Multi-layer collaborative energy consumption type pier anti-collision device and working method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a multi-layer cooperative energy consumption type bridge pier anti-collision device and a working method thereof.The multi-layer cooperative energy consumption type bridge pier anti-collision device comprises four sets of UHPC protection plates, the four sets of UHPC protection plates define a rectangular frame structure, and the rectangular frame structure is arranged outside a bridge pier; the reinforcing layer comprises a steel plate reinforcing layer I and a steel plate reinforcing layer II, the steel plate reinforcing layer I is arranged on the inner wall of the UHPC protection plate, the steel plate reinforcing layer II is arranged in the steel plate reinforcing layer I, and the two sides of the steel plate reinforcing layer I are connected with the steel plate reinforcing layer II through pulleys; the composite buffer unit comprises an outer steel shell, a rubber cylinder and an inner steel shell; an elastic buffer unit; the front side of the rectangular frame structure defined by the UHPC protection plates is detachably connected with an assembly type negative Poisson's ratio material prefabricated slab. Impact force and displacement can be effectively reduced, good residual resistance can be kept after impact, and the damage risk caused by too large local stress of the pier is greatly reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of bridge engineering protection technology, and in particular to a multi-layered collaborative energy-dissipating bridge pier anti-collision device and its working method. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of transportation infrastructure construction, the safety of bridges, as important transportation hubs, is receiving increasing attention. Bridge piers, as the main load-bearing components of bridges, are frequently threatened by external impact loads from falling rocks, vehicle collisions, and ship collisions. Traditional pier protection measures mainly rely on increasing the cross-sectional dimensions of components or improving material strength to enhance impact resistance. However, this method often leads to increased structural weight and costs, and the structural damage after an impact is difficult to recover. Therefore, pier protection devices are necessary.

[0003] The existing bridge pier protection devices mainly have the following problems: Traditional steel protective devices mainly dissipate energy through plastic deformation, which is irreversible and makes it difficult to restore the original protective capacity after structural damage. Single-material protective devices have a limited energy consumption mechanism and limited protective effect. Without effective environmental protection measures, steel is susceptible to corrosion, which affects its service life. There is a lack of targeted protection strategies against impacts of different energy levels.

[0004] Based on the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides a multi-layer collaborative energy-consuming bridge pier anti-collision device and its working method. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a multi-layered, collaborative energy-dissipating bridge pier anti-collision device and its working method to solve the problems existing in the prior art.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following solution: The present invention provides a multi-layer cooperative energy-dissipating bridge pier anti-collision device, comprising: UHPC protection board, the UHPC protection board is provided in four groups, the four groups of UHPC protection boards are arranged to form a rectangular frame structure, the rectangular frame structure is set outside the bridge pier; The reinforcing layer includes a steel plate reinforcing layer I and a steel plate reinforcing layer II, both of which are frame structures. The steel plate reinforcing layer I is disposed on the inner wall of the UHPC protective plate, and the steel plate reinforcing layer II is disposed inside the steel plate reinforcing layer I and is attached to the bridge pier. The steel plate reinforcing layer II is fixed to the bridge pier by bolts. The two sides of the steel plate reinforcing layer I are connected to the steel plate reinforcing layer II by pulleys, and cavities are formed between the two ends of the steel plate reinforcing layer II and the steel plate reinforcing layer I. A composite buffer unit, wherein several sets of composite buffer units are arranged side by side in the cavity on the front side of the bridge pier, the composite buffer unit includes an outer steel shell, a rubber cylinder and an inner steel shell, the inner steel shell and the outer steel shell are respectively disposed on the inner wall and the outer wall of the rubber cylinder, and the outer steel shell is fixed to the steel plate reinforcing layer I and the steel plate reinforcing layer II; An elastic buffer unit is disposed within the gap on the rear side of the inner steel shell and is fixed to the outer steel shell and the inner steel shell; The front side of the rectangular frame structure formed by the UHPC protection board is detachably connected to a prefabricated panel made of negative Poisson's ratio material.

