A lightning protection device and a lightning current monitoring method and system

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of lightning arrester performance monitoring technology, specifically to a lightning protection device and a lightning current monitoring method and system. The invention first acquires historical data of the lightning arrester; then, based on the changes in field strength at adjacent times within a preset historical neighborhood at each time moment, combined with the minimum points of adjacent field strength and the distribution of field strength, it acquires the degree of lightning occurrence at each time moment; further, at each lightning strike moment with current, it acquires the center coefficient of each lightning arrester based on the distance between the lightning arresters and the difference in the degree of lightning occurrence; further, it acquires the lightning arrester under-excitation index based on the difference in center coefficient and current between each comparative lightning arrester and other lightning arresters; finally, based on all the lightning arrester under-excitation indices for each lightning arrester, combined with the distance between the lightning arrester with the maximum center coefficient at the corresponding lightning strike moment and the central lightning arrester, it acquires the lightning arrester inefficiency index, providing an objective quantitative evaluation of the long-term lightning arrester effect.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of lightning arrester performance monitoring technology, specifically to a lightning protection device and a lightning current monitoring method and system. Background Technology

[0002] A surge arrester is a new type of active lightning protection device that primarily protects equipment and facilities from lightning by regulating the electric field distribution, guiding lightning paths, or rapidly releasing induced energy. Continuous monitoring of the surge arrester's lightning current characteristics provides a basis for optimizing equipment performance and ensures the surge arrester's long-term stable function of guiding and dissipating lightning energy.

[0003] In existing technologies, lightning current monitoring technology for lightning arresters mostly focuses on the current amplitude, waveform and frequency after a lightning strike. It cannot combine the changes in electric field intensity before the lightning strike to conduct a full-process analysis, lacks a quantitative assessment of its lightning attraction effect, and makes it difficult to accurately judge the lightning arresting effect of the lightning arrester. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the technical problem that existing analyses of lightning arresters are one-sided and lack quantitative evaluation, thus affecting the judgment of their lightning arresting effectiveness, the present invention aims to provide a lightning protection device and a lightning current monitoring method and system. The specific technical solution adopted is as follows:

[0005] A method for monitoring lightning current in a lightning protection device, the method comprising:

[0006] Acquire historical data on the location, current, and field strength of the surge arrester;

[0007] Based on the changes in field strength in adjacent time periods within a preset historical neighborhood at each time period, and combined with the distribution of field strength, the lightning pre-field strength at each time period is obtained; based on the difference between the lightning pre-field strength at each time period and the minimum point of adjacent field strength, and combined with the field strength, the lightning occurrence degree at each time period is obtained.

[0008] At each lightning strike moment where current exists, the center coefficient of each lightning arrester is obtained based on the distance between the lightning arresters and the difference in the degree of lightning occurrence; the lightning arresters are marked based on the current and the center lightning arresters and the comparison lightning arresters are divided; the lightning arresting low index is obtained based on the difference in the center coefficient of each comparison lightning arrester and the difference in current with other lightning arresters.

[0009] Based on all the low lightning expulsion indices of each lightning expulsion device used as a comparison lightning expulsion device, and combined with the distance between the lightning expulsion device with the maximum center coefficient at the corresponding lightning strike time and the center lightning expulsion device, the lightning expulsion inefficiency index is obtained.

[0010] Furthermore, the method for obtaining the lightning front field strength includes:

[0011] Select any time as the target time. Within the preset historical neighborhood of the target time, based on the increase in field strength of each neighborhood time compared to the previous adjacent time, and combined with the minimum field strength between each neighborhood time and the target time, obtain the degree of formation end of each neighborhood time.

[0012] The field strength at each of the neighboring times is weighted and fused based on the degree of formation end to obtain the lightning front field strength at the target time.

[0013] Furthermore, the method for obtaining the degree of lightning occurrence includes:

[0014] The lightning occurrence degree at each moment is obtained by combining the difference between the lightning field strength at each moment and the next adjacent minimum field strength in the time domain, and the field strength at each moment.

[0015] Furthermore, the method for obtaining the central coefficient includes:

[0016] Select each lightning strike time as the target lightning strike time, and select each lightning arrester as the target lightning arrester at the target lightning strike time. Based on the time domain distribution of the adjacent maximum field strength points of all lightning arresters before the target lightning strike time, obtain the time preceding the target lightning strike time.

[0017] Based on the degree to which the target lightning arrester is larger than other lightning arresters at the preceding moment, and combined with the distance between the target lightning arrester and other lightning arresters, the center coefficient of the target lightning arrester at the moment of the target lightning strike is obtained.

[0018] Furthermore, the method for obtaining the preceding time step includes:

[0019] The average time of the adjacent maximum field strength points of all lightning arresters before the time of the target lightning strike is taken as the time preceding the time of the target lightning strike.

[0020] Furthermore, the method for obtaining the low lightning dispersal index includes:

[0021] At any given moment of lightning strike, the comparison lightning expellers are selected one by one as the lightning expellers to be analyzed. Other lightning expellers with a central coefficient smaller than that of the lightning expellers to be analyzed are selected as comparison lightning expellers. Based on the degree of deviation of the central coefficient of the lightning expellers to be analyzed relative to each of the comparison lightning expellers, and in combination with the degree of deviation of the current, the lightning expulsion low index of the lightning expellers to be analyzed at the corresponding moment of lightning strike is obtained.

