Hot water boiler

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of boiler manufacturing, in particular to a hot water boiler which comprises a water inlet collecting box, an economizer, a first water outlet collecting box, a channel heating surface collecting box set, a hearth heating surface collecting box set and a second water outlet collecting box which are sequentially connected. The water inlet header is used for collecting external return water; the economizer preheats return water; the first water outlet collecting box temporarily stores the preheated water and conveys the preheated water to the channel heating surface collecting box group; the channel heating surface header group is used for primarily absorbing heat of a working medium; the hearth heating surface header group surrounds the outer wall of the hearth, so that a working medium absorbs high-temperature heat; and the second water outlet header is used for collecting and outputting the heated working medium. Therefore, on one hand, a boiler barrel structure of a traditional boiler is omitted, the water volume of the boiler is greatly reduced, and the total heat storage amount is reduced; a working medium efficiently flows along a specific path, so that the heat required by temperature regulation is less, and the heat transfer efficiency is high; and on the other hand, temperature adaptation can be rapidly completed when the load changes, and then rapid response to the dynamic load is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of boiler manufacturing technology, and in particular to a hot water boiler. Background Technology

[0002] Hot water boilers are core thermal energy devices in industrial heating, district heating, and other scenarios. They heat the working fluid (water) through fuel combustion and deliver it to the heat-consuming end to meet dynamic heat demand. In traditional hot water boiler designs, the boiler drum is the core component for storing and distributing the working fluid. External return water first enters the boiler drum for temporary storage, then is distributed to the heating surfaces through downcomers. After absorbing heat, it flows back to the boiler drum through risers and is finally delivered to the heat-consuming system. In practical applications, the load at the heat end often fluctuates dynamically. However, traditional drum boilers, limited by the drum structure, have significant shortcomings in load response, specifically manifested as follows: 1) Traditional boiler drums require sufficient volume for working fluid storage and distribution, with water accounting for 50-70% of the total boiler volume. This inevitably leads to a surge in the total amount of working fluid and excessive heat storage. In scenarios with dynamic load changes, a larger total amount of working fluid requires more heat for temperature regulation, resulting in decreased heat transfer efficiency and significant temperature lag, directly affecting the boiler's ability to quickly adapt to load changes. 2) When the load increases suddenly, the large amount of low-temperature working fluid stored in the boiler drum takes 10-20 minutes to heat up to the target output temperature, which can easily lead to insufficient temperature supply at the heat-consuming end. When the load decreases suddenly, the high-temperature working fluid remaining in the boiler drum will continue to be output, which not only wastes energy but may also cause overheating failures in heat-consuming equipment. The load response time of conventional traditional boilers is 8-15 minutes, which is difficult to meet the response requirements of modern heat consumption scenarios, especially having an adverse effect on fields such as fine chemicals that require high-precision temperature control. To mitigate load response lag, traditional boilers often employ two types of redundancy designs: one is to reserve 20-30% of the burner power, and the other is to add auxiliary heat exchange devices. However, these designs not only significantly increase equipment investment costs but also lead to energy efficiency losses under normal load conditions. Crucially, frequent load fluctuations can also pose operational safety risks: the temperature and pressure of the working fluid inside the boiler drum change with the load, which can easily generate alternating thermal stress on the boiler drum wall. Long-term accumulation can lead to fatigue damage of the welds. At the same time, load fluctuations can disrupt the stability of the working fluid flow, causing abnormal water supply flow in the downcomer and return velocity in the riser, which can lead to problems such as steam blockage and backflow.

[0003] In summary, technical personnel are urgently needed to solve the above problems. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a hot water boiler that addresses the problems in existing designs, such as the large water volume and high heat storage capacity caused by the boiler drum, resulting in delayed load response, inability to adapt to dynamic heat demand, the need for redundant design which exacerbates energy loss, and the operational risks caused by frequent load fluctuations.

