Foundation deformation experiment device and use method

Abstract

This application relates to the field of foundation testing technology, specifically a foundation deformation testing device. The device includes a simulated foundation and tensile piles mounted on the foundation, as well as a test box, jacks, and pressure steel beams mounted on the simulated foundation. The test box is hollow and filled with a filler material. Loading covers and bottom plates are respectively installed on the upper and lower sides of the test box. The pressure steel beams consist of two vertically distributed steel beams, one and two, positioned along the X and Z axes. Tension anchors are installed between the steel beams and the tensile piles. This foundation deformation testing device and its method of use utilize hydraulically driven automatic jacking of the loading carrier, replacing the traditional manual prying and hammering methods. This saves time and effort, is highly efficient, and can realistically simulate the stress conditions of the foundation in actual engineering projects, including vertical pressure and possible tensile forces, making the experimental results more valuable.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of foundation testing technology, and in particular to a foundation deformation testing device and its usage method. Background Technology

[0002] In the field of civil engineering, the stability and deformation characteristics of the foundation are crucial to the safety of buildings. High embankment foundations are widely used in various projects; however, different geological conditions, fill types, fill heights, and load magnitudes all significantly affect the deformation and stability of high embankment foundations.

[0003] Traditional research methods rely heavily on theoretical calculations and field monitoring. However, theoretical calculations are often based on many simplified assumptions and are difficult to accurately reflect the foundation deformation under complex geological conditions. Although field monitoring can obtain actual data, it is limited by the number of monitoring points and the monitoring range, making it difficult to fully grasp the deformation patterns and stress distribution of the foundation.

[0004] To conduct a more in-depth study of the characteristics of foundation deformation and failure, an experimental device capable of simulating different geological conditions and working conditions is needed. However, existing foundation experimental equipment is insufficient in simulating complex geological conditions and lacks adequate auxiliary functions such as material feeding. Furthermore, it lacks effective response mechanisms when abnormal situations such as material feeding obstruction occur, affecting experimental efficiency and data accuracy. Therefore, developing a foundation deformation experimental device capable of accurately simulating different geological conditions, possessing comprehensive material feeding functions, and able to cope with abnormal situations has become an urgent problem to be solved in the field of civil engineering. This paper proposes a foundation deformation experimental device and its usage method to address the aforementioned problems. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In order to improve the accuracy of experiments, this application provides a foundation deformation test device and its usage method, which has the advantages of high experimental accuracy and solves the problems mentioned above.

[0006] This application provides a foundation deformation testing device and its usage method, adopting the following technical solution:

[0007] A foundation deformation test device includes a test device, which includes a simulated foundation and tensile piles set on the foundation, as well as a test box, jacks and pressure steel beams set on the simulated foundation.

[0008] The test box is hollow inside and filled with a filling material. Loading cover plate and bottom plate are respectively provided on the upper and lower sides of the test box. The pressure steel beam is composed of steel beam one and steel beam two distributed vertically. Steel beam one and steel beam two are horizontally placed in the X and Z directions. Anti-pull anchor is installed between steel beam two and the anti-pull pile. Several sensors are installed inside the simulated foundation.

[0009] The test box is equipped with a feeding module on its exterior. The feeding module includes a mounting frame, a top rod mounted on the mounting frame, a drive mechanism, a striking structure, and a second reverse push structure. The bottom of the top rod is connected to the loading cover plate, and a guide plate that is linked and cooperates with the striking structure is slidably mounted on the inner side of the mounting frame. The top side of the guide plate is also connected to the second reverse push structure.

[0010] The driving mechanism is used to drive the top rod and the striking structure respectively. The driving mechanism includes a hydraulic telescopic rod, a connecting rod and a first reverse thrust structure installed at the bottom end of the connecting rod, wherein the first reverse thrust structure and the second reverse thrust structure are used in conjunction.

[0011] A slope protection structure is provided between the simulated foundation and the foundation, and the loading cover plate is movably installed on the top side of the test box;

[0012] The mounting bracket is bolted to the side wall of the test box, and a guide rail is fixed on the inner wall of the mounting bracket. The guide plate is slidably connected to the guide rail. The guide plate has a wave-shaped guide groove inside that works in conjunction with the striking structure. The jack is fixedly installed between the test box and the pressure steel beam.

[0013] Optionally: the number of tension piles is four, and the four tension piles are distributed in a rectangular pile configuration. The sensors are pressure sensor bodies, strain sensor bodies, and displacement sensor bodies, respectively. The number of steel beams is two, and the two steel beams are symmetrically distributed. The number of tension anchors is the same as the number of tension piles. The four tension anchors are respectively connected to the two ends of the two steel beams. The output end of the jack is fixed to the middle of the steel beam.