[0022] Furthermore, the method for obtaining the mine-clearing inefficiency index includes:

[0023] For any of the lightning arresters, at each corresponding lightning strike time, the normalized value of the distance between the lightning arrester with the largest center coefficient and the center lightning arrester is used as the low confidence level.

[0024] The low confidence level at each lightning strike moment is used to fuse the low lightning expulsion index to obtain the lightning expulsion inefficiency index corresponding to the lightning expulsion device.

[0025] Furthermore, the method for classifying the center surge arrester and the comparison surge arrester based on the current-marked response surge arrester includes:

[0026] A surge arrester that has a current at the moment of a lightning strike is marked as a responsive surge arrester;

[0027] The surge arrester with the largest current value at the same lightning strike time is designated as the center surge arrester, and the other surge arresters are designated as comparison surge arresters.

[0028] The present invention also proposes a lightning current monitoring system for lightning protection devices, the system comprising:

[0029] Data acquisition module: Acquires historical data on the location, current, and field strength of the surge arrester;

[0030] First analysis module: Based on the changes in field strength at adjacent times within a preset historical neighborhood at each time, and combined with the distribution of the field strength, obtain the lightning pre-field strength at each time; Based on the difference between the lightning pre-field strength at each time and the minimum point of the adjacent field strength, and combined with the field strength, obtain the lightning occurrence degree at each time.

[0031] The second analysis module: at each lightning strike moment with current present, the center coefficient of each lightning arrester is obtained based on the distance between the lightning arresters and the difference in the degree of lightning occurrence; the lightning arresters are marked based on the current and the lightning arresters are divided into center lightning arresters and comparison lightning arresters; the lightning arresting low index is obtained based on the difference in the center coefficient of each comparison lightning arrester and the difference in current with other lightning arresters.

[0032] Performance Analysis Module: Based on all the low lightning expulsion indices of each lightning expulsion device used as a comparison lightning expulsion device, and combined with the distance between the lightning expulsion device with the maximum center coefficient at the corresponding lightning strike time and the center lightning expulsion device, the lightning expulsion inefficiency index is obtained.

[0033] The present invention also proposes a lightning protection device, the device comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor executes the computer program to implement the steps of any one of the lightning current monitoring methods of the lightning protection device.

[0034] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0035] This invention first acquires historical data of the lightning arrester to provide a data foundation; then, it acquires the lightning pre-field strength at each moment, characterizing the electric field strength reached at the end of the electrostatic accumulation stage before lightning formation, providing a basis for subsequently acquiring the lightning occurrence degree; further, based on the difference between the lightning pre-field strength at each moment and the minimum value of the adjacent field strength, combined with the field strength, it acquires the lightning occurrence degree at each moment, characterizing the reliability of the lightning strike; and further, at each lightning strike moment with current, based on the distance between the lightning arresters and the difference in the lightning occurrence degree, it acquires the center coefficient of each lightning arrester, characterizing the lightning arrester's position within the reasonable range. This study explores the probability of lightning strike centers, providing a basis for subsequent analysis of lightning arrester performance deviations and assessing the degree of lightning arrester inefficiency. Furthermore, based on the differences in center coefficients and currents between each comparative lightning arrester and other arresters, a lightning arrester underperformance index is obtained to quantitatively characterize the degree of inadequacy of the arrester relative to its theoretical carrying capacity during actual lightning strikes. Finally, to avoid interference from random factors in a single lightning strike, the overall performance trend of the arresters is extracted based on all lightning arrester underperformance indices for each arrester, combined with the distance between the arrester with the maximum center coefficient at the time of the lightning strike and the central arrester, thus obtaining a lightning arrester inefficiency index. This scheme constructs the lightning occurrence degree using historical field strength, current, and location data, calculates the center coefficient based on spatiotemporal distribution, and then compares the differences between theoretical and actual currents to obtain the lightning arrester underperformance index, which is then integrated with confidence levels to generate a lightning arrester inefficiency index. This solves the problem of unstable evaluation caused by the randomness of lightning strikes, achieving an objective and quantitative assessment of the long-term lightning arrester performance. Attached Figure Description

[0036] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions and advantages in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0037] Figure 1 A flowchart illustrating a lightning current monitoring method for a lightning protection device provided in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 2 A flowchart illustrating a method for obtaining centrality coefficients according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 3 This is a system block diagram of a lightning current monitoring system provided in one embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0040] To further illustrate the technical means and effects adopted by the present invention to achieve its intended purpose, the following, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments, details the specific implementation, structure, features, and effects of a lightning protection device and lightning current monitoring method and system proposed according to the present invention. In the following description, different "one embodiment" or "another embodiment" do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment. Furthermore, specific features, structures, or characteristics in one or more embodiments can be combined in any suitable form.

[0041] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains.

[0042] The following description, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, details the specific scheme of a lightning protection device, lightning current monitoring method, and system provided by the present invention.

