Morchella sextelata and same-shed anti-season cultivation method of Morchella sextelata

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of edible fungus cultivation, and particularly relates to morchella sextelata and a same-greenhouse anti-season cultivation method of morchella sextelata. According to the method, sowing is conducted when the daily average temperature in a greenhouse is 10-18 DEG C continuously for 7-10 days, and the ground temperature at the position 5 cm below the earth surface is 8-15 DEG C. Within 1-55 days after sowing, the temperature is controlled to be 8-20 DEG C, the air humidity is controlled to be 65-75%, the soil water content is controlled to be 30-40%, the illumination is smaller than or equal to 500 lx, and the CO2 concentration is smaller than 1000 ppm. Within 55-100 days after sowing, the temperature is controlled to be 6-16 DEG C, the temperature difference is controlled to be 5-8 DEG C, the air humidity is controlled to be 80%-95%, the soil water content is controlled to be 35%-45%, and the illumination is controlled to be 400-1000 lx. According to the method, through management of facility environment and nutrition, anti-season cultivation of morchella sextelata and morchella sextelata in the same greenhouse is achieved, and the profit of 13.10 thousand yuan per mu is achieved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application belongs to the technical field of edible fungus cultivation, and particularly relates to a same-shed counter-season cultivation method for Morchella sextelata and Morchella septelata. BACKGROUND

[0002] Both Morchella sextelata and Morchella septelata are high-quality cultivated strains, but when cultivated in the same shed, they are prone to growth asynchronization due to differences in environmental requirements. The main differences in the cultivation conditions of Morchella sextelata and Morchella septelata are in temperature, humidity and carbon dioxide tolerance. The optimum temperature for the mycelium stage of Morchella sextelata is 2℃ lower than that of Morchella septelata, and primordium induction requires lower temperature and higher humidity, but Morchella sextelata is prone to yellowing disease when the air humidity exceeds 90% and the ventilation is insufficient. Morchella septelata can tolerate slightly higher temperature, and high humidity of 92% to 95% is required during the young mushroom stage to obtain high-quality mushrooms with thick caps and light color, and the upper limit of carbon dioxide tolerance of the mycelium stage of Morchella septelata is 1200ppm, which is significantly higher than 800ppm of Morchella sextelata. If Morchella sextelata and Morchella septelata are cultivated in the same shed, the requirements of the two species need to be considered by controlling temperature, humidity and ventilation in different zones. Therefore, Morchella sextelata tolerates low temperature, and Morchella septelata requires slightly higher temperature, and traditional extensive management is prone to cause growth inhibition of one of the two species, resulting in low economic value. SUMMARY

[0003] In order to solve the above technical problems, the application provides a same-shed counter-season cultivation method for Morchella sextelata and Morchella septelata.

[0004] The purpose of the application is to provide a same-shed counter-season cultivation method for Morchella sextelata and Morchella septelata, which comprises the following steps: Strain: Morchella sextelata and Morchella septelata strains are broken into particles, mixed uniformly, and a strain is obtained.

[0005] Seeding: when the continuous 7 to 10 days of average daily temperature in the greenhouse is controlled to be 10℃ to 18℃, and the ground temperature at 5cm below the ground surface is controlled to be 8℃ to 15℃, seeding is performed, the strain dosage is 150kg / mu to 180kg / mu, and soil covering is performed after seeding.

[0006] Inter-shed management: 1 to 55 days after seeding, the temperature in the shed is controlled to be 8℃ to 20℃, the air humidity is 65% to 75%, the soil water content is 30% to 40%, the light intensity is less than or equal to 500lx, and the CO2 concentration is less than 1000ppm.

[0007] Mushroom management: 55 days to 100 days after sowing, control the temperature in the greenhouse to be 6℃ to 16℃, the day and night temperature difference is 5℃ to 8℃, the air humidity is 80% to 95%, the soil water content is 35% to 45%, and the light is 400lx to 1000lx. When the mushrooms are induced, pour water into the ridge ditch to accumulate water below the surface, and then use misting and hanging spraying to spray water 1 to 2 times a day, 1800L / acre to 2200L / acre each time, 10min to 15min each time.

[0008] Small air chamber management: pull the rope at a horizontal distance of 80cm to 100cm at 50cm to 60cm above the surface, and lay black film with 1cm to 2cm air holes to completely cover along the direction perpendicular to the rope. 55 days to 60 days after sowing, when the surface appears needle-shaped primordia, remove the film.

