Preparation method of high-adsorption type porous activated carbon

Abstract

The invention discloses a preparation method of high-adsorption type porous activated carbon, and belongs to the technical field of solid waste resource utilization and carbon material preparation. The method comprises the following steps: activating a carbon source precursor under a low-temperature condition by adopting a composite activator containing an adjustable cocatalyst to generate porous activated carbon and tail gas rich in carbon source components. The method is characterized by comprising the following steps: carrying out on-line real-time monitoring on tail gas components generated in an activation process, and calculating a catalytic potential index according to a preset model; and the central control module adaptively regulates the addition amount of the regulable promoter in the front-end composite activator through closed-loop feedback logic according to the index so as to realize accurate control of the activation process. By constructing a process closed loop and recycling the waste tail gas, high-valued co-production of the activated carbon and the carbon nanotubes is realized, the energy consumption of the system is remarkably reduced, and the stability of product quality and the intellectualization of the process are ensured.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of solid waste resource utilization and carbon material preparation technology, specifically a method for preparing highly adsorbent porous activated carbon. Background Technology

[0002] High-adsorption porous activated carbon, as an excellent adsorbent material with a highly developed pore structure and a huge specific surface area, plays an indispensable role in many fields such as environmental protection, chemical industry, food and medicine. Its traditional preparation methods typically involve high-temperature pyrolysis and activation of carbon-rich organic precursors (such as coal, wood, fruit shells, and various biomass wastes). This process aims to etch and expand the microscopic channels inside the material through physical or chemical means, thereby endowing it with strong adsorption capacity.

[0003] However, existing activated carbon production processes generally face the challenge of relatively crude process control. The production process typically relies on a set of pre-set, constant process parameters, such as fixed activation temperature, reaction time, and the type and ratio of activators. This static control strategy is insufficiently adaptable to the inherent and unavoidable fluctuations in raw material components. Even slight differences in the physicochemical properties of carbon source precursors (such as moisture content, ash content, and volatile matter) directly affect the progress and depth of the activation reaction, but static process parameters cannot respond to or compensate for these in real time. The direct consequence is that the quality stability of the final product is difficult to guarantee, and key performance indicators such as specific surface area and pore size distribution often show significant differences between batches.

[0004] Meanwhile, the activation reaction inevitably generates a large amount of exhaust gas. This exhaust gas often contains considerable concentrations of reducing gases with high chemical energy, such as carbon monoxide, methane, and hydrogen. In current production practices, this exhaust gas is typically considered waste gas requiring treatment, and its most common disposal method is direct combustion to provide some process heat, or, in simpler cases, direct venting or flaring. While this treatment method meets basic safety and environmental requirements, it is essentially a huge waste of the valuable carbon and hydrogen resources contained in the exhaust gas, failing to fully exploit its potential as raw materials for the synthesis of high-value-added chemicals. There is significant room for improvement in both economic efficiency and resource utilization efficiency.

[0005] At a deeper level, existing technologies have failed to organically link the "quality control" and "byproduct utilization" stages of activated carbon preparation. The composition and concentration of the exhaust gas are, in fact, the most direct and real-time "fingerprint" information of the internal chemical environment of the activation reactor, but in current processes, it is not used as a dynamic feedback signal to guide and optimize the upstream production process. This philosophical separation in production means that activated carbon preparation and byproduct treatment remain two relatively independent units lacking synergy, thus missing the opportunity to build a self-regulating intelligent production system with a closed loop of material and information flow. Therefore, developing an integrated new technology capable of achieving adaptive process control and high-value co-production of exhaust gas has become an urgent technical challenge to be solved in this field. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a technical solution that can overcome the problems of simple and crude tail gas treatment, underutilization of material value, and fragmentation of process units in the existing activated carbon production process, and aims to realize intelligent closed-loop control of the production process and high-value recycling of resources.

[0007] To address the aforementioned technical problems, the first aspect of this invention provides a method for preparing highly adsorbent porous activated carbon. This method achieves precise control of the activated carbon production process by establishing a feedback control loop that monitors the components of the activated tail gas and dynamically adjusts the front-end activator.

