A liquid hydrogen hydrogenation station cold energy recycling system and method

Abstract

The application provides a liquid hydrogen hydrogenation station cold energy recycling system and method, which utilizes a low-temperature hydrogen buffer tank to collect flash gas of a low-temperature liquid hydrogen storage tank, and after heat exchange through a low-temperature hydrogen heat exchanger, the temperature of the low-temperature hydrogen is increased, the low-temperature hydrogen is compressed through a hydrogen compressor as a working medium of hydrogen compression, and the high-pressure hydrogen after compression is used for heat exchange with low-temperature hydrogen, so that the temperature of the high-pressure hydrogen is reduced, and the temperature of the high-pressure hydrogen is further reduced through heat exchange with low-temperature liquid hydrogen generated after compression of a low-temperature liquid hydrogen pump, so that the temperature of the high-pressure hydrogen reaches the filling requirement, so that the flash gas of the low-temperature liquid hydrogen storage tank is fully utilized, the cold energy of the low-temperature liquid hydrogen is recycled, and the energy loss in the hydrogenation station is reduced. The low-temperature liquid hydrogen pumped out by the low-temperature liquid hydrogen pump absorbs the heat of the high-pressure hydrogen, the temperature is increased, the additional energy required for the gasification of the low-temperature liquid hydrogen is reduced, and the energy consumption of the hydrogenation station is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of hydrogen energy refueling and relates to a system and method for recovering and utilizing the cold energy of a liquid hydrogen refueling station. Background Technology

[0002] With the global trend towards a cleaner and lower-carbon energy structure, the transportation sector, as a key area of ​​energy consumption and carbon emissions, is facing an increasingly urgent need for new clean energy sources. Hydrogen energy, with its high energy density per unit mass and zero-pollution characteristics (producing only water upon combustion), is widely considered an ideal energy carrier, showing broad application prospects in commercial vehicles and passenger cars within the transportation sector. To support the large-scale application of hydrogen energy in transportation, hydrogen refueling stations, as core infrastructure, have experienced rapid development in recent years. Based on different hydrogen storage methods, hydrogen refueling stations are mainly divided into two categories: liquid hydrogen refueling stations and high-pressure gaseous hydrogen refueling stations. Liquid hydrogen refueling stations have significant advantages over high-pressure gaseous hydrogen refueling stations in terms of storage and transportation efficiency, long-distance transportation economy, on-site energy efficiency, and hydrogen purity, making it one of the important directions for future hydrogen refueling station development. However, the preparation process of liquid hydrogen requires complex processes such as cryogenic cooling and compression, resulting in a much higher preparation difficulty and cost compared to high-pressure gaseous hydrogen. Meanwhile, the liquid hydrogen refueling process involves a complex heat transfer process, requires high hydrogen pressurization pressure, and various components in the system need to maintain stable performance at extremely low temperatures. These factors have made the research progress on liquid hydrogen refueling technology relatively slow.

[0003] In the actual operation of liquid hydrogen refueling stations, liquid hydrogen is usually stored in cryogenic insulated tanks at low pressure. However, the mainstream on-board hydrogen storage cylinder technology on the market is still mainly for storing high-pressure gaseous hydrogen. To meet the refueling needs of 35 MPa and 70 MPa on-board hydrogen storage cylinders on the market, it is necessary to convert the liquid hydrogen in the tanks into high-pressure hydrogen gas. Currently, liquid hydrogen refueling stations mainly achieve this conversion through two technical paths: one is the liquid hydrogen pump pressurization and vaporization mode, which first pressurizes the liquid hydrogen with a liquid hydrogen pump and then vaporizes the pressurized liquid hydrogen; the other is the liquid hydrogen low-pressure vaporization and compression mode, which first vaporizes the liquid hydrogen under low pressure and then compresses the gaseous hydrogen.

