Extrusion cutting device and method suitable for radioactive rod-shaped waste

Abstract

The invention discloses an extruding and cutting device and method suitable for radioactive rod-shaped waste. The extruding and cutting device comprises a mounting rack; one end of the mounting rack is provided with a breaking fulcrum, and the two sides of the breaking fulcrum are provided with positioning blocks through bolts; the pressurization cavity is installed on the installation support, the pressurization air cylinder is connected to the pressurization cavity, the pressurization cavity internally comprises a pressurization cavity and a working cavity, a one-way valve is arranged between the pressurization cavity and the working cavity, and a valve rod of the pressurization air cylinder corresponds to the pressurization cavity of the pressurization cavity. The working cavity of the pressurizing cavity is pressurized through a one-way valve, a piston assembly is embedded in the working cavity of the pressurizing cavity, and the piston assembly is connected with a working piston rod; the front end of the piston rod is fixedly welded with the breaking knife. The problem that abnormal cutter tipping occurs due to the fact that the cutter is not evenly stressed in the traditional cutting process of rod-shaped waste is solved, and good economical efficiency and practicability are reflected on the whole.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of cold cutting equipment technology in the nuclear industry, and specifically to a compression cutting device and method suitable for radioactive rod-shaped waste. Background Technology

[0002] Various high-dose rod-shaped wastes generated in the nuclear industry need to be processed into rods to the required size for drum packaging through cutting and dismantling. However, the traditional cutting and dismantling process has been found to have limitations: due to the thick walls of short rods, the blades are subjected to uneven force during the cutting process, resulting in abnormal blade chipping. This not only significantly reduces cutting efficiency (manifested as a reduction in the amount of waste processed per unit time) but also significantly shortens the blade life (specifically, an increase in the frequency of blade replacement and a rise in maintenance costs). In addition, the hydraulic drive method is not convenient for later maintenance in a radioactive environment. Therefore, it is necessary to design a new type of extrusion cutting device that uses a pneumatic extrusion cutting method to achieve efficient dismantling of various types of rod-shaped wastes and ultimately meet the requirements of the drum packaging process. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to provide a compression cutting device and method suitable for radioactive rod-shaped waste, solving the problem of abnormal blade chipping caused by uneven force on the blade during the traditional cutting process of rod-shaped waste.

[0004] The technical solution of the present invention is as follows: A crushing and cutting device suitable for radioactive rod-shaped waste includes a mounting frame; a crushing fulcrum is installed at one end of the mounting frame, and positioning blocks are installed on both sides of the crushing fulcrum by bolts; a pressurizing chamber is installed on the mounting bracket, and a pressurizing cylinder is connected to the pressurizing chamber. The pressurizing chamber includes a boosting chamber and a working chamber. A one-way valve is provided between the boosting chamber and the working chamber, and the valve stem of the pressurizing cylinder corresponds to the boosting chamber of the pressurizing chamber. The boosting chamber of the pressurizing chamber is pressurized by the pressurizing cylinder, and the working chamber of the pressurizing chamber is pressurized by the one-way valve. A piston assembly is embedded in the working chamber of the pressurizing chamber, and the piston assembly is connected to the working piston rod; the front end of the piston rod is welded and fixed to the crushing blade.

[0005] It also includes a buffer device, which includes a buffer rod with a spring, a piston rod passing through a cross plate, and the buffer rod being connected to the cross plate.

[0006] The working chamber of the pressurized chamber is also equipped with a vent valve.

[0007] The mounting frame has a quick-lock device that allows for rapid installation of the mounting frame and the mounting plate.

[0008] It also includes a protective plate, which is L-shaped and located at the pressure-cutting position of the pressure-cutting knife.

[0009] Also included are heightening lifting lugs which are evenly fixed to the four sides of the mounting frame by bolts.

[0010] The breaking knife includes a sharp corner knife and a trapezoidal knife.

[0011] An extrusion cutting method suitable for radioactive rod-shaped waste, comprising the following steps:

[0012] S1: connecting the air supply source with the pressurized cylinder;

[0013] S2: clamping and placing the radioactive rod-shaped waste to be cut and disposed on the breaking fulcrum for fixation; and adjusting the position of the radioactive rod-shaped waste through the positioning block;

[0014] S3: opening the pressurized cylinder, compressing the gas in the pressurized cavity of the pressurized cylinder, when the pressure in the pressurized cavity increases to a certain extent, the one-way valve connecting the pressurized cavity of the pressurized cylinder and the working cavity opens, the gas in the pressurized cavity enters the working cavity, thereby driving the piston rod to move forward;

[0015] S4: the piston rod drives the breaking knife 1 to extrude the radioactive rod-shaped waste, realizing the breaking of the radioactive rod-shaped waste.