[0007] According to the multi-layer collaborative energy-dissipating bridge pier anti-collision device provided by the present invention, the elastic buffer unit includes a plurality of buffer springs, which are respectively fixed between the steel plate reinforcing layer I and the steel plate reinforcing layer II. The buffer springs in the middle part are arranged perpendicularly to the steel plate reinforcing layer I and the steel plate reinforcing layer II, and the buffer springs in the remaining part are arranged in a divergent manner.

[0008] According to the multi-layer collaborative energy-dissipating bridge pier anti-collision device provided by the present invention, the UHPC protective plate is made of ultra-high performance concrete with a thickness of 50-100mm, and is used to resist external environmental corrosion and low-energy impact.

[0009] According to the multi-layer collaborative energy-dissipating bridge pier anti-collision device provided by the present invention, the thickness of the steel plate reinforcing layer I is 5-15mm.

[0010] According to the multi-layer collaborative energy-consuming bridge pier anti-collision device provided by the present invention, both the inner steel shell and the outer steel shell are made of high-strength steel, and the wall thickness is 3-8mm.

[0011] According to the multi-layer collaborative energy-dissipating bridge pier anti-collision device provided by the present invention, the rubber cylinder is made of highly elastic rubber material with a thickness of 20-60mm.

[0012] According to the multi-layer collaborative energy-dissipating bridge pier anti-collision device provided by the present invention, the stiffness of the buffer spring is 1000-5000 N / mm.

[0013] According to the multi-layer collaborative energy-consuming bridge pier anti-collision device provided by the present invention, the prefabricated negative Poisson's ratio material precast panel includes a drawer-type outer shell and a negative Poisson's ratio material filled in the drawer-type outer shell. The drawer-type outer shell is connected to the UHPC protection plate by bolts. Bolts are pre-embedded in the UHPC protection plate. Several sets of through bolt holes are provided on the drawer-type outer shell. The bolts pass through the through holes and are fixed by nuts to realize the connection between the UHPC protection plate and the drawer-type outer shell, which is convenient for replacement.

[0014] A method for operating a multi-layered collaborative energy-dissipating bridge pier anti-collision device includes the following steps: Step 1: When a rock impacts the bridge pier, it first contacts the prefabricated negative Poisson's ratio material slab, compressing it to dissipate energy. As the impact force continues to increase, it acts on the four sets of UHPC protective plates outside the bridge pier. The rectangular frame structure formed by the four sets of UHPC protective plates directly bears the initial impact force of the rock due to its high strength characteristics, preventing the rock from directly contacting the bridge pier body. At the same time, the rectangular frame structure evenly distributes the concentrated load generated by the rock impact to its various areas and transfers it to the steel plate reinforcement layer I attached to the inner wall of the UHPC protective plate. Step 2: After receiving the distributed load from the UHPC protection plate, the steel plate reinforcement layer I maintains the stability of load transmission through its own high stiffness characteristics, and transmits the load to the composite buffer unit. Step 3: When the load is transferred to several sets of composite buffer units in the front cavity of the pier, the outer steel shell of the composite buffer unit first works with steel plate reinforcement layer I and steel plate reinforcement layer II to bear the load. The outer steel shell then undergoes plastic deformation, initially absorbing some of the impact energy. Next, the outer steel shell transfers the remaining load to the rubber cylinder on its inner wall. Under the action of the load, the rubber cylinder undergoes large elastic-plastic deformation, efficiently absorbing a large amount of impact energy. At the same time, the inner steel shell on the inner wall of the rubber cylinder provides sufficient space for the elastic-plastic deformation of the rubber cylinder, avoiding the decrease in energy dissipation capacity due to the limited deformation of the rubber cylinder. During this process, the outer steel shell always maintains a stable connection with steel plate reinforcement layers I and II through a fixed structure, ensuring that the load transfer and energy absorption process continues. Step four: The composite buffer unit and the elastic buffer unit work together to absorb energy, greatly reducing the force that is ultimately transmitted to the pier body; at the same time, the elastic recovery force of the elastic buffer unit can help slow down the excessive deformation of the composite buffer unit, ultimately achieving all-round protection for the pier and reducing the damage caused by falling rocks.