[0004] Currently, liquid hydrogen refueling stations suffer from various energy wastes and efficiency problems during operation. These issues not only increase the operating costs of the stations but also hinder the large-scale promotion of liquid hydrogen refueling technology. Firstly, in the process of high-pressure liquid hydrogen vaporization after pressurization by the liquid hydrogen pump, the industry mainstream currently uses ambient temperature vaporizers. This vaporization method results in the direct waste of a large amount of cold energy contained in the liquid hydrogen, which cannot be effectively recovered and utilized. Secondly, directly vaporizing liquid hydrogen from the storage tank into hydrogen requires additional heat to complete the vaporization process, while the cold energy contained in the cryogenic flash vapor of the liquid hydrogen is ignored and cannot be fully utilized, further exacerbating energy waste. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the problem of wasted liquid hydrogen and flash vapor cooling capacity in the existing technology, this invention provides a liquid hydrogen refueling station cooling capacity recovery and utilization system and method.

[0006] This invention is achieved through the following technical solution:

[0007] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a liquid hydrogen refueling station cold energy recovery and utilization system, comprising: a cryogenic liquid hydrogen storage tank, a cryogenic liquid hydrogen pump, a cryogenic hydrogen buffer tank, a cryogenic hydrogen heat exchanger, a hydrogen compressor, a gas-liquid hydrogen heat exchanger, and a vaporizer; the liquid hydrogen outlet of the cryogenic liquid hydrogen storage tank is connected to the liquid hydrogen inlet of the cryogenic liquid hydrogen pump, the liquid hydrogen outlet of the cryogenic liquid hydrogen pump is connected to the cold fluid inlet of the gas-liquid hydrogen heat exchanger, and the cold fluid outlet of the gas-liquid hydrogen heat exchanger is connected to the cold fluid inlet of the vaporizer; the flash vapor outlet of the cryogenic liquid hydrogen storage tank is connected to the hydrogen inlet of the cryogenic hydrogen buffer tank, the hydrogen outlet of the cryogenic hydrogen buffer tank is connected to the cold fluid inlet of the cryogenic hydrogen heat exchanger, the cold fluid outlet of the cryogenic hydrogen heat exchanger is connected to the inlet of the hydrogen compressor, the outlet of the hydrogen compressor is connected to the hot fluid inlet of the cryogenic hydrogen heat exchanger, and the hot fluid outlet of the cryogenic hydrogen heat exchanger is connected to the hot fluid inlet of the gas-liquid hydrogen heat exchanger.

[0008] Preferably, the liquid hydrogen refueling station cold energy recovery and utilization system further includes a liquid hydrogen gas-liquid separator, a cryogenic liquid hydrogen pump is connected to the inlet of the liquid hydrogen gas-liquid separator through a return gas pipeline, the liquid hydrogen outlet of the liquid hydrogen gas-liquid separator is connected to the inlet of the cryogenic liquid hydrogen storage tank, and the hydrogen outlet of the liquid hydrogen gas-liquid separator is connected to the hydrogen inlet of the cryogenic hydrogen buffer tank.

[0009] Preferably, the liquid hydrogen refueling station cold energy recovery and utilization system further includes a high-pressure hydrogen storage tank; the hot fluid outlet of the gas-liquid hydrogen heat exchanger is connected to the inlet of the high-pressure hydrogen storage tank.

[0010] Furthermore, the outlet of the high-pressure hydrogen storage tank is connected to a hydrogen dispenser.

[0011] Preferably, the liquid hydrogen refueling station cold energy recovery and utilization system further includes a high-pressure cryogenic hydrogen storage tank, and the cold fluid outlet of the vaporizer is connected to the high-pressure cryogenic hydrogen storage tank.

[0012] Furthermore, the outlet of the high-pressure cryogenic hydrogen storage tank is connected to a hydrogen dispenser.

[0013] Preferably, the vaporizer is an ambient temperature vaporizer.

[0014] Preferably, the cryogenic liquid hydrogen storage tank is a reciprocating cryogenic liquid hydrogen storage tank.