[0008] Specifically, the method for preparing highly adsorbent porous activated carbon provided by the present invention includes the following steps:

[0009] Step 1: Mix the carbon source precursor with the composite activator to carry out the activation reaction, and obtain activated carbon and exhaust gas containing carbon source components;

[0010] Step 2: Monitor the concentration of key carbon source components in the exhaust gas online, and dynamically adjust the composition of the composite activator used for the activation reaction based on the control signal generated by the monitoring results, so as to form a closed-loop process.

[0011] The core innovation of this invention lies in its departure from the linear thinking of traditional activated carbon production, which treats tail gas as an end-of-pipe treatment. This invention creatively views tail gas as a dynamic information carrier reflecting the internal state of the activation reaction and indicating its potential as a downstream chemical feedstock. By real-time, quantitative online monitoring of key tail gas components (such as carbon monoxide and methane), this method can instantly capture subtle changes in the activation process. More importantly, this method transforms this monitoring data into a control signal with clear physical meaning, and uses this signal to precisely regulate the chemical composition of the upstream activator. This "feedback-to-front" closed-loop control strategy transforms the entire production system from a series of isolated unit operations into a self-regulating, synergistically optimized organic whole. This ensures the quality of the activated carbon product while proactively and purposefully optimizing the tail gas composition, making it more suitable for high-value resource utilization.

[0012] In a preferred embodiment, the composite activator comprises a main activator, a co-activator A, and a tunable co-catalyst P. By introducing the tunable co-catalyst P, the dynamic adjustment of the composite activator has a clearly defined target.

[0013] Accordingly, the dynamic adjustment of the composition of the composite activator in step two specifically involves adjusting the amount of the adjustable co-catalyst P added to the composite activator according to the control signal. This method allows the control command to be executed precisely. By fine-tuning the amount of co-catalyst P, not only can the activation process itself be affected, but it can also be made to enter the exhaust gas in a specific form, thus having a positive impact on downstream material conversion steps.

[0014] In a more specific implementation, in order to convert the online monitored concentration data into executable quantitative instructions, the step of generating the control signal based on the concentration in step two specifically includes: calculating the catalytic potential index I of the exhaust gas components based on the concentration of the key carbon source components. CP The calculation model is as follows:

[0015]

[0016] Among them, I CP C is the catalytic potential index of the exhaust gas component; CO (t) represents the volume concentration of carbon monoxide measured in real time; w represents the real-time measured volume concentration of methane. CO and The preset weighting coefficients are used; and the catalytic potential index I of the exhaust gas components is used. CP The control signal is generated. The index I... CPThe introduction of this technology integrates multi-dimensional gas concentration information into a single, quantitative indicator, which intuitively represents the "quality" of exhaust gas as a raw material for subsequent high-value conversion.

[0017] To achieve precise execution of closed-loop control, in one embodiment, the added mass m of the adjustable co-catalyst P is... p Determined according to the following formula:

[0018] m p =m e ·f(I CP );

[0019] Where, m p The mass of the adjustable co-catalyst P added; m e This refers to the baseline total mass of the main activator and co-activator A in the composite activator used in this batch; I CP f(I) is the catalytic potential index of the exhaust gas component; CP To characterize the ratio of the adjustable co-catalyst P to the I... CP The preset nonlinear control function.

[0020] The establishment of this control model enables the system to operate according to I. CP The system automatically and accurately calculates the optimal addition amount of catalyst P based on the changes in the catalyst, thereby achieving intelligent and automated closed-loop control.

[0021] In a preferred embodiment, to achieve high-value utilization of the exhaust gas, the method further includes the step of: introducing the exhaust gas generated in step one into a microwave catalytic reforming system for material conversion to generate carbon nanotubes. This step is the target of closed-loop regulation, that is, optimizing the exhaust gas composition through front-end regulation to maximize the yield and quality of carbon nanotubes.

[0022] In a further embodiment, after the material conversion, the method further includes the step of performing a cascade energy recovery process on the exhaust gas after the material conversion. This ensures that while achieving high-value utilization of the material, the thermal energy contained in the exhaust gas is also fully recovered, reflecting the maximization of system energy utilization efficiency.

