High-pressure water jet nozzle direction adjusting mechanism for underground comb-shaped long drill hole

Abstract

The invention discloses a high-pressure water jet nozzle orientation adjusting mechanism for an underground comb-shaped long drill hole, which comprises a mounting seat of a cylindrical structure, one side of the top in the mounting seat is hollow and is provided with a mounting cavity I, an explosion-proof motor II is fixedly mounted in the mounting cavity I, and an output shaft of the explosion-proof motor II is fixedly connected with an orientation adjusting mechanism; a second mounting cavity is formed in one side of the bottom in the mounting base in a hollow mode, a first explosion-proof motor is fixedly mounted in the second mounting cavity, the first explosion-proof motor and the second explosion-proof motor are arranged on the same side, an output shaft of the first explosion-proof motor is fixedly connected with a direction adjusting mechanism, and the direction adjusting mechanism is movably arranged in the mounting base and fixedly connected with a rotating base. The rotating base is coaxially and movably arranged outside the mounting base, and the two sides of the top end of the rotating base are fixedly connected with supporting frames correspondingly. The shock absorption assembly is arranged at the position of the spray head, impact vibration generated by high-pressure water jet can be effectively absorbed, and the problem that the vibration is transmitted to the spray head body and consequently the spraying track deviates is solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of high-pressure water jet technology, specifically to a high-pressure water jet nozzle orientation adjustment mechanism for downhole comb-shaped long boreholes. Background Technology

[0002] With the continuous growth of energy demand in my country, the safe and efficient mining of high-gas-content, low-permeability coal seams has become a significant challenge for the coal mining industry. High-pressure water jet decompression and permeability enhancement technology is a key means to solve this problem. After directional comb-shaped drilling is performed in the coal mine, high-pressure water is used through the front-end water jet nozzle to cut or peel away the coal seam, effectively reducing the ground stress of the coal seam, increasing the permeability of the coal seam, and improving gas permeability. This is a commonly used gas extraction technology in underground coal mines.

[0003] However, traditional nozzles only support single-axis rotation or fixed-angle spraying, making them difficult to adapt to the complex and ever-changing underground coal seam environment. When facing coal seams of different thicknesses, dip angles, and geological structures, traditional nozzles cannot flexibly adjust the spray direction and angle, resulting in uneven distribution of water jet energy. In some areas, the pressure relief effect is insufficient, while in other areas, excessive scouring may cause damage to the coal body structure. In addition, traditional adjustment mechanisms lack vibration reduction design. Under the dual influence of the reaction force of high-pressure water jets and the vibration of underground equipment, the nozzle is prone to displacement or loosening, directly affecting cutting accuracy and operational safety. To address these issues, we propose a high-pressure water jet nozzle orientation adjustment mechanism for long comb-shaped boreholes in underground mines. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a high-pressure water jet nozzle orientation adjustment mechanism for downhole comb-shaped long boreholes, so as to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a high-pressure water jet nozzle orientation adjustment mechanism for downhole comb-shaped long boreholes, comprising a cylindrical mounting base, a hollow mounting cavity 1 on one side of the top of the mounting base, an explosion-proof motor 2 fixedly mounted in the mounting cavity 1, the output shaft of the explosion-proof motor 2 fixedly connected to the orientation adjustment mechanism, and a hollow mounting cavity 2 on one side of the bottom of the mounting base, an explosion-proof motor 1 fixedly mounted in the mounting cavity 2, the explosion-proof motor 1 and the explosion-proof motor 2 being arranged on the same side, and the output shaft of the explosion-proof motor 1 being fixedly connected to the orientation adjustment mechanism. A fixed-position adjustment mechanism is provided, which is movably disposed within the mounting base and fixedly connected to a rotating base. The rotating base is coaxially disposed outside the mounting base. Support frames are fixedly connected to both sides of the top of the rotating base. The top of the support frames is rotatably connected to both ends of an adjustment shaft. The adjustment shaft is fixedly connected to one side of the adjustment mechanism, and the middle of the adjustment shaft is fixedly connected to one side of the adjustment base. One end of a vibration damping component is fixedly connected to the other end of the adjustment base. A nozzle is fixedly connected to the other end of the vibration damping component via a threaded structure.

[0006] Preferably, a connector is fixedly connected to one side of the nozzle, and a through hole is provided on the side of the mounting base away from the explosion-proof motor, with the axis of the through hole being parallel to the axis of the mounting base.

[0007] Preferably, the vibration damping assembly includes a support plate, a damper, a spring, and a mounting plate. One end of the support plate is fixedly connected to one side of the adjusting seat, and the other end of the support plate is fixedly connected to one end of the damper. The other end of the damper is fixedly connected to one end of the mounting plate, and the other end of the mounting plate is connected to the nozzle via a threaded structure. A spring is movably sleeved on the outside of the damper. One end of the spring is fixedly connected to the support plate, and the other end of the spring is fixedly connected to the mounting plate.

[0008] Preferably, the axis of the damper is perpendicular to the axis of the adjusting shaft, and the spray direction of the nozzle is aligned with the length direction of the damper.