[0015] Secondly, the present invention provides a method for recovering and utilizing the cold energy of a liquid hydrogen refueling station, based on the aforementioned liquid hydrogen refueling station cold energy recovery and utilization system, comprising:

[0016] The flash vapor from the cryogenic liquid hydrogen storage tank enters the cryogenic hydrogen buffer tank. The hydrogen in the cryogenic hydrogen buffer tank is heated by heat exchange in the cryogenic hydrogen heat exchanger and then enters the hydrogen compressor as a working medium for compression. The compressed high-pressure hydrogen is used as a heat source to enter the cryogenic hydrogen heat exchanger for heat exchange. The high-pressure hydrogen after heat exchange is used as a heat source to enter the gas-liquid hydrogen heat exchanger.

[0017] The liquid hydrogen in the cryogenic liquid hydrogen storage tank is pressurized by a cryogenic liquid hydrogen pump and used as a cold source. It exchanges heat with high-pressure hydrogen through a gas-liquid hydrogen heat exchanger, and the liquid hydrogen after heat exchange enters the vaporizer for reheating and vaporization.

[0018] Preferably, the cryogenic liquid hydrogen pump discharges the gas-liquid hydrogen mixture carrying cryogenic gaseous hydrogen from the pump body through the return gas pipeline, and enters the liquid hydrogen gas-liquid separator. The liquid hydrogen separated by the liquid hydrogen gas-liquid separator is returned to the cryogenic liquid hydrogen storage tank, and the separated cryogenic hydrogen enters the cryogenic hydrogen buffer tank.

[0019] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0020] This invention utilizes a cryogenic hydrogen buffer tank to collect flash vapor from a cryogenic liquid hydrogen storage tank. After heat exchange in a cryogenic hydrogen heat exchanger, the heated cryogenic hydrogen is used as the working fluid for hydrogen compression in a hydrogen compressor. The compressed high-pressure hydrogen then exchanges heat with the cryogenic hydrogen, lowering its temperature. This high-pressure hydrogen is further exchanged with the cryogenic liquid hydrogen produced by the cryogenic liquid hydrogen pump, bringing the high-pressure hydrogen to the required temperature for refueling. This fully utilizes the flash vapor from the cryogenic liquid hydrogen storage tank while recovering and reusing the cold energy of the cryogenic liquid hydrogen, reducing energy loss at the hydrogen refueling station. The cryogenic liquid hydrogen pumped out absorbs heat from the high-pressure hydrogen, increasing its temperature and reducing the additional energy required for cryogenic liquid hydrogen vaporization, thus lowering the energy consumption of the hydrogen refueling station.

[0021] Furthermore, the present invention collects the gas-liquid hydrogen mixture containing cryogenic gaseous hydrogen discharged from the cryogenic liquid hydrogen pump through the return gas pipeline using a gas-liquid separator. The flash vapor obtained after gas-liquid separation is used to cool the high-pressure hydrogen gas that has been pressurized and heated by the hydrogen compressor, thereby recovering the cold energy of the cryogenic vapor discharged from the return gas pipeline and improving the efficiency of cold energy utilization. Attached Figure Description

[0022] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0023] Figure 1 This invention relates to a liquid hydrogen refueling station cold energy recovery and utilization system. Detailed Implementation

[0024] The following specific examples illustrate the implementation of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of the present invention from the content disclosed in this specification. The present invention can also be implemented or applied through other different specific embodiments, and various details in this specification can also be modified or changed based on different viewpoints and applications without departing from the spirit of the present invention.

[0025] It should be noted that the process equipment or apparatus not specifically mentioned in the following embodiments are all conventional equipment or apparatus in the art.