[0023] Preferably, the cascade energy recovery includes: recovering steam using the tail gas from the high-temperature section and preheating the gas required for the activation reaction using the tail gas from the low-temperature section.

[0024] In one specific implementation, the activation temperature of the activation reaction in step one is set within a process window centered at 650°C, which helps to reduce production energy consumption.

[0025] In one specific implementation, the online monitoring described in step two is achieved by using an online gas analysis system that combines a thermal conductivity detector (TCD) and a flame ionization detector (FID) to ensure accurate and rapid quantitative analysis of different types of key carbon source components.

[0026] This invention provides a method for preparing highly adsorbent porous activated carbon. It has the following beneficial effects:

[0027] 1. Precise control and high stability of product quality are achieved. This invention uses an exhaust gas analysis module to monitor the components of the exhaust gas generated during the activation reaction online. A central control module calculates and makes decisions, which are then fed back in a closed loop to the dynamic preparation module to adjust the amount of co-catalyst added in real time. This adaptive control strategy effectively offsets the impact of batch-to-batch differences in carbon source precursors, ensuring that the final highly adsorbent porous activated carbon exhibits excellent stability and consistency in key performance indicators such as specific surface area and pore size distribution.

[0028] 2. Significantly improves the overall economic benefits and resource utilization efficiency of the system. This invention innovatively regards the exhaust gas, which is usually inefficiently utilized or directly emitted in traditional processes, as a valuable carbon source and designs a material conversion module. Through microwave catalytic reforming technology, CO and CH4 in the exhaust gas are efficiently converted into high-value-added carbon nanotubes, realizing high-value co-production of "one carbon, two uses," transforming the original environmental treatment burden into a new economic growth point.

[0029] 3. Significant reduction in system energy consumption. This invention achieves a cascaded recovery of waste heat from the high-temperature, carbon-lean tail gas after material conversion by incorporating an energy recovery module. The recovered heat energy can be used to prepare medium-pressure steam or preheat protective gases (such as nitrogen) required for the front-end activation reaction, forming an internal energy cycle within the system. This not only reduces dependence on external energy sources and directly lowers production and operating costs, but also aligns with the industrial development direction of green chemical engineering and energy conservation and emission reduction.

[0030] 4. Improved automation and intelligence in the production process. Utilizing a complete closed-loop control system comprised of a DCS central control module, online monitoring equipment, and precision execution units, this invention enables self-regulation and optimization of the production process without excessive manual intervention. This significantly reduces reliance on operator experience and skills, minimizing potential human error, and makes the entire production system more stable, reliable, and efficient.

[0031] 5. A synergistic effect is achieved, resulting in high environmental friendliness. The low-temperature activation process at the front end and the catalytic conversion process for exhaust gas at the back end of this invention are not simply connected in series, but rather designed synergistically. The front-end process stably provides the back end with "customized" high-quality feed gas, while the back end completely solves the exhaust gas pollution problem at the front end. This design maximizes the atom economy of carbon, converting pollutants into valuable products, achieving clean production and near-zero emissions of waste from the source. Attached Figure Description

[0032] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall process flow of the method for preparing highly adsorbent porous activated carbon according to the present invention;

[0033] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the core logic of the closed-loop feedback control system of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0034] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the scope of the invention.

[0035] refer to Figures 1 to 2 This invention provides a method for preparing highly adsorbent porous activated carbon. This method aims to achieve intelligent production of activated carbon and high-value utilization of exhaust gas resources by constructing a closed-loop system that integrates real-time monitoring, feedback calculation and front-end control.

[0036] The preparation method of this highly adsorption porous activated carbon may include the following steps: First, the carbon source precursor is subjected to physical and preliminary thermal treatment in the pretreatment module; then, in the dynamic preparation module, a composite activator with dynamically adjustable components is precisely prepared according to the control signal fed back from the downstream; finally, in the mixing and feeding module, the pretreated carbon source precursor and the dynamically prepared composite activator are thoroughly mixed to prepare for the subsequent activation reaction.

[0037] The first part, namely the preparation process of raw material pretreatment and dynamic composite activator, will be described in detail below.

