Coral reef base material and preparation method, construction method and application thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of ecological restoration, and discloses a coral reef base material and a preparation method, a construction method and application thereof. The coral reef base material comprises the following components in parts by weight: 50 parts of a waste concrete matrix, 20-30 parts of a cementing material, 1-10 parts of cement, 20-30 parts of a modifier material, 0.1-5 parts of sodium metasilicate, 0.5-5 parts of coconut shreds and an ecological coating with the thickness of 0.5-2 cm. According to the technical scheme provided by the invention, the ecological restoration potential of the waste concrete matrix can be improved, especially in the aspects of simulating the complexity and diversity of a natural coral reef ecological system.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of ecological restoration, and particularly relates to a coral reef base material, a preparation method, a construction method and application thereof. BACKGROUND

[0002] The coral reef is known as the "tropical rainforest" in the ocean, and carries about 34% of the biological species in the marine ecosystem, and is crucial for the activities of biological habitat, breeding and foraging, and also protects the coastline and prevents erosion. Although it only accounts for 0.07% to 0.17% of the ocean area, global climate change and human activities such as temperature rise, ocean acidification, pollution and overexploitation have accelerated the degradation of the coral reef, disrupted the ecological balance and threatened the fishery resources. In order to restore the coral reef, global transplantation actions have been carried out, however, artificial substrates such as waste concrete substrates can provide attachment points, but cannot completely simulate the complex ecological structure of the natural coral reef, which limits the restoration effect.

[0003] Therefore, how to improve the ecological restoration potential of the waste concrete substrate, especially in terms of simulating the complexity and diversity of the natural coral reef ecosystem, is a technical problem to be solved at present. SUMMARY

[0004] The present application provides a coral reef base material, a preparation method, a construction method and application thereof, which achieves the technical effect of improving the ecological restoration potential of the waste concrete substrate, especially in terms of simulating the complexity and diversity of the natural coral reef ecosystem.

[0005] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the main technical scheme adopted by the present application includes: In a first aspect, the present application provides a coral reef base material, which comprises the following components by weight: 50 parts of waste concrete substrate, 20-30 parts of cementitious material, 1-10 parts of cement, 20-30 parts of modifier material, 0.1-5 parts of sodium metasilicate, 0.5-5 parts of coconut fiber and an ecological coating with a thickness of 0.5-2 cm.

[0006] The coral reef base material provided by the embodiment effectively improves the ecological restoration potential of the waste concrete substrate by comprehensively utilizing the waste concrete substrate, cementitious material, modifier, sodium metasilicate, coconut fiber, and ecological coating. In particular, the complexity and diversity of the simulated natural coral reef ecosystem are improved. The recycling of the waste concrete substrate not only reduces the environmental burden but also provides a solid foundation for ecological restoration. The improvement of the strength, durability, and stability of the material enables it to exist in the marine environment for a long time and resist the impact of water flow and wind waves. The addition of coconut fiber enhances the adhesion and microhabitat of the substrate, providing an ideal habitat for corals and other marine organisms. In addition, the use of the ecological coating further optimizes the adhesion environment of the substrate surface, supporting the adhesion and growth of marine organisms such as corals, and simulating the ecological function of natural coral reefs. These characteristics collectively promote the restoration of the ecosystem and enhance the possibility of the evolution of artificial coral reefs into natural ecosystems.

[0007] In one embodiment, the waste concrete substrate is a recycled aggregate obtained by crushing construction waste concrete, and includes the following components by weight percentage: coarse aggregate with a particle size of 4.75-30mm 50-65%, fine aggregate with a particle size of 0.075-4.75mm 35-50%, and powder with a particle size less than 0.075mm less than or equal to 3%; wherein the waste concrete substrate is alkaline.

[0008] The embodiment can significantly improve the ecological restoration potential through its unique composition and structure, particularly in simulating the complexity and diversity of the natural coral reef ecosystem. Its alkaline property helps to neutralize acidic substances in seawater, alleviate the impact of ocean acidification, and promote the deposition of calcium carbonate, supporting the growth of coral reefs. At the same time, the porous structure of the coarse aggregate and fine aggregate in the waste concrete substrate provides abundant attachment points for marine organisms, simulating the physical environment of natural coral reefs, and helping to promote the restoration and diversity of the ecosystem. In addition, the corrosion resistance and long-term stability of the waste concrete substrate enable it to maintain effectiveness in the marine environment for a long time, providing a persistent habitat for corals and other organisms, further improving the ecological restoration effect.

[0009] In one embodiment, the cementitious material is composed of a calcium chloride solution, a magnesium chloride solution, and a boric acid solution, or the cementitious material is composed of a calcium chloride solution, a magnesium chloride solution, and a sodium alginate solution; wherein, the concentration of the calcium chloride solution is 1-4 mol / L; the concentration ratio of the magnesium chloride solution to the calcium chloride solution is 1 / 5-1 / 20; the concentration of the boric acid solution is 0.3-2 mol / L; The mass fraction of sodium alginate in the sodium alginate solution is 0.3-1.0wt%.

[0010] The concentration and proportion of the cementitious material in this embodiment are designed to enhance the ecological restoration potential of the waste concrete substrate, especially in terms of simulating the complexity and diversity of natural coral reef ecosystems. The calcium ions provided by the calcium chloride solution can react with carbonate ions to form calcium carbonate, enhancing the hardness and stability of the substrate and simulating the main component of coral reefs. The magnesium ions in the magnesium chloride solution further optimize the crystal form of calcium carbonate, improving the durability and crack resistance of the substrate and enhancing its stability in marine environments. The boracic acid solution promotes the formation of calcium carbonate nuclei, improving the strength and compressive resistance of the substrate, thereby enhancing its reliability in long-term use. The cross-linking of sodium alginate solution with calcium ions forms a three-dimensional gel structure, providing a support framework and improving the toughness and crack resistance of the material. The synergistic effect of these components makes the waste concrete substrate better biocompatible, stable and durable in simulating the ecological system of coral reefs, ultimately effectively promoting the restoration and diversity of the ecological system.

[0011] In one embodiment, the cement is a Portland cement of grade 42.5R.

[0012] The cement of grade 42.5R in this embodiment has high early strength, which helps to accelerate the hardening process of the waste concrete substrate and ensures that the restoration structure reaches a stable state in a short time, thereby effectively dealing with the erosion of natural environments such as tides and sea waves. Secondly, the hydration products of cement, such as hydrated calcium silicate and calcium hydroxide, improve the strength and durability of the substrate and enhance its resistance to seawater corrosion, ensuring the stability of the substrate in long-term use. In addition, the alkaline environment of the cement helps to neutralize acidic substances in seawater, reducing the impact of seawater acidification on the growth of coral reefs, providing more favorable biocompatibility and further promoting the healthy growth of coral reefs. Therefore, the 42.5R Portland cement not only enhances the physical properties of the waste concrete substrate, but also improves its ecological function, helping to achieve more efficient ecological restoration.

[0013] In one embodiment, the modifier material is a sodium carbonate solution with a concentration of 1-4mol / L.

[0014] The present embodiment can generate calcium carbonate in the waste concrete matrix by using a sodium carbonate solution as a modifier with a concentration ranging from 1 to 4 mol / L. This process not only improves the mechanical properties of the matrix, such as compressive strength and tensile strength, but also enhances its ecological restoration potential, especially in terms of simulating the complexity and diversity of natural coral reef ecosystems. The generated calcium carbonate, especially aragonite, can quickly dissolve and release calcium sources for marine organisms such as corals, shellfish, and others, thereby accelerating the restoration of the ecosystem. At the same time, the generation of this calcium carbonate simulates the mineralization process in nature, which helps to improve the long-term stability and self-repairing of the waste concrete matrix, ultimately promoting the regeneration and diversity of the marine ecological environment.