[0005] This invention relates to a hot water boiler, comprising an inlet header, an economizer, a first outlet header, a channel heating surface header group, a furnace heating surface header group, and a second outlet header connected in sequence. The inlet manifold is equipped with a return water inlet for centralized collection of external return water; The inlet of the economizer is connected to the outlet of the inlet header, and is used to preheat the return water output from the inlet header. The inlet end of the first water outlet header is connected to the outlet end of the economizer, and is used to temporarily store the preheated water and transport it to the channel heating surface header group. The inlet end of the channel heating surface header group is connected to the outlet end of the first outlet header, and the inside is equipped with a serpentine heat exchange tube bundle to enable the working fluid to complete the initial heat absorption. The inlet end of the furnace heating surface header group is connected to the outlet end of the channel heating surface header group, and is arranged around the outer wall of the furnace to allow the working fluid to absorb the high-temperature heat generated by the combustion of fuel in the furnace. The inlet of the second water header is connected to the outlet of the furnace heating surface header group. It is equipped with a hot water outlet for collecting the heated working fluid and outputting it outward. As a further improvement to the technical solution disclosed in this invention, the channel heating surface header group includes channel heating surface modules arranged in a matrix, while the furnace heating surface header group includes furnace heating surface modules arranged in a matrix; adjacent channel heating surface modules and adjacent furnace heating surface modules are connected by standardized flange interfaces with positioning structures; the channel heating surface modules and furnace heating surface modules adopt a partitioned expansion design, and the high-temperature section expands the heat exchange area through a membrane wall and needle fin composite structure, while the low-temperature section adopts a spiral finned tube group to achieve gradient heat exchange.

[0006] As a further improvement to the technical solution disclosed in this invention, the tube bundle of the channel heating surface module adopts micro-slit expansion heat exchange tubes, and the axial slit width outside the tubes gradually changes along the medium flow direction; the channel heating surface header group also includes a high-pressure pulse rotating spray system, the spray radius of which matches the matrix size of the channel heating surface module.

[0007] As a further improvement to the technical solution disclosed in this invention, the spiral finned tube is fixed to the base tube by high-frequency resistance welding process, and the fin surface is covered with a nano-ceramic anti-corrosion coating; the economizer and the boiler body are integrated and skid-mounted through a rigid frame with an elastic buffer layer, and the bottom of the frame is provided with a rotatable and adjustable hoisting trunnion and a self-guided transport assembly.

[0008] As a further improvement to the technical solution disclosed in this invention, the hot water boiler also includes a flue gas recirculation system; the hot water boiler also includes a dual-adjustable-air burner to form a strong swirling combustion field, with the primary air swirling intensity and secondary air grading ratio dynamically adjusted, so that the exhaust oxygen content is ≤2.5% and the boiler thermal efficiency is ≥92%; the air intake of the flue gas recirculation system is connected to the furnace outlet flue, and a high-efficiency filter device is provided at the air intake, and the return gas pipe is connected to the secondary air channel of the dual-adjustable-air burner and is equipped with a flow regulating valve.

[0009] As a further improvement to the technical solution disclosed in this invention, the hot water boiler adopts a horizontal corner tube bearing structure; the corner tube is a seamless steel pipe for supercritical applications, and a variable pitch spiral guide vane is provided inside; adjacent corner tubes are connected by a transverse truss with vibration damping pads to form a rigid whole; the water flow adopts a three-stage intelligent circulation mode, the forced circulation section is equipped with a variable frequency pump and an electromagnetic flow meter, the natural circulation section is equipped with a visual monitoring window, and the mixed circulation section includes a jet mixing device.

[0010] As a further improvement to the technical solution disclosed in this invention, the hot water boiler is shipped as a pre-assembled modular unit with a quick-locking structure for its pipe interfaces, an aerogel composite vacuum insulation layer, and a plug-and-play bus architecture for its electrical system.

[0011] As a further improvement to the technical solution disclosed in this invention, the hot water boiler also includes an intelligent control system based on digital twins; the intelligent control system includes an adaptive adjustment module, which dynamically adjusts the fuel supply and air volume by integrating data on flue gas temperature at the furnace outlet, oxygen content in the flue gas, and working fluid temperature difference, using a fuzzy PID algorithm; the adaptive adjustment module optimizes the frequency of the circulating water pump and the air distribution ratio in the furnace according to changes in heat load demand, inlet water quality, and circulation resistance, ensuring that the thermal efficiency is stable at no less than 90% in the 50-110% load range.

[0012] As a further improvement to the technical solution disclosed in this invention, the intelligent diagnostic module constructs a monitoring network by using infrared thermal imaging arrays and ultrasonic sensors deployed on the heating surfaces of the channel heating surface header group and the furnace heating surface header group. It uses deep learning algorithms to predict the scaling trend, corrosion degree and wear status of the heating surfaces. The intelligent diagnostic module is wirelessly connected to the remote monitoring platform to push graded fault warnings and generate an operation and maintenance plan that includes 3D disassembly guidance.