[0038] In one specific embodiment, the carbon source precursor is first processed in the pretreatment module. Coconut shells are selected as the carbon source precursor and are mechanically crushed and screened using a standard sieve to collect particulate material with a particle size of 1-2 mm. The screened coconut shell particles are placed in a tube furnace and heated to 500°C at a heating rate of 10°C / min under a protective atmosphere of high-purity nitrogen at a flow rate of 500 ml / min. The material is then kept at this temperature for 2 hours for pre-carbonization, and then naturally cooled to room temperature with the furnace to obtain the pre-carbonized material.

[0039] Next, the composite activator is prepared in a dynamic preparation module. This module includes a basic mixing unit, a precision feeding unit, and a control interface connected to a central control system (DCS). The composite activator consists of a main activator, a co-activator A, and an adjustable co-catalyst P. In this embodiment, the main activator is analytical grade potassium hydroxide (KOH), the co-activator A is analytical grade urea (CO(NH2)2), and the adjustable co-catalyst P is analytical grade ferric nitrate (Fe(NO3)3).

[0040] In the basic mixing unit 21, potassium hydroxide and urea are first dissolved in deionized water at a mass ratio of 4:1 to prepare a homogeneous basic activator solution. Ferric nitrate, as a tunable co-catalyst P, not only has a certain influence on the pore structure during the activation process, but its pyrolysis products also exist in the tail gas in the form of aerosols or particles, playing a crucial catalytic role in the subsequent step of catalytically converting the carbon source components in the tail gas into carbon nanotubes.

[0041] One of the core aspects of this invention lies in the dynamic adjustment of the composite activator components. The control interface receives a quantified control signal from the central control system (DCS) of the subsequent process, which is directly related to the results of subsequent exhaust gas analysis. A precision feeding unit, such as a metering pump driven by a stepper motor, performs precise feeding operations based on the control signal received from the control interface.

[0042] Specifically, the precision feeding unit, based on control signal commands, pumps a pre-prepared ferric nitrate solution of a specific concentration into the base activator solution of the base mixing unit at a precisely calculated volume. The required mass m of the adjustable co-catalyst P to be added... p The following model is used to determine the model, the calculations of which are performed in the central control system (DCS), and the results are sent as commands to the control interface:

[0043] m p =m e ·f(I CP )

[0044] Where: m p The adjustable co-catalyst P to be added in this batch is the mass of ferric nitrate; m e This refers to the baseline total mass of the basic activator used in this batch, which is the sum of the masses of potassium hydroxide and urea; I CP f(I) is the catalytic potential index of exhaust gas components calculated from subsequent exhaust gas monitoring and analysis steps. CP ) is a preset nonlinear control function, which establishes I CPThe mapping relationship between the index and the optimal addition ratio of co-catalyst P is solidified in the program of the central control system (DCS) in the form of a lookup table or fitting curve.

[0045] Finally, in the mixing and feeding module, the final composite activator solution obtained after the dynamic modification steps described above is mixed with the pre-carbonized material prepared in the pretreatment module. Using an impregnation method, the pre-carbonized material is completely immersed in the composite activator solution, and stirred continuously at room temperature for 4 hours to ensure thorough and uniform impregnation. After impregnation, the mixture is removed and dried in an oven at 110°C to constant weight, yielding a homogeneous precursor material for the next activation reaction.

[0046] In one specific embodiment of the present invention, following the aforementioned raw material preparation steps, the prepared homogeneous precursor material is transferred to the activation reaction module to perform a low-temperature activation reaction and generate the target product and exhaust gas carrying key information.

[0047] The core equipment of the activation reaction module is a programmable atmosphere rotary kiln, which can precisely control the reaction temperature, heating rate, and reaction atmosphere, thereby ensuring the stability and repeatability of the activation process. The dried homogeneous precursor material obtained in the previous embodiment is uniformly filled into the reaction chamber of the rotary kiln.

[0048] Before starting the heating process, the reaction chamber is first purged. High-purity nitrogen gas at a flow rate of 1 liter per minute is introduced into the reaction chamber for 30 minutes to completely remove any residual air and create an inert environment for the activation reaction.

