Electrochemical energy storage safety prevention and control system based on multi-mode perception and dynamic regulation and control and control method thereof

Abstract

According to the electrochemical energy storage safety prevention and control system based on multi-mode perception and dynamic regulation and control and the control method thereof, by integrating multi-source sensor data and an intelligent early warning model, early recognition of thermal runaway is achieved; micro-channel active cooling and targeted spraying are combined to restrain heat spreading, and a gas-solid composite fire extinguishing agent and inert gas are linked to conduct multi-stage fire extinguishing.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of electrochemical energy storage safety technology, specifically to an electrochemical energy storage safety control system and its control method based on multimodal sensing and dynamic regulation. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, lithium battery energy storage power stations generally adopt passive fire suppression strategies, which mainly have the following technical defects: (1) Single monitoring method: Existing systems mostly rely on temperature threshold alarms, which cannot capture early thermal runaway characteristics such as electrolyte decomposition and gas evolution, and there is a warning delay of 15-30 minutes; (2) Uncontrollable thermal diffusion: Traditional spray systems have limited coverage and are difficult to penetrate the inside of the battery module for directional cooling. The thermal runaway propagation rate is 0.5-1.2m / s. (3) Low fire extinguishing efficiency: Heptafluoropropane and other gaseous fire extinguishing agents are not efficient at suppressing lithium metal fires (the fire extinguishing concentration needs to be >15%), and there is a reignition rate as high as 40%; (4) Low system integration: Each subsystem operates independently, with a response delay of more than 60 seconds, making it impossible to achieve millisecond-level linkage control. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to provide an electrochemical energy storage safety control system and its control method based on multimodal sensing and dynamic regulation, which has the advantages of accurate early warning, efficient temperature control and environmental protection and low consumption.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solution: An electrochemical energy storage safety control system based on multimodal sensing and dynamic regulation includes a multimodal intelligent monitoring unit, an active cooling and thermal management unit, and an intelligent fire extinguishing linkage unit. The multimodal intelligent monitoring unit includes an embedded sensor array built into the battery module and performs thermal runaway prediction based on an LSTM-GRU hybrid neural network model. The embedded sensor array includes a temperature sensor, a gas sensor, a thin-film pressure sensor, and a distributed voltage sensor. The active cooling and thermal management unit includes a phase change cooling module and a spray module. The phase change cooling module is an Al-Si alloy cooling plate with a built-in serpentine nanofluid channel embedded in the battery module, and the spray module is an array-type high-pressure pulse spray structure. The intelligent fire extinguishing linkage unit performs a graded response based on the thermal runaway prediction information transmitted by the multimodal intelligent monitoring unit. The first-level response is to cut off the faulty module and start the phase change cooling module in milliseconds. The second-level response is to start the spray module to release the nano-composite fire extinguishing agent and simultaneously inject N2 / CO2 mixed gas.

[0005] Furthermore, it adopts a standard containerized deployment, with each 40-foot container equipped with 8 independent fire protection systems, supporting dual redundant communication via CAN bus and RS485.

[0006] Furthermore, the intelligent fire extinguishing linkage unit can dynamically adjust the amount of extinguishing agent released based on the Q-learning algorithm, and construct a three-dimensional fire extinguishing effect evaluation model by combining thermal imaging data.

[0007] Furthermore, the LSTM-GRU hybrid neural network model includes an input layer, a hidden layer, and an output layer. The input layer receives multi-source sensor data streams, the hidden layer constructs a 32-layer deep network containing an attention mechanism module, and the output layer generates a 0-1 risk probability value, triggering an early warning based on a preset risk threshold.

[0008] The control method for the electrochemical energy storage safety control system based on multimodal sensing and dynamic regulation involves an embedded sensor array built into the battery module to monitor multi-source sensor data streams in real time, and the system initiates multi-level responses. When only combustible gas is detected, the alarm will be triggered immediately and the ventilation system will be activated, and the system will shut down. When only the smoke temperature is detected to reach the threshold, a Level 1 response is triggered, which includes triggering the alarm, cutting off the faulty module in milliseconds, and starting the phase change cooling module, causing the system to shut down. When combustible gas is detected simultaneously and the smoke temperature reaches the threshold, a secondary response is triggered, which includes triggering an audible and visual alarm, activating the sprinkler module to release nano-composite extinguishing agent and simultaneously injecting N2 / CO2 mixed gas, shutting down the ventilation system, and stopping the system.