[0026] It should be noted that the terms "comprising" and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion. For example, a process, method, system, product, or apparatus that includes a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units explicitly listed, but may include other steps or units not explicitly listed or inherent to these processes, methods, products, or apparatuses. Furthermore, unless otherwise stated, the numbering of each method step is merely a convenient tool for identifying each method step, and not intended to limit the order of the method steps or define the scope of the invention. Changes or adjustments to their relative relationships, without substantially altering the technical content, should also be considered within the scope of the invention.

[0027] Furthermore, it should be noted that the terms "first," "second," etc., used in this invention are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such data can be interchanged where appropriate so that the embodiments of the invention described herein can be implemented in orders other than those illustrated or described herein. Moreover, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "installed," "connected," and "linked" should be interpreted broadly, for example, referring to a fixed connection or a detachable connection; a direct connection or an indirect connection via an intermediate medium; or a connection within two components.

[0028] like Figure 1As shown, the liquid hydrogen refueling station cold energy recovery and utilization system of the present invention includes: a cryogenic liquid hydrogen storage tank 1, a cryogenic liquid hydrogen pump 3, a cryogenic hydrogen buffer tank 4, a cryogenic hydrogen heat exchanger 5, a hydrogen compressor 6, a gas-liquid hydrogen heat exchanger 7, and a vaporizer 8; the liquid hydrogen outlet of the cryogenic liquid hydrogen storage tank 1 is connected to the liquid hydrogen inlet of the cryogenic liquid hydrogen pump 3, the liquid hydrogen outlet of the cryogenic liquid hydrogen pump 3 is connected to the cold fluid inlet of the gas-liquid hydrogen heat exchanger 7, and the cold fluid outlet of the gas-liquid hydrogen heat exchanger 7 is connected to the cold fluid inlet of the vaporizer 8; the flash vapor outlet of the cryogenic liquid hydrogen storage tank 1 is connected to the hydrogen inlet of the cryogenic hydrogen buffer tank 4, the hydrogen outlet of the cryogenic hydrogen buffer tank 4 is connected to the cold fluid inlet of the cryogenic hydrogen heat exchanger 5, the cold fluid outlet of the cryogenic hydrogen heat exchanger 5 is connected to the inlet of the hydrogen compressor 6, the outlet of the hydrogen compressor 6 is connected to the hot fluid inlet of the cryogenic hydrogen heat exchanger 5, and the hot fluid outlet of the cryogenic hydrogen heat exchanger 5 is connected to the hot fluid inlet of the gas-liquid hydrogen heat exchanger 7.

[0029] This invention utilizes a cryogenic hydrogen buffer tank 4 to collect flash vapor from a cryogenic liquid hydrogen storage tank 1. After heat exchange in a cryogenic hydrogen heat exchanger 5, the heated cryogenic hydrogen is used as the working fluid for hydrogen compression by a hydrogen compressor 6. The compressed high-pressure hydrogen then exchanges heat with the cryogenic hydrogen, lowering its temperature. This high-pressure hydrogen is further exchanged with the cryogenic liquid hydrogen produced by the cryogenic liquid hydrogen pump 3, bringing the high-pressure hydrogen to the required temperature for refueling. This fully utilizes the flash vapor from the cryogenic liquid hydrogen storage tank 1 while recovering the cold energy of the cryogenic liquid hydrogen, reducing energy loss at the hydrogen refueling station. The cryogenic liquid hydrogen from the cryogenic liquid hydrogen pump 3 absorbs heat from the high-pressure hydrogen, increasing its temperature and reducing the additional energy required for cryogenic liquid hydrogen vaporization, thus lowering the energy consumption of the hydrogen refueling station.

[0030] In some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the liquid hydrogen refueling station cold energy recovery and utilization system further includes a liquid hydrogen gas-liquid separator 2, a cryogenic liquid hydrogen pump 3 connected to the inlet of the liquid hydrogen gas-liquid separator 2 via a return gas pipeline 32, a liquid hydrogen outlet of the liquid hydrogen gas-liquid separator 2 connected to the inlet of the cryogenic liquid hydrogen storage tank 1, and a hydrogen outlet of the liquid hydrogen gas-liquid separator 2 connected to the hydrogen inlet of the cryogenic hydrogen buffer tank 4.