[0049] After atmosphere replacement is completed, the heating program is initiated. This invention employs an optimized, milder low-temperature activation scheme compared to traditional processes. Specifically, the material in the reaction chamber is heated from room temperature to 650°C at a heating rate of 20°C / minute. This activation temperature of 650°C is the center point of a process window set by this invention, significantly reducing energy consumption compared to traditional activation processes that require temperatures above 850°C. Once the temperature reaches 650°C, the system enters a isothermal phase, maintaining the activation reaction at this peak temperature for 2 hours.

[0050] During the isothermal activation stage, a vigorous chemical reaction occurs between the composite activator and the carbon matrix of the pre-carbonized material. Potassium hydroxide melts at this temperature, performing both physical and chemical etching on the carbon matrix; simultaneously, gases such as ammonia produced by urea decomposition also contribute to pore formation and modification of the carbon structure. This series of complex reactions ultimately forms porous activated carbon with a high specific surface area and abundant microporous structure on the carbon matrix.

[0051] During the activation reaction, a large amount of gaseous products, i.e., tail gas, are discharged from the exhaust port of the rotary kiln. These tail gases are direct products of the activation reaction, and their components include not only combustible carbon source components such as carbon monoxide (CO), methane (CH4), and hydrogen (H2), but also iron-based particles or aerosols generated by the pyrolysis of a controllable co-catalyst P (in this embodiment, ferric nitrate) at high temperatures or its reaction with carbon. These tail gases are the key link connecting the two ends of the process of this invention.

[0052] After the isothermal activation stage, heating is stopped, and the material is cooled to room temperature with the furnace under continuous nitrogen protection. After cooling, the solid product, namely crude activated carbon, is removed from the reaction chamber. Meanwhile, the exhaust gas continuously generated throughout the activation process is guided to the product separation module through a sealed pipeline.

[0053] In the product separation module, a built-in cyclone separator first separates and collects larger carbon powder or activator dust particles entrained in the exhaust gas stream. The exhaust gas, after preliminary dust removal, is then guided to the subsequent online monitoring and resource utilization unit. The resulting crude activated carbon is sent to the post-processing unit, where it undergoes hot water washing and dilute acid washing to remove residual inorganic salts and ash. Finally, it is washed again until neutral and dried at 120°C to obtain the final product: highly adsorbent porous activated carbon.

[0054] In a core technical aspect of this invention, the exhaust gas generated during the aforementioned activation reaction is monitored online and controlled via closed-loop feedback. This part is crucial for achieving the intelligent and adaptive regulation described in this invention, and its specific implementation is accomplished through a system integrating an exhaust gas analysis module and a central control module.

[0055] The exhaust gas from the product separation module is first introduced into the exhaust gas analysis module. To ensure the accuracy of the analytical results and the stable operation of the instrument, the exhaust gas undergoes a sophisticated pretreatment unit before entering the core analyzer. This pretreatment unit includes, in sequence, a serpentine tube condenser to cool the high-temperature exhaust gas to room temperature and remove most of the water vapor and condensable substances; followed by a drying tube filled with anhydrous calcium chloride to further remove residual moisture from the exhaust gas; and finally, a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) filter membrane with a pore size of 0.22 micrometers to filter out any fine particulate matter that may damage the analytical equipment.

[0056] The pretreated clean exhaust gas sample is continuously fed into an online gas chromatograph equipped with dual detectors. In this embodiment, the gas chromatograph is equipped with a packed column for separating gas components and two detectors connected in parallel: a thermal conductivity detector (TCD) and a flame ionization detector (FID). The thermal conductivity detector responds to most gases except the carrier gas and is mainly used in this system for accurate quantification of carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrogen (H2); while the flame ionization detector has extremely high sensitivity to hydrocarbons and is therefore specifically used for high-precision quantitative analysis of methane (CH4). The gas chromatograph is set to complete a full injection, separation, and detection analysis cycle every 3 minutes, thereby achieving near real-time continuous monitoring of the concentrations of key components in the exhaust gas.