[0009] Furthermore, the flow rate adaptive adjustment range of the phase change cooling module is 0.3~1.5L / min, and the working temperature range of the cooling medium covers -30℃~180℃.

[0010] Furthermore, during the Level II response phase, the gas-solid composite extinguishing agent is injected at a pressure of 1.2 MPa for 8 seconds, then switched to argon inerting to maintain an oxygen concentration of ≤6% and a duration of ≥8 minutes.

[0011] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages: This invention relates to an electrochemical energy storage safety control system and its control method based on multimodal sensing and dynamic regulation. It boasts advantages such as accurate early warning, efficient temperature control, and environmental friendliness with low energy consumption, making it suitable for the safety protection needs of large-scale energy storage power stations. Specifically, by integrating multi-source sensor data with an intelligent early warning model, it achieves early identification of thermal runaway; combines microchannel active cooling and targeted spraying to suppress heat spread; and coordinates gas-solid composite fire extinguishing agents and inert gases for multi-stage fire suppression. Attached Figure Description

[0012] Figure 1This is a schematic diagram of the overall system architecture of the present invention.

[0013] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the multimodal sensor structure arrangement of the present invention.

[0014] Figure 3 This is an enlarged schematic diagram of the microstructure of the phase change cooling plate of the present invention.

[0015] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the control method of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0016] The embodiments of the present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0017] like Figures 1-4 As shown, the electrochemical energy storage safety control system based on multimodal sensing and dynamic regulation includes a multimodal intelligent monitoring unit, an active cooling and thermal management unit, and an intelligent fire extinguishing linkage unit.

[0018] I. Multimodal Intelligent Monitoring Unit (1) An embedded sensor array is arranged inside the battery module. Triple redundant temperature sensor (accuracy ±0.5℃), wide-range gas sensor (concentration resolution of CO, HF, and H2 up to 1ppm), thin-film pressure sensor (range 0-500kPa), distributed voltage acquisition module (sampling frequency ≥1kHz).

[0019] Furthermore, a distributed fiber optic temperature measurement array is installed at the battery module tabs, and multi-parameter gas detection units are arranged between the modules, with a sampling frequency ≥10Hz.

[0020] (2) Thermal runaway prediction model based on LSTM-GRU hybrid neural network Input layer: Receives data streams from multiple sensor sources (time step Δt = 10s); Hidden layers: Construct a 32-layer deep network, including an attention mechanism module; Output layer: Generates risk probability values ​​of 0-1, and triggers an early warning when P > 0.85.

[0021] II. Active Cooling and Thermal Management Unit (1) Microchannel phase change cooling structure An Al-Si alloy cooling plate (latent heat of phase change ≥450kJ / kg) is embedded between battery modules, and a serpentine nanofluid channel (containing 2wt% Al2 / O3 nanoparticles in ethylene glycol solution) is built in. The coolant flow rate is intelligently controlled (0.5-5L / min, PID algorithm adjustment).

[0022] Furthermore, the microchannels are fabricated using laser etching technology, with a channel width of 1.5mm, an adaptive flow rate adjustment range of 0.3-1.5L / min, and a cooling medium operating temperature range of -30℃ to 180℃.

[0023] (2) High-pressure pulse spray device It adopts an array of micro nozzles (0.2mm orifice diameter, working pressure 10-15MPa), with adjustable targeted spray distance (50-300mm, coverage area error <5%), coolant recovery rate >85%, and is equipped with a three-stage filtration system.

[0024] III. Intelligent Fire Suppression Linkage Unit (1) Hierarchical response mechanism Level 1 Response (Early Warning Stage): The faulty module is disconnected within milliseconds (DC circuit breaker action time < 2ms), and the phase change cooling system is activated, with a temperature drop rate ≥ 8℃ / s within 20 seconds.

[0025] Secondary response (open flame stage): Release nano-composite extinguishing agent (particle size D50=5μm, specific surface area>300m² / g), simultaneously inject N2 / CO2 mixed gas (volume ratio 7:3, oxygen concentration suppressed to below 12%). Further, in the secondary response stage, the gas-solid composite extinguishing agent is injected at a pressure of 1.2MPa for 8 seconds, then switched to argon inerting to maintain an oxygen concentration ≤6% for ≥8 minutes.