[0015] In one embodiment, the volume ratio of the cementitious material to the modifier material is 1:(0.8-1.5).

[0016] The present embodiment can generate calcium carbonate in the waste concrete matrix by using a sodium carbonate solution as a modifier with a concentration ranging from 1 to 4 mol / L. This process not only improves the mechanical properties of the matrix, such as compressive strength and tensile strength, but also enhances its ecological restoration potential, especially in terms of simulating the complexity and diversity of natural coral reef ecosystems. The generated calcium carbonate, especially aragonite, can quickly dissolve and release calcium sources for marine organisms such as corals, shellfish, and others, thereby accelerating the restoration of the ecosystem. At the same time, the generation of this calcium carbonate simulates the mineralization process in nature, which helps to improve the long-term stability and self-repairing of the waste concrete matrix, ultimately promoting the regeneration and diversity of the marine ecological environment.

[0017] In one embodiment, the fiber diameter of the coconut coir is 0.1-0.8mm, and the length is 5-30mm.

[0018] The present embodiment can generate calcium carbonate in the waste concrete matrix by using a sodium carbonate solution as a modifier with a concentration ranging from 1 to 4 mol / L. This process not only improves the mechanical properties of the matrix, such as compressive strength and tensile strength, but also enhances its ecological restoration potential, especially in terms of simulating the complexity and diversity of natural coral reef ecosystems. The generated calcium carbonate, especially aragonite, can quickly dissolve and release calcium sources for marine organisms such as corals, shellfish, and others, thereby accelerating the restoration of the ecosystem. At the same time, the generation of this calcium carbonate simulates the mineralization process in nature, which helps to improve the long-term stability and self-repairing of the waste concrete matrix, ultimately promoting the regeneration and diversity of the marine ecological environment.

[0019] In one embodiment, the ecological coating is composed of shell fragments, photosynthetic microalgae spores, and a binder; wherein, The particle size of the shell fragments is 0.1mm-1cm; The photosynthetic microalgae spores are selected from at least one of Chlorella, Dunaliella, Diatom, or marine cyanobacteria; The binder is selected from at least one of sodium alginate-calcium cross-linked gel, chitosan, xanthan gum, sodium metasilicate, or calcium phosphate gel.

[0020] The ecological coating of the embodiment is composed of shell debris, photosynthetic microalgae spores, and a binder, which can significantly improve the ecological restoration potential of the substrate material, especially in terms of simulating the complexity and diversity of natural coral reef ecosystems. The rough surface of the shell debris provides abundant attachment sites for microorganisms and algae, similar to the structure of coral reefs, which helps to increase the biodiversity of the substrate. Photosynthetic microalgae spores, such as Chlorella and diatoms, can improve the dissolved oxygen level of the surrounding environment through photosynthesis, promoting the healthy development of the ecosystem. The binder, such as sodium alginate-calcium cross-linked gel or chitosan, enhances the stability and durability of the ecological coating, ensuring the stable growth of microalgae. The synergistic effect of the three not only enhances the ecological restoration function of waste concrete substrate, but also simulates the multi-level biological habitat environment of natural coral reefs, further improving the complexity and diversity of the ecological system.

[0021] In one embodiment, the ratio between the mass of the shell debris, the mass of the binder, and the wet weight of the photosynthetic microalgae spores is 100:(2-10):(0.1-2); the inoculation amount of the photosynthetic microalgae spores is 10 6 -10 9 cells·g -1 .

[0022] The embodiment limits the ratio between the mass of the shell debris, the mass of the binder, and the wet weight of the photosynthetic microalgae spores to 100:(2-10):(0.1-2), ensuring that the ecological coating has sufficient adhesion and stability while providing support and promoting photosynthesis. The particles of shell debris provide attachment sites for microorganisms, similar to the structure of coral reefs, promoting the attachment and growth of organisms. The moderate amount of binder ensures that the ecological coating can maintain a stable structure and avoid affecting its air permeability and biological attachment performance. The appropriate amount of photosynthetic microalgae spores helps photosynthesis, increases the dissolved oxygen in the water, and promotes the growth of marine organisms such as coral larvae. Overall, the reasonable component ratio and addition amount not only enhance the physical properties of the ecological coating, but also simulate the ecological characteristics of natural coral reefs, improving the ecological restoration function of waste concrete substrate.

[0023] In a second aspect, the embodiment of the present application provides a preparation method of the above-mentioned coral reef substrate material, comprising: uniformly mixing the waste concrete substrate, cement, and coconut fiber in proportion to obtain a solid mixture; mixing the cementitious material, the modifier material, and the sodium metasilicate in proportion and stirring uniformly to obtain a mixed solution; adding the mixed solution to the solid mixture, stirring uniformly, and then placing in a mold, curing at a temperature of 20-30°C for 5-10 days, and naturally drying for 3-5 days to obtain a base material precursor; coating the ecological coating on the surface of the base material precursor according to the thickness requirement to obtain a coral reef base material.

[0024] The preparation method of the coral reef base material provided in the embodiment provides a stable structural foundation by mixing waste concrete substrate, cement, and coconut fibers in a certain proportion, and the addition of coconut fibers enhances the toughness and crack resistance of the material. By mixing the cementitious material, the modifier, and sodium metasilicate into a solution, a calcium carbonate cement structure similar to a coral reef is formed, which not only improves the ecological adaptability of the material, but also provides ideal attachment sites for marine organisms, especially coral larvae, to attach and grow. Finally, by coating an ecological coating on the surface of the base, the ecological function of the material is further enhanced, providing a habitat for marine organisms and promoting the restoration of the marine ecosystem. The design of this material not only enhances the ecological restoration potential of waste concrete, but also successfully simulates the complexity and diversity of natural coral reefs, which helps to restore and stabilize the marine ecological environment in the long term.

[0025] In a third aspect, the embodiments of the present application provide an application of a coral reef base material. The coral reef base material described above or prepared by the preparation method described above is applied to the ecological restoration of coral reefs.

[0026] In a fourth aspect, the embodiments of the present application provide a construction method, comprising: obtaining a to-be-restored area of a coral reef; combining at least two or more coral reef base materials described above or prepared by the preparation method described above to obtain a combined structure; transplanting a coral species matching the environmental characteristics of the to-be-restored area on the combined structure, and placing the combined structure after transplanting the coral species into the to-be-restored area to restore the to-be-restored area.

[0027] Specifically, before the coral reef restoration, a detailed environmental assessment of the damaged area is needed. This includes water quality analysis, flow velocity, light conditions, temperature variation, bottom type, etc. These environmental parameters will directly affect the growth and survival of corals. According to the results of environmental assessment, specific to-be-restored areas are determined. These areas should have similar environmental characteristics to facilitate unified management and restoration. Before restoration, the current situation of the coral reef is monitored and recorded, including the coverage rate, species, health status, etc. of the corals. These data will serve as the baseline for the evaluation of the restoration effect.

[0028] Select at least two different shapes of coral reef base materials, such as cubes, cylinders, triangular prisms, etc. Connect the different shapes of coral reef base materials together through ropes or other fixing methods to form a combined structure. This combined structure can increase the stability and complexity of the coral reef base material, providing more habitat space for marine organisms. According to the specific environmental characteristics of the area to be repaired, optimize the design of the combined structure. For example, in areas with strong water flow, more stable structures can be designed; in areas with weak light, more attachment sites can be added.

[0029] According to the environmental characteristics of the area to be repaired, select suitable coral species for transplantation. Different species of corals have different adaptability to environmental conditions, so it is necessary to select coral species that can grow well in the target environment. Adopt scientific transplantation methods to ensure the survival rate of corals. This includes appropriate transplantation time, transplantation depth, transplantation density, etc. For example, in areas with weak water flow, the transplantation density can be appropriately increased; in areas with strong light, coral species that can tolerate strong light can be selected.