[0016] When the pressure in the working cavity of the pressurized cylinder is too large, the pressure relief valve is used for pressure relief.

[0017] The buffer device is used to make the piston rod move slowly.

[0018] The significant effect of the present application is:

[0019] 1) The breaking knife can be divided into two types of sharp corner knife and trapezoidal knife according to the function, and the appropriate cutting mode can be selected according to the rod-shaped waste with different wall thickness, and the cutting tool is well protected;

[0020] 2) The device adopts a pressure relief valve controlled pressure relief and pressurization method, so that the stress distribution applied to the cutting tool is more uniform, effectively reducing the risk of tool edge collapse caused by excessive instantaneous impact force, thereby prolonging the service life of the cutting tool and improving the cutting stability;

[0021] 3) The device is provided with a one-way valve in the pressure regulating system, which can accurately control the pressure change in the pressurized cavity. By dynamically adjusting the pressure value of the pressurized cavity, effective control and optimal distribution of the shearing force are realized, ensuring that the cutting process is more stable and efficient;

[0022] 4) The device adopts advanced modular design concept, and each functional component (such as cylinder, cutter, etc.) is quickly assembled and separated through standardized interface (screw connection). This design fully considers the equipment maintenance requirements in high-dose radiation environment, so that the cylinder and cutter and other vulnerable parts can be quickly disassembled and replaced. The modular structure design significantly improves the maintainability of the device: on the one hand, the standardized interface design reduces the technical difficulty of field maintenance; on the other hand, it is convenient to operate in high radiation environment, reducing the radiation dose time of workers. This design concept not only optimizes the equipment maintenance process, but also greatly reduces the safety risk of field maintenance, fully embodies the application value of human factors engineering principles and nuclear industry safety concept.

[0023] 5) The device realizes compact layout in structural design, and fully considers the feasibility of manufacturing process. Its simple structure design not only reduces the material consumption and production cost, but also makes the device have high processing efficiency and assembly convenience, which overall embodies good economy and practicability. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0024] Figure 1 is a structure diagram of the extrusion cutting device suitable for various rod-shaped waste.

[0025] Figure 2 is a front view of the extrusion cutting device suitable for various rod-shaped waste.

[0026] Figure 3 is a side view

[0027] Marked in the figure: 1 - breakage cutter 2 - breakage support point 3 - protection plate 4 - height lifting lug 5 - positioning block 6 - inclined block 7 - quick locking device 8 - pressurizing cylinder 9 - pressure relief valve 10 - fixed plate 11 - installation rack 12 - pressurizing cavity 13 - working piston rod 14 - buffer device. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] In the following description, many specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present application. However, the present application can be practiced in a variety of ways beyond the specific embodiments described herein without departing from the scope of the present application, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present application can be practiced with or without these specific details. Therefore, the present application is not limited to the specific implementations disclosed below.

[0029] The terminology used in this disclosure of one or more embodiments is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of one or more embodiments. As used in this disclosure and the appended claims, the singular forms "a," "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will also be understood that the term "and / or" as used herein refers to and encompasses any and all possible combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

[0030] It is to be understood that, although the terms first, second, etc. can be used herein to describe various information, these terms are not intended to denote a particular order or relationship between the information. For example, without departing from the scope of one or more embodiments, first can be termed second, and similarly, second can be termed first.

[0031] The specific technical content of the application will be described below with reference to the drawings;

[0032] An extrusion cutting device and method suitable for radioactive rod-shaped waste, comprising a mounting rack 11, which adopts a plate structure design, and has a standard mounting hole reserved on the surface for connecting with a fixed plate 10. Its main function is to bear other functional modules and realize stable connection with the fixed plate 10 through bolts. The fixed plate 10 is pre-set at a place where radioactive rod-shaped waste is generated.

[0033] Specifically, the mounting rack 11 has a quick locking device 7, which adopts a screw-nut transmission mechanism to realize quick installation of the mounting rack 11 and the fixed plate 10. The quick locking device 7 is configured with four groups. The four groups of quick locking devices are installed at corresponding positions of the mounting rack 11 and the fixed plate 10, and are fixed through bolts. The screw of the quick locking device 7 is connected with the fixed plate 10, and is used for realizing rigid support and position adjustment of the mounting rack 11.

[0034] The protection plate 3 adopts an L-shaped structure design and is fixed on the mounting rack 11 through bolts. It is configured with one piece. Its main function is to provide safety protection to prevent debris from splashing or personnel from contacting dangerous areas.

[0035] The height-increasing lifting lug 4 is made of a plate structure and has four standard through holes reserved on the surface for passing through lifting belts, which are uniformly fixed on the mounting rack 11 through bolts to increase the overall height of the equipment and provide additional lifting function.