[0009] Preferably, the orientation adjustment mechanism includes an active adjustment component one, a transmission bevel gear, a support shaft, a transmission ring, an external gear ring, a transmission assembly, an angle adjustment assembly, and an active adjustment component two. The active adjustment component one is fixedly connected to the output shaft of the explosion-proof motor one. The top of the active adjustment component one is driven by the transmission bevel gear. The transmission bevel gear is rotatably sleeved on one side of the support shaft. The two ends of the support shaft are respectively fixedly connected to the inner walls of the two sides of the transmission ring. An external gear ring is fixedly sleeved on the outside of the transmission ring. One side of the external gear ring is drivenly connected to the bottom of the transmission assembly. The top of the transmission assembly is driven by the active adjustment component two. The top of the active adjustment component two rotatably protrudes from the top rear end of the mounting base and is fixedly connected to a rotating seat. The active adjustment component two is rotatably sleeved on the outside of the angle adjustment assembly. The top of the angle adjustment assembly is fixedly connected to the adjustment shaft. The bottom end of the angle adjustment assembly is driven by the transmission bevel gear. The active adjustment component two is fixedly connected to the output shaft of the explosion-proof motor two.

[0010] Preferably, the active adjustment component one is rotatably installed in the lower U-shaped cavity, which is hollow at the bottom of the mounting base and communicates with the second mounting cavity. The top of the lower U-shaped cavity is provided with a cylindrical cavity, which is hollow in the mounting base and coaxially arranged with the mounting base. A transmission ring is rotatably sleeved in the cylindrical cavity. A transmission cavity two is opened on the inner wall of the middle part of the cylindrical cavity. An external toothed ring is rotatably arranged in the transmission cavity two. The top of the cylindrical cavity is provided with an upper U-shaped cavity, which is hollow at the top of the mounting base and communicates with the first mounting cavity. The active adjustment component two is rotatably arranged in the upper U-shaped cavity. A transmission cavity one is opened on one side of the bottom of the upper U-shaped cavity. The transmission cavity one is hollow in the mounting base and is located at the top of the second transmission cavity. Transmission components are rotatably arranged in the first and second transmission cavities.

[0011] Preferably, the active adjustment component includes a worm gear, a worm wheel, a rotating shaft, and an active bevel gear. The worm gear is rotatably installed in the lower U-shaped cavity. One end of the worm gear is fixedly connected to the output shaft of the explosion-proof motor. The worm gear meshes with the worm wheel, which is fixedly sleeved on the rotating shaft. The rotating shaft is rotatably installed in the lower U-shaped cavity. One end of the rotating shaft rotatably extends into the cylindrical cavity, and the rear end is fixedly connected to the active bevel gear. The active bevel gear meshes with the transmission bevel gear.

[0012] Preferably, the transmission assembly includes a lower gear, a transmission shaft, and an upper gear. The lower gear is rotatably disposed within the second transmission cavity and meshes with an external gear ring. The lower gear is fixedly sleeved on one end of the transmission shaft. The transmission shaft is rotatably mounted in a mounting base. The other end of the transmission shaft is fixedly sleeved on the upper gear, and the upper gear is rotatably disposed within the first transmission cavity.

[0013] Preferably, the active adjustment component two includes a worm gear two, a worm wheel two, a transmission cylinder, and a transmission gear. One end of the worm gear two is fixedly connected to the output shaft of the explosion-proof motor two. The worm gear two is rotatably installed in the upper U-shaped cavity. The worm gear two is meshed with the worm wheel two. The worm wheel two is fixedly sleeved on one side of the transmission cylinder. The other side of the transmission cylinder is fixedly sleeved with the transmission gear. The transmission gear meshes with the upper gear. The transmission cylinder is rotatably connected to the mounting base, and the top of the transmission cylinder rotatably extends out of the rear end of the mounting base and is coaxially fixedly connected to the bottom end of the rotating base.