[0030] According to the results of environmental assessment, the combined structure is put into the area to be repaired. Avoid damaging the surrounding environment during the process of putting. After putting, ensure the stability of the combined structure to prevent it from being washed away or moved by water flow. Anchoring or other fixing methods can be used to ensure the stability of the combined structure in the repair area. Regularly monitor the repair area and record the growth of corals, the types and quantities of attached organisms, etc. According to the monitoring results, timely maintenance and adjustment are carried out to ensure the long-term and sustainable repair effect.

[0031] The construction method provided in this embodiment simulates the diversity and complexity of natural coral reefs by combining at least two different coral reef base materials, thereby improving the ecological restoration potential of waste concrete substrate. The design of the combined structure can provide abundant habitat space for corals and other marine organisms, enhancing the stability and diversity of the ecosystem. Transplanting coral species that match the environmental characteristics in the area to be repaired can ensure high survival rate and good growth of corals, thereby effectively promoting the ecological restoration of coral reefs. Through this method, the waste concrete substrate not only provides structural support, but also enhances the ecological function of the repair area, ensuring long-term repair effect and sustainability. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0032] The drawings described herein are used to provide further understanding of the present application, and form a part of the present application. The illustrative embodiments of the present application and their descriptions are used to explain the present application, and do not constitute an improper limitation on the present application. In the drawings: Figure 1 A flowchart of a preparation method of a coral reef base material provided in an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] To make the purposes, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present application clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be described clearly and completely below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are some but not all of the embodiments of the present application. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by a person of ordinary skill in the art without creative work fall within the protection scope of the present application.

[0034] Coral reef ecosystems are known as the "rainforests of the sea" and play a crucial role in global marine ecosystems. Despite occupying only 0.07% to 0.17% of the ocean area, coral reefs support approximately 34% of marine species and play a key role in the habitat, reproduction, and foraging of marine organisms. In addition, coral reefs have functions such as protecting coastlines, reducing wave impact, and preventing erosion, which directly affect the livelihood and safety of coastal residents. Therefore, the health of coral reefs is crucial to the overall marine ecological balance and the sustainable development of human society.

[0035] However, global climate change and human activities have posed severe challenges to coral reef ecosystems. Rising ocean temperatures have triggered coral bleaching, in which corals expel symbiotic algae at high temperatures, leading to coral death. In addition, factors such as ocean acidification, pollution (such as oil spills, plastic pollution, etc.), overfishing, and coastal development have also exacerbated the degradation of coral reefs. The degradation of coral reefs not only leads to the death of a large number of corals but also disrupts the marine ecological balance, reduces biological habitats, and thus affects the sustainability of fishery resources and poses a direct threat to human economic activities and quality of life.

[0036] To address this dilemma, coral reef protection and restoration actions have been carried out worldwide. By transplanting healthy corals to degraded areas, this method can effectively improve the biodiversity and stability of the ecosystem. However, the success of transplanted corals is closely related to the selection of substrates. To ensure that corals can successfully attach and grow, suitable substrates must be provided. Artificial substrates such as waste concrete substrates can provide some attachment points, but they cannot completely simulate the complex ecological structure of natural coral reefs. Artificial substrates often lack the ecological diversity and functions possessed by natural coral reefs, which limits the growth of transplanted corals and the long-term effects of ecological restoration.

[0037] Therefore, how to enhance the ecological restoration potential of waste concrete substrates, especially in terms of simulating the complexity and diversity of natural coral reef ecosystems, is a technical problem that needs to be solved urgently.

[0038] According to the embodiment of the present application, a coral reef base material is provided, which comprises the following components by weight: waste concrete substrate 50 parts, cementitious material 20-30 parts, cement 1-10 parts, modifier material 20-30 parts, sodium metasilicate 0.1-5 parts, coconut fiber 0.5-5 parts, and an ecological coating with a thickness of 0.5-2 cm.

[0039] Specifically, using waste concrete substrate as the main raw material not only realizes the recycling of resources, but also reduces the impact of construction waste on the environment. By adding cementitious material, modifier material and sodium metasilicate, the strength and durability of the material are significantly improved, and its stability in marine environment is enhanced. The addition of coconut fiber further improves the toughness and crack resistance of the material, making it more durable in marine environment. Finally, by coating with an ecological coating, the surface of the material provides abundant attachment sites and microhabitat, promoting the attachment and growth of coral larvae and other marine organisms, significantly improving the ecological restoration effect.

[0040] The coral reef base material provided in the embodiment effectively improves the ecological restoration potential of waste concrete substrate by comprehensively utilizing waste concrete substrate, cementitious material, modifier, sodium metasilicate, coconut fiber and ecological coating, especially in simulating the complexity and diversity of natural coral reef ecosystem. The recycling of waste concrete substrate not only reduces the environmental burden, but also provides a solid foundation for ecological restoration. The improvement of the strength, durability and stability of the material enables it to exist in the marine environment for a long time, resisting the impact of water flow and wind waves. The addition of coconut fiber enhances the adhesion and microhabitat of the base, providing an ideal habitat for corals and other marine organisms. In addition, the use of ecological coating further optimizes the attachment environment on the surface of the base, supporting the attachment and growth of marine organisms such as corals, simulating the ecological function of natural coral reefs. These features together promote the recovery of the ecosystem and enhance the possibility of artificial coral reefs evolving into natural ecosystems.

[0041] In one embodiment, the waste concrete substrate is obtained from recycled aggregates of crushed construction waste concrete, and comprises the following components by weight percentage: coarse aggregate with a particle size of 4.75-30 mm 50-65%, fine aggregate with a particle size of 0.075-4.75 nm 35-50%, and powder with a particle size less than 0.075 mm less than or equal to 3%; wherein the waste concrete substrate is alkaline.

[0042] Specifically, the waste concrete substrate is a recycled aggregate obtained by crushing construction waste concrete, including coarse aggregate, fine aggregate, and powder. The main role of coarse aggregate in concrete is to provide load-bearing capacity, especially compressive strength. Due to its large particle size, it can form larger pores, providing better structural support. The addition of coarse aggregate can effectively reduce the shrinkage of concrete, improve the overall stability and durability of concrete. Through its larger porosity, coarse aggregate can also allow seawater to penetrate and provide space for organisms to attach, which has a positive effect on ecological restoration. Fine aggregate is mainly used to fill the gaps between coarse aggregate, improving the density of concrete. Fine aggregate not only improves the workability of concrete, making it easier to mix and shape, but also helps to form a microstructure during the shaping process, which helps microorganisms to attach and grow. For example, the microstructure provided by fine aggregate provides attachment points for marine microorganisms, coral larvae, and other organisms, which is beneficial for ecological restoration. The role of powder is to further fill the pores between fine aggregate, improving the density of concrete. The addition of powder can reduce the porosity of concrete, improve its impermeability and durability. In the marine environment, the density of powder helps to reduce water penetration, enhancing the ability of concrete to resist corrosion in seawater. In addition, the fine particles of powder can also improve the surface of concrete, providing a smoother surface and reducing the difficulty of attachment for harmful organisms such as algae and microorganisms.