[0036] As Figure 1 , 3As shown, the press-off branch point 2 is installed at one end of the installation rack 11, and the press-off branch point 2 is composed of a semicircular fixed plate, a total of four, evenly arranged on the surface of the installation rack 11 and fastened by bolts. Its main function is to provide radial support for radioactive rod-shaped waste and bear the reaction force generated during the pressing process.

[0037] At one end of the installation rack 11, the positioning block 5 is installed on both sides of the press-off branch point 2 through bolts, and the positioning block 5 adopts a bevel structure design. There is one positioning block on each side of the press-off branch point 2, which is used in cooperation with the press-off branch point 2 to achieve precise positioning of the radioactive rod-shaped waste.

[0038] The pressurizing cavity 12 is a cuboid structure, which is installed on the installation support 11 through bolts, and has a pressurizing through hole for the movement of the piston inside. The pressurizing cylinder 8 is connected to the pressurizing cavity 12 through bolts to form a complete pneumatic drive unit, which can be replaced as a whole after failure. The pressurizing cavity 12 includes a pressurizing cavity and a working cavity, and there is a one-way valve between the pressurizing cavity and the working cavity. The valve rod of the pressurizing cylinder 8 corresponds to the pressurizing cavity of the pressurizing cavity 12. The pressurizing cavity of the pressurizing cavity 12 is pressurized through the pressurizing cylinder 8, and the working cavity of the pressurizing cavity 12 is pressurized through the one-way valve. The working cavity of the pressurizing cavity 12 is embedded with a piston assembly, and the piston assembly is connected to the working piston rod 13. The front end of the piston rod 13 is welded and fixed with the press-off knife 1, and the reciprocating movement of the press-off knife 1 is realized through pneumatic drive to complete the extrusion cutting function of the radioactive rod-shaped waste.

[0039] The working cavity of the pressurizing cavity 12 is also provided with a pressure relief valve 9 for adjusting the pressure of the working cavity of the pressurizing cavity 12.

[0040] Specifically, the pressurizing cavity 12 is also provided with a buffer device 14 at the air inlet end, and the buffer device 14 includes a buffer rod 15 with a spring. The piston rod 13 passes through the cross plate 16, and the buffer rod 15 is connected to the cross plate 16. The cross plate 16 is controlled by the spring, and then the piston rod 13 is controlled, so that the press-off knife 1 will not be affected by the pressure fluctuation of the device during extrusion cutting, and the piston rod 13 will slowly advance during movement.

[0041] Specifically, the press-off knife 1 can be divided into two types of sharp corner knife and trapezoidal knife according to the function, which can select the appropriate cutting mode according to the rod-shaped waste with different wall thickness. For rod-shaped waste with thin wall thickness (such as high radioactive carbon steel, stainless steel and plastic pipeline, etc.), the equipment adopts extrusion brittle fracture technology; and for rod-shaped waste with thick wall thickness (such as end residual segment, etc.), the effective treatment is realized by extrusion cutting.

[0042] As a consumable part, the pressure breaking cutter 1 adopts a modular design and is fixed and installed on the piston rod mounting seat through bolts. The structural design makes the cutter replacement extremely convenient: when the cutter appears a broken blade phenomenon, the overall replacement can be quickly completed, and the maintenance efficiency and operation stability of the equipment are significantly improved. The design not only reduces the maintenance difficulty, but also prolongs the service life of the cutter, and fully embodies the advantages of the equipment in functionality and reliability.

[0043] The specific working process of the device is as follows:

[0044] (1) Connect the gas source with the pressurizing cylinder 8;

[0045] (2) Use the remote operation device to clamp and adjust the posture of the radioactive waste to be cut, place various high-dose rod-shaped waste to be disassembled on the pressure breaking branch point 2 for fixation, and adjust the position of the radioactive rod-shaped waste through the positioning block 5;

[0046] (3) Open the pressurizing cylinder 8, compress the gas in the pressurizing cavity of the pressurizing cavity 12 through the cylinder 8, when the pressure in the pressurizing cavity increases to a certain degree, the one-way valve connecting the pressurizing cavity of the pressurizing cavity 12 and the working cavity opens, the gas enters the working cavity from the pressurizing cavity 12, thereby driving the piston rod 13 to move forward;

[0047] (4) The piston rod 13 drives the pressure breaking cutter 1 to extrude the radioactive rod-shaped waste, so as to realize the pressure breaking of the radioactive rod-shaped waste;

[0048] (5) In order to avoid excessive pressure in the working cavity of the pressurizing cavity 12, the pressure is released through the pressure relief valve 9; in order to avoid that the piston rod 13 moves too fast and causes too much impact, a buffer valve 14 is designed, which functions to make the working piston rod slowly move forward in the moving process;

[0049] (6) After the waste is taken down, it is put into a barrel.