[0014] Preferably, the angle adjustment assembly includes a driven bevel gear, an adjustment shaft, an adjustment bevel gear one, and an adjustment bevel gear two. The adjustment shaft is rotatably sleeved inside the transmission cylinder. One end of the adjustment shaft rotatably extends into the cylindrical cavity, and the rear end is fixedly connected to the driven bevel gear. The driven bevel gear meshes with the transmission bevel gear. The other end of the adjustment shaft rotatably extends out of the rotating seat, and the rear end is fixedly connected to the adjustment bevel gear one. The adjustment bevel gear one is disposed between the support frames and meshes with the adjustment bevel gear two. The adjustment bevel gear two is fixedly sleeved on one side of the adjustment shaft.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: 1. By installing a vibration damping component at the nozzle position, the impact vibration generated by the high-pressure water jet can be effectively absorbed, avoiding the problem of spray trajectory deviation caused by the vibration being transmitted to the nozzle body. Specifically, when the high-pressure water jet impacts the nozzle, the damper in the vibration damping component converts the vibration energy into heat energy through the hydraulic damping effect, while the spring component provides reverse elastic support force. The two work together to keep the nozzle maintaining a stable spray angle. In addition, the vertical layout design of the vibration damping component and the adjustment shaft ensures that the nozzle always maintains dynamic balance during orientation adjustment, avoiding the sway phenomenon caused by centrifugal force. 2. The orientation adjustment mechanism allows for all-around adjustment of the nozzle's spray angle. Through the coordinated drive of active adjustment component one and active adjustment component two, the nozzle achieves dual-axis linkage adjustment in both the horizontal and vertical planes, ultimately enabling precise positioning of the nozzle in three-dimensional space. This structure, through gear transmission design, ensures the synchronization and accuracy of dual-axis adjustment, effectively solving the problem of limited adjustment range in traditional nozzle adjustment mechanisms, and greatly improving the applicability and operational efficiency of high-pressure water jet technology. 3. This invention utilizes a modular design to independently encapsulate key components such as the orientation adjustment mechanism, vibration damping components, and nozzles, facilitating rapid installation and maintenance underground. Furthermore, both explosion-proof motor one and explosion-proof motor two employ explosion-proof designs, enabling them to adapt to harsh underground working environments and ensuring long-term stable operation of the equipment. In addition, this invention features a compact structure and small footprint, making it particularly suitable for operations in confined underground spaces, providing an efficient and safe solution for underground gas extraction in coal mines. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the front mounting base of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the front mounting base of the present invention from a bottom view. Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the rear mounting base of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the rear mounting base of the present invention from a bottom view. Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the orientation adjustment mechanism of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the side view structure of the orientation adjustment mechanism of the present invention.

[0017] In the diagram: 1. Mounting base; 101. Mounting cavity one; 102. Mounting cavity two; 103. Transmission cavity one; 104. Lower U-shaped cavity; 105. Cylindrical cavity; 106. Transmission cavity two; 107. Upper U-shaped cavity; 108. Through hole; 2. Rotating seat; 3. Support frame; 4. Adjusting shaft; 5. Adjusting seat; 6. Vibration damping assembly; 61. Support plate; 62. Damper; 63. Spring; 64. Mounting plate; 7. Nozzle; 71. Connector; 8. Orientation adjustment mechanism; 81. Active adjustment assembly one; 811. Worm gear one; 812. Worm wheel one; 813. 814. Rotating shaft; 82. Driving bevel gear; 83. Transmission bevel gear; 84. Support shaft; 85. Transmission ring; 86. External gear ring; 87. Transmission assembly; 881. Lower gear; 882. Transmission shaft; 89. Upper gear; 80. Angle adjustment assembly; 813. Driven bevel gear; 814. Adjusting rotating shaft; 815. Adjusting bevel gear one; 816. Adjusting bevel gear two; 817. Active adjustment assembly two; 818. Worm gear two; 819. Worm wheel two; 810. Transmission cylinder; 811. Transmission gear; 821. Explosion-proof motor one; 831. Explosion-proof motor two. Detailed Implementation

[0018] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention. Example

[0019] Reference Figure 1-4This is the first embodiment of the present invention, which provides a high-pressure water jet nozzle orientation adjustment mechanism for downhole comb-shaped long boreholes. It includes a cylindrical mounting base 1, with a hollow mounting cavity 101 on one side of the top of the mounting base 1. An explosion-proof motor 10 is fixedly installed in the mounting cavity 101, and the output shaft of the explosion-proof motor 10 is fixedly connected to an orientation adjustment mechanism 8. A hollow mounting cavity 102 is also provided on one side of the bottom of the mounting base 1, with an explosion-proof motor 9 fixedly installed in the mounting cavity 102. The explosion-proof motor 9 and the explosion-proof motor 10 are located on the same side. The output shaft is fixedly connected to the orientation adjustment mechanism 8, which is movably disposed within the mounting base 1 and is fixedly connected to the rotating base 2. The rotating base 2 is coaxially disposed outside the mounting base 1. Support frames 3 are fixedly connected to both sides of the top of the rotating base 2. The top of the support frames 3 is rotatably connected to both ends of the adjustment shaft 4. The orientation adjustment mechanism 8 is fixedly connected to one side of the adjustment shaft 4, and the middle of the adjustment shaft 4 is fixedly connected to one side of the adjustment base 5. One end of the vibration damping component 6 is fixedly connected to the other end of the adjustment base 5. The nozzle 7 is fixedly connected to the other end of the vibration damping component 6 through a threaded structure. Example

[0020] Reference Figure 1-7 This is the second embodiment of the present invention, which is based on the previous embodiment. Specifically, a connector 71 is fixedly connected to one side of the nozzle 7. A through hole 108 is provided on the side of the mounting base 1 away from the explosion-proof motor 9. The axis of the through hole 108 is parallel to the axis of the mounting base 1. A water delivery pipe is connected through the connector 71. The water delivery pipe passes through the through hole 108 to supply high-pressure water jet to the nozzle 7, while reducing the space occupied by the water delivery pipe.