[0009] Preferably, the water content of the six and seven sister Morels is 55% to 65%, the particle size is 0.5cm to 0.8cm, and the mass ratio of the six sister Morel particles to the seven sister Morel particles is 1:0.8 to 1.2.

[0010] Preferably, the water content of the six and seven sister Morels is 60%, the particle size is 0.6cm, and the mass ratio of the six sister Morel particles to the seven sister Morel particles is 1:1.

[0011] Preferably, the amount of the strain is 160kg / acre.

[0012] Preferably, the thickness of the soil cover is 3cm to 4cm. Covering the soil after sowing makes the strain and the soil in close contact, which is conducive to the strain absorbing nutrients from the environment and normal germination. On the other hand, the soil cover provides physical protection for the strain, reduces the attack of pests, and has the functions of heat preservation and moisture retention.

[0013] Preferably, the greenhouse is a greenhouse with a span of 6m to 8m, the roof is covered with a non-dripping film and a sunshade net with more than 6 needles, a hanging spraying or drip irrigation system is installed in the greenhouse, and a movable ventilation window with a height of 0.6m to 0.8m is reserved on the side of the greenhouse. The non-dripping film prevents the greenhouse from being infected by diseases caused by water vapor condensation and dripping, and the sunshade net with more than 6 needles can reduce the light intensity in the greenhouse to an appropriate level. The hanging spraying or drip irrigation system can control the air humidity and the soil water content, and the movable ventilation window can adjust the CO2 concentration and the temperature. Therefore, the design of the greenhouse makes the environmental conditions in the greenhouse highly controllable, provides a good environment for the growth of the six and seven sister Morels, ensures the yield of the six and seven sister Morels, and improves the economic value.

[0014] Preferably, the greenhouse is a greenhouse with a span of 7m, and a movable ventilation window with a height of 0.7m is reserved on the side of the greenhouse.

[0015] Preferably, the temperature control is carried out as follows: when the temperature in the shed is lower than 5℃, cover the heat preservation quilt; when the temperature is higher than 25℃, open the movable ventilating window and start the hanging spray cooling.

[0016] Preferably, the soil is pretreated before sowing, including the following steps: 15-20 days before cultivation, remove sundries, spread 75-100 kg of quicklime per mu, till 20-25 cm and cover the shed film, close and stew the shed for 10-15 days, maintain the temperature in the shed at 60-70℃. After stewing, ventilate for 3-5 days, adjust the soil pH to 6.5-7.5, and make ridges and furrows: the ridge surface is 0.8-1.0 m wide, the ridge furrow is 0.3-0.4 m wide, and the ridge furrow is 15-20 cm deep. Pour water thoroughly one day before sowing to make the soil moisture content reach 70-75%.

[0017] Preferably, the soil is pretreated before sowing, including the following steps: 15-20 days before cultivation, remove sundries, spread 75-100 kg of quicklime per mu, till 20-25 cm and cover the shed film, close and stew the shed for 10-15 days, maintain the temperature in the shed at 60-70℃. After stewing, ventilate for 3-5 days, adjust the soil pH to 6.5-7.5, and make ridges and furrows: the ridge surface is 0.8-1.0 m wide, the ridge furrow is 0.3-0.4 m wide, and the ridge furrow is 15-20 cm deep. Pour water thoroughly one day before sowing to make the soil moisture content reach 70-75%.

[0018] Preferably, the humidity management is carried out as follows: when the surface layer of the ridge is white, supplement water through drip irrigation, each time to make the soil moist but not accumulate water, and avoid flooding irrigation.

[0019] Preferably, the ventilation is carried out as follows: ventilate once a day at 9:00-10:00, for 30-60 min, and maintain the CO2 concentration in the shed <1000 ppm.

[0020] Preferably, the temperature control in the shed is carried out as follows: when the temperature in the shed is lower than 5℃, cover the heat preservation quilt; when the temperature is higher than 25℃, open the movable ventilating window and start the hanging spray cooling.

[0021] Preferably, the hanging spray sprays water for 1-2 min every 30 min, and repeats until the temperature drops to below 20℃.

[0022] Preferably, 2300-2500 bags per mu of nutrient packs are put in when white fungal frost appears on the ridge surface 7-10 days after sowing, and the nutrient packs are removed 45-55 days after sowing. The formula of the nutrient pack is 30-50% by mass of wheat, 50-68% by mass of corn cob, and 1-2% by mass of lime, with a total of 100%. The nutrient pack provides sufficient nutrient components for Morchella sextelata and Morchella esculenta, and is the basis for their growth. Sufficient nutrient supply can increase the yield of Morchella sextelata and Morchella esculenta, and increase economic benefits.