[0043] Please see Figure 1 The diagram illustrates a flowchart of a lightning current monitoring method for a lightning protection device according to an embodiment of the present invention, specifically including:

[0044] Step S1: Obtain historical data on the location, current, and field strength of the surge arrester.

[0045] In one embodiment of the present invention, the lightning protection device includes multiple lightning arresters. The number and installation position are set by the implementer according to the actual performance requirements of the lightning arresters, and are not limited here. Historical data of lightning current (hereinafter referred to as current) and electric field strength (hereinafter referred to as field strength) are acquired, and the data acquisition frequency is 1MHz.

[0046] It should be noted that, in order to reduce data storage and computing resources, the moment when current exists is taken as the moment of lightning strike. Data can be limited to a certain time range before and after the moment of lightning strike, such as 5 minutes before and 2 minutes after the moment of lightning strike. Implementers can adjust the time range of data recording and the collection frequency themselves.

[0047] Step S2: Based on the changes in field strength of adjacent times within the preset historical neighborhood at each time, and combined with the distribution of field strength, obtain the lightning pre-field strength at each time; based on the difference between the lightning pre-field strength at each time and the minimum value of adjacent field strength, and combined with the field strength, obtain the lightning occurrence degree at each time.

[0048] A lightning arrester utilizes its own structure and grounding system to release an upward leader into the air at the critical moment before a natural lightning strike, during the electrostatic accumulation stage when the electric field between the thunderstorm cloud and the ground gradually intensifies. This is achieved through the tip electric field enhancement effect, thereby changing the local electric field distribution and causing the lightning channel to preferentially converge towards the lightning arrester and be safely discharged to the ground through its grounding system.

[0049] Before lightning forms, the intensity of the atmospheric electric field gradually increases as thunderclouds approach. Before a lightning strike, the electric field intensity rises rapidly. At the moment of the lightning strike, the charges in the atmosphere are rapidly released and redistributed, and the electric field intensity drops sharply. Therefore, the extent of the lightning strike can be judged based on this.

[0050] Before lightning forms, the atmospheric electric field strength gradually increases as thunderclouds approach, reaching a high level. Therefore, based on the changes in field strength in adjacent moments within a preset historical neighborhood at each moment, combined with the distribution of field strength, the pre-lightning field strength at each moment is obtained. This characterizes the electric field strength reached at the end of the electrostatic accumulation stage before lightning formation, providing a basis for subsequently obtaining the degree of lightning occurrence.

[0051] Preferably, in one embodiment of the present invention, any time is selected as the target time, and each time is analyzed one by one. Considering that the greater the increase in field strength of each neighboring time compared to the previous adjacent time, it indicates that it is closer to the end of the electrostatic accumulation stage; and since the electric field strength will be particularly low after a lightning strike, in order to distinguish this lightning strike from previous lightning strikes and ensure that the time of the preset historical neighboring time of the target time is the end of the electrostatic accumulation stage of this lightning strike, it is also necessary to combine the minimum field strength between each neighboring time and the target time.

[0052] Based on this, within the preset historical neighborhood of the target time, the degree of formation end of each neighborhood time is obtained by combining the increase of field strength of each neighborhood time compared to the previous adjacent time with the minimum field strength between each neighborhood time and the target time.

[0053] As an example, the preset time length of the historical neighborhood is 50ms. The difference between the field strength of each neighborhood time and the previous adjacent time is used as the independent variable. The ReLU function (linear rectified function) is then used for mapping, and the mapping result is used as the degree of increase of the field strength of each neighborhood time.

[0054] The product of the minimum field strength between each neighboring time and the target time and the increase in the field strength at each neighboring time is taken as the degree of formation at each neighboring time.

[0055] The ReLU function is ReLU(x) = max(0,x), where x is the independent variable. When the field strength in the neighborhood increases compared to the previous time, the output is the absolute increase. The larger the increase, the greater the degree of increase. At the same time, the larger the minimum field strength between the neighborhood time and the target time, the more it indicates that it is in the electrostatic accumulation stage of the same lightning strike, and the higher the degree of formation at the end. The degree of increase represents the change in field strength between adjacent time moments, and the minimum field strength between the neighborhood time and the target time reflects the distribution of field strength between the two time moments.

[0056] A high level of electric field strength is a basic prerequisite for lightning strikes. Therefore, the higher the field strength of the neighboring time and the higher the degree of formation end, the more the target time is in the final stage before lightning strikes, and the higher the field strength and the greater the field strength before lightning strikes. Therefore, the field strength of each neighboring time is weighted and fused based on the degree of formation end to obtain the field strength before lightning strikes at the target time.

[0057] As an example, the formation end degree of all neighboring times in the preset historical neighborhood of the target time is normalized using the softmax function. The sum of the products of the normalized formation end degree of all neighboring times and the field strength is used as the lightning field strength before the target time.

[0058] Before lightning forms, the electric field strength gradually increases during the static accumulation stage. A stable high electric field exists between the bottom of the thundercloud and the ground. When the discharge occurs, the positive and negative charges are rapidly neutralized, and the electric field strength changes drastically. Therefore, if a lightning strike occurs at a certain moment, there will be a large difference between the lightning field strength at that moment and the minimum value of the adjacent field strength. So, based on the difference between the lightning field strength at each moment and the minimum value of the adjacent field strength, combined with the field strength, the degree of lightning occurrence at each moment can be obtained, which characterizes the credibility of the lightning strike.