[0015] The present invention discloses the following technical effects: The device forms a rectangular frame structure with four sets of UHPC protective plates, which can preferentially absorb the initial impact of falling rocks and prevent them from directly contacting the bridge piers. At the same time, the steel plate reinforcement layer I on the inner wall of the UHPC protective plate can evenly transfer the concentrated load to the two sets of steel plate reinforcement layers II inside the rectangular frame. Then, the steel plate reinforcement layers II further disperse the load to the front and rear side cavities, effectively preventing the impact load from being concentrated on the bridge piers. This significantly reduces the risk of damage to the bridge piers due to excessive local stress and provides a stable foundation for subsequent buffering and energy dissipation.

[0016] In the composite buffer unit, the outer steel shell first absorbs part of the impact energy through plastic deformation. The rubber cylinder on its inner wall can undergo large elastic-plastic deformation under the support of the inner and outer steel shells, efficiently absorbing a large amount of energy. The inner steel shell can also provide sufficient space for the deformation of the rubber cylinder, avoiding deformation restriction. The subsequent elastic buffer unit further absorbs the remaining energy through elastic deformation. Under the synergistic effect of multiple mechanisms, the impact energy of falling rocks can be significantly weakened, permanent damage to the device can be reduced, the displacement of the pier top can be indirectly reduced, and the safety of the pier structure can be protected.

[0017] All components are fixedly connected to form a whole. The rectangular frame structure fits tightly against the bridge pier, improving the overall stability of the device and preventing components from loosening during impact. Multiple sets of composite buffer units are arranged side by side in the front cavity, which can be flexibly adapted according to the impact intensity of falling rocks to meet the needs of different impact scenarios. In addition, the outermost UHPC protective plate can resist external environmental erosion, reduce corrosion and wear of internal steel plate reinforcement layers, composite buffer units and other components, extend the service life of the device and ensure long-term protection. Attached Figure Description

[0018] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0019] Figure 1 This is an isometric view of the multi-layer collaborative energy-consuming bridge pier anti-collision device of the present invention; Figure 2 Stress distribution diagram for protective devices with different rubber layer thicknesses; Figure 3 The time history curve of the impact force of falling rocks hitting the bridge pier; Figure 4 The time history curve of the lateral displacement of the pier top under the impact of falling rocks; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the negative Poisson's ratio material of the present invention.

[0020] The components include: 1. UHPC protective plate; 2. Steel plate reinforcement layer I; 3. Steel plate reinforcement layer II; 4. Outer steel shell; 5. Rubber cylinder; 6. Inner steel shell; 7. Prefabricated panel of negative Poisson's ratio material; 8. Buffer spring; 9. Pulley. Detailed Implementation

[0021] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0022] To make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0023] Reference Figures 1-5 This invention provides a multi-layered collaborative energy-dissipating bridge pier anti-collision device and its working method, comprising: UHPC protection plate 1, four sets of UHPC protection plate 1 are provided, and the four sets of UHPC protection plate 1 form a rectangular frame structure, which is set outside the bridge pier. The reinforcing layer includes steel plate reinforcing layer I2 and steel plate reinforcing layer II3. Both steel plate reinforcing layer I2 and steel plate reinforcing layer II3 are frame structures. Steel plate reinforcing layer I2 is installed on the inner wall of UHPC protective plate 1, and steel plate reinforcing layer II3 is installed inside steel plate reinforcing layer I2 and is attached to the bridge pier. Steel plate reinforcing layer II3 is fixed to the bridge pier by bolts. The two sides of steel plate reinforcing layer I2 and steel plate reinforcing layer II3 are connected by pulleys. Cavities are formed between the two ends of steel plate reinforcing layer II3 and steel plate reinforcing layer I2. The composite buffer unit consists of several sets arranged side by side in the cavity on the front side of the bridge pier. The composite buffer unit includes an outer steel shell 4, a rubber cylinder 5 and an inner steel shell 6. The inner steel shell 6 and the outer steel shell 4 are respectively installed on the inner wall and outer wall of the rubber cylinder 5. The outer steel shell 4 is fixed to the steel plate reinforcing layer I2 and the steel plate reinforcing layer II3. An elastic buffer unit is provided in the gap behind the inner steel shell 6 and is fixed to the outer steel shell 4 and the inner steel shell 6. Among them, the front side of the UHPC protection plate 1, which forms a rectangular frame structure, is detachably connected to a prefabricated panel 7 made of assembled negative Poisson's ratio material.