[0023] Preferably, the water content of the nutrient pack is 55-63%.

[0024] Preferably, the bagged nutrient package has a bag size of 14cm*28cm, and a wet weight of 500g-600g per bag, and the single bag nutrient can meet the demand of mycelium in a range of 15cm-20cm around.

[0025] Preferably, before the nutrient package is put in, the nutrient package is sterilized at 121 DEG C for 2 hours. Sterilization reduces the invasion of harmful bacteria and is conducive to the growth of Morchella sextelata and Morchella esculenta.

[0026] Preferably, the mushroom stimulation is performed when the nutrient package is eaten up, the mycelium turns from white to rust color, and the temperature is stable for ten days without high temperature. The specific stimulation methods include nutrient stimulation, temperature difference stimulation, moisture stimulation, smothering stimulation, and scattered light stimulation.

[0027] Nutrient stimulation: the nutrient bag is removed, and the mycelium is converted from nutrient growth to reproductive growth.

[0028] Temperature difference stimulation: the temperature difference is increased by 5 DEG C-10 DEG C.

[0029] Moisture stimulation: water is poured thoroughly.

[0030] Smothering stimulation: after pouring water thoroughly, the smothering is performed to increase the carbon dioxide content.

[0031] Scattered light stimulation: after smothering, the curtain is opened to see the scattered light.

[0032] Preferably, after sowing, the disease and pest control is performed, and the disease and pest control includes the following steps: a sticky insect plate is arranged in the greenhouse. When the primordium is 1cm-2cm long, the humidity is controlled to 85%-90% to avoid the rot of the primordium. The management of the disease and pests can avoid the yield reduction caused by the disease and pests to the greatest extent, and ensure the stable yield and stable economic benefit.

[0033] Preferably, one sticky insect plate is hung per 10m 2 In the local infection of miscellaneous bacteria, lime powder is immediately scattered for isolation, and any chemical pesticide is prohibited during the mushroom period. The sticky insect plate includes yellow and blue two colors, the yellow sticky insect plate attracts and kills aphids, and the blue sticky insect plate attracts and kills thrips.

[0034] Preferably, the sowing can be performed by zoned planting, Morchella sextelata is planted on the north side of the greenhouse, Morchella esculenta is planted on the south side of the greenhouse, the distance between the two areas is 0.5m, and the environment is uniformly managed. The temperature of the north side of the greenhouse is lower due to the influence of sunlight, and is suitable for the growth of Morchella sextelata. The temperature of the south side of the greenhouse is higher, and is suitable for the growth of Morchella esculenta.

[0035] Compared with the prior art, the present application has the following beneficial effects: 1. The same shed counter-season cultivation method of Morchella sextelata and Morchella septelata of the present application, respectively breaks Morchella sextelata and Morchella septelata strains into particles, mixes them evenly, and obtains the strains. Sowing is carried out when the daily average temperature in the greenhouse is 10-18 DEG C for 7-10 days, the ground temperature at 5 cm below the ground surface is 8-15 DEG C, the sowing method is scattering, the strain dosage is 150-180 kg per mu, and the soil is covered after sowing. The sowing conditions are in the suitable range of Morchella sextelata and Morchella septelata, which is beneficial to their growth and ensures normal germination. Within 1-55 days after sowing, the temperature in the greenhouse is controlled to be 8-20 DEG C, the air humidity is 65-75%, the soil water content is 30-40%, the light intensity is less than or equal to 500 lx, and the CO2 concentration is less than 1000 ppm, so as to provide suitable growth conditions for Morchella sextelata and Morchella septelata and ensure mycelial growth. Within 55-100 days after sowing, the temperature in the greenhouse is controlled to be 6-16 DEG C, the day and night temperature difference is 5-8 DEG C, the air humidity is 80-95%, the soil water content is 35-45%, and the light intensity is 400-1000 lx, so as to promote the fruiting of Morchella sextelata and Morchella septelata. When the fruiting is induced, water is poured into the ridge ditch to make the accumulated water slightly lower than the ridge surface, then misting and hanging spraying are carried out once or twice a day, each time 1800-2200 L per mu, and each time 10-15 min. A black film with 1-2 cm air holes is laid on the ridge surface at a horizontal distance of 50-60 cm above the ridge surface, and is completely covered along the direction perpendicular to the rope. The laying of the film can reduce the management difficulty of temperature and humidity, and is beneficial to the control of the environmental conditions. Within 55-60 days after sowing, when the ridge surface appears needle-shaped primordia, the film is removed to allow the primordia to grow normally.

