A design method of wave-absorbing material based on fractal geometry

By using fractal geometry design methods, combined with resonance effect factors and equivalent electromagnetic parameters, the iterative design of absorbing materials is optimized, solving the problems of low frequency band matching and broadband absorption efficiency of existing absorbing materials, and realizing thin-film and high-efficiency electromagnetic wave absorption.

CN121256882BActive Publication Date: 2026-03-24CHINA ACAD OF AEROSPACE AERODYNAMICS
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Patent Information

Application Number
CN202511812735.9
Authority / Receiving Office
CN · China
Patent Type
Patents(China)
Current Assignee / Owner
Filing Date
2025-12-04
Publication Date
2026-03-24
Estimated Expiration
2045-12-04

AI Technical Summary

Technical Problem

Existing microwave absorbing materials suffer from problems such as difficulty in frequency band matching, low broadband absorption efficiency, and large thickness and weight in many fields. They lack systematic theoretical modeling methods and are difficult to meet the needs of specific applications such as RFID and microwave anechoic chambers.

Method used

By employing a fractal geometry design method, the geometric complexity of the absorbing material is quantitatively described through fractal dimension. Combining the resonance effect factor and equivalent electromagnetic parameters, the interface wave impedance model is derived based on the equivalent transmission line theory, enabling accurate prediction of electromagnetic wave reflectivity and reflection loss, and optimizing the iterative design of the absorbing material.

Benefits of technology

It achieves wideband and thin-film absorption of electromagnetic waves, improves the signal transmission efficiency of RFID tags and the testing accuracy of microwave anechoic chambers, and meets the electromagnetic wave absorption needs of multiple fields.

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Abstract

The application provides a design method of a wave-absorbing material based on fractal geometry, the wave-absorbing material is composed of a periodic arrangement of a three-dimensional unit cell structure in a plane, and the unit cell structure is a layered structure; the method comprises the following steps: determining impedance gradient correction coefficients of each layer of the unit cell structure according to layer structure parameters and a fractal dimension of the unit cell structure of the wave-absorbing material; determining equivalent electromagnetic parameters of each layer of the unit cell structure according to intrinsic electromagnetic parameters and layer structure parameters of each layer; determining complex propagation constants and intrinsic impedances of each layer of the unit cell structure by using the equivalent electromagnetic parameters and a working frequency; determining an input impedance of a surface layer of the unit cell structure by using the impedance gradient correction coefficients, the complex propagation constants, the intrinsic impedances and the layer structure parameters of each layer of the unit cell structure, and then determining surface reflectivity and reflection loss; determining whether the wave-absorbing material meets working frequency band index requirements, and if not, continuously optimizing the unit cell structure until the unit cell structure meets the working frequency band index requirements, and completing the design of the wave-absorbing material.
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