[0024] Further optimization of the scheme: the elastic buffer unit includes several buffer springs 8, which are fixed between the steel plate reinforcing layer I2 and the steel plate reinforcing layer II3 respectively. The buffer springs 8 in the middle part are arranged perpendicular to the steel plate reinforcing layer I2 and the steel plate reinforcing layer II3, while the buffer springs 8 in the remaining part are arranged in a divergent manner.

[0025] The design has been further optimized. The UHPC protection plate 1 is made of ultra-high performance concrete with a thickness of 50-100mm to resist external environmental corrosion and low-energy impacts.

[0026] The design was further optimized so that the thickness of the steel plate reinforcement layer I2 is 5-15mm.

[0027] The design was further optimized so that both the inner steel shell 6 and the outer steel shell 4 are made of high-strength steel with a wall thickness of 3-8mm.

[0028] The design was further optimized by using a high-elasticity rubber material for the rubber cylinder 5, with a thickness of 20-60mm.

[0029] Further optimization of the design resulted in a stiffness of 1000-5000 N / mm for the buffer spring 8.

[0030] The scheme is further optimized. The prefabricated negative Poisson's ratio material slab 7 includes a drawer-type outer shell and negative Poisson's ratio material filled in the drawer-type outer shell. The drawer-type outer shell is connected to the UHPC protection plate 1 by bolts. Bolts are pre-embedded in the UHPC protection plate 1. Several sets of through bolt holes are set on the drawer-type outer shell. The bolts pass through the through holes and are fixed by nuts to realize the connection between the UHPC protection plate 1 and the drawer-type outer shell, which is convenient for replacement.

[0031] The negative Poisson's ratio material parameters are set as follows: cell height h, tilt angle θ of the star-shaped oblique cell wall, and cell wall thickness t. The lengths and angles of all other members can be calculated from these three parameters. l1 is the length of the star-shaped cell wall, l2 and l3 are the lengths of the longer and shorter cell walls in the double-arrowhead structure, α and β are the included angles, and l1=l2. r is the radius of the inner ring.

[0032] A method for operating a multi-layered collaborative energy-dissipating bridge pier anti-collision device includes the following steps: Step 1: When the falling rock impacts the bridge pier, it first contacts the prefabricated negative Poisson's ratio material slab 7, compressing the prefabricated negative Poisson's ratio material slab 7 to dissipate energy. As the impact force continues to increase, the impact force acts on the four sets of UHPC protective plates 1 on the outside of the bridge pier. The rectangular frame structure formed by the four sets of UHPC protective plates 1 directly bears the initial impact force of the falling rock due to its own high strength characteristics, preventing the falling rock from directly contacting the bridge pier body. At the same time, the rectangular frame structure evenly distributes the concentrated load generated by the impact of the falling rock to its own area and transfers it to the steel plate reinforcement layer I2 attached to the inner wall of the UHPC protective plate 1. Step 2: After receiving the distributed load from the UHPC protection plate 1, the steel plate reinforcing layer I2 maintains the stability of load transmission through its own high stiffness characteristics, and transmits the load to the composite buffer unit. Step 3: When the load is transferred to several sets of composite buffer units in the front cavity of the pier, the outer steel shell 4 in the composite buffer unit first works with the steel plate reinforcement layer I2 and the steel plate reinforcement layer II3 to bear the load. The outer steel shell 4 then undergoes plastic deformation, initially absorbing some of the impact energy. Next, the outer steel shell 4 transfers the remaining load to the rubber cylinder 5 on its inner wall. Under the action of the load, the rubber cylinder 5 undergoes large elastic-plastic deformation, efficiently absorbing a large amount of impact energy. At the same time, the inner steel shell 6 on the inner wall of the rubber cylinder 5 provides sufficient space for the elastic-plastic deformation of the rubber cylinder 5, avoiding the decrease in energy dissipation capacity due to the limited deformation of the rubber cylinder 5. During this period, the outer steel shell 4 always maintains a stable connection with the steel plate reinforcement layers I2 and II through the fixed structure, ensuring that the load transfer and energy absorption process continues. Step four: The composite buffer unit and the elastic buffer unit work together to absorb energy, greatly reducing the force that is ultimately transmitted to the pier body; at the same time, the elastic recovery force of the elastic buffer unit can help slow down the excessive deformation of the composite buffer unit, ultimately achieving all-round protection for the pier and reducing the damage caused by falling rocks.