[0043] The pH value of the waste concrete substrate is usually between 7 and 14, showing alkaline. This alkaline property makes the waste concrete substrate have significant ecological functions, especially in the context of ocean acidification. First, ocean acidification is caused by the dissolution of carbon dioxide in seawater to form carbonic acid, which lowers the pH value of seawater and thus damages coral reefs and marine ecosystems. The alkaline components of the waste concrete substrate can effectively neutralize the acidic substances in seawater, increasing the pH value of seawater and thus slowing down the negative effects of ocean acidification on coral reef growth. Second, an alkaline environment is conducive to the deposition of calcium carbonate, which is essential for the normal operation of coral reef ecosystems. Calcium carbonate is the main component of coral, which can promote the growth, attachment, and repair of coral. The alkaline environment of the waste concrete substrate creates favorable conditions for the deposition of calcium carbonate. Third, the alkaline property of the waste concrete substrate also enhances its corrosion resistance in marine environments. Due to the effects of salt and microorganisms in seawater, ordinary concrete is easily corroded in marine environments, while alkaline waste concrete substrate can provide a stronger protective layer, thus prolonging its service life. This makes the application of waste concrete substrate in marine environments sustainable in the long term. Therefore, the waste concrete substrate not only effectively utilizes construction waste concrete, but also plays a positive role in protecting and restoring marine ecosystems, especially coral reefs, through its alkaline properties.

[0044] The present embodiment can significantly improve the ecological restoration potential through its unique composition and structure, especially in simulating the complexity and diversity of natural coral reef ecosystems. Its alkaline properties help neutralize acidic substances in seawater, mitigate the effects of ocean acidification, and promote the deposition of calcium carbonate, supporting the growth of coral reefs. At the same time, the porous structure of the coarse and fine aggregates in the waste concrete substrate provides abundant attachment points for marine organisms, simulating the physical environment of natural coral reefs and helping to promote the recovery and diversity of the ecosystem. In addition, the corrosion resistance and long-term stability of the waste concrete substrate enable it to maintain effectiveness in the marine environment for a longer period of time, providing durable habitats for corals and other organisms, further enhancing the ecological restoration effect.

[0045] In one embodiment, the cementing material is composed of a calcium chloride solution, a magnesium chloride solution, and a boric acid solution, or the cementing material is composed of a calcium chloride solution, a magnesium chloride solution, and a sodium alginate solution; wherein, The concentration of the calcium chloride solution is 1-4 mol / L; The concentration ratio of the magnesium chloride solution to the calcium chloride solution is 1 / 5-1 / 20; The concentration of the boric acid solution is 0.3-2 mol / L; The mass fraction of sodium alginate in the sodium alginate solution is 0.3-1.0 wt%.

[0046] Specifically, the calcium ions in the calcium chloride solution are the key component to form calcium carbonate (CaCO3), which is the main component of coral reefs. The calcium ions in the calcium chloride solution can react with carbonate ions (CO3 2- ) to generate calcium carbonate, providing basic materials for the growth of coral reefs. The concentration of the magnesium chloride solution is 1 / 5-1 / 20 of the concentration of the calcium chloride solution, and the magnesium ions (Mg 2+The crystal form of calcium carbonate can be regulated to promote the formation of high-magnesium calcite (Mg-Calcite) or aragonite. High-magnesium calcite and aragonite have higher stability and solubility, and are closer to the composition of natural coral reefs, which is conducive to the attachment and growth of corals. Magnesium ions can refine the size of calcium carbonate crystals, making the cementing interface more dense and improving the material's crack toughness and durability. Boric acid solution can promote the formation of calcium carbonate crystal nuclei by adjusting the ionic environment of the cementitious material solution, accelerating the deposition process of calcium carbonate. Boric acid solution can improve the stability of calcium carbonate crystal nuclei, making them less likely to dissolve in marine environments. Boric acid solution can improve the mechanical properties of the matrix material, increasing its compressive strength and crack toughness. The carboxyl groups in the sodium alginate solution can crosslink with calcium ions to form a gel network. This gel network can provide a nucleation template for the deposition of calcium carbonate, allowing calcium carbonate crystals to be uniformly distributed in the matrix material. The sodium alginate gel network can improve the stability and durability of the matrix material, making it less likely to break or crack in marine environments. Sodium alginate is a natural biopolymer with good biocompatibility and does not produce toxicity or negative effects on marine organisms.

[0047] Therefore, these ingredients interact in the waste concrete matrix to produce a synergistic effect. Calcium ions in the calcium chloride solution combine with carbonate ions to form calcium carbonate crystals. The formation of calcium carbonate crystals can promote the stability and growth of the waste concrete matrix. Calcium ions in the calcium chloride solution crosslink with the carboxyl groups in sodium alginate to form a stable gel network. This network can fix calcium carbonate crystal nuclei, promoting their uniform distribution. Magnesium ions in the magnesium chloride solution can regulate the crystal form of calcium carbonate, making it closer to the composition of natural coral reefs, while refining the crystal size and improving the material's density and crack toughness. Boric acid solution can promote the formation of calcium carbonate crystal nuclei and their stability by adjusting the ionic environment, accelerating the deposition process of calcium carbonate.

[0048] The concentration and proportion of the cementitious material in this embodiment are designed to enhance the ecological restoration potential of the waste concrete matrix, especially in terms of simulating the complexity and diversity of natural coral reef ecosystems. Calcium ions provided by the calcium chloride solution can react with carbonate ions to form calcium carbonate, enhancing the hardness and stability of the matrix and simulating the main components of coral reefs. Magnesium ions in the magnesium chloride solution further optimize the crystal form of calcium carbonate, improving the durability and crack resistance of the matrix and enhancing its stability in marine environments. Boric acid solution promotes the formation of calcium carbonate crystal nuclei, increasing the strength and compressive resistance of the matrix, thereby enhancing its reliability in long-term use. Crosslinking of sodium alginate solution with calcium ions forms a three-dimensional gel structure that provides a support framework, improving the toughness and crack resistance of the material. The synergistic effect of these ingredients makes the waste concrete matrix have better biocompatibility, stability and durability in simulating the ecosystem of coral reefs, ultimately effectively promoting the restoration and diversity of the ecosystem.

[0049] In one embodiment, the cement is a Portland cement of grade 42.5R.

[0050] Specifically, the Portland cement is a cement with calcium silicate as the main component, usually made from raw materials such as limestone, clay, etc. through high-temperature calcination, with high strength and good durability. Portland cement reacts with water to produce hydration products such as hydrated calcium silicate (C-S-H gel), calcium hydroxide (CH), etc. These products give the cement paste strength and durability. 42.5R means that the 28-day compressive strength of the cement is not less than 42.5 MPa, and has high early strength (R represents "early strength"). The 42.5R Portland cement plays a cementing role in the waste concrete matrix, binding the aggregate, cementitious materials, etc. in the waste concrete matrix together to form a matrix material with certain strength. The hydration products of Portland cement can improve the durability of the matrix material, allowing it to withstand corrosion and impact in the marine environment for a long time. The calcium hydroxide released during the hydration of Portland cement makes the matrix material alkaline, which helps to reduce the impact of seawater acidification on coral growth.

[0051] The 42.5R grade cement of the present embodiment has high early strength, which helps to accelerate the hardening process of the waste concrete matrix and ensures that the repair structure reaches a stable state in a short time, thereby effectively resisting the erosion of natural environments such as tides and sea waves. Secondly, the hydration products of the cement (such as hydrated calcium silicate and calcium hydroxide) improve the strength and durability of the matrix, enhancing its resistance to seawater corrosion and ensuring the stability of the matrix in long-term use. In addition, the alkaline environment of the cement helps to neutralize acidic substances in seawater, reducing the impact of seawater acidification on coral growth, providing more favorable biocompatibility, and further promoting the healthy growth of coral reefs. Therefore, the 42.5R Portland cement not only enhances the physical properties of the waste concrete matrix, but also improves its ecological function, helping to achieve more efficient ecological restoration.

[0052] In one embodiment, the modifier material is a sodium carbonate solution, and the concentration of the sodium carbonate solution is 1-4 mol / L.