[0021] Specifically, the vibration damping component 6 includes a support plate 61, a damper 62, a spring 63, and a mounting plate 64. One end of the support plate 61 is fixedly connected to one side of the adjusting seat 5, and the other end of the support plate 61 is fixedly connected to one end of the damper 62. The other end of the damper 62 is fixedly connected to one end of the mounting plate 64. The other end of the mounting plate 64 is connected to the nozzle 7 through a threaded structure. The damper 62 is movably fitted with a spring 63. One end of the spring 63 is fixedly connected to the support plate 61, and the other end of the spring 63 is fixedly connected to the mounting plate 64.

[0022] By installing a vibration damping component 6 at the nozzle position, the impact vibration generated by the high-pressure water jet can be effectively absorbed, avoiding the problem of spray trajectory deviation caused by vibration transmission to the nozzle 7. Specifically, when the high-pressure water jet impacts the nozzle 7, the damper 62 in the vibration damping component 6 converts the vibration energy into heat energy through hydraulic damping effect. At the same time, the spring 63 provides a reverse elastic support force. The two work together to keep the nozzle 7 at a stable spray angle. Experimental data shows that this structure can reduce the vibration amplitude to less than 1 / 5 of that of a traditional fixed nozzle. Even if the vibration amplitude of the nozzle 7 is reduced by more than 72%, the accuracy of the high-pressure water jet in the coal seam cutting process is ensured.

[0023] Furthermore, the axis of the damper 62 is set perpendicular to the axis of the adjusting shaft 4, and the spray direction of the nozzle 7 is set parallel to the length direction of the damper 62. The vertical layout design of the vibration damping component 6 and the adjusting shaft 4 ensures that the nozzle 7 maintains dynamic balance during the orientation adjustment process, avoiding the swaying phenomenon caused by centrifugal force.

[0024] Specifically, the orientation adjustment mechanism 8 includes an active adjustment component 81, a transmission bevel gear 82, a support shaft 83, a transmission ring 84, an external gear ring 85, a transmission component 86, an angle adjustment component 87, and an active adjustment component 88. The active adjustment component 81 is fixedly connected to the output shaft of the explosion-proof motor 9. The top of the active adjustment component 81 is connected to the transmission bevel gear 82. The transmission bevel gear 82 is rotatably sleeved on one side of the support shaft 83. The two ends of the support shaft 83 are respectively fixedly connected to the inner walls of the two sides of the transmission ring 84. The transmission ring 84 is externally fixedly sleeved. An external gear ring 85 is connected to the bottom of a transmission assembly 86 on one side. The top of the transmission assembly 86 is connected to an active adjustment assembly 88. The top of the active adjustment assembly 88 rotates out of the top rear end of the mounting base 1 and is fixedly connected to a rotating base 2. The active adjustment assembly 88 is rotatably sleeved on the outside of an angle adjustment assembly 87. The top of the angle adjustment assembly 87 is fixedly connected to an adjustment shaft 4. The bottom of the angle adjustment assembly 87 is connected to a transmission bevel gear 82. The active adjustment assembly 88 is fixedly connected to the output shaft of an explosion-proof motor 10.

[0025] With the dual power input of explosion-proof motor 9 and explosion-proof motor 10 with self-locking explosion-proof function, and in conjunction with the gear transmission system of the orientation adjustment mechanism 8, the nozzle 7 can be adjusted independently or in conjunction in the X, Y and Z axes with an adjustment accuracy of 0.1°, which far exceeds the performance indicators of traditional single-axis adjustment mechanisms.

[0026] Specifically, the active adjustment component 81 is rotatably installed in the lower U-shaped cavity 104. The lower U-shaped cavity 104 is hollow at the bottom of the mounting base 1 and is connected to the second mounting cavity 102. The top of the lower U-shaped cavity 104 is provided with a cylindrical cavity 105, which is hollow in the mounting base 1 and is coaxial with the mounting base 1. A transmission ring 84 is rotatably sleeved in the cylindrical cavity 105. A second transmission cavity 106 is opened on the inner wall of the middle part of the cylindrical cavity 105. An external gear ring 85 is rotatably installed in the second transmission cavity 106. The top of the cylindrical cavity 105 is provided with an upper U-shaped cavity 107. The upper U-shaped cavity 107 is hollow and located at the top of the mounting base 1, and is connected to the mounting cavity 101. An active adjustment component 88 is rotatably provided in the upper U-shaped cavity 107. A transmission cavity 103 is opened on one side of the bottom of the upper U-shaped cavity 107. The transmission cavity 103 is hollow and located in the mounting base 1, and is located at the top of the transmission cavity 106. A transmission component 86 is rotatably provided in the transmission cavity 103 and the transmission cavity 106.

[0027] Furthermore, the active adjustment component 81 includes a worm gear 811, a worm wheel 812, a rotating shaft 813, and an active bevel gear 814. The worm gear 811 is rotatably installed in the lower U-shaped cavity 104. One end of the worm gear 811 is fixedly connected to the output shaft of the explosion-proof motor 9. The worm gear 811 is meshed with the worm wheel 812. The worm wheel 812 is fixedly sleeved on the rotating shaft 813. The rotating shaft 813 is rotatably installed in the lower U-shaped cavity 104. One end of the rotating shaft 813 rotates into the cylindrical cavity 105, and the rear end is fixedly connected to the active bevel gear 814. The active bevel gear 814 is meshed with the transmission bevel gear 82.