[0057] The central control module, or DCS system, is the hub of the entire closed-loop feedback control. This module receives real-time volumetric concentration data of each component, including C, from the gas chromatograph output by the exhaust gas analysis module via a data interface. CO (t) and

[0058] Upon receiving the raw concentration data, the core algorithm of the central control module begins operation. First, based on a pre-set mathematical model, it integrates the multi-dimensional concentration data into a single, quantitatively meaningful index—the exhaust gas component catalytic potential index I. CP The index is calculated using the following formula:

[0059]

[0060] Among them: I CP The calculated catalytic potential index for exhaust gas components is dimensionless, and its value directly reflects the overall value or potential of the exhaust gas as a raw material for downstream carbon nanotube synthesis; C CO (t) represents the volume concentration of carbon monoxide measured in real time by a gas chromatograph at time point t; w represents the volume concentration of methane measured in real time by a gas chromatograph at time point t; CO and These are the weighting coefficients for carbon monoxide and methane, respectively. These two coefficients are empirical constants derived from extensive preliminary experimental data. Their values ​​are primarily determined based on the selectivity and conversion efficiency of different carbon source gases (CO or CH4) for the formation of carbon nanotubes with specific structures (e.g., diameter, wall number) in the subsequent microwave-catalyzed reforming reaction. For example, if the target product is more dependent on CO as a carbon source, then w CO The value will be relatively large.

[0061] Calculate I CPFollowing the index, the central control module immediately initiates feedback control logic. The core of this logic is to call a preset nonlinear control function f(I). CP In this embodiment, the function is specifically implemented as a lookup table stored in the DCS memory. This lookup table defines in detail the I... CP The optimal adjustable co-catalyst P addition ratio factor corresponding to different numerical ranges of the index. For example, when I CP When the value is lower than the preset ideal value, the lookup table will output a larger scaling factor, and the instruction front end will increase the amount of co-catalyst P to improve the subsequent exhaust gas quality; conversely, it will output a smaller scaling factor. Finally, the central control module will compare the scaling factor obtained from the lookup table with the reference mass m of the basic activator for that batch. e Multiply by this to calculate the precise amount (m) of the adjustable co-catalyst P that needs to be added in the next batch or stage. p Modify the computational structure m p This signal is converted into a standard electrical signal command and sent via the control interface to the precision feeding unit in the dynamic preparation module described in Part One. Thus, a complete closed-loop process is achieved, from real-time monitoring of exhaust gas components to quantitative evaluation and precise control of the front-end activator formulation.

[0062] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the exhaust gas, after being processed by the exhaust gas analysis module, is guided to a resource utilization system that integrates high-value material conversion and energy cascade recovery. This system aims to maximize the chemical and thermal energy value contained in the exhaust gas and is the final stage of the complete process chain of the present invention.

[0063] This resource utilization system comprises a material conversion module, an energy recovery module, and an end-of-pipe purification module. The main stream of exhaust gas drawn from the exhaust gas analysis module first enters the material conversion module. The core equipment of this module is a microwave catalytic reforming reactor. This reactor consists of a 2.45 GHz microwave generator, a rectangular waveguide, a single-mode resonant cavity, and a quartz reaction tube positioned at the center of the resonant cavity. The quartz reaction tube is pre-filled with a composite catalyst supported on magnesium oxide (MgO) and loaded with iron (Fe) and molybdenum (Mo).

[0064] When the exhaust gas carrying carbon monoxide and methane flows through the catalyst bed at a set gas hourly space velocity (GHSV), the microwave generator is activated, producing 1 kW of microwave power. Under the selective and efficient heating effect of the microwave field, the catalyst bed is rapidly heated and maintained at a reaction temperature of 700°C. Notably, the iron-based microparticles generated by the pyrolysis of the controllable co-catalyst P, which enter with the exhaust gas from the activation reaction stage, will now deposit on the surface of the catalyst bed or act as nucleation sites in the gas phase, synergistically working with the supported catalyst to catalyze the cracking and recombination reactions of carbon monoxide and methane. Under these conditions, the carbon source components in the exhaust gas are efficiently converted into solid carbon nanotubes, which are then deposited and collected at the downstream cold end of the reaction tube.