[0053] Specifically, within the concentration range of 1-4 mol / L, the supply of carbonate ions is sufficient to fully react with calcium ions in the calcium chloride solution to generate calcium carbonate. Calcium carbonate is an important component of waste concrete substrates, and its generation quantity and quality directly affect the performance of the substrate material. At different concentrations, the crystal form of calcium carbonate may be different. Generally speaking, lower concentrations may tend to generate calcite crystal forms, while higher concentrations may promote the generation of aragonite or high-magnesium calcite. These different crystal forms of calcium carbonate have different physical and chemical properties, such as hardness, solubility, and stability. For example, aragonite has relatively low hardness but high solubility, which is suitable for rapid formation of bioavailable calcium carbonate in marine environments. In addition, the concentration of sodium carbonate solution has a significant impact on the mechanical properties of the substrate material. Within the concentration range of 1-4 mol / L, an appropriate amount of carbonate ions can promote the generation and filling of calcium carbonate, improve the density of the material, and thus enhance the compressive strength. An appropriate amount of carbonate ions can improve the toughness of the material and increase the tensile strength. This is because the generation of calcium carbonate crystals can fill the micro-cracks in the material, reducing stress concentration and thus improving the tensile properties of the material.

[0054] This embodiment uses sodium carbonate solution as a modifier with a concentration ranging from 1-4 mol / L, which can generate calcium carbonate in waste concrete substrates. This process not only improves the mechanical properties of the substrate, such as compressive strength and tensile strength, but also enhances its ecological restoration potential, especially in terms of simulating the complexity and diversity of natural coral reef ecosystems. The generated calcium carbonate, especially aragonite, can quickly dissolve and release calcium sources for marine organisms such as corals, shellfish, and others, thereby accelerating the recovery of the ecosystem. At the same time, the generation of this calcium carbonate simulates the mineralization process in nature, which helps to improve the long-term stability and self-repair of the waste concrete substrate, ultimately promoting the regeneration and diversity of the marine ecological environment.

[0055] In one embodiment, the volume ratio of cementitious material to modifier material is 1:(0.8-1.5).

[0056] Specifically, it is mainly composed of calcium chloride solution, magnesium chloride solution, boric acid solution and sodium alginate solution. Its main role is to generate calcium carbonate through chemical reaction, provide the main cementing component for the matrix material, and enhance the strength and stability of the material. The modifier material is mainly sodium carbonate solution. Its role is to react with calcium chloride to generate calcium carbonate, while adjusting the ion environment during the reaction, promoting the generation of calcium carbonate crystal nucleus and the growth of crystal, and improving the microstructure of the matrix material. The volume ratio of 1:(0.8-1.5) can ensure that the molar ratio of sodium carbonate and calcium chloride is within a reasonable range, so as to ensure the complete reaction and generate enough calcium carbonate to provide good cementing performance. Magnesium chloride is used in the reaction to control the crystal form and crystal size of calcium carbonate, promote the generation of high magnesium calcite / aragonite, and refine the sediment. The appropriate volume ratio can ensure that magnesium chloride plays the best role in the reaction system, so as to generate dense and anti-cracking calcium carbonate crystals. The boric acid solution promotes the generation of calcium carbonate crystal nucleus by adjusting the ion environment, while the sodium alginate solution forms a gel network by cross-linking with calcium ions through its carboxyl group, providing a nucleation template for calcium carbonate deposition.

[0057] The present embodiment can fully react the components at the best ratio to generate stable and dense calcium carbonate crystals, thereby improving the mechanical properties and crack resistance of the matrix material, through the reasonable volume ratio of 1:(0.8-1.5). This design not only optimizes the strength and stability of the material, but also has good ecological restoration potential.

[0058] In one embodiment, the fiber diameter of the coconut fiber is 0.1-0.8mm, and the length is 5-30mm.

[0059] Specifically, coconut fiber can act as a bridge between waste concrete matrix particles, improving the crack toughness and overall stability of the material. In the marine environment, the matrix material will be affected by water flow impact and biological activity. Coconut fiber can effectively reduce the material breakage and crack under these external forces, prolonging the service life of the material. The fiber diameter in the range of 0.1-0.8mm can ensure that the coconut fiber is evenly distributed in the matrix material, forming an effective network structure. This network structure can enhance the toughness and crack resistance of the material. Smaller fiber diameter (such as 0.1mm) can better combine with waste concrete matrix particles, forming good interfacial connection. Larger fiber diameter (such as 0.8mm) can provide stronger bridging effect, enhancing the overall stability of the material. The fiber length in the range of 5-30mm can effectively bridge the waste concrete matrix particles, forming a stable network structure. Longer fibers (such as 30mm) can provide stronger bridging effect, enhancing the overall stability of the material. Longer fibers can better disperse stress and reduce crack propagation. When the material is subjected to external forces, the fibers can absorb part of the energy, preventing further crack propagation, thereby improving the crack resistance of the material.

[0060] The present embodiment can significantly enhance the ecological restoration potential of the waste concrete substrate by limiting the fiber size of the coconut fibers in its application, especially in terms of simulating the complexity and diversity of natural coral reef ecosystems. The fibers of the coconut fibers improve the mechanical properties and crack resistance of the waste concrete substrate by forming a uniformly distributed network structure, similar to the biological support in coral reefs. In addition, the natural degradation characteristics of the coconut fibers help to improve the adaptability of the waste concrete substrate in the marine environment and provide habitats for aquatic organisms, thereby enhancing the ecological adaptability and restoration capacity of the waste concrete substrate. The diversified fiber structure simulates the multi-level and multi-species environment in coral reefs, further improving the stability and long-term service life of the concrete. Therefore, the coconut fibers not only improve the structural strength of the waste concrete substrate, but also promote the restoration of the ecological system and resource recycling, in line with environmental protection requirements.

[0061] In one embodiment, the ecological coating is composed of shell debris, photosynthetic microalgae spores, and a binder; wherein, The particle size of the shell debris is 0.1 mm-1 cm; The photosynthetic microalgae spores are selected from at least one of Chlorella, Dunaliella, Diatom, or marine cyanobacteria; The binder is selected from at least one of sodium alginate-calcium cross-linked gel, chitosan, xanthan gum, sodium metasilicate, or calcium phosphate gel.

[0062] Specifically, the shell debris has a particle size ranging from 0.1 mm to 1 cm, which can provide different sizes of attachment sites to meet the needs of marine organisms of different sizes. The rough surface of the shell debris can simulate the texture of the natural seabed, providing a more natural habitat for marine organisms. Moreover, it is a natural material and friendly to the marine environment, without causing pollution. Chlorella is a single-cell green algae with rapid reproduction and efficient photosynthesis capacity. It can quickly form a stable biofilm in the early stage, providing an attachment substrate for other organisms. Dunaliella is a salt-tolerant alga that can survive and reproduce in high-salt environments, making it suitable for use in marine environments. Diatoms have siliceous shells that can provide stable attachment sites, and their photosynthesis can increase local dissolved oxygen. Marine cyanobacteria are prokaryotes that can perform photosynthesis, with strong adaptability and survival ability, and can survive in various marine environments. The gel formed by the cross-linking of sodium alginate and calcium ions has good biocompatibility and stability, which can provide a stable growth environment for microalgae spores. Chitosan has good biocompatibility and antibacterial properties, which can enhance the stability and durability of the ecological coating. Xanthan gum has good adhesion and stability, which can enhance the adhesion and durability of the ecological coating. Sodium metasilicate can hydrolyze to form silicic acid colloid in aqueous solution, which has good adhesion and cementing properties, can significantly increase the viscosity of the mixed solution, and improve the cementing effect between the particles of waste concrete substrate. Calcium phosphate gel has good biocompatibility and stability, which can provide a stable growth environment for microalgae spores and enhance the mechanical properties of the ecological coating.