[0059] Preferably, in one embodiment of the present invention, when a discharge occurs, the positive and negative charges are rapidly neutralized, and the local electric field strength of the atmosphere drops to 0 almost instantaneously, or even reverses. Therefore, the greater the difference between the electric field strength before lightning at each moment and the next adjacent minimum point of electric field strength in the time domain, the greater the decrease in electric field strength. At the same time, the greater the electric field strength, the more consistent it is with the high electric field characteristics before a lightning strike. Therefore, by combining the difference between the electric field strength before lightning at each moment and the next adjacent minimum point of electric field strength in the time domain, and the electric field strength at each moment, the degree of lightning occurrence at each moment can be obtained.

[0060] As an example, the difference between the lightning field strength at the target time and the next adjacent minimum field strength point in the time domain is subtracted from the lightning field strength at the target time. After linear normalization in the corresponding data dimension, the product of the normalization result and the field strength at the target time is taken as the lightning occurrence degree at the target time.

[0061] The difference between the lightning field strength at the target time and the adjacent minimum field strength is represented by the normalized result of the difference between the lightning field strength at the target time and the next adjacent minimum field strength in the time domain.

[0062] It should be noted that since the current and field strength of different surge arresters are different, the lightning occurrence degree and the lightning occurrence degree are characteristic values ​​of a surge arrester at a certain moment. The method of obtaining the lightning field strength and lightning occurrence degree of each surge arrester at each moment is the same. Only one example is described here and will not be repeated. At the same time, it is not necessary to calculate the lightning field strength and lightning occurrence degree at every moment. Only the characteristics of some required moments need to be calculated to save computing resources. The required moments will be explained later.

[0063] It should be noted that the data to be normalized can be calculated by extracting a certain proportion of historical data from all surge arresters and recording the data at the required time to form the normalized data dimension. For example, 1% of the historical data can be uniformly extracted, and the difference between the lightning field strength at the time to which these data belong and the next adjacent minimum field strength point in the time domain, as well as the difference corresponding to the required time, can be obtained to obtain the data dimension corresponding to the difference to be normalized. The normalization methods used in the embodiments of the present invention can all adopt this method, which are technical means well known to those skilled in the art and will not be elaborated here.

[0064] Step S3: At each lightning strike moment with current, obtain the center coefficient of each lightning arrester based on the difference in distance between the lightning arresters and the degree of lightning occurrence; mark the response lightning arresters based on current and classify them into center lightning arresters and comparison lightning arresters; obtain the lightning arresting under-excitation index based on the difference in center coefficient and current between each comparison lightning arrester and other lightning arresters.

[0065] The degree of lightning occurrence is used to determine the conditions under which a lightning strike occurs. However, when judging the lightning-driving effect of a lightning arrester, it is also necessary to evaluate the actual performance of the lightning arrester based on the actual lightning current data monitored. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the correspondence between the lightning current and the degree of lightning occurrence during each lightning strike.

[0066] If there is current in (one or more) surge arresters at any given moment, then that moment is recorded as the moment of lightning strike.

[0067] Lightning strikes tend to occur preferentially at the center of the lightning intensity concentration because the lightning intensity reflects the accumulation of local electric field strength and its critical characteristics before lightning formation. When the lightning intensity detected by multiple lightning arresters forms a concentrated peak in spatial distribution, it means that the electric field environment in that area is most conducive to triggering the development of a leader. It is also the location where the potential difference between the thundercloud and the ground is most likely to exceed the air breakdown threshold. The lightning channel is more likely to be established preferentially at the center of the lightning intensity concentration and form the main discharge.

[0068] Therefore, at each lightning strike moment with current present, based on the distance between lightning arresters and the difference in the degree of lightning occurrence, the spatial distribution characteristics of the degree of lightning occurrence are analyzed, the center coefficient of each lightning arrester is obtained, and the probability of the lightning arrester being located at the theoretical lightning occurrence center is characterized. This provides a basis for subsequent analysis of the lightning arrester's lightning arrest effect deviation and assessment of the degree of lightning arrest inefficiency.

[0069] Preferably, in one embodiment of the present invention, please refer to Figure 2 The flowchart illustrates a method for obtaining the centrality coefficient according to an embodiment of the present invention, specifically including:

[0070] Step S301: Select each lightning strike time as the target lightning strike time. Under the target lightning strike time, select each lightning arrester as the target lightning arrester. Based on the time domain distribution of the adjacent field strength maxima points of all lightning arresters before the target lightning strike time, obtain the time preceding the target lightning strike time.

[0071] Considering that lightning strikes can last for a certain period of time, the response of the lightning arrester to the lightning strike and the distribution of the lightning strike may change. Therefore, each moment when there is lightning current is analyzed. Thus, each lightning strike moment is selected as the target lightning strike moment, and each lightning arrester is selected as the target lightning arrester under the target lightning strike moment.