[0033] Figure 5 The time history curves of the impact force on the bridge pier and the changes in the displacement at the top of the pier are presented under different lateral impact velocities (V1=15m / s, V2=25m / s, V3=35m / s, corresponding to impact energies of 1333kJ, 3701kJ, and 7225kJ, respectively). The results show that the protective structure can significantly reduce the peak impact force. At the three impact velocities, the peak impact force was reduced by 81.3%, 83.2%, and 85.6%, respectively. Regarding the displacement at the top of the pier, although the peak displacement showed a decreasing trend with increasing impact velocity, the rate of reduction gradually decreased, decreasing by 74.1%, 75.3%, and 69.9%, respectively. Therefore, this protective device can effectively improve the impact resistance of the bridge pier.

[0034] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "longitudinal", "lateral", "up", "down", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing this invention, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this invention.

[0035] The embodiments described above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Various modifications and improvements made by those skilled in the art to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit of the present invention should fall within the protection scope defined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A multi-layered cooperative energy dissipation type bridge pier anti-collision device, characterized in that, Comprise: UHPC protection plate (1), four groups of UHPC protection plate (1) are provided, four groups of UHPC protection plate (1) are enclosed to form a rectangular frame structure, and the rectangular frame structure is arranged outside the pier; The reinforcing layer includes a steel plate reinforcing layer I (2) and a steel plate reinforcing layer II (3), the steel plate reinforcing layer I (2) and the steel plate reinforcing layer II (3) are both frame structures, the steel plate reinforcing layer I (2) is arranged on the inner wall of the UHPC protection plate (1), the steel plate reinforcing layer II (3) is arranged in the steel plate reinforcing layer I (2) and is attached to the pier, the steel plate reinforcing layer II (3) is fixed to the pier by bolts, and the steel plate reinforcing layer I (2) is connected to the steel plate reinforcing layer II (3) on both sides by pulleys, and cavities are formed between the steel plate reinforcing layer II (3) and the steel plate reinforcing layer I (2) at both ends, respectively; The composite buffer unit is arranged side by side in the cavity in front of the pier, and the composite buffer unit includes an outer steel shell (4), a rubber cylinder (5) and an inner steel shell (6), the inner steel shell (6) and the outer steel shell (4) are arranged on the inner wall and the outer wall of the rubber cylinder (5), respectively, and the outer steel shell (4) is fixed with the steel plate reinforcing layer I (2) and the steel plate reinforcing layer II (3); The elastic buffer unit is arranged in the interval at the back side of the inner steel shell (6) and is fixed with the outer steel shell (4) and the inner steel shell (6); Wherein, the front side of the UHPC protection plate (1) enclosed to form a rectangular frame structure is detachably connected with an assembly type negative Poisson's ratio material prefabricated plate (7).

2. A multi-layered cooperative energy dissipation type bridge pier anti-collision device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The elastic buffer unit includes a plurality of buffer springs (8), the buffer springs (8) are fixed between the steel plate reinforcing layer I (2) and the steel plate reinforcing layer II (3), respectively, the buffer springs (8) in the middle part are arranged vertically to the steel plate reinforcing layer I (2) and the steel plate reinforcing layer II (3), and the buffer springs (8) in the remaining part are arranged in a divergent manner.