[0031] This invention utilizes the return gas pipeline in the structural design of the cryogenic liquid hydrogen pump 3 to collect the gas-liquid hydrogen mixture containing cryogenic gaseous hydrogen discharged by the cryogenic liquid hydrogen pump 3 through the gas-liquid separator 2. It makes full use of the cold energy of the cryogenic vapor discharged by the return gas pipeline of the cryogenic liquid hydrogen pump 3 to cool the high-pressure hydrogen gas that has been pressurized by the hydrogen compressor 6, so as to meet the temperature requirements of the high-pressure hydrogen storage tank and further improve the utilization rate of cryogenic liquid hydrogen flash vapor.

[0032] In some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the liquid hydrogen refueling station cold energy recovery and utilization system further includes a high-pressure hydrogen storage tank 9; the hot fluid outlet of the gas-liquid hydrogen heat exchanger 7 is connected to the inlet of the high-pressure hydrogen storage tank 9, and the outlet of the high-pressure hydrogen storage tank 9 is connected to a hydrogen dispenser.

[0033] In some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the liquid hydrogen refueling station cold energy recovery and utilization system further includes a high-pressure cryogenic hydrogen storage tank 10, the cold fluid outlet of the vaporizer 8 is connected to the high-pressure cryogenic hydrogen storage tank 10, and the outlet of the high-pressure cryogenic hydrogen storage tank 10 is connected to a hydrogen dispenser.

[0034] In some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the vaporizer 8 is an ambient temperature vaporizer, and the cryogenic liquid hydrogen storage tank 1 is a reciprocating cryogenic liquid hydrogen storage tank.

[0035] The method for recovering and utilizing the cold energy of a liquid hydrogen refueling station according to the present invention includes:

[0036] The flash vapor from the cryogenic liquid hydrogen storage tank 1 enters the cryogenic hydrogen buffer tank 4. The hydrogen in the cryogenic hydrogen buffer tank 4 is heated by heat exchange through the cryogenic hydrogen heat exchanger 5 and then enters the hydrogen compressor 6 as a working medium for compression. The compressed high-pressure hydrogen enters the cryogenic hydrogen heat exchanger 5 as a heat source for heat exchange, and the high-pressure hydrogen after heat exchange enters the gas-liquid hydrogen heat exchanger 7 as a heat source.

[0037] The liquid hydrogen in the cryogenic liquid hydrogen storage tank 1 is pressurized by the cryogenic liquid hydrogen pump 3 and used as a cold source. It exchanges heat with high-pressure hydrogen through the gas-liquid hydrogen heat exchanger 7, and the liquid hydrogen after heat exchange enters the vaporizer 8 for reheating and vaporization.

[0038] When the liquid hydrogen refueling station cold energy recovery and utilization system includes a liquid hydrogen gas-liquid separator 2, the cryogenic liquid hydrogen pump 3 discharges the gas-liquid hydrogen mixture carrying cryogenic gas hydrogen in the pump body through the return gas pipeline 32, and enters the liquid hydrogen gas-liquid separator 2. The liquid hydrogen separated by the liquid hydrogen gas-liquid separator 2 is returned to the cryogenic liquid hydrogen storage tank 1, and the separated cryogenic hydrogen enters the cryogenic hydrogen buffer tank 4.