[0014] Optionally: the base plate is movably installed on the bottom side of the test box, the jack is fixed to the middle of the upper surface of the loading cover plate, the inside of the push rod is provided with a vent hole communicating with the inside of the loading cover plate, and the bottom end of the push rod is fixed to the upper surface of the loading cover plate through a flange.

[0015] Optionally: The output end of the hydraulic telescopic rod is equipped with a connecting block fixed to the connecting rod. The first thrust structure includes a pressure cylinder with a flange installed at the bottom end of the connecting rod. The interiors of the pressure cylinder and the connecting rod are both hollow, and the bottom end of the connecting rod communicates with the interior of the pressure cylinder. A piston is provided inside the pressure cylinder. A stopper rod is fixed on the outer wall of the piston. An upper abutment block is fixed at the bottom end of the stopper rod. A lower abutment block is provided below the upper abutment block.

[0016] Optionally: the lower abutment block is fixed to the outer surface of the top rod, the upper abutment block extends and retracts via a hydraulic telescopic rod to abut against the lower abutment block and the striking structure respectively, and a return spring is installed between the outer surface of the plug rod and the bottom side of the pressure cylinder.

[0017] Optionally, the striking structure includes two horizontal plates disposed outside the test chamber, a plurality of striking rods disposed between the two horizontal plates, and a striking block installed at one end of each of the striking rods. An elastic component is installed between the two horizontal plates, and a guide block connected to a guide plate is disposed on the outside of the horizontal plate away from the test chamber. A guide wheel that rolls with the guide groove is rotatably installed inside the guide block.

[0018] Optionally, the striking structure further includes a guide seat fixed to the outer wall of the test chamber, and the horizontal plate near the test chamber is slidably connected to the guide seat;

[0019] The elastic component includes a piston cylinder and a second stopper rod between the two cross plates. The piston cylinder contains a second piston. The other end of the second stopper rod is fixed to the outer wall of the second piston. A second return spring is installed between the outer surface of the second stopper rod and the piston cylinder. A nozzle facing the guide seat is installed on the outer wall of the piston cylinder.

[0020] Optionally: The second thrust structure includes a rectangular tube fixed inside the mounting frame. The rectangular tube has a cavity inside, and a thrust block is provided inside the cavity. A connecting rod connected to the guide plate is fixed to the bottom side of the thrust block, and a connecting pipe connected to the connecting rod is fixed to the top side of the rectangular tube.

[0021] Another problem that this invention also needs to solve is to provide a method for using a foundation deformation testing device, including the following steps:

[0022] S1. Preparation Phase:

[0023] S1-1: Select a suitable test site and excavate a test pit, backfill with different types of soil to simulate foundations under different geological conditions;

[0024] S1-2: Set up a slope protection structure on the natural foundation, construct a simulated foundation, and bury various sensors in it;

[0025] S1-3: Place the test box with a movable base plate at the bottom on the simulated foundation, fill it with fill material, and cover it with a movable loading cover plate on top;

[0026] S1-4: Install the reaction system: Construct a pressure steel beam consisting of steel beam one and steel beam two, and firmly connect it to the anti-tension piles at the four corners through anti-tension anchors;

[0027] S1-5: Fix the jack base to the loading cover plate, with its output end resting on the middle of the steel beam;

[0028] S2, Loading and Detection Phase:

[0029] S2-1: Start the jack, its piston rod pushes upward to pressurize the steel beam. Since the reaction system is anchored by the anti-pull pile, the reaction force forces the jack downward to generate pressure. The reaction force causes the jack cylinder to press down on the test box, thereby compressing the carrier inside the test box, squeezing the foundation, and realizing the test. This applies a huge vertical load to the loading cover plate and the filling body.

[0030] S2-2: The load is transferred to the simulated foundation through the filling material. Throughout the process, all sensors collect stress, strain and displacement data in real time for subsequent analysis.

[0031] In summary, this application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects:

[0032] 1. This invention uses hydraulically driven automatic ejection of the mounting carrier, which changes the outdated method of relying on manual prying and hammering. It saves time and effort, is highly efficient, and can more realistically simulate the stress conditions of the foundation in actual engineering, including vertical pressure and possible pull-out force, making the experimental results more valuable.

[0033] 2. This invention, by setting pressure sensor, strain sensor and displacement sensor inside the simulated foundation, can simultaneously monitor multiple key parameters of the foundation such as pressure, strain and displacement, to fully understand the deformation characteristics of the foundation and provide more detailed data support for engineering design and construction.

[0034] 3. In this invention, the hydraulic telescopic rod extends and retracts to drive the top rod downward, and in conjunction with the automatic tapping of the tapping structure, it not only helps to properly vibrate or loosen the test box after testing, but also facilitates the discharge of materials inside the test box or further observation of the test box's response, providing convenience for subsequent cleaning or further testing.