[0013] As a further improvement to the technical solution disclosed in this invention, the intelligent diagnostic module also includes a multi-parameter cross-validation unit, which performs correlation analysis on the operating data of the hot water boiler with environmental parameters and fuel characteristic data, and improves diagnostic accuracy by dynamically correcting the early warning threshold; it supports data interaction with the regional energy management system, and provides equipment health status basis for the load scheduling of clustered hot water boilers.

[0014] In practical applications, the hot water boiler disclosed in this invention can achieve at least the following beneficial technical effects, specifically: 1) A working fluid storage and distribution system is constructed using an inlet header, a first outlet header, and a second outlet header. By eliminating the boiler drum, the boiler water volume is significantly reduced, thereby substantially decreasing the total heat storage required by the hot water boiler. The working fluid can efficiently flow along the path of "inlet header → economizer preheating → distribution in the first outlet header → initial heat absorption on the channel heating surface → high-temperature heat absorption on the furnace heating surface → output from the second outlet header," requiring less heat for temperature regulation and achieving high transfer efficiency. Furthermore, the working fluid can quickly adapt to temperature changes when facing load variations, enabling rapid response and stably meeting the temperature accuracy and dynamic load requirements of various scenarios, including fine chemical engineering. 2) Benefiting from the absence of thick-walled pressure-bearing components such as boiler drums, material consumption and manufacturing costs are reduced. Furthermore, the working fluid flow is precisely planned, the economizer preheats and recovers waste heat, the serpentine tube bundles on the channel heating surface enhance preliminary heat exchange, and the surrounding arrangement of the furnace heating surface ensures full absorption of high-temperature heat, resulting in high overall heat utilization efficiency. Hot water boilers do not require additional burner power reserves or auxiliary heat exchange devices, and there is no excess energy loss during normal operation. Long-term use can effectively reduce equipment investment and energy consumption costs, forming a highly efficient and economical operating mode. 3) The inlet header ensures concentrated and stable return water, the first outlet header achieves uniform distribution, the furnace heating surface header group ensures balanced heat absorption, and the second outlet header completes orderly output. There are no working fluid stagnation areas throughout the process, and temperature and pressure changes are gradual. In addition, the serpentine tube bundle of the channel heating surface and the surrounding structure of the furnace heating surface can guide the stable flow of the working fluid and avoid abnormalities such as "steam blockage" and "backflow," thus ensuring the long-term stability and safety of the boiler from a structural perspective. Attached Figure Description

[0015] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the operating principle of the hot water boiler disclosed in this invention.

[0017] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the hot water boiler disclosed in this invention.

[0018] 1-Inlet water header; 2-Economizer; 3-First outlet water header; 4-Channel heating surface header assembly; 41-Upper heating surface header assembly on the right wall of the channel; 42-Lower heating surface header assembly on the right wall of the channel; 5-Furnace heating surface header assembly; 51-Upper heating surface header assembly on the left wall of the furnace; 52-Lower heating surface header assembly on the left wall of the furnace; 53-Upper heating surface header assembly on the rear wall of the furnace; 54-Lower heating surface header assembly on the rear wall of the furnace; 55-Upper heating surface header assembly on the front wall of the furnace; 56-Lower heating surface header assembly on the front wall of the furnace; 6-Second outlet water header; 7-Dual-adjustable air burner. Detailed Implementation