[0063] Therefore, the ecological coating can provide attachment sites for coral larvae and other marine organisms, promoting their growth and colonization. The texture and roughness of the ecological coating simulate the natural seabed, providing micro-habitat space for marine organisms. Photosynthetic microalgae spores can perform photosynthesis in the ecological coating, secrete extracellular polysaccharides, increase local dissolved oxygen, and improve the ecological environment. The adhesive can enhance the stability and durability of the ecological coating, preventing the ecological coating from falling off.

[0064] The ecological coating of the present embodiment is composed of shell debris, photosynthetic microalgae spores, and adhesive, which can significantly improve the ecological restoration potential of the substrate material, especially in simulating the complexity and diversity of natural coral reef ecosystems. The rough surface of the shell debris provides abundant attachment sites for microorganisms and algae, similar to the structure of coral reefs, which helps to increase the biodiversity of the substrate. Photosynthetic microalgae spores, such as Chlorella and Diatoms, can improve the dissolved oxygen level of the surrounding environment through photosynthesis, promoting the healthy development of the ecosystem. The adhesive, such as sodium alginate-calcium cross-linked gel or chitosan, enhances the stability and durability of the ecological coating, ensuring the stable growth of microalgae. The synergistic effect of the three not only enhances the ecological restoration function of the waste concrete substrate, but also simulates the multi-level biological habitat environment of natural coral reefs, further improving the complexity and diversity of the ecological system.

[0065] In one embodiment, the ratio between the mass of shell fragments, the mass of the binder and the wet weight of the spores of photosynthetic microalgae is 100:(2-10):(0.1-2); the inoculation amount of the spores of photosynthetic microalgae is 10 6 -10 9 cells·g -1 .

[0066] Specifically, the addition amount of the binder is between 2-10, which can ensure that the ecological coating has sufficient adhesion and stability, while not excessively affecting the air permeability and biological attachment performance of the ecological coating. An appropriate amount of binder can form a uniform gel network, enhance the bonding force between the shell fragments, and improve the overall performance of the ecological coating. The addition amount of the spores of photosynthetic microalgae is between 0.1-2, which can ensure that the density of photosynthetic microalgae in the ecological coating is moderate, which can effectively perform photosynthesis and avoid excessive competition for light and nutrients. An appropriate amount of spores of photosynthetic microalgae can form a stable biological film, providing a good attachment substrate for other marine organisms, promoting the attachment and growth of organisms. The appropriate inoculation amount of spores of photosynthetic microalgae can ensure that the spores of photosynthetic microalgae are evenly distributed in the ecological coating, effectively perform photosynthesis, increase local dissolved oxygen, and promote the attachment and growth of coral larvae.

[0067] The embodiment limits the ratio between the mass of shell fragments, the mass of the binder and the wet weight of the spores of photosynthetic microalgae to 100:(2-10):(0.1-2), which ensures that the ecological coating has sufficient adhesion and stability while providing support and promoting photosynthesis. The particles of shell fragments provide attachment sites for microorganisms, similar to the structure of coral reefs, promoting the attachment and growth of organisms. The moderate addition amount of the binder ensures that the ecological coating can maintain a stable structure and avoid affecting its air permeability and biological attachment performance. An appropriate amount of spores of photosynthetic microalgae helps photosynthesis, increases dissolved oxygen in the water body, and promotes the growth of marine organisms such as coral larvae. Overall, reasonable component ratios and addition amounts not only enhance the physical properties of the ecological coating, but also simulate the ecological characteristics of natural coral reefs, improving the ecological restoration function of waste concrete substrates.

[0068] Figure 1 A flowchart of a preparation method of a coral reef substrate material provided in the embodiment of the present application, comprising: Step S1, uniformly mixing the waste concrete substrate, cement and coconut fiber in proportion to obtain a solid mixture; Step S3, mixing the cementitious material, the modifier material and the sodium metasilicate in proportion, stirring uniformly to obtain a mixed solution; Step S5, add the mixed solution to the solid mixture, stir evenly, then put it into the mold, solidify at a temperature of 20-30°C for 5-10 days, and naturally dry for 3-5 days to obtain the base material precursor; Step S7, coat the ecological coating on the surface of the base material precursor according to the thickness requirement to obtain the coral reef base material.

[0069] Specifically, the waste concrete substrate serves as the main raw material, providing the main structure of the base material. The particle size distribution and alkaline properties of the recycled aggregate help improve the stability and resistance to seawater acidification of the material. Cement, as a cementitious material, enhances the adhesion and strength of the substrate, ensuring the long-term stability of the material in marine environments. Fibers can improve the toughness and crack resistance of the material, while naturally degrading in marine environments, making them environmentally friendly. Mechanical stirring ensures uniform distribution of the components, forming a solid mixture with uniform structure. The cementitious material is composed of calcium chloride solution, magnesium chloride solution, boric acid solution, or sodium alginate solution. The calcium chloride solution reacts with sodium carbonate to form calcium carbonate, which is the main cementing component of the substrate. The magnesium chloride solution is used to control the crystal form and size of calcium carbonate, while the boric acid solution and sodium alginate solution adjust the ionic environment and form a gel network to promote the deposition of calcium carbonate. The sodium carbonate solution reacts with calcium chloride to form calcium carbonate, while adjusting the ionic environment during the reaction process to optimize the crystal growth of calcium carbonate. Sodium metasilicate hydrolyzes in aqueous solution to form silica gel, which has good adhesion and cementing properties, can significantly increase the viscosity of the mixed solution, improve the cementing effect between waste concrete substrate particles, and enhance the durability and impact resistance of the material. By stirring, the components are fully mixed to form a uniform mixed solution. Pour the solid-liquid mixture into the mold to form a base material with a predetermined shape. The shape of the mold (such as a cube, cylinder, triangular prism, etc.) can be selected according to the actual application requirements, or a biomimetic shape can be used to better simulate the natural environment. Solidify at a temperature of 20-30°C for 5-10 days to ensure that the chemical reaction proceeds fully and forms a stable calcium carbonate cementing structure. The length of the solidification time directly affects the strength and stability of the material. Naturally dry for 3-5 days to further improve the strength and durability of the material. The natural drying process helps to reduce the moisture content in the material, improving its corrosion resistance.

[0070] The ecological coating is composed of shell debris, photosynthetic microalgae spores and binder. The shell debris provides attachment sites and roughness that simulates the natural environment; the photosynthetic microalgae spores increase local dissolved oxygen through photosynthesis, promoting biological attachment; the binder (such as sodium alginate-calcium cross-linked gel, chitosan, xanthan gum, sodium metasilicate, calcium phosphate gel) enhances the stability and adhesion of the ecological coating. The ecological coating is uniformly coated on the surface of the substrate material precursor by spraying or rolling, with a thickness of 0.5-2 cm. The uniformity of coating is crucial to ensure the function of the ecological coating. The ecological coating not only provides attachment sites and microhabitat, but also improves the local ecological environment through photosynthesis of photosynthetic microalgae, promoting the attachment and growth of coral larvae and other marine organisms.

[0071] The preparation method of the above-mentioned coral reef substrate material provided by the embodiment provides a stable structural foundation by mixing waste concrete matrix, cement and coconut fiber in proportion, and the addition of coconut fiber enhances the toughness and crack resistance of the material. By mixing the cementitious material, modifier and sodium metasilicate into a solution, a calcium carbonate cement structure similar to coral reef is generated, which not only improves the ecological adaptability of the material, but also provides ideal attachment sites for the attachment and growth of marine organisms, especially coral larvae. Finally, by coating an ecological coating on the surface of the substrate, the ecological function of the material is further enhanced, providing a habitat for marine organisms and promoting the restoration of marine ecosystems. The design of this material not only enhances the ecological restoration potential of waste concrete, but also successfully simulates the complexity and diversity of natural coral reefs, contributing to the long-term restoration and stability of the marine ecological environment.