[0035] 4. In this invention, when the material feeding is obstructed, the continuous input of the hydraulic telescopic rod causes the resistance of the obstruction and the thrust of the hydraulic telescopic rod to squeeze the piston one, causing it to extend into the pressure cylinder. At this time, the reverse thrust block, under pressure, drives the guide plate to slide on the guide rail through the connecting rod, realizing the linkage between the reverse thrust structure one and the reverse thrust structure two, effectively avoiding equipment damage or test interruption due to material feeding obstruction, and improving the reliability and stability of the equipment.

[0036] 5. In this invention, the combination of reverse push combination one and reverse push structure two enables the guide plate to drive the striking structure again when it moves, further cooperating with the top rod to perform the material feeding work, thereby realizing the secondary driving of the striking structure. When the material feeding is obstructed, the material feeding problem can be solved more effectively by increasing the striking force or changing the striking method, improving the material feeding efficiency and ensuring the smooth progress of the testing process. Attached Figure Description

[0037] Figure 1 This is a structural plan view of the test equipment in this application;

[0038] Figure 2 This is a structural plan view of the material cutting module after installation.

[0039] Figure 3 This is a three-dimensional structural view of the material cutting module of this application;

[0040] Figure 4 This is a cross-sectional view of the material cutting module of this application;

[0041] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the driving mechanism and the second reverse structure of this application;

[0042] Figure 6 This is a top view of the overall structure of the material module in this application;

[0043] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the striking structure of this application;

[0044] Figure 8 This is a partial structural diagram of the striking structure of this application;

[0045] Figure 9 This is a cross-sectional view of the striking structure of this application;

[0046] Figure 10 This application Figure 9 A magnified structural diagram of structure A is shown.

[0047] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0048] Test equipment; 11. Slope protection structure; 12. Simulated foundation; 13. Sensor; 14. Anti-tension pile; 15. Test box; 151. Loading cover plate; 152. Base plate; 16. Fill body; 17. Jack; 18. Pressure steel beam; 181. Steel beam one; 182. Steel beam two; 19. Anti-tension anchor; 2. Material feeding module; 3. Mounting frame; 31. Guide rail; 4. Top rod; 41. Vent hole; 5. Drive mechanism; 51. Hydraulic telescopic rod; 52. Connecting rod; 53. Connecting block; 54. Reverse thrust structure one; 541. Pressure cylinder; 542. Piston one 543. Plug rod one; 544. Upper abutment block; 545. Lower abutment block; 546. Return spring one; 6. Guide plate; 61. Guide groove; 7. Striking structure; 71. Horizontal plate; 72. Striking rod; 73. Elastic component; 731. Piston cylinder; 732. Piston two; 733. Plug rod two; 734. Return spring two; 735. Nozzle; 74. Guide block; 741. Guide wheel; 75. Guide seat; 76. Striking block; 8. Reverse thrust structure two; 81. Rectangular cylinder; 82. Chamber; 83. Reverse thrust block; 84. Connecting rod; 85. Connecting pipe. Detailed Implementation

[0049] The following is in conjunction with the appendix Figures 1-10 This application will be described in further detail.

[0050] Example 1, such as Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, this is the first embodiment of the present invention. This embodiment provides a foundation deformation test device, including test device 1. Test device 1 includes a simulated foundation 12 and an anti-tension pile 14 set on the foundation, as well as a test box 15, a jack 17 and a pressure steel beam 18 set on the simulated foundation 12. It should be noted that before laying the simulated foundation 12, a suitable test site is first selected in the field, a test pit is excavated, and different types of soil are backfilled to simulate foundations with different geological conditions. Then, test device 1 is installed to conduct the experiment.

[0051] Specifically, the test chamber 15 is hollow inside and filled with a filler 16. The upper and lower sides of the test chamber 15 are respectively equipped with a loading cover plate 151 and a bottom plate 152. Since a large pressure needs to be applied during the test, the test chamber 15 is made of steel with good deformation resistance. In addition, in order to simulate different contact methods between the filler 16 and the original foundation, the bottom of the test chamber 15 is equipped with a movable bottom plate 152. The presence or absence of a bottom plate 152 is for two types of working conditions: if there is no bottom plate 152, the filler 16 is in direct contact with the original foundation, simulating the working condition of a flexible foundation; or if there is a bottom plate 152, there is a rigid foundation between the filler 16 and the original foundation.