3. A multi-layered cooperative energy dissipation type bridge pier anti-collision device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The UHPC protection plate (1) is made of ultra-high performance concrete, with a thickness of 50-100mm, for resisting external environmental corrosion and low energy impact.

4. A multi-layered cooperative energy dissipation type bridge pier anti-collision device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The thickness of the steel plate reinforcing layer I (2) is 5-15mm.

5. A multi-layered cooperative energy dissipation type bridge pier anti-collision device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The inner steel shell (6) and the outer steel shell (4) are both made of high-strength steel material, with a wall thickness of 3-8mm.

6. A multi-layered cooperative energy dissipation type bridge pier anti-collision device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The rubber cylinder (5) is made of high-elasticity rubber material, with a thickness of 20-60mm.

7. A multi-layered cooperative energy dissipation type bridge pier anti-collision device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The stiffness of the buffer spring (8) is 1000-5000N / mm.

8. A multi-layered cooperative energy dissipation type bridge pier anti-collision device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The assembly type negative Poisson's ratio material prefabricated plate (7) includes a drawer type shell and a negative Poisson's ratio material filled in the drawer type shell, the drawer type shell is connected with the UHPC protection plate (1) by bolts, the UHPC protection plate (1) is pre-buried with bolts, a plurality of groups of through-bolt holes are arranged on the drawer type shell, the bolts pass through the long holes and are fixed by nuts, the connection between the UHPC protection plate (1) and the drawer type shell is realized, and replacement is facilitated.

9. A method for working a multi-layered cooperative energy dissipation type bridge pier anti-collision device, based on the multi-layered cooperative energy dissipation type bridge pier anti-collision device according to any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that, Comprise the following steps: Step one, when the rockfall impacts the pier, it first contacts the prefabricated plate of assembled negative Poisson's ratio material (7) and extrudes it to dissipate energy. When the impact force continues to increase, it acts on the four groups of UHPC protection plates (1) outside the pier. The rectangular frame structure formed by the four groups of UHPC protection plates (1) directly bears the initial impact force of the rockfall by virtue of its high strength characteristics, preventing the rockfall from directly contacting the pier body. At the same time, the rectangular frame structure uniformly disperses the concentrated load generated by the rockfall impact to each region of itself and transfers it to the steel plate reinforcement layer I (2) attached to the inner wall of the UHPC protection plate (1); Step two, after the steel plate reinforcement layer I (2) receives the dispersed load from the UHPC protection plate (1), on the one hand, it maintains the stability of load transmission by its high stiffness characteristics, and on the other hand, it transfers the load to the composite buffer unit; Step three, when the load is transferred to the several groups of composite buffer units in the front cavity of the pier, the outer steel shell (4) in the composite buffer unit first cooperates with the steel plate reinforcement layer I (2) and steel plate reinforcement layer II (3) to receive the load. The outer steel shell (4) then plastically deforms, preliminarily absorbing part of the impact energy. Then, the outer steel shell (4) transfers the remaining load to the rubber cylinder (5) on its inner wall. The rubber cylinder (5) undergoes elastic-plastic large deformation under the action of the load, efficiently absorbing a large amount of impact energy. At the same time, the inner steel shell (6) on the inner wall of the rubber cylinder (5) provides sufficient space for the elastic-plastic deformation of the rubber cylinder (5), avoiding the decrease of energy dissipation capacity due to the limited deformation of the rubber cylinder (5). During this period, the outer steel shell (4) always maintains stable connection with the steel plate reinforcement layer I (2) and II through the fixed structure, ensuring the continuous process of load transmission and energy absorption. Step four, the composite buffer unit and the elastic buffer unit cooperatively absorb energy, greatly weakening the force finally transmitted to the pier body. At the same time, the elastic restoring force of the elastic buffer unit can assist in alleviating the excessive deformation of the composite buffer unit, ultimately achieving the all-round protection of the pier and reducing the damage caused by rockfall impact.

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