[0072] In order to better explain the present application, the following specific embodiments are described in detail. In the examples, the parts are by weight unless otherwise specified, and the raw materials in the examples are purchased through commercial channels.

[0073] Example 1 The coral reef substrate material of the embodiment is prepared from the following raw materials: waste concrete matrix 50 parts (waste concrete matrix, coarse aggregate accounts for 58% of the total mass, fine aggregate accounts for 40% of the total mass, and powder accounts for 2% of the total mass), cementitious material 20 parts (consisting of 2 mol / L calcium chloride solution, 0.2 mol / L magnesium chloride solution, and 1 mol / L boric acid solution), cement 5 parts, 2 mol / L sodium carbonate solution 30 parts, sodium metasilicate 0.5 parts, coconut fiber 0.5 parts (fiber diameter 0.1 mm, length 5 mm), 0.5 cm thick ecological coating (shell debris 0.5 cm; photosynthetic microalgae spores including chlorella and dunaliella, and the inoculation amount of photosynthetic microalgae spores is 10 6 cells•g -1The ratio of the mass of the shell fragments, the mass of the binder, and the wet weight of the photosynthetic microalgae spores is 100:5:0.2. The volume ratio of the cementitious material to the modifier material is 1:1.

[0074] A method for preparing the coral reef base material: Preparation of the solid mixture: uniformly mix the coarse aggregate, the fine aggregate, the powder, the cement, and the coconut fiber according to the proportions to obtain the solid mixture.

[0075] Preparation of the mixed solution: uniformly mix the cementitious material, the modifier material, and the sodium metasilicate according to the proportions and stir to obtain the mixed solution.

[0076] Mixing process: slowly add the mixed solution to the solid mixture, fully stir until uniform, and form a solid-liquid mixture.

[0077] Mold pouring and curing: pour the solid-liquid mixture into a cubic mold with a size of 100x100x100mm 3 and a cylindrical mold with a size of Φ100x200mm, and place the molds in a 25°C environment for 7 days of static curing.

[0078] Natural drying: after the curing is completed, take out the sample and naturally dry it at room temperature for 5 days to finally obtain the coral reef base material.

[0079] Example 2 The coral reef base material of this example is prepared from the following raw materials: 50 parts of waste concrete matrix (50% of the total mass of coarse aggregate, 35% of the total mass of fine aggregate, and 1% of the total mass of powder in the waste concrete matrix), 20 parts of cementitious material (consisting of a calcium chloride solution with a concentration of 4 mol / L, a magnesium chloride solution with a concentration of 0.8 mol / L, and a sodium alginate solution with a concentration of 1 wt%), 10 parts of cement, 20 parts of a sodium carbonate solution with a concentration of 1 mol / L, 0.1 parts of sodium metasilicate, 2 parts of coconut fiber (fiber diameter of 0.8 mm and length of 30 mm), and an ecological coating with a thickness of 2 cm (1 cm of shell fragments and 1 cm of photosynthetic microalgae spores including diatoms, marine cyanobacteria, and photosynthetic microalgae spores with an inoculation amount of 10 7 cells•g -1 ; the ratio of the mass of the shell fragments, the mass of the binder, and the wet weight of the photosynthetic microalgae spores is 100:2:0.1. The volume ratio of the cementitious material to the modifier material is 1:0.8.

[0080] A method for preparing the coral reef base material: Preparation of the solid mixture: uniformly mix the coarse aggregate, the fine aggregate, the powder, the cement, and the coconut fiber according to the proportions to obtain the solid mixture.

[0081] Mixed solution preparation: the cementitious material, the modifier material and the sodium metasilicate are mixed in proportion, stirred uniformly to obtain a mixed solution.

[0082] Mixing process: the mixed solution is slowly added to the solid mixture, fully stirred until uniform to form a solid-liquid mixture.

[0083] Mold pouring and curing: the solid-liquid mixture is poured into a cubic mold with a size of 100x100x100mm 3 and a cylindrical mold with a size of Φ100x200mm, and placed at 20℃ for 10 days of curing.

[0084] Natural drying: after the curing is completed, the sample is taken out and naturally dried at room temperature for 4 days to finally obtain the coral reef base material.

[0085] Example 3 The coral reef base material of the present example is prepared from the following raw materials: waste concrete matrix 50 parts (coarse aggregate accounts for 65% of the total mass, fine aggregate accounts for 50% of the total mass, and powder accounts for 3% of the total mass in the waste concrete matrix), cementitious material 30 parts (consisting of calcium chloride solution with a concentration of 1 mol / L, magnesium chloride solution with a concentration of 0.05 mol / L, and boric acid solution with a concentration of 0.3 mol / L), cement 1 part, sodium carbonate solution with a concentration of 4 mol / L 25 parts, sodium metasilicate 5 parts, coconut fiber 5 parts (fiber diameter 0.5mm, length 10mm), 1cm thick ecological coating (shell fragments 0.1mm; photosynthetic microalgae spores including marine cyanobacteria and the inoculation amount of photosynthetic microalgae spores is 10 9 cells•g -1 ; adhesive including sodium alginate-calcium cross-linked gel; wherein the ratio of the mass of shell fragments, the mass of adhesive and the wet weight of photosynthetic microalgae spores is 100:10:2). The volume ratio of cementitious material to modifier material is 1:1.5.

[0086] Preparation method of the coral reef base material: Solid mixture preparation: the coarse aggregate, fine aggregate, powder, cement and coconut fiber are uniformly mixed in proportion to obtain a solid mixture.

[0087] Mixed solution preparation: the cementitious material, the modifier material and the sodium metasilicate are mixed in proportion, stirred uniformly to obtain a mixed solution.

[0088] Mixing process: the mixed solution is slowly added to the solid mixture, fully stirred until uniform to form a solid-liquid mixture.

[0089] Mold pouring and curing: the solid-liquid mixture is poured into a cubic mold with a size of 100x100x100mm 3The sample was placed in a 30°C environment for 5 days of static curing.

[0090] Natural drying: after the curing was completed, the sample was taken out and naturally dried at room temperature for 3 days, and finally the coral reef base material was obtained.

[0091] Comparative Example 1 The same as Example 1, except that the ecological coating was not applied.

[0092] Comparative Example 2 The same as Example 1, except that the gelling material did not contain a magnesium chloride solution.

[0093] Comparative Example 3 The same as Example 2, except that sodium metasilicate was not added.

[0094] Comparative Example 4 The same as Example 3, except that coconut fibers were not added.

[0095] Comparative Example 5 The same as Example 1, except that the ecological coating was not applied, and only pure water was sprayed.

[0096] The coral reef base materials prepared in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-5 above were evaluated. The compressive strength was tested according to GB / T50081-2019 using a cubic sample (100x100x100mm 3 ), and the splitting tensile strength was also tested according to GB / T50081-2019 using a cylindrical sample (Φ100x200mm). The performance statistics of the above coral reef base materials are shown in Table 1. As can be seen from Table 1, Comparative Example 1 exhibited high compressive strength and splitting tensile strength of 23.5±1.8MPa and 2.8±0.2MPa, respectively, under the synergistic effect of magnesium chloride, boric acid, and sodium metasilicate, indicating that this combination can effectively improve the overall performance of the base.

[0097] Comparative Example 2 did not add magnesium chloride, resulting in insufficient interface density and strength decreasing to 19.2±2.0MPa and 2.4±0.1MPa, indicating that Mg 2+ plays a key role in crystal regulation and interface enhancement.