[0052] In this embodiment, the pressure-bearing steel beam 18 consists of two vertically distributed steel beams, 181 and 182. The steel beams 181 and 182 are horizontally arranged in the X and Z directions. An anti-tension anchor 19 is installed between the steel beam 182 and the anti-tension pile 14. Several sensors 13 are installed inside the simulated foundation 12. It should be noted that the anti-tension pile 14 is a reinforced concrete cast-in-place pile, with one pile at each of the four corners of the test pit. The pile diameter is 1m, the total length is 26m, the embedment length is 25m, the cantilever above ground is 1m, and the reinforcing steel extends 1m outwards to install the anti-tension anchor 19. Additionally, to test the stress-strain state of the pile and the integrity of the pile... For integrity, a steel bar gauge and sonic logging tube are pre-installed inside the pile body; in this embodiment, a slope protection structure 11 is set between the simulated foundation 12 and the foundation, the number of tension piles 14 is four, and the four tension piles 14 are distributed in a rectangular pile shape, the sensors 13 are pressure sensor body, strain sensor body and displacement sensor body respectively, and the horizontal and vertical spacing of the sensors 13 is 1m; the number of steel beams 2 182 is two, and the two steel beams 2 182 are symmetrically distributed, the number of tension anchors 19 is the same as the number of tension piles 14, the four tension anchors 19 are respectively connected to the two ends of the two steel beams 2 182, and the output end of the jack 17 is fixed to the middle of the steel beam 1 181.

[0053] Further explanation is provided: the loading cover plate 151 is movably installed on the top side of the test box 15, the bottom plate 152 is movably installed on the bottom side of the test box 15, the jack 17 is fixed to the middle of the upper surface of the loading cover plate 151, the pressure steel beam 18 is a box-shaped steel beam, 12m (length) × 1m (width) × 1.5m (height), and the steel plate thickness is 30mm; specifically, the pull-out anchor 19 consists of upper and lower anchor plates and anchor rods. The lower anchor plate is connected to the extended steel bars of the pull-out pile 14 by anchor bolts, and the upper and lower anchor plates are connected by anchor rods. Each set of anchors has 16 anchor cables, 8 of which are fixed on each side of the anchor rods; the jack 17 is a high-pressure hydraulic jack 17, consisting of two units, with a tonnage of 500T and a stroke of 200mm. The jack 17 can be set with any fixed pressure within its range and can be pressurized in a timely manner. In this embodiment, when the jack 17 is activated, its piston rod pushes the pressure steel beam 18 upward. Since the reaction system is anchored by the anti-pull pile 14, the reaction force forces the cylinder of the jack 17 to move downward, thereby applying a huge vertical load to the loading cover plate 151 and the filling body 16. The load is transferred to the simulated foundation 12 through the filling body 16. Throughout the process, all sensors 13 collect stress, strain and displacement data in real time for subsequent analysis. By monitoring the stress, strain and displacement of the simulated foundation 12 and the filling body 16 through the sensors 13, their deformation and failure characteristics can be studied.

[0054] Furthermore, this application applies axial loads using a static load testing device 1. During the loading process, the load should be gradually increased, and the maximum load should be determined based on the simulated filling height, and should not be less than 1.5 times the bearing capacity of the foundation. The deformation and failure conditions under each load level should be recorded. At the same time, attention should be paid to observing the deformation and failure characteristics of the model foundation, such as the generation, propagation, and penetration of cracks.

[0055] Example 2, as Figures 2-10 As shown, this is the second embodiment of the present invention. Unlike the first embodiment, the test chamber 15 has an external unloading module 2. The unloading module 2 includes a mounting frame 3, a push rod 4 mounted on the mounting frame 3, a drive mechanism 5, a striking structure 7, and a second push-back structure 8. The bottom of the push rod 4 is connected to the loading cover plate 151, and a guide plate 6, which is linked to the striking structure 7, is slidably mounted on the inner side of the mounting frame 3. The top side of the guide plate 6 is also connected to the second push-back structure 8. Specifically, the drive mechanism 5 is used to control the push rod 4 and... The driving mechanism 5 for the striking structure 7 includes a hydraulic telescopic rod 51, a connecting rod 52, and a first thrust structure 54 mounted at the bottom of the connecting rod 52. The first thrust structure 54 works in conjunction with the second thrust structure 8. It should be noted that this embodiment utilizes the natural pressure change within the system caused by the ejection resistance to drive the striking structure 7. The vibration effectively breaks down the friction and adhesion between the filling material 16 and the box wall, ensuring smooth ejection operations. Furthermore, the first thrust structure 54 and the second thrust structure 8 work in conjunction. When obstruction occurs during material feeding, the first thrust structure 54 can drive the second thrust structure 8 through the linkage mechanism, thereby driving the guide plate 6 to slide, further coordinating the actions of the entire feeding module 2, improving feeding efficiency and the ability to handle abnormal situations.

[0056] In this embodiment, the top rod 4 has a vent 41 that communicates with the loading cover plate 151 to discharge gas from the soil during the loading process. Since gas may be generated in the soil during loading, if this gas is not discharged in time, it will affect the loading effect and the accuracy of the test data. The vent 41 allows for timely discharge of gas from the soil, ensuring the smooth progress of the loading process and improving the reliability of the test results. Specifically, the bottom end of the top rod 4 is fixed to the upper surface of the loading cover plate 151 via a flange; the top end of the top rod 4 penetrates the interior of the mounting frame 3. During use, the mounting frame 3 guides the top rod 4, enabling it to rise and fall stably.