[0072] Considering that the adjacent maximum electric field strength points of the surge arrester before the target lightning strike time reflect the peak time point of the electric field strength accumulation of the surge arrester before the triggering of this lightning strike, and the temporal distribution of these maximum points reflects the overall situation of the electric field strength accumulation of all surge arresters before this lightning strike, the time before the target lightning strike time can be obtained in this way.

[0073] As an example, the average time of the adjacent maximum field strength points of all lightning arresters before the target lightning strike time is taken as the time preceding the target lightning strike time.

[0074] When calculating the mean time, one can take a certain time as the starting time, obtain the index of each time, and then average the indexes to obtain the mean time corresponding to the index average.

[0075] As another example, the weighted sum of the mean, median, and mode of the times of the adjacent maximum field strength points before the target lightning strike time for all lightning arresters is taken as the time preceding the target lightning strike time. The weights are 0.6, 0.2, and 0.2, respectively.

[0076] The preceding time here corresponds to the required time in step S2, which requires obtaining the lightning occurrence level of all lightning arresters at the preceding time of all lightning strikes.

[0077] Step S302: Based on the degree of lightning occurrence of the target lightning arrester relative to other lightning arresters at the preceding moment, and combined with the distance between the target lightning arrester and other lightning arresters, obtain the center coefficient of the target lightning arrester at the moment of the target lightning strike.

[0078] Considering that the intensity of lightning strikes at the moment of impact is spatially concentrated at the target lightning arrester, the intensity of lightning strikes at the target lightning arrester is greater than that at other nearby lightning arresters. Therefore, the degree of skewness of the intensity of lightning strikes is analyzed based on the distance between the target lightning arrester and other lightning arresters, so as to obtain the center coefficient of the target lightning arrester at the moment of the target lightning strike.

[0079] As an example, the formula for calculating the central coefficient includes:

[0080] ;

[0081] in, represents the center coefficient of the c-th target lightning arrester at the moment of the target lightning strike; K represents the total number of other lightning arresters besides the target lightning arrester; d represents the serial number of the other lightning arresters besides the target lightning arrester. Represents the ReLU function; This indicates the degree of lightning occurrence at the c-th target lightning arrester at the preceding moment; This indicates the degree of lightning occurrence at the preceding moment for the d-th other lightning arrester; This represents the spatial distance between the c-th target mine detonator and the d-th other mine detonators; Indicates taking the absolute value; This represents an exponential function with the natural constant e as the base, and x as the independent variable.

[0082] In the formula for calculating the centrality coefficient, the spatial distance between lightning arresters can be obtained by establishing a spatial coordinate system and using the Euclidean distance between the centroids of the arresters. The smaller the spatial distance, the more pronounced the concentration of lightning occurrences in space. Therefore, the spatial distance is calculated using... The negative correlation mapping of the function assigns greater weight to the closer mine-driving devices to the target mine-driving device. When the lightning occurrence degree of the target mine-driving device at the previous moment is larger than that of the neighboring mine-driving devices, the output results of the ReLU function and the absolute value function are consistent. The closer the central coefficient is to 1, the larger the central coefficient is. By using the ReLU function and the absolute value function, the degree to which the lightning occurrence degree of the target mine-driving device is larger than that of other mine-driving devices at the previous moment is shown, thus reflecting the difference in the lightning occurrence degree between the mine-driving devices.

[0083] It should be noted that the center coefficient of each lightning arrester at each lightning strike moment is obtained in the same way. Only one example is described here, and it will not be repeated.

[0084] Considering that the response of the surge arrester to the lightning strike may be different at each lightning strike moment, and the current is the concrete response manifestation of the surge arrester, the surge arrester is marked based on the current at each lightning strike moment, and the center surge arrester and the comparison surge arrester are distinguished.

[0085] Considering that the center coefficient represents the theoretical ability of a surge arrester to withstand lightning current, the difference in the center coefficient represents the difference in the theoretical current, and the difference in the current represents the difference in the actual current, the combined results can be used to compare the performance of the surge arrester. Therefore, based on the difference in the center coefficient and the difference in the current between each surge arrester and other surge arresters, a surge arrester underperformance index is obtained to quantitatively characterize the degree of inadequacy of the surge arrester in actual lightning strikes relative to its theoretical withstand capability.

[0086] Preferably, in one embodiment of the present invention, a surge arrester that has a current present at the moment of lightning strike is marked as a responsive surge arrester;

[0087] The surge arrester with the largest current value at the same lightning strike time is marked as the center surge arrester, and the other surge arresters are marked as the comparison surge arresters.

[0088] Preferably, in one embodiment of the present invention, at any lightning strike time, a comparative lightning arrester is selected one by one as the lightning arrester to be analyzed, and each comparative lightning arrester at each lightning strike time is analyzed one by one.

[0089] Considering that the current of other surge arresters with a center coefficient smaller than that of the surge arrester to be analyzed should also be smaller than that of the surge arrester to be analyzed, when the center coefficient of the surge arrester to be analyzed is larger than that of other surge arresters, and the current of the surge arrester to be analyzed is smaller than that of other surge arresters, it indicates that the theoretical surge arresting current of the surge arrester to be analyzed is higher while the actual surge arresting current value is smaller, and the surge arresting underestimation index is larger.