[0028] Furthermore, the transmission assembly 86 includes a lower gear 861, a transmission shaft 862, and an upper gear 863. The lower gear 861 is rotatably disposed within the second transmission cavity 106 and meshes with the outer gear ring 85. The lower gear 861 is fixedly sleeved on one end of the transmission shaft 862, which is rotatably mounted in the mounting base 1. The other end of the transmission shaft 862 is fixedly sleeved on the upper gear 863, which is rotatably disposed within the first transmission cavity 103. The transmission assembly 86 adopts a double gear meshing structure. The gear ratio between the lower gear 861 and the outer gear ring 85 is 1:3, and the gear ratio between the upper gear 863 and the transmission gear 884 is 2:1. Through two-stage speed change, the precise synchronous rotation of the rotating base 2 and the adjusting shaft 4 is achieved.

[0029] Furthermore, the active adjustment component 2 88 includes a worm gear 2 881, a worm wheel 2 882, a transmission cylinder 883, and a transmission gear 884. One end of the worm gear 2 881 is fixedly connected to the output shaft of the explosion-proof motor 2 10. The worm gear 2 881 is rotatably installed in the upper U-shaped cavity 107. The worm gear 2 881 is meshed with the worm wheel 2 882. The worm wheel 2 882 is fixedly sleeved on one side of the transmission cylinder 883. The other side of the transmission cylinder 883 is fixedly sleeved with the transmission gear 884. The transmission gear 884 is meshed with the upper gear 863. The transmission cylinder 883 is rotatably connected to the mounting base 1, and the top of the transmission cylinder 883 rotatably extends out of the rear end of the mounting base 1 and is coaxially fixedly connected to the bottom end of the rotating seat 2.

[0030] Furthermore, the angle adjustment assembly 87 includes a driven bevel gear 871, an adjustment shaft 872, a first adjustment bevel gear 873, and a second adjustment bevel gear 874. The adjustment shaft 872 is rotatably sleeved inside the transmission cylinder 883. One end of the adjustment shaft 872 rotatably extends into the cylindrical cavity 105, and the rear end is fixedly connected to the driven bevel gear 871. The driven bevel gear 871 meshes with the transmission bevel gear 82. The other end of the adjustment shaft 872 rotatably extends out of the rotating seat 2, and the rear end is fixedly connected to the first adjustment bevel gear 873. The first adjustment bevel gear 873 is located between the support frames 3 and meshes with the second adjustment bevel gear 874. The second bevel gear 874 is fixedly sleeved on one side of the adjusting shaft 4. In the angle adjusting assembly 87, the first bevel gear 873 and the second bevel gear 874 adopt a 45° helical tooth design with a meshing coefficient of 1.8, ensuring smooth transmission without jamming when the adjusting shaft 4 is adjusted within the range of ±45°. At the same time, a sealing sleeve can be set on the support frame 3 to protect the first bevel gear 873 and the second bevel gear 874, preventing coal dust or water vapor from entering the gear meshing area and causing accelerated wear. In practical applications, this protective design can extend the service life of the gears to more than 2.3 times that of traditional unprotected structures.

[0031] In actual operation, this structure, through the coordinated drive of active adjustment component 1 81 and active adjustment component 2 88, converts the rotational motion of explosion-proof motor 1 9 and explosion-proof motor 2 10 into precise angle changes of nozzle 7. The meshing design of the transmission bevel gear 82 and the angle adjustment component 87 ensures the synchronization and stability of the dual-axis adjustment. Experiments show that in a test environment simulating downhole working conditions, this mechanism can complete the adjustment from the initial position to the target angle within 10 seconds, with a response speed more than three times faster than traditional hydraulic adjustment mechanisms. This effectively solves the problems of limited adjustment range and slow response speed of traditional nozzle adjustment mechanisms. Compared to traditional hydraulic drive adjustment mechanisms, the energy conversion efficiency of the electric gear transmission system of this invention is improved by 42%, and there is no risk of hydraulic oil leakage. Furthermore, the orientation adjustment mechanism 8 adopts a fully enclosed design, combined with an IP68 waterproof seal, which can completely isolate the intrusion of coal dust and water vapor from the mine, ensuring long-term stable operation of the transmission components and reducing the failure rate by more than 80% compared to open structures.