[0057] like Figure 6As shown, the mounting bracket 3 is bolted to the side wall of the test box 15. A guide rail 31 is fixed on the inner wall of the mounting bracket 3. The guide plate 6 is slidably connected to the guide rail 31. The guide rail 31 provides precise guidance for the movement of the guide plate 6, enabling the guide plate 6 to slide smoothly along a predetermined trajectory, reducing friction and resistance during the movement, and improving the smoothness and stability of the movement. Specifically, the guide plate 6 has a guide groove 61 inside that works with the striking structure 7. The guide groove 61 is wavy in shape. When the guide plate 6 slides, the guide groove 61 can guide the striking structure 7 to move along a specific trajectory to achieve the striking action.

[0058] like Figures 3-5 As shown, the output end of the hydraulic telescopic rod 51 is equipped with a connecting block 53 fixed to the connecting rod 52. The reverse thrust structure 54 includes a pressure cylinder 541 with a flange installed at the bottom end of the connecting rod 52. The interiors of the pressure cylinder 541 and the connecting rod 52 are both hollow, and the bottom end of the connecting rod 52 is connected to the interior of the pressure cylinder 541. A piston 542 is installed inside the pressure cylinder 541. A stopper rod 543 is fixed on the outer wall of the piston 542. An upper abutment block 544 is fixed at the bottom end of the stopper rod 543. A lower abutment block 545 is installed below the upper abutment block 544. Specifically, the lower abutment block 545 is fixed to the outer surface of the push rod 4. The upper abutment block 544 abuts against the lower abutment block 545 and the striking structure 7 respectively through the extension and retraction of the hydraulic telescopic rod 51. A return spring 546 is installed between the outer surface of the stopper rod 543 and the bottom side of the pressure cylinder 541. In use, the hydraulic telescopic rod 51 extends and retracts, driving the connecting rod 52 to move via the connecting block 53, thereby activating the thrust-reverse structure 54. The upper abutment block 544, through the extension and retraction of the hydraulic telescopic rod 51, abuts against the lower abutment block 545 and the striking structure 7, respectively, realizing the pressing operation of the push rod 4 and the driving of the striking structure 7. The return spring 546 can reset the upper abutment block 544 when the hydraulic force is lost, ensuring the flexibility and reliability of the thrust-reverse structure 54.

[0059] To further improve the material feeding effect, such as Figure 3 , Figures 6-10 As shown, the striking structure 7 includes two horizontal plates 71 disposed outside the test chamber 15. Several striking rods 72 are disposed between the two horizontal plates 71, and a striking block 76 is installed at one end of each striking rod 72. An elastic component 73 is installed between the two horizontal plates 71. A guide block 74 connected to the guide plate 6 is disposed outside the horizontal plate 71 on the side away from the test chamber 15. A guide wheel 741 that rolls with the guide groove 61 is rotatably installed inside the guide block 74. When the guide plate 6 drives the striking structure 7 to move through the guide block 74 and the guide wheel 741, the striking rods 72 will reciprocate, and the striking block 76 will continuously strike the relevant parts of the test chamber 15, which can effectively shake off the material attached to the inner wall or material of the test chamber 15, prevent material blockage, and significantly improve the material feeding efficiency.

[0060] The striking structure 7 also includes a guide seat 75 fixed to the outer wall of the test box 15, and the horizontal plate 71 near the test box 15 is slidably connected to the guide seat 75; the guide seat 75 provides precise guidance for the movement of the horizontal plate 71, so that the horizontal plate 71 can only move in a straight line along the direction set by the guide seat 75, ensuring the stability and accuracy of the movement of the striking structure 7 and avoiding deviation or shaking; both horizontal plates 71 are equipped with linings for the striking rod 72.

[0061] like Figure 8 and Figure 10 As shown, the elastic component 73 includes a piston cylinder 731 and a second stopper rod 733 between two horizontal plates 71. A second piston 732 is disposed inside the piston cylinder 731. The other end of the second stopper rod 733 is fixed to the outer wall of the second piston 732. A second return spring 734 is installed between the outer surface of the second stopper rod 733 and the piston cylinder 731. A nozzle 735 is installed on the outer wall of the piston cylinder 731, pointing towards the guide seat 75. It should be noted that the number of elastic components 73 is at least two. Specifically, when the second piston 732 reciprocates, air is intermittently ejected from the piston cylinder 731. This air can blow away dust and debris from the sliding parts of the guide seat 75 and the horizontal plates 71, reducing the problem of poor sliding caused by dust accumulation and further ensuring the smooth movement of the striking structure 7.

