjuster (65). The pre-load adjuster (65) comprises a multi-prism (651), a smooth cylinder (652), a damping compression damping adjuster smooth column hole (653), an inner sealing ring groove (654), and a damping spring base positioning key (655), the multi-prism (651) is used to rotate the pre-load adjuster (65) or install parts for rotating the pre-load adjuster (65), the smooth cylinder (652) is used to extend the multi-prism (651) to the outside, the damping compression damping adjuster smooth column hole (653) is used to accommodate the smooth cylinder hole (513) of the damping compression damping adjuster (51), and there is no contact between the two, the inner sealing ring groove (654) is used to install a sealing ring, preventing the damping medium from leaking from the gap between the pre-load adjuster (65) and the compression damping adjusting unit (5), and the damping spring base positioning key (655) is threadedly connected with the damping base adjusting clamping groove (633) of the spring base (63).

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