[0090] Based on this, other lightning expellers with a central coefficient smaller than that of the lightning expeller to be analyzed are used as comparison lightning expellers. According to the degree of deviation of the central coefficient of the lightning expeller to be analyzed relative to each comparison lightning expeller, combined with the degree of deviation of the current, the lightning expulsion low index of the lightning expeller to be analyzed at the corresponding lightning strike time is obtained.

[0091] As an example, the difference between the central coefficient of the surge arrester to be analyzed and the surge arrester to be compared is taken as the independent variable. After normalization by the softmax function, it is used as the weighting weight. The difference between the current of the surge arrester to be compared and the current of the surge arrester to be analyzed is taken as the independent variable. After mapping by the ReLU function, the ReLU function mapping values ​​are summed with the corresponding weighting weights. The result is used as the surge arrester underestimation index of the surge arrester to be analyzed at the corresponding lightning strike time.

[0092] In this process, when the current of the surge arrester under analysis is higher than that of the surge arrester under comparison, it is considered normal, and the ReLU function outputs 0, with a smaller exponent indicating lower current. Normalization is performed using the softmax function. The larger the center coefficient of the surge arrester under analysis is compared to the surge arrester under comparison, the higher the weighting, and the greater the weight is given to the abnormal situation where the current of the surge arrester under comparison is higher than that of the surge arrester under analysis. The ReLU function mapping value represents the degree to which the current of the surge arrester under analysis is lower than that of each surge arrester under comparison, reflecting the difference in center coefficients. The weighting obtained through the softmax function represents the degree to which the center coefficient of the surge arrester under analysis is higher than that of each surge arrester under comparison, reflecting the difference in current.

[0093] It should be noted that the smallest central coefficient is still the lightning arrester to be analyzed, indicating that current is flowing through it, which means that the lightning arrester has achieved the lightning arresting effect. The lightning arresting low index is set to 0. The ReLU function, softmax function, and Euclidean distance are all existing technologies and will not be elaborated further.

[0094] Step S4: Based on the low lightning expulsion index of each lightning expulsion device as a comparison lightning expulsion device, and combined with the distance between the lightning expulsion device with the maximum center coefficient at the corresponding lightning strike time and the center lightning expulsion device, obtain the lightning expulsion inefficiency index.

[0095] Considering that the location and magnitude of a single lightning strike can be affected by random factors such as the charge distribution within the thunderstorm cloud, the lightning arrestor's low lightning arrest index may fluctuate randomly and cannot fully reflect its long-term stable lightning arrest performance. Statistical analysis of multiple lightning strikes can smooth out random interference, extract the overall performance trend of the lightning arrestor, and thus accurately assess its actual lightning arrest effect.

[0096] Furthermore, considering the distance between the lightning arrester with the maximum center coefficient at the moment of lightning strike and the central lightning arrester, which reflects the deviation between theory and practice in lightning arrest, and indirectly reflects the credibility of the lightning arrest underestimation index, the lightning arrest inefficiency index is obtained by combining all the lightning arrest underestimation indices of each lightning arrester as a comparison lightning arrester and the distance between the lightning arrester with the maximum center coefficient at the moment of lightning strike.

[0097] Preferably, in one embodiment of the present invention, for any lightning arrester, at each corresponding lightning strike moment, the normalized value of the distance between the lightning arrester with the maximum center coefficient and the central lightning arrester in the corresponding data dimension is used as the low confidence level.

[0098] The data dimension consists of the distance between the lightning arrester with the largest center coefficient and the center lightning arrester at all historical lightning strike times. The distance is also the spatial distance in step S302.

[0099] The greater the distance between the lightning arrester with the maximum center coefficient and the center lightning arrester at the moment of lightning strike, the more significant the deviation between the lightning arrester that should theoretically bear the lightning current and the lightning arrester that actually bears the lightning current. This indicates that the current distribution deviates more strongly from the theoretical prediction and the lower confidence level is higher. Therefore, the lightning arrester inefficiency index is obtained by fusing the lightning arrester index based on the lower confidence level at each lightning strike moment.

[0100] As an example, at each lightning strike moment corresponding to the lightning exorcist as a comparison lightning exorcist, the product of the low confidence level and the lightning exorcism inefficiency index is used as the weighted low confidence index, and the average of all weighted low confidence indices is used as the lightning exorcism inefficiency index of the corresponding lightning exorcist.

[0101] In another embodiment of the present invention, considering that the mine expeller may be affected by factors such as component aging and structural deformation over time, the reliability of the mine expelling inefficiency index is higher the newer the time. Therefore, the reciprocal of the time difference between the time to which the mine expelling inefficiency index belongs and the last time of the historical data can be normalized by the softmax function and used as the time weight. The weighted low index is then summed with the time weight, and the result is used as the mine expelling inefficiency index of the corresponding mine expeller.

[0102] In other embodiments of the present invention, the average value of the lightning inefficiency index of the lightning expelling device at each lightning strike time corresponding to the lightning expelling device can be directly used as the lightning expelling inefficiency index; or the lightning expelling inefficiency index can be directly weighted and summed based on time weight, and the result can be used as the lightning expelling inefficiency index of the corresponding lightning expelling device.