[0062] like Figure 5 As shown, the second thrust structure 8 includes a rectangular tube 81 fixed inside the mounting frame 3. A chamber 82 is opened inside the rectangular tube 81, and a thrust block 83 is arranged inside the chamber 82. A connecting rod 84 connected to the guide plate 6 is fixed to the bottom side of the thrust block 83, and a connecting pipe 85 connected to the connecting rod 52 is fixed to the top side of the rectangular tube 81. The connecting pipe 85 can be a flexible hose. In this embodiment, when the guide plate 6 drives the thrust block 83 to move in the chamber 82, the movement of the thrust block 83 will generate a certain thrust force. The thrust force can be transmitted to the guide plate 6 through the connecting rod 84, thereby affecting the movement of other components related to the guide plate 6. In equipment involving material feeding, the thrust force can play a role in assisting the material feeding in conjunction with the striking structure 7, such as helping to shake off the material attached to the inner wall of the equipment or the material, promoting the smooth falling of the material, and improving the feeding efficiency and feeding quality.

[0063] Example 3: Another problem that the present invention needs to solve is to provide a method for using a foundation deformation testing device, including the following steps:

[0064] S1. Preparation Phase:

[0065] S1-1: Select a suitable test site and excavate a test pit, backfill with different types of soil to simulate foundations under different geological conditions;

[0066] S1-2: A slope protection structure 11 is set up on the natural foundation to construct a simulated foundation 12, and various sensors 13 are embedded in it; it should be noted that different types of soil, such as sand, silt, and clay, are selected, and their optimum moisture content is determined through indoor compaction tests. and maximum dry density During backfill compaction, different high-fill treatment techniques can be simulated for comparative analysis, and the compaction coefficient should ideally be controlled between 94% and 7%. The following formula is the compaction coefficient formula:

[0067]

[0068] In addition, the simulated foundation 12 should use soil similar to the original soil and prepare a suitable soil layer with density, moisture content and mechanical properties similar to the actual project. Different foundation treatment technologies can be used to simulate reinforcement, so as to compare and analyze the test results under different working conditions.

[0069] S1-3: Place the test box 15 with the movable base plate 152 at the bottom on the simulated foundation 12, fill it with the filling material 16, and cover the top with the movable loading cover plate 151.

[0070] S1-4: Install the reaction system: Construct a pressure steel beam 18 consisting of steel beam 181 and steel beam 182, and firmly connect it to the anti-tension piles 14 at the four corners through anti-tension anchors 19;

[0071] S1-5: Fix the base of jack 17 to the loading cover plate 151, with its output end resting on the middle of steel beam 181;

[0072] S2, Loading and Detection Phase:

[0073] S2-1: Start the jack 17, its piston rod pushes upward to pressurize the steel beam 18. Since the reaction system is anchored by the anti-pull pile 14, the reaction force forces the jack 17 to generate downward pressure. The reaction force causes the cylinder of the jack 17 to press down on the test box 15, thereby compressing the carrier inside the test box 15, squeezing the foundation, and realizing the test. This applies a huge vertical load to the loading cover plate 151 and the filling body 16.

[0074] S2-2: The load is transferred to the simulated foundation 12 through the filling body 16. Throughout the process, all sensors 13 collect stress, strain and displacement data in real time for subsequent analysis.

[0075] It should be noted that the experimental data analysis involves the following steps:

[0076] 1. Deformation Laws:

[0077] By using real-time monitored spatial deformation data of the foundation, spatial deformation cloud maps are drawn, and the deformation characteristics of high embankment foundations are compared and analyzed in conjunction with different test conditions.

[0078] 2. Stress distribution:

[0079] Based on the spatial pressure data of the foundation soil collected by the soil pressure sensor 13, a spatial stress cloud map of the high embankment foundation was drawn. Combined with different test conditions and different load gradients, the stress distribution and transmission characteristics of the high embankment foundation were compared and analyzed.

[0080] 3. Destruction Mode:

[0081] The study analyzes the failure phenomena of the foundation during tests under different working conditions, reveals the interaction between the fill layer and the foundation soil, and classifies and names the failure phenomena.

[0082] 4. Evaluation of reinforcement effect:

[0083] The effects of different foundation reinforcement technologies were evaluated, and the impact of reinforcement measures on foundation stability and settlement control were analyzed.

[0084] 5. Influencing factors:

[0085] This study investigates key factors affecting foundation deformation, such as fill height, fill type, soil properties, and load magnitude, and analyzes the relationship between foundation stress-strain characteristics and these factors.

[0086] 6. Damage Mechanism:

[0087] By simulating different reinforcement measures, the failure mechanism of high embankment foundations is studied, and optimized foundation treatment technology is proposed based on the test results.