[0036] In summary, the same shed counter-season cultivation method of Morchella sextelata and Morchella septelata of the present application can provide a growth environment that meets the requirements of Morchella sextelata and Morchella septelata for temperature, humidity, light and CO2 concentration at the same time by designing the greenhouse and controlling the temperature, air humidity, soil water content, light intensity and CO2 concentration in the greenhouse, so as to realize the same shed counter-season cultivation. In the same shed counter-season cultivation method of Morchella sextelata and Morchella septelata of the present application, the two strains synchronously grow and normally enter the fruiting period, and the profit per mu reaches 131,000 yuan, while the profit per mu of Morchella sextelata cultivation in the same season is 71,500 yuan, and the profit per mu of Morchella septelata cultivation in the same season is 33,000 yuan, so the economic benefit is higher than that in the same season.

[0037] 2. The same shed counter-season cultivation method of Morchella sextelata and Morchella septelata of the present application solves the environmental coordination problem of the same shed cultivation of Morchella sextelata and Morchella septelata, and realizes the same shed counter-season cultivation of Morchella sextelata and Morchella septelata, which has great commercial value. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0038] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the greenhouse cultivation facility of the present invention.

[0039] Figure 2 Practical scene diagram of the "pin" - shaped layout of the nutrient packs of the present invention.

[0040] Figure 3 Growth state diagram of the primordium of Morchella sextelata of the present invention during the mulberry stage.

[0041] Figure 4 Growth state diagram of the primordium of Morchella septimelata of the present invention during the mulberry stage. Detailed implementation manners

[0042] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand and implement the technical solution of the present invention, the following combines the embodiments of the present invention, and uses preferred embodiments and accompanying drawings for detailed description. The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts belong to the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0043] It should be noted that all the professional terms used in the present invention are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments, and are not intended to limit the protection scope of the present invention. Unless otherwise specifically stated, all kinds of raw materials, reagents, instruments and equipment used in the following embodiments of the present invention can be obtained through market purchase or prepared by existing methods.

[0044] Example 1 A method for cultivating Morchella sextelata and Morchella septimelata in the same greenhouse in the off - season, comprising the following steps: Greenhouse: Prepare a greenhouse with a span of 7m, cover the shed roof with a 0.08 - mm - thick drip - free film and an 8 - needle sunshade net, install a hanging spray or drip irrigation system inside the shed, and reserve a 0.7 - m - high movable ventilation window on the side of the shed.

[0045] Soil pretreatment: 18 days before cultivation, remove debris, spread 90 kg of quicklime per mu, plow to a depth of 22 cm, then cover with a shed film, seal and stuff the shed for 12 days, maintaining the temperature inside the shed at 65 °C; after stuffing the shed, ventilate for 4 days, adjust the soil pH to 7, form ridges and make furrows: the width of the furrow surface is 0.9m, the width of the ridge ditch is 0.35m, the depth of the ridge ditch is 18cm, and water thoroughly 1 day before sowing to make the soil moisture content reach 72%.

[0046] Strain treatment and sowing: Respectively add water to adjust the moisture content of the Morchella sextelata and Morchella septelata to 60%, and crush them into 0.6 cm particles to obtain Morchella sextelata particles and Morchella septelata particles. Mix the Morchella sextelata particles and the Morchella septelata particles in a mass ratio of 1:1 to obtain the spores. The average daily temperature in the greenhouse is 15℃, and the ground temperature is 12℃. Sow, and use 160 kg of spores per mu, and cover the soil with 3.5 cm and light pressure.

[0047] On November 20, when the average daily temperature in the greenhouse is 15℃ and the ground temperature at 5 cm below the ground surface is 12℃ for 8 consecutive days, sow, use the sowing method, the spore dosage is 160 kg per mu, and evenly cover the soil with 3.5 cm after sowing to make the spores and the soil in close contact.

[0048] Greenhouse management: After sowing for 1-55 days, control the temperature in the greenhouse to be 14℃, the air humidity to be 70%, the soil moisture content to be 35%, the light intensity to be less than or equal to 500 lx, and the CO2 concentration to be less than 1000 ppm through temperature control, humidity management, light control and ventilation management.