[0039] Example

[0040] The liquid hydrogen refueling station cold energy recovery and utilization system described in this embodiment includes: a cryogenic liquid hydrogen storage tank 1, a liquid hydrogen gas-liquid separator 2, a cryogenic liquid hydrogen pump 3, a cryogenic hydrogen buffer tank 4, a cryogenic hydrogen heat exchanger 5, a hydrogen compressor 6, a gas-liquid hydrogen heat exchanger 7, and a vaporizer 8; the liquid hydrogen outlet of the cryogenic liquid hydrogen storage tank 1 is connected to the liquid hydrogen inlet of the cryogenic liquid hydrogen pump 3, the liquid hydrogen outlet of the cryogenic liquid hydrogen pump 3 is connected to the cold fluid inlet of the gas-liquid hydrogen heat exchanger 7, the cold fluid outlet of the gas-liquid hydrogen heat exchanger 7 is connected to the cold fluid inlet of the vaporizer 8, and the cold fluid outlet of the vaporizer 8 is connected to a high-pressure cryogenic hydrogen storage tank 10. The outlet is connected to a hydrogen dispenser; the flash vapor outlet of the cryogenic liquid hydrogen storage tank 1 is connected to the hydrogen inlet of the cryogenic hydrogen buffer tank 4, the hydrogen outlet of the cryogenic hydrogen buffer tank 4 is connected to the cold fluid inlet of the cryogenic hydrogen heat exchanger 5, the cold fluid outlet of the cryogenic hydrogen heat exchanger 5 is connected to the inlet of the hydrogen compressor 6, the outlet of the hydrogen compressor 6 is connected to the hot fluid inlet of the cryogenic hydrogen heat exchanger 5, the hot fluid outlet of the cryogenic hydrogen heat exchanger 5 is connected to the hot fluid inlet of the gas-liquid hydrogen heat exchanger 7, and the hot fluid outlet of the gas-liquid hydrogen heat exchanger 7 is connected to the inlet of the high-pressure hydrogen storage tank 9, the outlet of which is connected to a hydrogen dispenser. The cryogenic liquid hydrogen pump 3 is connected to the inlet of the liquid hydrogen gas-liquid separator 2 through the return gas pipeline 32, the liquid hydrogen outlet of the liquid hydrogen gas-liquid separator 2 is connected to the inlet of the cryogenic liquid hydrogen storage tank 1, and the hydrogen outlet of the liquid hydrogen gas-liquid separator 2 is connected to the hydrogen inlet of the cryogenic hydrogen buffer tank 4.

[0041] In this embodiment, the vaporizer 8 is an ambient temperature vaporizer, and the cryogenic liquid hydrogen storage tank 1 is a reciprocating cryogenic liquid hydrogen storage tank.

[0042] The method for recovering and utilizing the cold energy of a liquid hydrogen refueling station described in this embodiment includes:

[0043] (1) The cryogenic liquid hydrogen storage tank 1 serves as a liquid hydrogen source, supplying liquid hydrogen to the cryogenic liquid hydrogen pump 3 through the first liquid outlet pipe 12, and entering the cryogenic liquid hydrogen pump 3 through the first liquid inlet pipe 31.

[0044] (2) The cryogenic liquid hydrogen pump 3 discharges the gas-liquid hydrogen mixture carrying cryogenic gas hydrogen in the pump body through the return gas pipeline 32, and enters the liquid hydrogen gas-liquid separator 2 through the second liquid inlet pipeline 21. The separated liquid hydrogen is returned to the cryogenic liquid hydrogen storage tank 1 through the second liquid outlet pipeline 22, and the separated cryogenic hydrogen is discharged through the first gas outlet pipeline 23.

[0045] (3) The flash vapor in the cryogenic liquid hydrogen storage tank 1 is discharged into cryogenic hydrogen through the second outlet pipe 11, and the cryogenic hydrogen discharged through the first outlet pipe 23 is merged into the cryogenic hydrogen buffer tank 4 through the inlet pipe 41.

[0046] (4) The low-temperature hydrogen buffer tank 4 provides low-temperature hydrogen as a gaseous hydrogen source. The hydrogen temperature rises through the low-temperature hydrogen heat exchanger 5 and enters the hydrogen compressor 6 as a gaseous hydrogen working medium. The high-temperature hydrogen after compression enters the low-temperature hydrogen heat exchanger 5 as a heat source for heat exchange. After heat exchange, the high-pressure hydrogen is discharged through the first pipeline 54.