[0019] The invention will now be described in further detail with reference to specific embodiments and accompanying drawings. Figure 1 , Figure 2 As shown in the figure, the hot water boiler is mainly composed of an inlet header 1, an economizer 2, a first outlet header 3, a channel heating surface header group 4, a furnace heating surface header group 5, and a second outlet header 6 connected in sequence, and is also equipped with a dual-adjustable air burner 7. The inlet header 1 is equipped with a return water inlet for collecting external return water, providing an initial convergence node for the working fluid flow. The inlet of the economizer 2 is connected to the outlet of the inlet header 1, preheating the return water output from the inlet header 1 to improve energy utilization efficiency through waste heat recovery. The inlet of the first outlet header 3 is connected to the outlet of the economizer 2, temporarily storing the preheated water and stably transporting it to the channel heating surface header group 4 to ensure uniform distribution of the working fluid. The inlet of the channel heating surface header group 4 is connected to the outlet of the first outlet header 3, and is equipped with a serpentine heat exchange tube bundle inside to allow the working fluid to complete the initial heat absorption. Specifically, it includes the upper heating surface header group 41 on the right wall of the channel and the lower heating surface header group 42 on the right wall of the channel. The two components work together to expand the initial heat absorption area; the inlet end of the furnace heating surface header group 5 is connected to the outlet end of the channel heating surface header group 4, and is arranged around the outer wall of the furnace to allow the working fluid to absorb the high-temperature heat generated by the combustion of fuel in the furnace. It includes the upper heating surface header group 51 on the left wall of the furnace, the lower heating surface header group 52 on the left wall of the furnace, the upper heating surface header group 53 on the rear wall of the furnace, the lower heating surface header group 54 on the rear wall of the furnace, the upper heating surface header group 55 on the front wall of the furnace, and the lower heating surface header group 56 on the front wall of the furnace. The surrounding design ensures that the working fluid fully absorbs heat; the inlet end of the second outlet header 6 is connected to the outlet end of the furnace heating surface header group 5, and it is equipped with a hot water outlet to collect the heated working fluid and output it outward, completing the complete flow of the working fluid. It is worth noting that this invention constructs a working fluid temporary storage and distribution system using an inlet header 1, a first outlet header 3, and a second outlet header 6. By eliminating the traditional boiler drum structure, the boiler water volume is significantly reduced, thereby substantially decreasing the total heat storage required by the hot water boiler. The working fluid can efficiently flow along the path of "inlet header 1 → economizer 2 preheating → first outlet header 3 distribution → channel heating surface header group 4 initial heat absorption → furnace heating surface header group 5 high-temperature heat absorption → second outlet header 6 output". The temperature regulation requires less heat and has high transfer efficiency. It can quickly adapt to temperature changes and achieve rapid response, effectively meeting the temperature accuracy and dynamic load requirements of various scenarios, including fine chemical industry. Furthermore, the channel heating surface header group 4 includes a matrix arrangement of channel heating surface modules, while the furnace heating surface header group 5 includes a matrix arrangement of furnace heating surface modules. Adjacent channel heating surface modules and adjacent furnace heating surface modules are connected via standardized flange interfaces with positioning structures, facilitating modular assembly and subsequent maintenance. The channel heating surface modules and furnace heating surface modules adopt a zoned expansion design, with the high-temperature section using a membrane wall and needle-fin composite structure to expand the heat exchange area, and the low-temperature section using spiral finned tube assemblies to achieve gradient heat exchange, thereby further improving heat exchange efficiency and adapting to the heat exchange requirements of different temperature ranges. The tube bundle of the channel heating surface module adopts micro-slit expansion heat exchange tubes, and the axial gap width of the tubes gradually changes along the medium flow direction, which enhances the heat exchange effect between the working medium and the tube bundle. The channel heating surface header group 4 is also equipped with a high-pressure pulse rotary spray system, whose spray radius matches the matrix size of the channel heating surface module to achieve full coverage cleaning of the heating surface, avoid the phenomenon of scale affecting heat exchange efficiency, and ensure the long-term stable operation of the hot water boiler.