[0103] In one embodiment of the present invention, after obtaining the mine-clearing inefficiency index, the method further includes:

[0104] The lightning arrester inefficiency index is linearly normalized across the corresponding data dimension. When the normalization result exceeds a preset anomaly threshold of 0.7, it indicates that the lightning arrester cannot effectively receive lightning current and is unable to achieve the corresponding lightning arresting effect, thus determining that the lightning arrester is abnormal. A comprehensive inspection of the lightning arrester is conducted, including discharge electrode wear, insulation component aging, structural deformation, and grounding system status, and necessary maintenance, component replacement, or structural adjustments are performed based on the inspection results.

[0105] One embodiment of the present invention also provides a lightning current monitoring system for lightning protection devices; please refer to [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 3 It shows a system block diagram of a lightning current monitoring system provided in an embodiment of the present invention, specifically including:

[0106] Data acquisition module 101: Acquires historical data on the location, current, and field strength of the surge arrester.

[0107] First analysis module 102: Based on the changes in field strength of adjacent times within the preset historical neighborhood at each time, and combined with the distribution of the field strength, obtain the lightning pre-field strength at each time; Based on the difference between the lightning pre-field strength at each time and the minimum point of the adjacent field strength, and combined with the field strength, obtain the lightning occurrence degree at each time.

[0108] Second analysis module 103: At each lightning strike moment with current present, obtain the center coefficient of each lightning arrester based on the distance between the lightning arresters and the difference in the degree of lightning occurrence; classify the lightning arresters into center lightning arresters and comparison lightning arresters based on the current marking response lightning arresters; obtain the lightning arresting low index based on the difference in the center coefficient of each comparison lightning arrester and the difference in current with other lightning arresters.

[0109] Performance Analysis Module 104: Based on all the low lightning expulsion indices of each lightning expulsion device used as a comparison lightning expulsion device, and combined with the distance between the lightning expulsion device with the maximum center coefficient at the corresponding lightning strike time and the center lightning expulsion device, obtain the lightning expulsion inefficiency index.

[0110] The four modules of a lightning current monitoring system have been described in steps S1 to S4 and will not be repeated here.

[0111] An embodiment of the present invention also provides a lightning protection device, which includes a memory, a processor, and a computer program. The memory is used to store the corresponding computer program, and the processor is used to run the corresponding computer program. When the computer program runs in the processor, it can implement the lightning current monitoring method of the lightning protection device described in steps S1-S4.

[0112] In summary, addressing the technical problem that existing analyses of lightning arresters are one-sided and lack quantitative evaluation, affecting the judgment of their lightning arresting effectiveness, this invention provides a lightning protection device and a lightning current monitoring method and system. This invention first acquires historical data of the lightning arresters; then, based on the changes in field strength at adjacent times within a preset historical neighborhood at each moment, combined with the minimum points of adjacent field strengths and the distribution of field strength, it obtains the lightning occurrence degree at each moment; further, at each lightning strike moment with current, it obtains the center coefficient of each lightning arrester based on the distance between the lightning arresters and the difference in lightning occurrence degree; further, it obtains the lightning arresting underestimation index based on the difference in center coefficients and current between each comparative lightning arrester and other lightning arresters; finally, based on all the lightning arresting underestimation indices for each lightning arrester, combined with the distance between the lightning arrester with the largest center coefficient at the corresponding lightning strike moment and the central lightning arrester, it obtains the lightning arresting inefficiency index. This scheme constructs the lightning occurrence degree using historical field strength, current, and location data, calculates the center coefficient based on spatiotemporal distribution, then compares the theoretical and actual current differences to obtain the lightning arresting underestimation index, and integrates confidence levels to generate the lightning arresting inefficiency index. This solves the problem of unstable evaluation caused by the randomness of lightning strikes, and enables an objective quantitative assessment of the long-term lightning-repelling effect of lightning arresters.

[0113] It should be noted that the order of the above embodiments of the present invention is merely for descriptive purposes and does not represent the superiority or inferiority of the embodiments. The processes depicted in the accompanying drawings do not necessarily require a specific or sequential order to achieve the desired result. In some embodiments, multitasking and parallel processing are also possible or may be advantageous.

[0114] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner. The same or similar parts between the various embodiments can be referred to each other. Each embodiment focuses on describing the differences from other embodiments.

Claims

1. A lightning current monitoring method for a lightning protection device, characterized by, The method comprises: acquiring historical data of the position, current and field strength of the lightning arrester; for each lightning arrester: according to the change of the field strength of the adjacent time within the preset historical neighborhood of each time, combined with the distribution of the field strength, the pre-lightning field strength of each time is acquired; according to the difference between the pre-lightning field strength of each time and the minimum point of the adjacent field strength, combined with the field strength of each time, the lightning occurrence degree of each time is acquired; at each lightning strike time with current, according to the distance between the lightning arresters and the difference of the lightning occurrence degree, the center coefficient of each lightning arrester is acquired; based on the current, the response lightning arrester is marked and the center lightning arrester and the contrast lightning arrester are divided; according to the difference of the center coefficient between each contrast lightning arrester and other lightning arresters and the difference of the current, the lightning low index of each contrast lightning arrester is acquired; according to all the lightning low indexes of each lightning arrester as the contrast lightning arrester, combined with the distance between the lightning arrester with the maximum center coefficient at the corresponding lightning strike time and the center lightning arrester, the lightning low efficiency index is acquired; the acquisition method of the lightning occurrence degree comprises: fusing the difference between the pre-lightning field strength of each time and the adjacent field strength minimum point in time domain, and the field strength of each time, the lightning occurrence degree of each time is acquired.