[0047] (5) The cryogenic liquid hydrogen pump 3 discharges cryogenic high-pressure liquid hydrogen through the second pipeline 33 as a cold source. It exchanges heat fully with high-pressure hydrogen through the gas-liquid hydrogen heat exchanger 7. After being discharged, it enters the vaporizer 8 through the third pipeline 81 to reheat and fully vaporize, ensuring that the temperature requirements of the high-pressure cryogenic hydrogen storage tank 10 are met. It then enters the high-pressure cryogenic hydrogen storage cylinder 10 through the fourth pipeline 82 for storage.

[0048] (6) The high-pressure hydrogen gas discharged through the first pipeline 54 serves as a heat source and exchanges heat fully with the low-temperature liquid hydrogen through the gas-liquid hydrogen heat exchanger 7. It then enters the high-pressure hydrogen storage tank 9 through the fifth pipeline 91 for storage.

[0049] (7) High-pressure hydrogen storage tank 9 and high-pressure low-temperature hydrogen storage tank 10 store the high-pressure hydrogen required by the hydrogen refueling station to realize the subsequent hydrogen fuel cell vehicle refueling process.

[0050] In this embodiment, the gas-liquid hydrogen mixture carrying cryogenic liquid hydrogen is collected by the gas-liquid separator 2 through the return gas pipeline of the cryogenic liquid hydrogen pump 3. This collected cryogenic liquid hydrogen flash vapor fully utilizes its cooling capacity to cool the high-pressure hydrogen gas that has been pressurized by the hydrogen compressor 6, thus meeting the temperature requirements of the high-pressure hydrogen storage tank and avoiding waste of cooling capacity, thereby reducing additional cooling energy consumption at the hydrogen refueling station. Simultaneously, the heated cryogenic flash vapor serves as the working fluid in the hydrogen compression process of the hydrogen compressor 6, improving the utilization rate of the returned cryogenic hydrogen gas and reducing energy loss at the hydrogen refueling station. The gas-liquid hydrogen heat exchanger 7 exchanges heat between the high-pressure hydrogen gas, which has been preliminarily cooled by the cryogenic heat exchanger 5, and the cryogenic liquid hydrogen generated after compression by the cryogenic liquid hydrogen pump, achieving cascaded utilization of cooling capacity and reducing the additional heat required for cryogenic liquid hydrogen vaporization, thereby lowering the energy consumption of the hydrogen refueling station. In summary, this invention couples the heat exchange requirements of liquid hydrogen after pressurization (requiring heat absorption for vaporization) and gaseous hydrogen after pressurization (requiring cooling) to achieve heat exchange, thereby realizing the cascade utilization of cooling capacity and reducing the additional energy loss in hydrogen refueling stations.

[0051] The above content is only for illustrating the technical concept of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention. Any modifications made to the technical solution based on the technical concept proposed in this invention shall fall within the scope of protection of the claims of this invention.