[0049] After sowing for 8 days, when white mycelium appears on the surface of the plot, place the nutrient bag at 2400 bags per mu, make three 5 cm incisions on the bag surface, place the nutrient bag in the shape of a "pin" character, and place the incisions downward and close to the surface of the plot. After sowing for 50 days, when the nutrient bag is 30% lighter and the mycelium in the bag is rust-colored, remove the bag. Mushrooming period management: On the 56th day after sowing, control the temperature in the greenhouse to be 11℃, the diurnal temperature difference to be 7℃, the air humidity to be 88%, the soil moisture content to be 40%, and the light intensity to be 700 lx through temperature regulation, humidity regulation, light regulation and ventilation regulation.

[0050] Humidity regulation: The air humidity is increased to 88%, and the soil moisture content is 40%; when the mushrooms are induced, pour water into the ridge ditches to accumulate water slightly lower than the surface of the plot, and then spray water twice a day, each time 2000 L per mu, each time for 13 minutes, using atomizing hanging spray to avoid water flow impacting the original base.

[0051] Small air chamber management: pull the rope at a horizontal distance of 90 cm at a height of 55 cm above the nutrient bag, and lay black film with 2 cm air holes vertically to the rope to completely cover it. After sowing for 58 days, when needle-shaped original bases appear on the surface of the plot, remove the film. Disease and pest control: Place the sticky insect board in the greenhouse; when the original base grows to 1.5 cm, control the humidity to 88% to avoid the original base from rotting.

[0052] Example 2 A method for cultivating Morchella sextelata and Morchella septelata in the same greenhouse in the off-season, comprising the following steps: Greenhouse: Prepare a greenhouse with a span of 6m, with the roof covered with drip-free film and 8-needle shade netting. Install a hanging sprinkler or drip irrigation system inside the greenhouse, and reserve a 0.6m high movable ventilation window on the side of the greenhouse.

[0053] Pre-treat the soil: 15 days before cultivation, remove debris, spread 75 kg of quicklime per acre, plow to a depth of 20 cm, cover with plastic film, and seal the greenhouse for 10 days, maintaining an internal temperature of 60℃. After sealing, ventilate for 3 days, adjust the soil pH to 6.5, and prepare raised beds: bed width 0.8 m, furrow width 0.3 m, furrow depth 15 cm. Water thoroughly one day before sowing to bring the soil moisture content to 70%.

[0054] Inoculum treatment and inoculation: Water was added separately to adjust the moisture content of the six-sister morel spawn and the seven-sister morel spawn to 55%, and they were crushed into 0.5cm particles to obtain six-sister morel granules and seven-sister morel granules respectively. The six-sister morel granules and seven-sister morel granules were mixed evenly at a mass ratio of 1:0.8 to obtain the spawn.

[0055] Sowing should be done when the average daily temperature inside the greenhouse is 10℃ for 7 consecutive days and the soil temperature at 5cm below the surface is 8℃. The sowing method is broadcasting, and the amount of inoculum is 150kg / mu. After sowing, cover the inoculum with 3cm of soil evenly to ensure close contact between the inoculum and the soil.

[0056] Greenhouse Management: From 1 to 55 days after sowing, the temperature inside the greenhouse should be controlled at 8℃, the air humidity at 65%, the soil moisture content at 30%, the light intensity at 500 lx, and the CO2 concentration at 1000 ppm through temperature control, humidity management, light control, and ventilation management. Seven days after sowing, when white mycelial bloom appears on the seedbed, apply nutrient packs at a rate of 2300 bags per acre. Make two 4cm cuts on the surface of each nutrient pack and place them in a triangular pattern with the cuts facing down against the seedbed. 45 days after sowing, when the nutrient packs become 30% lighter and the mycelium inside the packs turns rust-colored, remove the packs. Management during the fruiting period: Within 55 to 100 days after sowing, the temperature inside the greenhouse is controlled at 6℃, the day-night temperature difference at 5℃, the air humidity at 80%, the soil moisture content at 35%, and the light intensity at 400lx through temperature, humidity, light, and ventilation control.

[0057] Humidity control: Increase air humidity to 80% and soil moisture content to 35%. When promoting mushroom growth, water thoroughly until the water level in the furrows is slightly lower than the surface of the bed. Afterward, spray water once a day, 1800L / acre each time, for 10 minutes each time, using a misting sprayer to avoid water flow impacting the primordia. Small air chamber management: Place a black film with 1cm pores across the seedbed, perpendicular to the direction of the nutrient pack, and lay a horizontal rope 80cm apart 50cm above the seedbed to completely cover it. Remove the film 55 days after sowing, when pinhead-sized primordia appear on the seedbed surface.

[0058] Pest and disease control: Place sticky insect traps inside the greenhouse. When the primordia grow to 1cm, control the humidity to 85% to prevent the primordia from rotting.