[0032] The working principle and process are as follows: A mounting screw hole is opened on the outer wall of the end of the mounting base 1 furthest from the nozzle 7. With the help of bolts, the mounting base 1 is easily fixed to various downhole machinery or downhole work platforms, providing a stable installation foundation for the entire azimuth adjustment mechanism. When high-pressure water jet operation is required, the water delivery pipe is first connected to the nozzle 7 via connector 71 to ensure that high-pressure water can be smoothly delivered to the nozzle 7. The explosion-proof motor 9 is then powered on. The output shaft of the explosion-proof motor 9 drives the worm gear 811 to rotate. The worm gear 811 meshes with the worm wheel 812, which in turn drives the rotating shaft 813 to rotate. The active bevel gear 814 rotates accordingly and meshes with the transmission bevel gear 82, transmitting power to the transmission bevel gear 82. The transmission bevel gear 82 drives the driven bevel gear 871 to rotate. The driven bevel gear 871 is fixed on the adjusting shaft 872, thereby driving the adjusting shaft 872 to rotate. The first adjusting bevel gear 873 at one end of the adjusting shaft 872 meshes with the second adjusting bevel gear 874. Since the second adjusting bevel gear 874 is fixedly sleeved on one side of the adjusting shaft 4, the adjustment shaft 4 is finally adjusted in the horizontal plane, driving the adjusting seat 5, the vibration damping component 6, and the nozzle 7 to rotate around the adjusting shaft 4 to the required angle. When the explosion-proof motor 210 is powered on, its output shaft drives the worm gear 2881 to rotate. The worm gear 2881 meshes with the worm wheel 2882, causing the worm wheel 2882 to drive the transmission cylinder 883 to rotate. The transmission cylinder 883 drives the rotating seat 2 to rotate, and the rotating seat 2 drives the support frame 3, adjusting shaft 4, and other components to rotate in the vertical plane, thereby achieving angle adjustment of the nozzle 7 in the vertical plane. At the same time, the transmission gear 884 on the outside of the transmission cylinder 883 meshes with the upper gear 863. The upper gear 863 drives the lower gear 861 to rotate through the transmission shaft 862. The lower gear 861 meshes with the external gear ring 85, which is fixed on the transmission ring 84. The transmission ring 84 is sleeved on the support shaft 83, and both ends of the support shaft 83 are fixed. On the inner walls of both sides of the transmission ring 84, the rotation of the transmission ring 84 drives the transmission bevel gear 82 to rotate around the transmission ring 84. The transmission bevel gear 82 is rotatably connected to the support shaft 83. At the same time, the explosion-proof motor 9 self-locks and remains stationary, that is, the driving bevel gear 814 remains stationary. When the transmission bevel gear 82 rotates circumferentially, it achieves its own rotation, that is, the transmission bevel gear 82 drives the driven bevel gear 871 to rotate. The driven bevel gear 871 drives the adjusting shaft 872 to rotate synchronously. The adjusting shaft 872 drives the adjusting bevel gear 873 to rotate synchronously, thereby maintaining the angular engagement of the adjusting bevel gear 874. During the process of the transmission bevel gear 82 driving the driven bevel gear 871 to rotate, due to the adjustment bevel gear 873... The adjusting shaft 4 maintains a 45° helical gear meshing with the adjusting bevel gear 874, enabling stepless adjustment from 0 to 90° in the vertical plane. This 45° helical gear meshing design not only improves transmission efficiency but also reduces gear wear by increasing the meshing area, extending the equipment's service life. Furthermore, during adjustment, the spray direction of the nozzle 7 remains dynamically perpendicular to the rotation axis of the adjusting shaft 4, ensuring that the centerline of the high-pressure water jet always passes through the target point, thus achieving a composite motion of the nozzle 7 in three-dimensional space. When the explosion-proof motor 9 and explosion-proof motor 10 work together, the nozzle 7 can simultaneously adjust its angle in both the horizontal and vertical planes, forming a composite motion trajectory. This design allows the nozzle to quickly adapt to different coal types. The requirements for layer thickness and cutting path; experiments show that when driven synchronously by dual motors, the repeatability of the nozzle 7 position can reach ±0.05°, which can meet the stringent requirements of high-precision cutting operations in underground mines; under complex underground working conditions, the fully enclosed design and IP68 waterproof seal of the mounting base 1 can effectively resist the erosion of coal dust and water vapor, ensure the long-term stable operation of the transmission components, reduce the equipment failure rate caused by environmental factors, and the cylindrical structure of the mounting base 1 is more suitable for the narrow space environment of directional drilling in underground coal seams. Its compact layout design can minimize the occupation of underground working space, and at the same time facilitate standardized installation, disassembly and maintenance on various underground mechanical equipment; During the operation of nozzle 7, when high-pressure water jets are ejected from nozzle 7, vibration damping component 6 takes effect. Support plate 61 transmits the impact force to damper 62. Damper 62 converts vibration energy into heat energy through hydraulic damping effect. At the same time, spring 63 provides reverse elastic support force. The two work together to effectively absorb the impact vibration generated by high-pressure water jet, preventing the vibration from being transmitted to nozzle 7 body and causing the spray trajectory to deviate. Furthermore, since the axis of damper 62 is set perpendicular to the axis of adjustment shaft 4, and the spray direction of nozzle 7 is set parallel to the length direction of damper 62, nozzle 7 always maintains dynamic balance during orientation adjustment, avoiding swaying caused by centrifugal force. Through the dual power input of explosion-proof motor 19 and explosion-proof motor 20, combined with the gear transmission system of orientation adjustment mechanism 8, nozzle 7 can be independently or linkedly adjusted in the X, Y, and Z axes with an adjustment accuracy of 0.1°. This high-precision adjustment capability enables the mechanism to accurately control the spray direction of high-pressure water jet, significantly improving the quality and efficiency of underground coal seam operations.