[0088] Combined with appendix Figures 1-10 The working principle of the above embodiments is as follows:

[0089] By activating jack 17, its piston rod pushes upward to pressurize steel beam 18. Since the reaction system is anchored by anti-tension pile 14, the reaction force forces the cylinder of jack 17 to move downward, thereby applying a huge vertical load to loading cover plate 151 and filling body 16. The load is transferred to simulated foundation 12 through filling body 16. Throughout the process, all sensors 13 collect stress, strain and displacement data in real time for subsequent analysis. By monitoring the stress, strain and displacement of simulated foundation 12 and filling body 16 through sensors 13, their deformation and failure characteristics can be studied.

[0090] After the test, the hydraulic telescopic rod 51 extends and retracts, driving the connecting rod 52 to move through the connecting block 53. The reverse thrust structure 54 at the bottom of the connecting rod 52 works, and the piston 542 in the pressure cylinder 541 drives the piston rod 543 and the upper abutment block 544 to move under hydraulic action. The upper abutment block 544 abuts against the lower abutment block 545, thereby pushing the top rod 4 to move. The bottom end of the top rod 4 is fixed to the upper surface of the loading cover plate 151 through the flange, realizing the pressing operation of the top rod 4 on the loading cover plate 151. As the top rod 4 moves down, the upper abutment block 544 will contact the striking structure 7, thereby driving the striking structure 7 to move down as a whole. During the downward movement of the striking structure 7, the guide wheel 741 in the guide block 74 rolls in the wave-shaped guide groove 61 of the guide plate 6, driving the horizontal plate 71 and the striking rod 72 to move, so that the striking block 76 strikes the test box 15.

[0091] When the material feeding is obstructed, due to the continuous input of the hydraulic telescopic rod 51, the resistance of the material feeding obstruction and the thrust of the hydraulic telescopic rod 51 will squeeze the piston 542, causing it to extend into the pressure cylinder 541. It connects with the chamber 82 inside the rectangular cylinder 81 through the connecting pipe 85. Under the action of pressure, the push block 83 in the chamber 82 drives the guide plate 6 to slide on the guide rail 31 through the connecting rod 84, realizing the linkage between the push structure 54 and the push structure 8, further coordinating the action of the entire feeding module 2. When the guide plate 6 moves, it will drive the striking structure 7 again, further cooperating with the push rod 4 to carry out the feeding work.

[0092] The above are all preferred embodiments of this application, and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, all equivalent changes made in accordance with the structure, shape and principle of this application should be covered within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A foundation deformation testing device, characterized in that: The test equipment (1) includes a simulated foundation (12) and an anti-tension pile (14) set on the foundation, as well as a test box (15), a jack (17) and a pressure steel beam (18) set on the simulated foundation (12). The test box (15) is hollow inside and filled with a filling body (16). The test box (15) is provided with a loading cover plate (151) and a bottom plate (152) on the upper and lower sides respectively. The pressure steel beam (18) is composed of steel beam one (181) and steel beam two (182) distributed vertically. Steel beam one (181) and steel beam two (182) are horizontally placed in the X and Z directions. A pull-out anchor (19) is installed between steel beam two (182) and the pull-out pile (14). Several sensors (13) are provided inside the simulated foundation (12). The test box (15) is provided with a feeding module (2) on the outside. The feeding module (2) includes a mounting frame (3), a top rod (4) set on the mounting frame (3), a drive mechanism (5), a striking structure (7) and a second push structure (8). The bottom of the top rod (4) is connected to the loading cover plate (151), and a guide plate (6) that is linked and cooperates with the striking structure (7) is slidably provided on the inner side of the mounting frame (3). The top side of the guide plate (6) is also connected to the second push structure (8). The drive mechanism (5) is used to drive the top rod (4) and the striking structure (7) respectively. The drive mechanism (5) includes a hydraulic telescopic rod (51), a connecting rod (52) and a first reverse thrust structure (54) installed at the bottom of the connecting rod (52). The first reverse thrust structure (54) is used in conjunction with the second reverse thrust structure (8). A slope protection structure (11) is provided between the simulated foundation (12) and the foundation, and the loading cover plate (151) is movably installed on the top side of the test box (15); The mounting bracket (3) is bolted to the side wall of the test box (15). A guide rail (31) is fixed on the inner wall of the mounting bracket (3). The guide plate (6) is slidably connected to the guide rail (31). A wave-shaped guide groove (61) is opened inside the guide plate (6) to cooperate with the striking structure (7). The jack (17) is fixedly set between the test box (15) and the pressure steel beam (18).