[0050] The above only describes the preferred embodiments of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.

[0051] It should be noted that, for the foregoing method embodiments, in order to facilitate description, they are all expressed as a series of action combinations, but those skilled in the art should know that the present application is not limited by the action sequence described, because according to the present application, certain steps can be performed in other sequences or simultaneously. Secondly, those skilled in the art should know that the embodiments described in the specification are all preferred embodiments, and the actions and modules involved are not necessarily essential to the present application.

[0052] In the above embodiments, the description of each embodiment has its own focus, and the parts not described in detail in a certain embodiment can be referred to the relevant description of other embodiments.

[0053] The preferred embodiments of the application disclosed above are only used to explain the application. The alternative embodiments do not describe all the details and limit the application to the specific embodiments. Obviously, according to the content of the application, many modifications and changes can be made. The application selects and describes these embodiments in order to better explain the principles and practical applications of the application, so that those skilled in the art can well understand and utilize the application.

Claims

1. A crushing and cutting device suitable for radioactive rod-shaped waste, characterized in that: The system includes a mounting frame (11); a pressure breaking fulcrum (2) is installed at one end of the mounting frame (11), and positioning blocks (5) are installed on both sides of the pressure breaking fulcrum (2) by bolts; a pressure chamber (12) is installed on the mounting bracket (11), and a pressure cylinder (8) is connected to the pressure chamber (12). The pressure chamber (12) includes a pressure boosting chamber and a working chamber. There is a one-way valve between the pressure boosting chamber and the working chamber. The valve stem of the pressure cylinder (8) corresponds to the pressure boosting chamber of the pressure chamber 12. The pressure boosting chamber of the pressure chamber (12) is pressurized by the pressure cylinder (8), and the working chamber of the pressure chamber (12) is pressurized by the one-way valve. A piston assembly is embedded in the working chamber of the pressure chamber (12), and the piston assembly is connected to the working piston rod (13). The front end of the piston rod (13) is welded and fixed to the pressure breaking knife (1).

2. The extrusion and cutting device for radioactive rod-shaped waste according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a buffer device (14), which includes a buffer rod (15) with a spring, a piston rod (13) passing through a cross plate (16), and the buffer rod (15) being connected to the cross plate (16).

3. The extrusion and cutting device for radioactive rod-shaped waste according to claim 2, characterized in that: The working chamber of the pressurized chamber (12) is also equipped with a vent valve (9).

4. The extrusion and cutting device for radioactive rod-shaped waste according to claim 3, characterized in that: The mounting frame (11) has a quick-lock device (7), which enables the quick installation of the mounting frame (11) and the fixing plate (10).

5. The extrusion and cutting device for radioactive rod-shaped waste according to claim 4, characterized in that: It also includes a protective plate (3), which is L-shaped and located at the cutting position of the cutting blade (1).

6. The extrusion and cutting device for radioactive rod-shaped waste according to claim 5, characterized in that: It also includes height-increasing lugs (4), which are evenly fixed around the mounting frame (11) by bolts.

7. The extrusion and cutting device for radioactive rod-shaped waste according to claim 6, characterized in that: The crushing cutter (1) includes a pointed cutter and a trapezoidal cutter.

8. A method for extruding and cutting radioactive rod-shaped waste, using the apparatus as described in claim 7, characterized in that: Includes the following steps: S1: Connect the air supply source to the pressurized cylinder (8); S2: The radioactive rod-shaped waste to be cut and disposed of is clamped and placed on the crushing fulcrum (2) for fixation; and the position of the radioactive rod-shaped waste is adjusted by the positioning block (5); S3: Open the pressurizing cylinder (8) and compress the gas in the pressurizing chamber (12) through the cylinder (8). When the gas pressure in the pressurizing chamber increases to a certain extent, the one-way valve connecting the pressurizing chamber (12) and the working chamber opens, and the gas enters the working chamber from the pressurizing chamber (12), thereby driving the piston rod (13) to move forward. S4: The piston rod (13) drives the crushing knife (1) to crush the radioactive rod-shaped waste, thereby crushing the radioactive rod-shaped waste.

9. A method for extruding and cutting radioactive rod-shaped waste according to claim 8, characterized in that: When the pressure inside the working chamber of the pressurized chamber (12) is too high, the pressure is released through the vent valve (9).

10. A method for extruding and cutting radioactive rod-shaped waste according to claim 8, characterized in that: The piston rod (13) moves slowly during the movement thanks to the buffer device (14).

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