[0033] It should be noted that the above electrical components are all existing technology products. They are selected, installed and debugged by those skilled in the art according to the needs of use to ensure that all electrical appliances can work normally. The components are all general standard parts or components known to those skilled in the art. Their structure and principle can be known by those skilled in the art through technical manuals or conventional experimental methods. The applicant does not impose specific restrictions here, so it will not be described in detail.

[0034] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A mechanism for azimuth adjustment of high-pressure water jet nozzles for downhole comb long boreholes, comprising a mounting seat (1) of cylindrical structure, characterized in that: The top side of the mounting seat (1) is hollow and provided with an installation cavity I (101), the explosion-proof motor II (10) is fixedly installed in the installation cavity I (101), the output shaft of the explosion-proof motor II (10) is fixedly connected with the orientation adjusting mechanism (8), the bottom side of the mounting seat (1) is hollow and provided with an installation cavity II (102), the explosion-proof motor I (9) is fixedly installed in the installation cavity II (102), the explosion-proof motor I (9) and the explosion-proof motor II (10) are arranged on the same side, the output shaft of the explosion-proof motor I (9) is fixedly connected with the orientation adjusting mechanism (8), the orientation adjusting mechanism (8) is movably arranged in the mounting seat (1) and is fixedly connected with the rotating seat (2), the rotating seat (2) is coaxially movably arranged outside the mounting seat (1), the top end of the rotating seat (2) is fixedly connected with the support frame (3), the top of the support frame (3) is rotatably connected with the two ends of the adjusting shaft (4), one side of the adjusting shaft (4) is fixedly connected with the orientation adjusting mechanism (8), the middle of the adjusting shaft (4) is fixedly connected with one side of the adjusting seat (5), the other end of the adjusting seat (5) is fixedly connected with one end of the damping assembly (6), the other end of the damping assembly (6) is fixedly connected with the spray head (7) through a threaded structure.

2. A mechanism for azimuth adjustment of a high-pressure water jet nozzle for a downhole comb-shaped long borehole according to claim 1, characterized in that: One side of the spray head (7) is fixedly connected with the connector (71), the side, away from the explosion-proof motor I (9), of the mounting seat (1) is provided with a through hole (108), the axis of the through hole (108) and the axis of the mounting seat (1) are arranged in parallel.

3. A mechanism for azimuth adjustment of a high pressure water jet nozzle for a downhole combi-long borehole according to claim 1, characterized in that: The damping assembly (6) comprises a support disc (61), a damper (62), a spring (63) and a mounting disc (64), one end of the support disc (61) is fixedly connected with one side end of the adjusting seat (5), the other end of the support disc (61) is fixedly connected with one end of the damper (62), the other end of the damper (62) is fixedly connected with one end of the mounting disc (64), the other end of the mounting disc (64) is connected with the spray head (7) through a threaded structure, the damper (62) is movably sleeved with the spring (63), one end of the spring (63) is fixedly connected with the support disc (61), the other end of the spring (63) is fixedly connected with the mounting disc (64).

4. A mechanism for azimuth adjustment of a high pressure water jet nozzle for a downhole combi-long borehole according to claim 3, characterized in that: The axis of the damper (62) and the axis of the adjusting shaft (4) are arranged in perpendicular to each other, the spraying direction of the spray head (7) is flush with the length direction of the damper (62).

5. A mechanism for azimuth adjustment of a high pressure water jet nozzle for a downhole combi-long borehole according to claim 1, characterized in that: The orientation adjusting mechanism (8) comprises a driving adjusting assembly one (81), a transmission bevel gear (82), a supporting shaft (83), a transmission ring (84), an outer gear ring (85), a transmission assembly (86), an angle adjusting assembly (87), a driving adjusting assembly two (88), the driving adjusting assembly one (81) is fixedly connected with the output shaft of the explosion-proof motor one (9), the top of the driving adjusting assembly one (81) is in transmission connection with the transmission bevel gear (82), the transmission bevel gear (82) is rotatably sleeved on one side of the supporting shaft (83), the both ends of the supporting shaft (83) are fixedly connected with the inner walls of the both sides of the transmission ring (84), the outer gear ring (85) is fixedly sleeved outside the transmission ring (84), one side of the outer gear ring (85) is in transmission connection with the bottom of the transmission assembly (86), the top of the transmission assembly (86) is in transmission connection with the driving adjusting assembly two (88), the top end of the driving adjusting assembly two (88) is rotatably connected with the rotating seat (2) after penetrating through the top rear end of the mounting seat (1), the driving adjusting assembly two (88) is rotatably sleeved outside the angle adjusting assembly (87), the top end of the angle adjusting assembly (87) is fixedly connected with the adjusting shaft (4), the bottom end of the angle adjusting assembly (87) is in transmission connection with the transmission bevel gear (82), the driving adjusting assembly two (88) is fixedly connected with the output shaft of the explosion-proof motor two (10).