[0020] As a further optimization of the above technical solution, the spiral finned tube is fixed to the base tube by high-frequency resistance welding, which ensures a firm connection and excellent heat conduction performance. The fin surface is covered with a nano-ceramic anti-corrosion coating to extend its service life. The economizer 2 and the boiler body are integrated and skid-mounted through a rigid frame with an elastic buffer layer to reduce vibration damage during transportation and installation. The bottom of the frame is equipped with a rotatable and adjustable hoisting trunnion and a self-guiding transportation component, which facilitates on-site hoisting and position adjustment and shortens the installation cycle. This design also reduces material consumption and manufacturing costs due to the absence of thick-walled pressure-bearing components such as the boiler drum, thus forming an economic advantage. The hot water boiler also includes a flue gas recirculation system (not shown in the figure). The dual-adjustable-air burner 7 is used to create a strong swirling combustion field. The intensity of the primary air swirling and the graded ratio of the secondary air are dynamically adjusted, ensuring that the oxygen content in the exhaust gas is ≤2.5% and the boiler thermal efficiency is ≥92%, thus improving combustion completeness and energy efficiency. The air intake of the flue gas recirculation system is connected to the furnace outlet flue, and a high-efficiency filter is installed at the air intake to prevent impurities from entering the system. The return gas pipe is connected to the secondary air channel of the dual-adjustable-air burner 7 and is equipped with a flow regulating valve to precisely control the amount of flue gas reused, reducing nitrogen oxide emissions and meeting environmental protection requirements. Furthermore, the hot water boiler adopts a horizontal corner tube bearing structure. Specifically, the corner tubes are preferably seamless steel pipes for supercritical applications, which are high in strength and resistant to high temperature and pressure. They are equipped with variable pitch spiral guide vanes to promote uniform flow of the working fluid. Adjacent corner tubes are connected by a transverse truss with vibration damping pads to form a rigid whole, improving the overall structural stability of the boiler. The water flow adopts a three-stage intelligent circulation mode. The forced circulation section is equipped with a variable frequency pump and an electromagnetic flowmeter for precise flow control. The natural circulation section has a visual monitoring window for easy observation of the working fluid flow status. The mixing circulation section includes a jet mixing device to ensure uniform mixing of the working fluid. Based on this, the inlet header 1 ensures concentrated and stable return water, the first outlet header 3 achieves uniform distribution, the furnace heating surface header group 5 ensures balanced heat absorption, and the second outlet header 6 completes orderly output. There is no working fluid stagnation area throughout the process, and the temperature and pressure changes are gradual. The serpentine tube bundle of the channel heating surface and the surrounding structure of the furnace heating surface guide the stable flow of the working fluid, avoiding abnormalities such as "steam blockage" and "backflow," thus ensuring the long-term stability and safety of the boiler from a structural perspective. Hot water boilers are preferably shipped as pre-assembled modular units, with pre-assembly completed at the factory. Pipeline interfaces are equipped with quick-locking structures for easy on-site connection. The insulation layer uses aerogel composite vacuum insulation technology, providing excellent insulation performance and reducing heat loss. The electrical system is a plug-and-play bus architecture, reducing on-site wiring complexity, further shortening the installation cycle, and improving construction efficiency.