Claims

1. A liquid hydrogen refueling station cold energy recovery and utilization system, characterized in that, include: The cryogenic liquid hydrogen storage tank (1), cryogenic liquid hydrogen pump (3), cryogenic hydrogen buffer tank (4), cryogenic hydrogen heat exchanger (5), hydrogen compressor (6), gas-liquid hydrogen heat exchanger (7), vaporizer (8), liquid hydrogen gas-liquid separator (2), and high-pressure hydrogen storage tank (9); the liquid hydrogen outlet of the cryogenic liquid hydrogen storage tank (1) is connected to the liquid hydrogen inlet of the cryogenic liquid hydrogen pump (3), the liquid hydrogen outlet of the cryogenic liquid hydrogen pump (3) is connected to the cold fluid inlet of the gas-liquid hydrogen heat exchanger (7), and the cold fluid outlet of the gas-liquid hydrogen heat exchanger (7) is connected to the cold fluid outlet of the vaporizer (8). Fluid inlet connection; the flash outlet of the cryogenic liquid hydrogen storage tank (1) is connected to the hydrogen inlet of the cryogenic hydrogen buffer tank (4), the hydrogen outlet of the cryogenic hydrogen buffer tank (4) is connected to the cold fluid inlet of the cryogenic hydrogen heat exchanger (5), the cold fluid outlet of the cryogenic hydrogen heat exchanger (5) is connected to the inlet of the hydrogen compressor (6), the outlet of the hydrogen compressor (6) is connected to the hot fluid inlet of the cryogenic hydrogen heat exchanger (5), and the hot fluid outlet of the cryogenic hydrogen heat exchanger (5) is connected to the hot fluid inlet of the gas-liquid hydrogen heat exchanger (7); The cryogenic liquid hydrogen pump (3) is connected to the inlet of the liquid hydrogen gas-liquid separator (2) through the return gas pipeline (32), the liquid hydrogen outlet of the liquid hydrogen gas-liquid separator (2) is connected to the inlet of the cryogenic liquid hydrogen storage tank (1), and the hydrogen outlet of the liquid hydrogen gas-liquid separator (2) is connected to the hydrogen inlet of the cryogenic hydrogen buffer tank (4). The hot fluid outlet of the gas-liquid hydrogen heat exchanger (7) is connected to the inlet of the high-pressure hydrogen storage tank (9); the outlet of the high-pressure hydrogen storage tank (9) is connected to a hydrogen dispenser.

2. The liquid hydrogen refueling station cold energy recovery and utilization system according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a high-pressure cryogenic hydrogen storage tank (10), and the cold fluid outlet of the vaporizer (8) is connected to the high-pressure cryogenic hydrogen storage tank (10).

3. The liquid hydrogen refueling station cold energy recovery and utilization system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The outlet of the high-pressure cryogenic hydrogen storage tank (10) is connected to a hydrogen dispenser.

4. The liquid hydrogen refueling station cold energy recovery and utilization system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The vaporizer (8) is an ambient temperature vaporizer.

5. The liquid hydrogen refueling station cold energy recovery and utilization system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cryogenic liquid hydrogen storage tank (1) is a reciprocating cryogenic liquid hydrogen storage tank.

6. A method for recovering and utilizing the cold energy of a liquid hydrogen refueling station, characterized in that, The liquid hydrogen refueling station cold energy recovery and utilization system according to any one of claims 1 to 5 includes: The flash vapor from the cryogenic liquid hydrogen storage tank (1) enters the cryogenic hydrogen buffer tank (4). The hydrogen in the cryogenic hydrogen buffer tank (4) is heated by heat exchange in the cryogenic hydrogen heat exchanger (5) and then enters the hydrogen compressor (6) as a working medium for compression. The compressed high-pressure hydrogen enters the cryogenic hydrogen heat exchanger (5) as a heat source for heat exchange, and the high-pressure hydrogen enters the gas-liquid hydrogen heat exchanger (7) as a heat source. The liquid hydrogen in the cryogenic liquid hydrogen storage tank (1) is pressurized by the cryogenic liquid hydrogen pump (3) and used as a cold source. It exchanges heat with high-pressure hydrogen through the gas-liquid hydrogen heat exchanger (7). The liquid hydrogen after heat exchange enters the vaporizer (8) for reheating and vaporization. The cryogenic liquid hydrogen pump (3) discharges the gas-liquid hydrogen mixture containing cryogenic gas hydrogen in the pump body through the return gas pipeline (32) and enters the liquid hydrogen gas-liquid separator (2). The liquid hydrogen separated by the liquid hydrogen gas-liquid separator (2) is returned to the cryogenic liquid hydrogen storage tank (1), and the separated cryogenic hydrogen enters the cryogenic hydrogen buffer tank (4).

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