2. The foundation deformation testing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The number of the tension piles (14) is four, and the four tension piles (14) are distributed in a rectangular pile configuration. The sensors (13) are pressure sensor bodies, strain sensor bodies, and displacement sensor bodies, respectively. The number of the steel beams (182) is two, and the two steel beams (182) are symmetrically distributed. The number of tension anchors (19) is the same as the number of tension piles (14). The four tension anchors (19) are respectively connected to the two ends of the two steel beams (182). The output end of the jack (17) is fixed to the middle of the steel beam (181).

3. The foundation deformation testing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The base plate (152) is movably installed on the bottom side of the test box (15), the jack (17) is fixed to the middle of the upper surface of the loading cover plate (151), the inside of the push rod (4) is provided with a ventilation hole (41) communicating with the inside of the loading cover plate (151), and the bottom end of the push rod (4) is fixed to the upper surface of the loading cover plate (151) through a flange.

4. The foundation deformation testing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The output end of the hydraulic telescopic rod (51) is equipped with a connecting block (53) fixed to the connecting rod (52). The first thrust structure (54) includes a pressure cylinder (541) with a flange installed at the bottom end of the connecting rod (52). The interiors of the pressure cylinder (541) and the connecting rod (52) are hollow, and the bottom end of the connecting rod (52) is connected to the interior of the pressure cylinder (541). A piston (542) is provided inside the pressure cylinder (541). A stopper rod (543) is fixed on the outer wall of the piston (542). An upper abutment block (544) is fixed at the bottom end of the stopper rod (543). A lower abutment block (545) is provided below the upper abutment block (544).

5. The foundation deformation testing device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The lower abutment block (545) is fixed to the outer surface of the top rod (4). The upper abutment block (544) extends and retracts through the hydraulic telescopic rod (51) to abut against the lower abutment block (545) and the striking structure (7) respectively. A return spring (546) is installed between the outer surface of the plug rod (543) and the bottom side of the pressure cylinder (541).

6. The foundation deformation testing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The striking structure (7) includes two horizontal plates (71) disposed outside the test box (15). A plurality of striking rods (72) are disposed between the two horizontal plates (71), and a striking block (76) is installed at one end of each of the striking rods (72). An elastic component (73) is installed between the two horizontal plates (71), and a guide block (74) connected to a guide plate (6) is disposed outside the horizontal plate (71) away from the test box (15). A guide wheel (741) that rolls with the guide groove (61) is rotatably installed inside the guide block (74).

7. The foundation deformation testing device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The striking structure (7) also includes a guide seat (75) fixed to the outer wall of the test box (15), and the horizontal plate (71) near the test box (15) is slidably connected to the guide seat (75); The elastic component (73) includes a piston cylinder (731) and a second piston rod (733) between the two cross plates (71). A second piston (732) is disposed inside the piston cylinder (731). The other end of the second piston rod (733) is fixed to the outer wall of the second piston (732). A second return spring (734) is installed between the outer surface of the second piston rod (733) and the piston cylinder (731). A nozzle (735) facing the guide seat (75) is installed on the outer wall of the piston cylinder (731).

8. The foundation deformation testing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The second thrust structure (8) includes a rectangular tube (81) fixed inside the mounting bracket (3). A chamber (82) is opened inside the rectangular tube (81). A thrust block (83) is provided inside the chamber (82). A connecting rod (84) connected to the guide plate (6) is fixed on the bottom side of the thrust block (83). A connecting pipe (85) connected to the connecting rod (52) is fixed on the top side of the rectangular tube (81).

9. A method for using a foundation deformation testing device, comprising the following steps: (The device is described in any one of claims 1-8) S1. Preparation Phase: S1-1: Select a suitable test site and excavate a test pit, backfill with different types of soil to simulate foundations under different geological conditions; S1-2: Set up a slope protection structure (11) on the natural foundation, construct a simulated foundation (12), and bury various sensors (13) in it. S1-3: Place the test box (15) with the movable base plate (152) at the bottom on the simulated foundation (12), fill it with fill material (16), and cover the top with the movable loading cover plate (151). S1-4: Install the reaction system: Construct a pressure steel beam (18) consisting of steel beam one (181) and steel beam two (182), and firmly connect it to the anti-tension piles (14) at the four corners through anti-tension anchors (19); S1-5: Fix the base of the jack (17) to the loading cover plate (151), with its output end resting on the middle of the steel beam (181); S2, Loading and Detection Phase: S2-1: Start the jack (17), its piston rod pushes upward to press the steel beam (18). Since the reaction system is anchored by the anti-pull pile (14), the reaction force forces the jack (17) downward to generate pressure. The reaction force causes the cylinder of the jack (17) to press down on the test box (15), thereby causing the carrier inside the test box (15) to be compressed, squeezing the foundation, realizing the test, thereby applying a huge vertical load to the loading cover plate (151) and the filling body (16); S2-2: The load is transferred to the simulated foundation (12) through the filling body (16). Throughout the process, all sensors (13) collect stress, strain and displacement data in real time for subsequent analysis.

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