[0059] Example 3 A method for off-season cultivation of *Morchella esculenta* var. *six* and *Morchella esculenta* var. *seven* in the same greenhouse includes the following steps: Greenhouse: Prepare a greenhouse with a span of 8m, with the roof covered with drip-free film and 8-needle shade netting. Install a hanging sprinkler or drip irrigation system inside the greenhouse, and reserve a 0.8m high movable ventilation window on the side of the greenhouse.

[0060] Soil pretreatment: 20 days before planting, remove debris, apply 100 kg of quicklime per acre, plow to a depth of 25 cm, cover with plastic film, and seal the greenhouse for 15 days, maintaining an internal temperature of 70℃. After sealing, ventilate for 5 days, adjust the soil pH to 7.5, and prepare raised beds: bed width 1.0 m, furrow width 0.4 m, furrow depth 20 cm. Water thoroughly one day before sowing to achieve a soil moisture content of 75%.

[0061] Inoculum treatment and inoculation: Water was added separately to adjust the moisture content of the *Morchella esculenta* spawn (specifically, the *Morchella esculenta* 6-mei and *Morchella esculenta* 7-mei) to 65%, and the spawn was broken into 0.8 cm particles to obtain *Morchella esculenta* particles and *Morchella esculenta* particles, respectively. The *Morchella esculenta* particles and *Morchella esculenta* particles were mixed evenly at a mass ratio of 1:1.2 to obtain the spawn.

[0062] Sowing should be done when the average daily temperature inside the greenhouse is 18℃ for 10 consecutive days and the soil temperature at 5cm below the surface is 15℃. The sowing method is broadcasting, and the amount of inoculum used is 180kg / mu. After sowing, cover the inoculum with 4cm of soil evenly to ensure close contact between the inoculum and the soil.

[0063] Greenhouse Management: From 1 to 55 days after sowing, the temperature inside the greenhouse should be controlled at 20℃, the air humidity at 75%, the soil moisture content at 40%, the light intensity at 500 lx, and the CO2 concentration at 1000 ppm through temperature control, humidity management, light control, and ventilation management. Ten days after sowing, when white mycelial bloom appears on the seedbed, apply nutrient packs at a rate of 2500 bags per mu. Make three 6cm cuts on the surface of each nutrient pack and place them in a triangular pattern with the cuts facing down against the seedbed. Fifty-five days after sowing, when the nutrient packs become 30% lighter and the mycelium inside the packs turns rust-colored, remove the packs.

[0064] Management during the fruiting period: Within 55 to 100 days after sowing, the temperature inside the greenhouse is controlled at 16℃, the day-night temperature difference at 8℃, the air humidity at 95%, the soil moisture content at 45%, and the light intensity at 1000 lx through temperature, humidity, light, and ventilation control.

[0065] Humidity control: the air humidity is increased to 95%, and the soil water content is 45%. When the mushrooms are induced, pour water into the furrow to accumulate water slightly lower than the ridge surface, then spray water 2 times a day, each time 2200L / acre, each time ~15min, use atomizing hanging spray to avoid water flow impact on the primordium; Small air chamber management: pull the rope at 60cm above the nutrient bag with a horizontal interval of 100cm, and lay black film with 2cm air holes completely covering it vertically to the rope direction. 60 days after sowing, when needle-shaped primordia appear on the surface of the plot, remove the film.

[0066] Disease and pest control: place sticky boards in the greenhouse, when the primordium grows to 2cm, control the humidity to 90% to prevent the primordium from rotting.

[0067] Comparative example 1 A method for seasonal cultivation of Morchella sextelata, comprising the following steps: 1. Land preparation and shed construction: select a loose and water-retaining land, after clearing the debris, spread 150kg of lime per mu, deep plough 30cm, and expose to the sun for 15 days. Build a south-north shading arch shed with a width of 6m and a height of 2m, cover it with a 95% shading net, and install atomizing nozzles and drip irrigation pipes to ensure uniform watering.

[0068] 2. Sowing and mulching: use 200kg of spores per mu, spread the crushed spores after sowing, cover the soil with 3cm, adjust the soil water content to 25%, and then cover the mulch to keep warm and moist.

[0069] 3. Place the nutrient bag: place the sterilized nutrient bag after the mycelium grows fully on the surface for 10 days. The nutrient bag contains 50% wheat grains and 50% wheat bran, with a total weight of not less than 500kg per mu, and is placed evenly with the punched side facing down, then the mulch is restored.