[0098] Comparative Example 3 lacked sodium metasilicate, resulting in a significant lack of bonding force in the base, and the strength further decreased to 17.8±1.5MPa and 1.9±0.2MPa, indicating that sodium metasilicate is a core component for improving bonding performance and crack resistance.

[0099] Comparative Example 4 did not add coconut fiber, lacking the bridging and crack blunting effect of fiber, the strength decreased to 20.6±1.7MPa and 2.1±0.3MPa, indicating the important role of fiber in improving the crack toughness.

[0100] Examples 1 to 3 not only maintained good mechanical properties, indicating a synergistic strengthening effect between the ecological coating and the matrix. In contrast, Comparative Example 5 only sprayed pure water (23.5±1.6MPa, 2.7±0.2MPa), although no ecological coating was provided, but still maintained a strength level close to the standard system, better than Comparative Examples 2, 3 and 4 which lacked key components.

[0101] In summary, magnesium chloride, sodium metasilicate and coconut fiber have a significant effect on the improvement of the mechanical properties of the matrix. The ecological coating not only provides ecological function, but also further enhances the strength performance. The coral reef base material prepared in this application not only reduces the use of cement, but also its compressive strength meets and exceeds the requirements of C20 concrete, with the dual advantages of green low carbon and ecological restoration.

[0102] The coral reef base material prepared in Examples 1 and Comparative Example 5 above was evaluated. After 1 year of curing in a marine environment, the sample was taken out and the biological attachment index (P, kg / m 2 ) and Shannon-Wiener index (H') were calculated in the range of 100mm x 100mm according to the following formula. The biological attachment index is used to reflect the quality of the attached organisms on the sample surface, the larger the value, the better the growth of the organisms; the Shannon-Wiener index is used to evaluate the diversity of the attached organism community on the sample surface, the larger the value, the more species and the higher the diversity of the community.

[0103] wherein m is the dry matter of the attached organisms, kg; s is the sampling area, m 2 ; P i is the ratio of the number of the i-th attached organism to the total number of attached organisms; S is the number of species of attached organisms.

[0104] The performance statistics of the above coral reef base material are shown in Table 2: As can be seen from Table 2, the biological attachment index of Example 1 under the effect of the ecological coating is 17.5±2.6kg / m 2, which is almost twice of that of Comparative Example 5, while its Shannon-Wiener index is 2.47±0.21, which is significantly higher than that of Comparative Example 5 (1.52±0.17). This indicates that the ecological coating can significantly improve the quality and community diversity of the attached organisms on the surface of the sample.

[0105] The Chlorella in the ecological coating forms a stable biofilm through early rapid reproduction, the shell debris provides a rough structure and attachment site, and the calcium phosphate glue as an inorganic bonding matrix enhances the stability of the surface layer, thereby promoting the increase of the number of attached organisms and the improvement of species diversity.

[0106] In contrast, Comparative Example 5, which is only sprayed with pure water, lacks an ecological induction coating, resulting in a low number of attached organisms and a simple community structure, and the ecological function is far inferior to Example 1. The comprehensive results further verify the key role of the ecological coating in improving the ecological restoration potential of waste concrete substrates.

[0107] It should also be noted that the terms "comprising", "containing" or any other variant thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that processes, methods, articles or equipment including a series of elements not only include those elements, but also include other elements not explicitly listed, or further include elements inherent to such processes, methods, articles or equipment. Without more limitations, the element defined by the statement "comprising a" does not exclude the presence of additional identical elements in the process, method, article or equipment including the element.

[0108] The above only describes the embodiments of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application. For those skilled in the art, the present application can have various modifications and changes. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. within the spirit and principles of the present application shall be included in the scope of claims of the present application.

[0109] Although the embodiments of the present application are described in conjunction with the drawings, those skilled in the art can make various modifications and changes without departing from the spirit and scope of the present application, and such modifications and changes fall within the scope defined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A coral reef substrate material, characterized in that, The coral reef base material comprises the following components by weight: 50 parts of waste concrete matrix, 20-30 parts of cementing material, 1-10 parts of cement, 20-30 parts of modifier material, 0.1-5 parts of sodium metasilicate, 0.5-5 parts of coconut fiber, and an ecological coating with a thickness of 0.5-2 cm.

2. The reef substrate material of claim 1, wherein, The waste concrete matrix is a recycled aggregate obtained by crushing construction waste concrete, and comprises the following components by weight percentage: 50-65% of coarse aggregate with a particle size of 4.75-30 mm, 35-50% of fine aggregate with a particle size of 0.075-4.75 nm, and less than or equal to 3% of powder with a particle size less than 0.075 mm; wherein the waste concrete matrix is alkaline.

3. The reef substrate material of claim 1, wherein, The cementing material is composed of calcium chloride solution, magnesium chloride solution and boric acid solution, or the cementing material is composed of calcium chloride solution, magnesium chloride solution and sodium alginate solution; wherein, The concentration of the calcium chloride solution is 1-4 mol / L; The concentration ratio of the magnesium chloride solution to the calcium chloride solution is 1 / 5-1 / 20; The concentration of the boric acid solution is 0.3-2 mol / L; The mass fraction of sodium alginate in the sodium alginate solution is 0.3-1.0 wt%.

4. The reef substrate material of claim 1, wherein, The cement is a Portland cement with a grade of 42.5R.

5. The reef substrate material of claim 1, wherein, The modifier material is a sodium carbonate solution, and the concentration of the sodium carbonate solution is 1-4 mol / L.

6. The reef substrate material of claim 1, wherein, The volume ratio of the cementing material to the modifier material is 1:(0.8-1.5).

7. The reef substrate material of claim 1, wherein, The fiber diameter of the coconut fiber is 0.1-0.8 mm, and the length is 5-30 mm.

8. The reef substrate material of claim 1, wherein, The ecological coating is composed of shell debris, photosynthetic microalgae spores and a binder; wherein, The particle size of the shell debris is 0.1 mm-1 cm; The photosynthetic microalgae spores are selected from at least one of Chlorella, Dunaliella, Diatom or marine cyanobacteria; The binder is selected from at least one of sodium alginate-calcium cross-linked gel, chitosan, xanthan gum, sodium metasilicate, or calcium phosphate gel.

9. The reef substrate material of claim 8, wherein, The ratio between the mass of the shell fragments, the mass of the binder and the wet weight of the photosynthetic microalgal spores is 100:(2-10):(0.1-2); the inoculum of the photosynthetic microalgal spores is 10 6 -10 9 cells•g -1 .

10. A method of making the coral reef substrate material of claim 1, wherein, Comprising: uniformly mixing the waste concrete matrix, cement and coconut fiber in proportion to obtain a solid mixture; mixing the cementing material, modifier material and sodium metasilicate in proportion and stirring uniformly to obtain a mixed solution; adding the mixed solution to the solid mixture, stirring uniformly, and then placing in a mold, curing at a temperature of 20-30℃ for 5-10 days, and naturally drying for 3-5 days to obtain a base material precursor; coating the ecological coating on the surface of the base material precursor according to the thickness requirement to obtain a coral reef base material.

11. Use of a coral reef substrate material, characterized in that, The coral reef base material according to any one of claims 1-9 or prepared by the preparation method of claim 10 is applied to ecological restoration of coral reefs.

12. A method of construction, characterised by, Comprising: obtaining a to-be-restored area of a coral reef; combining at least two or more coral reef base materials according to any one of claims 1-9 or prepared by the preparation method of claim 10 to obtain a combined structure; Transplanting a coral species matching the environmental characteristics of the area to be repaired on the combined structure, and putting the combined structure after transplanting the coral species into the area to be repaired to repair the area to be repaired.

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