2. A method of lightning current monitoring for a lightning protection device according to claim 1, characterized in that, the acquisition method of the pre-lightning field strength comprises: selecting any time as the target time, within the preset historical neighborhood of the target time, according to the increasing degree of the field strength of each neighborhood time compared with the adjacent previous time, combined with the minimum field strength between each neighborhood time and the target time, the forming end degree of each neighborhood time is acquired; based on the forming end degree, the field strength of each neighborhood time is weighted and fused to obtain the pre-lightning field strength of the target time.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein the method further comprises: the acquisition method of the center coefficient comprises: selecting the lightning strike time as the target lightning strike time one by one, at the target lightning strike time, selecting the lightning arrester as the target lightning arrester one by one, according to the time domain distribution of the maximum point of the adjacent field strength of all lightning arresters before the target lightning strike time, the preposition time of the target lightning strike time is acquired; according to the large degree of the lightning occurrence degree of the target lightning arrester relative to other lightning arresters at the preposition time, combined with the distance between the target lightning arrester and other lightning arresters, the center coefficient of the target lightning arrester at the target lightning strike time is acquired.

4. A method of lightning current monitoring for a lightning protection device according to claim 3, characterized in that, the acquisition method of the preposition time comprises: taking the mean time of the maximum point of the adjacent field strength of all lightning arresters before the target lightning strike time as the preposition time of the target lightning strike time.

5. The lightning current monitoring method for a lightning protection device according to claim 1, characterized in that, the acquisition method of the lightning low index comprises: at any lightning strike time, selecting the contrast lightning arrester as the to-be-analyzed lightning arrester one by one, selecting the lightning arrester with a smaller center coefficient than the to-be-analyzed lightning arrester as the to-be-contrasted lightning arrester, according to the large degree of the center coefficient of the to-be-analyzed lightning arrester relative to each to-be-contrasted lightning arrester, combined with the small degree of the current, the lightning low index of the to-be-analyzed lightning arrester at the corresponding lightning strike time is acquired.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein the method further comprises: the acquisition method of the lightning low efficiency index comprises: For any of the lightning arresters, a normalized value of a distance between the lightning arrester with the maximum central coefficient and the central lightning arrester at a corresponding each lightning strike moment is taken as a low-confidence bias; The lightning-arresting low-efficiency index of the lightning arrester is obtained by fusing the low-confidence biases at the corresponding each lightning strike moment.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein the method further comprises: determining a current flowing through the lightning protection device; and determining a current flowing through the lightning protection device based on the current flowing through the lightning protection device. The method for marking the response lightning arrester and dividing the central lightning arrester and the comparative lightning arrester based on the current comprises: Marking the lightning arrester with current at the lightning strike moment as the response lightning arrester; Marking the response lightning arrester with the maximum current value at the same lightning strike moment as the central lightning arrester, and marking other response lightning arresters as comparative lightning arresters.

8. A lightning current monitoring system for a lightning protection arrangement, characterized in that The system comprises: A data acquisition module: acquiring historical data of positions, currents and field strengths of lightning arresters; A first analysis module: for each lightning arrester, obtaining a pre-lightning field strength at each moment according to a change of the field strength at adjacent moments in a preset historical neighborhood of each moment, in combination with a distribution of the field strength; and obtaining a lightning occurrence degree at each moment according to a difference between the pre-lightning field strength at each moment and an adjacent minimum point of the field strength, in combination with the field strength at each moment; A second analysis module: at each lightning strike moment with current, obtaining a central coefficient of each lightning arrester according to a difference between distances between the lightning arresters and the lightning occurrence degrees; marking the response lightning arrester and dividing the central lightning arrester and the comparative lightning arrester based on the current; and obtaining a lightning-arresting low-efficiency index according to a difference between the central coefficients of each comparative lightning arrester and other lightning arresters and a difference between the currents; A performance analysis module: obtaining a lightning-arresting low-efficiency index of each lightning arrester as the comparative lightning arrester, in combination with a distance between the lightning arrester with the maximum central coefficient at a corresponding lightning strike moment and the central lightning arrester; The method for obtaining the lightning occurrence degree comprises: Fusing a difference between the pre-lightning field strength at each moment and a minimum point of the field strength at an adjacent moment in time domain, and the field strength at each moment, to obtain the lightning occurrence degree at each moment.

9. A lightning protection device, the device comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, characterized in that, The processor executes the computer program to implement the steps of the lightning current monitoring method of the lightning protection device according to any one of claims 1-7.

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