[0070] 4. Growth period management: control the temperature to 20℃ during mycelium cultivation, and the soil water content is 20%. After 60 days of sowing, adjust the soil water content to 28% to induce mushrooms. After the primordium is generated, control the temperature to 10℃ and the air humidity to 90%. During the bud stage, control the temperature to 13℃; during the fruiting stage, control the temperature to 12℃ and the air humidity to 85%, and ventilate as needed.

[0071] 5. Harvesting: when the ridge and concave edges of the cap are distinct, the flesh is thick and elastic, cut horizontally from the base of the stem to harvest.

[0072] Comparative example 2 A method for seasonal cultivation of Morchella sextelata, comprising the following steps: 1. Select land and prepare land: select a loose, well-drained and pH 7 land, spread 100kg of lime per mu for disinfection, and deep plough 30cm. Build a plot with a width of 110cm, leave a 35cm ditch between plots for drainage, pour water thoroughly before sowing, and the soil water content should be appropriate for the soil to be slightly wet. Build an arch shed with a width of 7m and a height of 2.6m, cover it with an 85% shading net.

[0073] 2. Sowing and covering: 190 kg of spores per mu is used, and after being broken into small particles, it is sowed or sowed, and the spores and tools are disinfected with 0.15% of the lusol solution before sowing. The sowing can open a 10 cm deep "V" shaped ditch, and after sowing, 2.5 cm thick fine soil is immediately covered, and then black film is covered, and every 50 cm is compacted with soil blocks.

[0074] 3. Placing nutrient bags: after sowing for 8 days, the white spores appear on the ridge, and the nutrient bags are placed. The nutrient bags are made of 90% wheat and 10% wheat bran, and the amount used per mu is 1800 kg. The nutrient bag is placed with the perforated side facing down and closely attached to the ridge, and the interval is 25 cm, and then the film is reset.

[0075] 4. Growth period management: the ground temperature is controlled to be 20℃, and the air humidity is 65%, and the ventilation is 2 times a day. The film is removed after 43 days of placing the nutrient bag, and the nutrient bag is removed and water is poured to stimulate the mushroom, and the soil water content is controlled to be 47%, and the air humidity is 90%, and the day and night temperature difference is used to stimulate the mushroom. The air temperature is kept at 12℃ from the primordium to the mushroom period, and the air humidity is gradually adjusted to 78%, and the ventilation and water spraying are carried out in the middle of the day in the low temperature season.

[0076] 5. Harvesting: when the cap is gray-brown, the top is round and the flesh is thick and elastic, the mushroom is harvested by cutting off from the base of the stem.

[0077] The greenhouse of the application is shown in the result as shown in Figure 1 The placement position of the nutrient bag of the application is shown in the result as shown in Figure 2 The primordium of the six sister mulberry period is shown in Figure 3 The primordium of the seven sister mulberry period is shown in Figure 4 The results show that the six sister morel is relatively thick, and the seven sister morel is relatively long. The cultivation cost and profit of the morel of example 1, comparative example 1 and comparative example 2 of the application are shown in table 1. The results show that although the cost of example 1 is higher and the yield is lower, the unit price of the off-season is high, the total output value of the morel is 175,000 yuan per mu, and the profit is 131,000 yuan per mu. The six sister morel is suitable for low temperature environment, and the cultivation in season is sowed in late autumn and early winter, and harvested in spring of next year. The mycelium of the seven sister morel is strong, and the disease resistance and high temperature resistance are better than those of the six sister, and the mushroom is 10 days later than that of the six sister, and the sowing in season is in October-December.

[0078] Table 1 cultivation cost and profit of morel of example 1, comparative example 1 and comparative example 2

[0079] It should be noted that when the present application refers to a numerical range, it is understood that each numerical range has two endpoints and any number between the two endpoints can be selected. Since the same method of steps and examples are used, the preferred embodiments are described in the present application to prevent redundancy. Although the preferred embodiments of the present application have been described, those skilled in the art who have the inventive concept of the present application can make additional changes and modifications to the embodiments, and these changes and modifications all fall within the scope of the present application.

[0080] Obviously, various modifications and changes can be made to the present application by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the present application. If these modifications and changes of the present application fall within the scope of the equivalent technology of the present application, the present application also intends to include these modifications and changes.