[0021] It is particularly important to emphasize here that the hot water boiler also includes a digital twin-based intelligent control system. This system uses the physical entity of the hot water boiler as a prototype to construct a digital model that couples multiple physical fields, including working fluid flow, heat transfer, and combustion reaction. This model maps the boiler's operating status in real time, providing precise data support for control and diagnosis. The core component of this intelligent control system is the adaptive adjustment module. This module collects multi-dimensional operating data in real time through a distributed sensor network. Specifically, this includes furnace outlet flue gas temperature (collection frequency 1 time / s, measurement accuracy ±2℃), flue gas oxygen content (using a zirconia sensor, accuracy ±0.1%), and working fluid temperature difference (covering six sets of temperature difference data: economizer inlet / outlet, channel heating surface inlet / outlet, and furnace heating surface inlet / outlet, accuracy ±0.5℃). This data is then transmitted to the central controller for fusion and analysis. The adaptive control module employs a fuzzy PID algorithm for dynamic regulation: when the system detects an increase in heat load demand (e.g., a drop in return water temperature at the hot end exceeding 3°C), the algorithm prioritizes increasing the fuel supply (adjusting in increments of 0.5–1% per cycle to avoid incomplete combustion due to a sudden increase in fuel), while simultaneously increasing the air volume to ensure the air-fuel ratio remains within the optimal range of 1.05–1.1. If an increase in influent water hardness is detected (e.g., calcium and magnesium ion concentration exceeding 200 mg / L), the circulating water pump frequency will be appropriately increased (adjustment range 25–50 Hz) to accelerate the working fluid flow rate and reduce scale deposition. When the circulation resistance slightly increases due to pipeline impurities (e.g., pressure difference exceeding 5 kPa), the algorithm will collaboratively optimize the furnace air distribution ratio by reducing the primary air proportion and increasing the secondary air swirl intensity, thereby indirectly reducing overall system energy consumption while maintaining combustion efficiency. Through multi-parameter collaborative control, the adaptive control module ensures that the boiler's thermal efficiency remains stably above 90% within a load range of 50–110%. The intelligent diagnostic module uses densely arranged infrared thermal imaging arrays (every 1m²) in key heat exchange areas of the channel heating surface header group 4 and the furnace heating surface header group 5. 2 The heated surface is equipped with one thermal imager (temperature range -20~1500℃, spatial resolution 0.5mrad) and one ultrasonic sensor (one every 1.5m along the header length, detection depth 0~50mm, accuracy ±0.1mm) to construct a comprehensive monitoring network. This module uses deep learning algorithms, with historical operating data as training samples, to identify in real time the scaling trend (issuing an alert when scale thickness exceeds 0.5mm), corrosion level (distinguishing between pitting and uniform corrosion, triggering a maintenance reminder when corrosion depth exceeds 0.2mm), and wear status (initiating a fault response when the pipe wall thickness reduction exceeds 10% of the design value). The intelligent diagnostic module connects wirelessly to the remote monitoring platform via 5G / industrial Ethernet. When an anomaly is detected, it pushes three levels of alerts based on the severity of the fault (Level 1: minor anomaly, suggest attention; Level 2: moderate anomaly, need to check within 12 hours; Level 3: severe anomaly, need to shut down immediately), and automatically generates an operation and maintenance plan including 3D disassembly guidance. The plan will mark the precise coordinates of the fault location (e.g., "3m in the middle of section 52 of the lower heating surface of the left wall of the furnace"), a list of required tools, a sequence diagram of operation steps, and safety precautions. Maintenance personnel can directly refer to the plan to carry out their work, which will greatly shorten maintenance time and effectively reduce boiler downtime. The multi-parameter cross-validation unit of the intelligent diagnostic module further improves diagnostic accuracy: This unit not only collects the boiler's own operating data (such as working fluid flow rate, inlet and outlet temperatures, and combustion pressure), but also simultaneously accesses environmental parameters (outdoor temperature, humidity, and atmospheric pressure, collected once every 5 minutes) and fuel characteristic data (such as fuel calorific value, sulfur content, and ash content, updated each time fuel is replaced). By establishing a multi-factor correlation model, the warning threshold is dynamically adjusted. For example, when the outdoor temperature is below -10℃, the upper limit of the warning for the flue gas temperature at the furnace outlet will be appropriately relaxed (adjusted from 300℃ to 320℃) to avoid false warnings caused by low ambient temperatures; when the fuel sulfur content exceeds 0.8%, the warning threshold for corrosion depth will be lowered (adjusted from 0.2mm to 0.15mm) to prevent the risk of sulfur corrosion in advance.

[0022] Furthermore, the multi-parameter cross-validation unit supports data interaction with the regional energy management system, enabling real-time uploading of boiler health status (such as heating surface integrity rate, energy efficiency level, and fault risk value), current load rate, and adjustable margin. Based on this data, the regional energy management system can perform load scheduling among clustered hot water boilers (e.g., 10 or more units). For example, when a boiler is in good health but its load rate is only 60%, a portion of the load (e.g., 10-15%) from other boilers in average health but with a load rate of 90% can be transferred to that boiler. This ensures equipment safety while achieving optimal overall cluster energy efficiency, adapting to large-scale energy management needs and further expanding the application value of hot water boilers in urban centralized heating, industrial park heating, and other scenarios.

[0023] The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables those skilled in the art to make or use the invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Therefore, the invention is not to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A hot water boiler, characterized in that The water inlet header, the economizer, the first water outlet header, the channel heating surface header group, the furnace heating surface header group and the second water outlet header are sequentially connected. The water inlet header is provided with a backwater inlet for collecting external backwater. The water inlet end of the economizer is communicated with the water outlet end of the water inlet header for preheating the backwater output by the water inlet header. The water inlet end of the first water outlet header is communicated with the water outlet end of the economizer for temporarily storing the preheated water and conveying the preheated water to the channel heating surface header group. The water inlet end of the channel heating surface header group is communicated with the water outlet end of the first water outlet header and internally provided with a serpentine heat exchange tube bundle for the working medium to complete preliminary heat absorption. The water inlet end of the furnace heating surface header group is communicated with the water outlet end of the channel heating surface header group and arranged around the outer wall of the furnace for the working medium to absorb high-temperature heat generated by fuel combustion in the furnace. The water inlet end of the second water outlet header is communicated with the water outlet end of the furnace heating surface header group and provided with a hot water outlet for collecting the heated working medium and outputting the heated working medium.