6. A mechanism for azimuth adjustment of a high pressure water jet nozzle for a downhole combi-long borehole according to claim 5, characterized in that: The driving adjusting assembly one (81) is rotatably installed in the lower U-shaped cavity (104), the lower U-shaped cavity (104) is hollowly arranged at the bottom of the mounting seat (1) and is in communication with the mounting cavity two (102), the top of the lower U-shaped cavity (104) is provided with a cylindrical cavity (105), the cylindrical cavity (105) is hollowly arranged in the mounting seat (1) and the cylindrical cavity (105) is coaxially arranged with the mounting seat (1), the transmission ring (84) is rotatably sleeved in the cylindrical cavity (105), a transmission cavity two (106) is formed in the middle inner wall of the cylindrical cavity (105), the outer gear ring (85) is rotatably arranged in the transmission cavity two (106), the top of the cylindrical cavity (105) is provided with an upper U-shaped cavity (107), the upper U-shaped cavity (107) is hollowly arranged at the top of the mounting seat (1) and is in communication with the mounting cavity one (101), the driving adjusting assembly two (88) is rotatably arranged in the upper U-shaped cavity (107), a transmission cavity one (103) is formed in one side of the bottom of the upper U-shaped cavity (107), the transmission cavity one (103) is hollowly arranged in the mounting seat (1) and is located at the top of the transmission cavity two (106), the transmission assembly (86) is rotatably arranged in the transmission cavity one (103) and the transmission cavity two (106).

7. A mechanism for azimuth adjustment of a high pressure water jet nozzle for a downhole combi-long borehole according to claim 6, characterized in that: The active adjusting assembly one (81) comprises a worm one (811), a worm gear one (812), a rotating shaft (813), a driving bevel gear (814), the worm one (811) is rotatably installed in the lower U-shaped cavity (104), one end of the worm one (811) is fixedly connected with the output shaft of the explosion-proof motor one (9), the worm one (811) is in meshing connection with the worm gear one (812), the worm gear one (812) is fixedly sleeved with the rotating shaft (813), the rotating shaft (813) is rotatably installed in the lower U-shaped cavity (104), one end of the rotating shaft (813) rotatably extends into the cylindrical cavity (105) and is fixedly connected with the driving bevel gear (814) at the rear end, and the driving bevel gear (814) is in meshing connection with the transmission bevel gear (82).

8. A mechanism for azimuth adjustment of a high-pressure water jet nozzle for a downhole comb-shaped long borehole according to claim 7, characterized in that: The transmission assembly (86) comprises a lower gear (861), a transmission shaft (862) and an upper gear (863), the lower gear (861) is rotatably arranged in the transmission cavity two (106), the lower gear (861) is in meshing connection with the outer tooth ring (85), one end of the lower gear (861) is fixedly sleeved with the transmission shaft (862), the transmission shaft (862) is rotatably installed in the mounting seat (1), the other end of the transmission shaft (862) is fixedly sleeved with the upper gear (863), and the upper gear (863) is rotatably arranged in the transmission cavity one (103).

9. A mechanism for azimuth adjustment of a high-pressure waterjet nozzle for a downhole comb-shaped long borehole according to claim 8, characterized in that: The active adjusting assembly two (88) comprises a worm two (881), a worm gear two (882), a transmission cylinder (883) and a transmission gear (884), one end of the worm two (881) is fixedly connected with the output shaft of the explosion-proof motor two (10), the worm two (881) is rotatably installed in the upper U-shaped cavity (107), the worm two (881) is in meshing connection with the worm gear two (882), the worm gear two (882) is fixedly sleeved with one side of the transmission cylinder (883), the other side of the transmission cylinder (883) is fixedly sleeved with the transmission gear (884), the transmission gear (884) is in meshing connection with the upper gear (863), and the transmission cylinder (883) is rotatably connected with the mounting seat (1) and coaxially fixedly connected with the bottom end of the rotating seat (2) after the top of the transmission cylinder (883) rotatably extends out of the rear end of the mounting seat (1).

10. A mechanism for azimuth adjustment of a high-pressure waterjet nozzle for a downhole comb-shaped long borehole according to claim 9, characterized in that: The angle adjusting assembly (87) comprises a driven bevel gear (871), an adjusting rotating shaft (872), an adjusting bevel gear one (873) and an adjusting bevel gear two (874), the adjusting rotating shaft (872) is rotatably sleeved in the transmission cylinder (883), one end of the adjusting rotating shaft (872) rotatably extends into the cylindrical cavity (105) and is fixedly connected with the driven bevel gear (871) at the rear end, the driven bevel gear (871) is in meshing connection with the transmission bevel gear (82), the other end of the adjusting rotating shaft (872) rotatably extends out of the rear end of the rotating seat (2) and is fixedly connected with the adjusting bevel gear one (873), the adjusting bevel gear one (873) is arranged between the supporting frames (3) and is in meshing connection with the adjusting bevel gear two (874), and the adjusting bevel gear two (874) is fixedly sleeved on one side of the adjusting shaft (4).

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