Claims

1. A method for cultivating Morchella sextelata and Morchella esculenta in the same shed in reverse seasons, characterized in that, Comprising the following steps: Strain: The six-sister Morel and seven-sister Morel strains are broken into particles and mixed evenly to obtain the strain; Sowing: Sow when the average daily temperature in the greenhouse is controlled at 10-18℃ and the ground temperature at 5cm below the ground surface is controlled at 8-15℃ for 7-10 consecutive days, the strain dosage is 150-180kg / mu, and cover soil after sowing; Greenhouse management: Control the temperature in the greenhouse to be 8-20℃, the air humidity to be 65-75%, the soil water content to be 30-40%, the light intensity to be less than or equal to 500lx, and the CO2 concentration to be less than 1000ppm within 1-55 days after sowing; Management during the fruiting period: Control the temperature in the greenhouse to be 6-16℃, the diurnal temperature difference to be 5-8℃, the air humidity to be 80-95%, the soil water content to be 35-45%, and the light intensity to be 400-1000lx within 55-100 days after sowing; pour water thoroughly to make the accumulated water in the furrow lower than the surface of the ridge during the fruiting period, and then use misting and hanging spraying to spray water 1-2 times a day, each time 1800-2200L / mu, each time for 10-15min; Small air chamber management: Pull the rope horizontally at a distance of 50-60cm above the surface of the ridge at a horizontal distance of 80-100cm, and completely cover it with black film with 1-2cm air holes in the direction perpendicular to the rope; remove the film when the needle-shaped primordia appear on the surface of the ridge 55-60 days after sowing.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the method is a method for cultivating Morchella sextelata and Morchella septelata in a greenhouse in a reverse season, characterized in that, The water content of the six-sister Morel and seven-sister Morel is 55-65%, the particle size is 0.5-0.8cm, and the mass ratio of the six-sister Morel particle to the seven-sister Morel particle is 1:0.8-1.

2.

3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the method is a method for cultivating Morchella sextelata and Morchella septelata in a greenhouse in a reverse season, characterized in that, The strain dosage is 160kg / mu.

4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the method is a method for cultivating Morchella sextelata and Morchella septelata in a greenhouse in a reverse season, characterized in that, The greenhouse is a greenhouse with a span of 6-8m, the top of which is covered with a non-dripping film and a sunshade net with more than 6 needles, a hanging spraying or drip irrigation system is installed in the greenhouse, and a 0.6-0.8m high movable ventilation window is reserved on the side of the greenhouse.

5. The method according to claim 4, wherein the method is characterized in that, The greenhouse is a greenhouse with a span of 7m, and a 0.7m high movable ventilation window is reserved on the side of the greenhouse.

6. The method according to claim 4, wherein the method is characterized in that, The temperature is controlled as follows: when the temperature in the greenhouse is lower than 5℃, cover the heat preservation quilt; when it is higher than 25℃, open the movable ventilation window and start the hanging spraying to reduce the temperature.

7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the method is a method for cultivating Morchella sextelata and Morchella septelata in a greenhouse in a reverse season, characterized in that, The soil is pretreated before sowing, comprising the following steps: remove the sundries before cultivation, spread 75-100kg of quicklime per mu, till the soil to a depth of 20-25cm, cover the greenhouse film, close the greenhouse for 10-15 days to maintain the temperature in the greenhouse at 60-70℃, ventilate for 3-5 days after the greenhouse is closed, adjust the soil pH to 6.5-7.5, and make ridges and furrows: the surface of the ridge is 0.8-1.0m wide, the furrow is 0.3-0.4m wide, and the furrow is 15-20cm deep, pour water thoroughly 1 day before sowing to make the soil water content reach 70-75%.

8. The method according to claim 7, wherein the method is characterized in that, Spread 90kg of quicklime per mu, maintain the temperature in the greenhouse at 65℃, adjust the soil pH to 7, and make the soil water content reach 72%.

9. The method according to claim 1, wherein the method is a method for cultivating Morchella sextelata and Morchella septelata in a greenhouse in a reverse season, characterized in that, When white mildew appears on the ridge surface 7-10 days after sowing, 2300-2500 bags / mu of nutrient bags are put; 45-55 days after sowing, the bags are removed; the formula of the nutrient bag is 30-50% (mass fraction) of wheat, 50-68% (mass fraction) of corn cob, and 1-2% (mass fraction) of lime, with a total of 100%.

10. The method for off-season cultivation of morel mushrooms (both the sixth and seventh varieties) in the same greenhouse according to claim 1, characterized in that... After sowing, disease and pest control is carried out, which comprises the following steps: arranging a sticky board in the greenhouse; when the primordium is 1-2 cm long, the humidity is controlled to 85-90% to avoid the rotting of the primordium.

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