2. The hot water boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that The channel heating surface header group comprises matrix-arranged channel heating surface modules, and the furnace heating surface header group comprises matrix-arranged furnace heating surface modules; adjacent channel heating surface modules and adjacent furnace heating surface modules are connected through standardized flange interfaces with positioning structures; the channel heating surface modules and the furnace heating surface modules are designed in a partition expansion mode, and the high-temperature section is expanded in heat exchange area through a membrane wall and a needle fin composite structure, and the low-temperature section adopts a spiral fin tube group to realize gradient heat exchange.

3. The hot water boiler according to claim 2, characterized in that The tube bundle of the channel heating surface module adopts a micro-gap expansion type heat exchange tube, and the axial gap width outside the tube gradually changes along the medium flow direction; the channel heating surface header group further comprises a high-pressure pulse rotary spraying system with a spraying radius matched with the matrix size of the channel heating surface module.

4. The hot water boiler according to claim 2, characterized in that The spiral fin tube is fixed with the base pipe through a high-frequency resistance welding process, and the fin surface is covered with a nano ceramic anti-corrosion coating; the economizer and the boiler body are integrated and prying-mounted through a rigid frame with an elastic buffer layer, and the frame bottom is provided with a rotatable adjustable lifting trunnion and a self-guiding transportation assembly.

5. The hot water boiler according to claim 1, wherein The hot water boiler further comprises a flue gas recirculation system; the hot water boiler further comprises a double air regulating type burner to form a strong rotational flow combustion field, the rotational flow intensity of the primary air and the grading ratio of the secondary air are dynamically adjusted, the oxygen content of the exhaust gas is ≤2.5%, and the boiler thermal efficiency is ≥92%; the gas inlet of the flue gas recirculation system is communicated with the flue outlet of the furnace, the gas inlet is provided with a high-efficiency filtering device, the gas return pipeline is communicated with the secondary air channel of the double air regulating type burner, and a flow regulating valve is arranged.

6. The hot water boiler according to claim 1, wherein The hot water boiler adopts a horizontal angle pipe bearing structure; the angle pipe is a supercritical seamless steel pipe internally provided with a variable pitch spiral guide vane; adjacent angle pipes are connected through a transverse truss with a damping pad to form a rigid whole; the water flow adopts a three-stage intelligent circulation mode, the forced circulation section is provided with a variable frequency pump and an electromagnetic flowmeter, the natural circulation section is provided with a visual monitoring window, and the mixed circulation section comprises a jet mixing device.

7. A hot water boiler according to claim 6, characterised in that It is shipped with pre-assembled modules, quick-locking pipeline interfaces, aerogel vacuum insulation, and plug-and-play bus architecture.

8. A hot water boiler according to any of claims 1-7, characterized in that The hot water boiler also includes an intelligent control system based on digital twinning; the intelligent control system includes an adaptive adjustment module that dynamically adjusts fuel supply and air blast volume using a fuzzy PID algorithm by fusing furnace outlet flue gas temperature, flue gas oxygen content, and working medium temperature difference data; the adaptive adjustment module optimizes circulating water pump frequency and furnace air distribution ratio in coordination according to thermal load demand, inlet water quality, and circulating resistance changes, ensuring that thermal efficiency in the 50-110% load range is stably no less than 90%.

9. The hot water boiler according to claim 8, characterized in that The intelligent diagnosis module constructs a monitoring network through infrared thermal imaging arrays and ultrasonic sensors arranged on the heating surface of the channel heating surface header group and the furnace heating surface header group, and predicts the scaling trend, corrosion degree, and wear state of the heating surface using a deep learning algorithm; the intelligent diagnosis module is wirelessly connected to a remote monitoring platform, pushes out graded fault early warnings, and generates operation and maintenance schemes containing 3D disassembly instructions.

10. The hot water boiler according to claim 9, characterized in that The intelligent diagnosis module also includes a multi-parameter cross-validation unit that correlates and analyzes the operation data of the hot water boiler with environmental parameters and fuel characteristic data, improves diagnostic accuracy by dynamically correcting early warning thresholds, and supports data interaction with regional energy management systems to provide equipment health status basis for cluster-type hot water boiler load scheduling.

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