[0065] After completing the material conversion, the exhaust gas, now lean carbon gas, leaves the material conversion module at a high temperature and immediately enters the energy recovery module. The energy recovery module is designed as a cascade utilization structure. First, the high-temperature lean carbon exhaust gas at approximately 700°C enters a waste heat boiler, where it transfers heat to the softened water within the boiler through heat exchange, generating medium-pressure steam at a pressure of 1.0 MPa. This steam is then integrated into the plant's main steam network. After passing through the waste heat boiler, the exhaust gas temperature drops to approximately 300°C.

[0066] Subsequently, the mesophilic tail gas is guided to a shell-and-tube heat exchanger. In this heat exchanger, the mesophilic tail gas flows on the shell side, while the ambient-temperature high-purity nitrogen gas from the storage tank, destined for the activation reaction module, undergoes countercurrent heat exchange on the tube side. Through this two-stage heat exchange, the tail gas transfers the vast majority of its remaining heat to the nitrogen gas, significantly preheating it and thus drastically reducing the heating energy required for the activation reaction module. After passing through the heat exchanger, the tail gas's temperature finally drops to approximately 150°C.

[0067] Finally, the low-temperature exhaust gas, after two stages of energy recovery, is sent to the end-of-pipe purification module for final harmless treatment. The exhaust gas first enters a regenerative thermal oxidizer (RTO), where any remaining trace combustible components are completely oxidized into carbon dioxide and water in the high-temperature ceramic regenerator environment. The gas discharged from the RTO then passes through a bag filter to capture any fine particulate matter that may be present. After this series of treatments, the gas finally discharged into the atmosphere meets all relevant national emission standards for all pollutants, completing the closed loop of the entire process.

[0068] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A method for producing a high-adsorption porous activated carbon, characterized by, The method comprises the following steps: Step 1: mixing a carbon source precursor with a composite activating agent to perform an activation reaction, to obtain activated carbon and tail gas containing carbon source components; Step 2: on-line monitoring the concentration of key carbon source components in the tail gas, and dynamically adjusting the components of the composite activating agent used for the activation reaction according to the control signal generated based on the monitoring result, to form a process closed loop.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein, The composite activating agent comprises a main activating agent, an auxiliary activating agent A, and a controllable auxiliary catalyst P.

3. The method of claim 2, wherein, In step 2, the components of the composite activating agent are dynamically adjusted, specifically, the addition amount of the controllable auxiliary catalyst P in the composite activating agent is adjusted according to the control signal.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein, The step of generating the regulation signal according to the concentration in step two, specifically comprises: calculating a tail gas component catalytic potential index I according to the concentration of the key carbon source component CP ; wherein I CP is the tail gas component catalytic potential index; C CO (t) is the volume concentration of carbon monoxide measured in real time; (t) is the volume concentration of methane measured in real time; w CO and is a preset weight coefficient; and based on the tail gas component catalytic potential index I CP generating the control signal.

5. The method according to claims 3 and 4, characterized in that, The addition mass m of the controllable promoter P p is determined according to the following formula: m p = m e · f(I CP ); wherein m p is the added mass of the controllable promoter P; m e is the reference total mass of the main activator and the activator A in the composite activator used in this batch; I CP is the catalytic potential index of the tail gas component; f(I CP ) is a preset nonlinear control function representing the relationship between the added proportion of the controllable promoter P and the I CP .

6. The method of claim 1, wherein, The method further comprises the following steps: The tail gas generated in step 1 is introduced into a microwave catalytic reforming system to perform material conversion, to generate carbon nanotubes.

7. The method of claim 6, wherein, After the material conversion, the method further comprises the following steps: The tail gas after the material conversion is subjected to gradient energy recovery.

8. The method of claim 7, wherein, The gradient energy recovery comprises recovering steam by using high-temperature section tail gas, and preheating the gas required for the activation reaction by using low-temperature section tail gas.

9. The method of claim 1, wherein, In step 1, the activation temperature of the activation reaction is set in a process window centered at 650℃.

10. The method of claim 1, wherein, In step 2, the on-line monitoring is realized by using an on-line gas analysis system in which a thermal conductivity detector (TCD) is combined with a flame ionization detector (FID).

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