[0026] (2) Self-learning fire extinguishing strategy optimization The release amount of extinguishing agent is dynamically adjusted based on the Q-learning algorithm (with an error of ±5%), and a three-dimensional fire extinguishing effect evaluation model is constructed by combining thermal imaging data.

[0027] IV. Modular Integrated Design (1) Standard containerized deployment Each 40-foot container is equipped with 8 independent fire-fighting units, supporting dual redundant communication via CAN bus and RS485, reducing deployment time by 60% compared to traditional systems.

[0028] (2) Edge computing nodes The built-in FPGA chip enables local data processing (latency <10ms), supports 4G / 5G / Wi-Fi multi-mode networking, and has the ability to make autonomous decisions when the network is disconnected (offline mode response error <3%).

[0029] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make several improvements and modifications without departing from the concept of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An electrochemical energy storage safety control system based on multimodal sensing and dynamic regulation, characterized in that: It includes a multimodal intelligent monitoring unit, an active cooling and thermal management unit, and an intelligent fire suppression linkage unit; The multimodal intelligent monitoring unit includes an embedded sensor array built into the battery module and performs thermal runaway prediction based on an LSTM-GRU hybrid neural network model. The embedded sensor array includes a temperature sensor, a gas sensor, a thin-film pressure sensor, and a distributed voltage sensor. The active cooling and thermal management unit includes a phase change cooling module and a spray module. The phase change cooling module is an Al-Si alloy cooling plate with a built-in serpentine nanofluid channel embedded in the battery module, and the spray module is an array-type high-pressure pulse spray structure. The intelligent fire extinguishing linkage unit performs a graded response based on the thermal runaway prediction information transmitted by the multimodal intelligent monitoring unit. The first-level response is to cut off the faulty module and start the phase change cooling module in milliseconds. The second-level response is to start the spray module to release the nano-composite fire extinguishing agent and simultaneously inject N2 / CO2 mixed gas.

2. The electrochemical energy storage safety control system based on multimodal sensing and dynamic regulation according to claim 1, characterized in that: It adopts a standard containerized deployment, with each 40-foot container equipped with 8 independent fire protection systems, supporting dual redundant communication via CAN bus and RS485.

3. The electrochemical energy storage safety control system based on multimodal sensing and dynamic regulation according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The intelligent fire extinguishing linkage unit can dynamically adjust the amount of extinguishing agent released based on the Q-learning algorithm, and construct a three-dimensional fire extinguishing effect evaluation model by combining thermal imaging data.

4. The electrochemical energy storage safety control system based on multimodal sensing and dynamic regulation according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The LSTM-GRU hybrid neural network model includes an input layer, a hidden layer, and an output layer. The input layer receives multi-source sensor data streams, the hidden layer constructs a 32-layer deep network containing an attention mechanism module, and the output layer generates a 0-1 risk probability value, triggering an early warning based on a preset risk threshold.

5. A control method for an electrochemical energy storage safety control system based on multimodal sensing and dynamic regulation, characterized in that: An embedded sensor array built into the battery module monitors multi-source sensor data streams in real time, and the system initiates a multi-level response. When only combustible gas is detected, the alarm will be triggered immediately and the ventilation system will be activated, and the system will shut down. When only the smoke temperature is detected to reach the threshold, a Level 1 response is triggered, which includes triggering the alarm, cutting off the faulty module in milliseconds, and starting the phase change cooling module, causing the system to shut down. When combustible gas is detected simultaneously and the smoke temperature reaches the threshold, a secondary response is triggered, which includes triggering an audible and visual alarm, activating the sprinkler module to release nano-composite extinguishing agent and simultaneously injecting N2 / CO2 mixed gas, shutting down the ventilation system, and stopping the system.

6. The control method for the electrochemical energy storage safety control system based on multimodal sensing and dynamic regulation according to claim 5, characterized in that: The phase change cooling module has an adaptive flow rate adjustment range of 0.3~1.5L / min and a cooling medium operating temperature range of -30℃~180℃.

7. The control method for the electrochemical energy storage safety control system based on multimodal sensing and dynamic regulation according to claim 5, characterized in that: During the Level 2 response phase, the gas-solid composite extinguishing agent is injected at a pressure of 1.2 MPa for 8 seconds, then switched to argon inerting to maintain an oxygen concentration of ≤6% and a duration of ≥8 minutes.

Images